Section ADirections: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scored Answer Sheet. Section BDirections: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scored Answer Sheet. Section ADirections: Put the following paragraph into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on Answer Sheet Ⅱ.1. The infectious diseases that strike humans as epidemics share several characteristics. First, they spread so quickly as to leave the whole population exposed within a short time. Second, they are acute illnesses: those in critical condition have to be treated without delay. Third, those who recover develop antibodies that protect against a recurrence of the disease. Finally, these diseases tend to be confined to humans. To sustain themselves, acute infectious diseases need a human population that is sufficiently large and sufficiently densely packed that numerous susceptible children are available for infection by the virus that would otherwise be diminishing.
使人类遭受疫情的传染病有几个共同特点。首先,这些疾病传播的速度极快,短时间内使整个人群暴露。第二点,它们是急性病:危重患者必须马上治疗。第三点,康复者能产生抗体防止疾病的复发。最后一点,这些疾病往往局限于人类。要想生存,急性传染病需要人群,这个人群的数量不仅要足够大,密度也要足够高,有大量的易感儿童可供感染,否则病毒就逐渐消失了。
[解析] 英译汉难点说明:
1.此句中strike的意义是“打击”或“攻击”,有别于...strikes me as beautiful(给我留下很美的印象)。
2.so...as to do...是个固定的结构,表示“太……竟然……”。例如:The Japanese want to believe that their language and culture are so unique as to have required uniquely complex developmental processes.
3.in critical condition的意义是“生命有危险”或“病危”。名词condition不表示“条件”,而是“健康状态”。
4.to sustain themselves的含义是“维持自己的生命”或“继续生存”。
5.a human population不能翻译为“人口”,而是“人群”。
6....sufficiently large...that...相当于...so large...that...。
7.be densely packed的意义是“许多人拥挤在一起”,也就是“密密麻麻”,表示人口密度高。
8.that would otherwise be diminishing修饰the virus。动词diminish的含义是“逐渐减少或下降”,而otherwise经常与虚拟语气连用,表示“在其他情况下”。例如:Boris Johnson has been able to end what might have otherwise been a troubling week with an unexpected sigh of relief
That made a big difference in enabling us to take a deeper look into the science and the effects of lunar regolith on plants than we would have otherwise been able to do, Paul said.
Section BDirections: Put the following paragraph into English. Write your English version in the proper space on Answer Sheet Ⅱ.1. 预计2023年大学毕业生人数将多达1050万,而2020年是874万。尽管总的就业率在上升,但很多学生面临的问题是无法进入国企或当公务员。与男孩不同,女孩可能遇到性别歧视。找到一个稳定工作的难度要超出预料。
The number of college graduates is projected to be as large as 10.5 million in 2023, compared with 8.74 million in 2020. Despite the increase in the overall rate of employment, the problem facing many students is their inability to work in state-owned enterprises or as government employees (public servants). Unlike boys, girls are likely to meet with gender discrimination. Finding a stable job is more difficult than expected (anticipated).
[解析] 英译汉难点说明:
1.对数字进行预测时,经常用project,如the death toll is projected to reach...by the end of this month。
2.英语中经常用as...as...表示“达”,如as long as twenty years(长达10年)或increase by as much as 40%(涨幅高达40%)。
3.估计有不少同学见到“而”就想到but或while。比较相关数字时,compared with (to)比较常用。例如:
This is true, but the case count depends on the level of testing. India's ratio currently hovers at around 9,231 tests per million—or 9 per 1,000, compared to 128 per 1,000 in the United States.
More than 5,800 Americans gave up their citizenship in the first six months of 2020, compared to the 2,072 Americans who renounced their citizenship in all of 2019.
4.“学生面临的问题”可译为the problem facing students/students are facing/students are faced with/faced by students,使用students face with/students are facing with/students are faced是错误的。
5.用different from翻译“与男孩不同,女孩可能遇到性别歧视”应该扣分,最好用unlike。
6.最后一句的翻译不能以the difficulty...开头,是汉语思维,应该以it或a stable job开头。