Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) What's your earliest childhood memory? Can you remember learning to walk? Or talk? The first time you heard thunder or watched a television program? Adults seldom 1 events much earlier than the year or so before entering school, 2 children younger than three or four 3 retain any specific, personal experiences. A variety of explanations have been 4 by psychologists for this " childhood amnesia " . One argues that the hippocampus, the region of the brain which is 5 for formling memories, does not mature until about the age of two. But the most popular theory 6 that, since adults don't think like children, they cannot 7 childhood memories. Adults think in words, and their life memories are like stories or 8 —one event follows another as in a novel or film. 9 , when they search through their mental 10 for early childhood memories to add to this verbal life story, they don't find any that fit the 11 . It's like trying to find a Chinese word in an English dictionary. Now psychologist Annette Simms of the New York State University offers a new 12 for childhood amnesia. She argues that there simply aren't any early childhood memories to recall. According to Dr. Simms, children need to learn to use someone else's spoken 13 of their personal 14 in order to turn their own short-term, quickly forgotten 15 of them into long-term memories. 16 , children have to talk about their 17 and hear others talk about them—Mother talking about the afternoon 18 looking for seashells at the beach or Dad asking them about their day at Ocean Park. Without this 19 reinforcement, says Dr.Simms, children cannot form 20 memories of their personal experiences.
1.
A.figure
B.interpret
C.recall
D.affirm
A B C D
C
[解析] 词汇辨识题。recall意为“想起”,指把忘记的东西又想起来,其动作含有有意识的努力和意志,常与can, could等词连用。例如:I remember her face but I cannot recall where I met her. 根据上下文,此处需要填入与前面的remember意思相近的动词,意为成年人很少能想起一些事,故选项[C]recall正确。选项[A]figure意为“计算;描述;估计”,例如:Can you figure (out) why he did it? 选项[B]interpret意为“解释,说明”,例如:It's difficult to interpret these statistics without knowing how they were obtained. 选项[D]affirm通常为回答某一问题时“断言,肯定”,例如:He affirmed that he was telling the truth.
2.
A.since
B.even if
C.as though
D.just as
A B C D
D
[解析] 逻辑关系题。just as意为“就像”,例如:Things turned out just as I expected. 根据上下文的意思,成年人与孩子一样都不记得童年的事,故选项[D]just as正确。选项[A]since意为“既然”,常用于完成时念,例如:She is enjoying the job more since she's got more responsibility. 选项[B]even if意为“即使”,引导让步状语从句,例如:Even if you take a taxi, you'll still miss your train. 选项[C]as though意为“似乎,好像”,例如:They stared at me as though I was crazy.
3.
A.largely
B.rarely
C.merely
D.really
A B C D
B
[解析] 词汇辨识题。rarely是否定副词,意为“很少”,与主句中的seldom(很少)前后照应。选项[A]largely意为“主要地”,例如:The accident was largely due to his carelessness. 选项[C]only意为“仅仅”,例如:He is not only a good artist, but a great one. 选项[D]really意为“真正地”。全句可译为:成年人很少能想起比入学前一年左右更早的事情,就像三四岁以前的孩子很少能记得任何具体的个人经历一样。
4.
A.refuted
B.defied
C.proposed
D.witnessed
A B C D
C
[解析] 词汇辨识题。propose sth. /doing sth. /that (should)…表示“提出意见”,例如:I propose a short rest before we continue the work根据文章意思:心理学家提出了多种解释,故选项[C]proposed正确。选项[A]refute意为“反驳,驳斥”,例如:We refuted his claim that the world was flat. 选项[B]defy意为“公然违抗,蔑视”,例如:How long can those criminals continue to defy the law! 选项[D]witness意为“目击;作证”,例如:He witnessed to having seen the man enter the room. 全句可译为:心理学家已经对这种“儿童失忆症”提出了各种各样的解释。
5.
A.responsible
B.suitable
C.favorable
D.available
A B C D
A
[解析] 固定搭配题。be responsible for意为“有责任的;成为…的原因”,例如:The pilot of an airliner is responsible for the safety of the passengers. 再如:Mechanical defects were responsible for the accident. 根据上下文的意思和结构,此句意指大脑中的一个负责记忆的区域,作为hippocampus的同位语,故选项[A]responsible正确。选项[B]suitable意为“合适的”,常用作be suitable to/for;选项[C]favorable意为“满意的;有利的”,例如:We can sail there in an hour if the wind is favorable to us. 选项[D]available意为“可用的;有空的”,例如:It's vital that food is made available to the famine area. 全句可译为:有心理学家认为,大脑中的海马体,即大脑中形成记忆的区域,直到大约两岁时才成熟。
6.
A.declines
B.assesses
C.estimates
D.maintains
A B C D
D
[解析] 词汇辨识题。maintain意为“坚持认为;维持”,例如:He maintained that he was innocent. =He maintained his innocence. 再如:We should maintain friendly relations with neighboring countries. 根据上下文,前一句讲有人认为儿童失忆症是因为人脑中的海马体不成熟,此句讲别的理论的看法,故选项[D]maintain正确。选项[A]decline意为“婉拒;衰落”,例如:I offered him a lift to his house, but he declined with thanks. 再如:The party's popularity has declined in the opinion polls. 选项[B]assess意为“评估”,例如:They assessed the cost of the flood damage at £ 50,000. 再如:Examinations are not the only means of assessing someone's ability. 选项[C]estimate意为“估计,评价”,例如:It was difficult to estimate how many trees had been damaged.
7.
A.reflect
B.attain
C.access
D.acquire
A B C D
C
[解析] 词汇辨识题。access作名词时,意为“接近;入口”;作动词时,意为“(计算机)存取数据、文件”,例如:The system has been designed to give the user quick and easy access to the required information. 再如:Branch officials can access the central data bank. 此处需要一个与memory搭配的动词,故选项[C]access正确。选项[A]reflect意为“反映;深思熟虑”,例如:His unhappy face reflected his inner despair. 再如:The manager demanded time to reflect on what to do. 选项[B]attain意为“获得”,有较强的抱负和渴望的意味,例如:attain one's goal/independence. 选项[D]acquire尤指通过努力“获得;养成习惯、嗜好等”,例如:acquire a habit(养成一个习惯),acquire a little Spanish(学会了一点西班牙语)。全句可译为:但最流行的理论坚持认为,由于成年人不像儿童那样思考,所以他们不能存取童年的记忆。
8.
A.narratives
B.forecasts
C.communications
D.descriptions
A B C D
A
[解析] 逻辑关系题。narrative意为“叙事”,常指按顺序讲述,例如:She gave a narrative of her strange experience. 根据下文的one event follows another…,可知这里指按顺序来讲述,同时空前的or也暗示该空要选个stories的近义词,故选项[A]narratives符合题意。选项[B]forecast意为“预报;预料”,例如:a weather forecast(人气预报);选项[C]communication意为“交流;(pl.)通讯设施”;选项[D]description意为“记述,叙述,描写”,常指用语言来描述,例如:Please give me a brief/full description of the accident.
[解析] 词汇辨识题。[D]file意为“文件夹”,此处指大脑中的记忆库。选项[A]deposit意为“沉淀物;押金”,例如:There are rich deposits of gold in those hills. 选项[B]dream意为“设想”;选项[C]flash意为“闪光”,现也用于计算机类语言,例如:Last week, Intel Corp. said it had developed a way to double the storage capacity of so-called flash memory chips. (英特尔公司上周称已开发出使所谓的闪存芯片存储量翻倍的方法。)
11.
A.model
B.pattern
C.frame
D.formula
A B C D
B
[解析] 同义词辨析题。pattern意为“模式,方式”,例如:The pattern of family life has been changing over recent years. 根据原句意思,找不到适合描述童年的模式,故选项[B]pattern正确。选项[A]model意为“模型”;选项[C]frame意为“框架”;选项[D]formula意为“公式,惯例”,例如:a formula for settling a border dispute。全句可译为:但是当他们通过大脑文件库(即记忆)寻找早期的常年记忆,增加到这个口头生活故事里时,他们没有找到适合这种模式的任何记忆。
12.
A.emphasis
B.assertion
C.explanation
D.assumption
A B C D
C
[解析] 固定搭配题。offer explanation for意为“为…提出解释”,儿童失忆症并不是一个假设,而是一个事实,上文提到针对其成因有许多种explanations,所以选项[C]explanation正确。选项[A]emphasis意为“强调”,常与介词on搭配;选项[B]assertion总为“断言”,常用作make an assertion that…;选项[D]assumption意为“假设”,例如:I was under the assumption that you were coming tomorrow. 全句可译为:现在美国纽约州立大学的心理学家安妮特·西姆斯针对“儿童失忆症”提出了一种新的解释。
[解析] 语义复现题。impression意为“印象”,与前面第14题的experiences(经历)前后照应,故选项[A]impressions正确。选项[B]belief意为“信念”;选项[C]mind意为“头脑;想法”;选项[D]insight意为“洞察力;深刻见解”,例如:She has a woman's quick insight into character. 全句可译为:根据西姆斯博士的看法,儿童必须学会利用别人对其个人经历的口头描述,从而把他们自己的短期的、迅速遗忘的印象转变成长期记忆。
16.
A.In all senses
B.In some cases
C.In other words
D.In all aspects
A B C D
C
[解析] 词语搭配题。in other words意为“换句话说”,根据上下文,前一句谈及儿童必须学会利用别人对其经历的口头描述,下一句谈到儿童必须谈论其个人经历,并听他人谈论这些经历,后者是对前面句子的解释,故选项[C]In other words正确。选项[A]中sense意为“感觉”,in all senses的意思为“从各方面”;选项[B]中case意为“事例;情境”,in some cases的意思为“在有些情况下”;选项[D]中aspect意为“方面”,in all aspects的意思为“在所有方面”。
[解析] 词语搭配题。spend…doing sth. 意为“花(多少时间)做某事”,此处需要过去分词修饰the afternoon一词,只有选项[D]spent符合句意及结构。选项[A]take表示此意的用法应为It takes/took sb. some time to do sth. ;选项[B]utilize意为“利用”,例如:utilize solar energy;选项[C]apply意为“应用;申请”,例如:Scientific discoveries are often applied to industrial production methods. 全句可译为:换句话说,孩子们必须谈论他们的个人经历,并且听其他人谈论这些经历——母亲谈论下午在沙滩拾贝壳或父亲询问他们白天在海洋公园玩得怎么样。
19.
A.habitual
B.verbal
C.unique
D.particular
A B C D
B
[解析] 语义复现题。verbal意为“口头的”,与前文的spoken description, talk, ask等词相照应,故选项[B]verbal正确。选项[A]habitual意为“习惯性的”;选项[C]unique意为“独一无二的”;选项[D]particular意为“特别的”,例如:a matter of particular importance。
20.
A.permanent
B.mental
C.spiritual
D.conscious
A B C D
A
[解析] 语义搭配题。permanent意为“水久的,长期不变的”,例如:permanent brain damage(永久性脑损伤)。此句指经过口头强化训练,孩子们可以形成关于其个人经历的什么样的记忆。根据西姆斯博士的观点,这样才可形成永久性记忆,从而克服儿童失忆症,故选项[A]permanent正确。选项[B]mental意为“精神上的;智力的”;选项[C]spiritual意为“精神上的,心灵的”,例如:spiritual needs;选项[D]conscious意为“有意识的”,常用作be conscious of sth. 。全句可译为:西姆斯士说,没有这种口头的强化训练,孩子们就不能形成对他们个人经历的永久性记忆。
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1 Violent criminals with something to hide have more reason than ever to be paranoid about a tap on the shoulder which could send them to jail. Queensland police are working through a backlog of unsolved murders with some dramatic success. Greater cooperation between the public and various law enforcement agencies is playing a role, but new genetic-testing techniques are the real key to providing the vital evidence to mount a prosecution. Evidence left behind at the scene of any murder is guaranteed to outlive the person who left it. A blood, saliva or tissue sample in the size of a pin, kept dry and out of sunlight, will last several thousand years. From it, scientific analysis now can tell accurately the sex of the person who left it. When matched against a sample from a crime suspect, it can indicate with million-to-one certainty whether the samples come from the same source. Only twins share identical DNA. So precise is the technology if the biological parents of a suspect agree to provide a sample, forensic scientists can work out the rest for themselves without cooperation from the suspect. Queensland forensic scientists have been using the DNA testing technology since 1992, and last year they were recognized internationally for their competence in positive individual identification. That is part of the reason 20 of Queensland's most puzzling unsolved murders dating to 1932 are being ac timely investigated. There also have been several recent arrests for unsolved murders. Forensic evidence was instrumental in charges being laid over the bashing death of waitress Tasha Douty on Brampton Island in 1983. Douty's blood-splattered, naked body was found on a nude sunbathing beach at Dinghy Bay on the island. Footprints in the sand indicated that the killer had grappled with the 21-year-old mother who had fled up the beach before being caught and beaten to death. According to Leo Freney, the supervising forensic scientist at the John Tonge Centre at Brisbane's Griffith University, DNA testing has become an invaluable tool for police, its use is in identifying and rejecting suspects. In fact, he says, it eliminates more people than it convicts. " It is easily as good as fingerprints for the purpose of identification, " he says. "In the case of violent crime it is better than fingerprints. You can't innocently explain things like blood and semen at a crime scene where you may be able to innocently explain fingerprints. " In Queensland, a person who has been arrested on suspicion of an offence can be taken before a magistrate and ordered to provide a sample of body fluid by :force if necessary.
1. What is implied in the first sentence of Paragraph 1 ?
Text 2 What would happen to the U. S. economy if all its commercial banks suddenly closed their doors? Throughout most of American history, the answer would have been a disaster of epic proportions, akin to the Depression wrought by the chain-reaction bank failures in the early 1930s. But in 1993 the startling answer is that a shutdown by banks might be far from cataclysmic. Consider this: though the economic recovery is now 27 months old, not a single net new dollar has been lent to business by banks in all that time. Last week the Federal Reserve reported that the amount of loans the nation's largest banks have made to businesses fell an additional $ 2. 4 billion in the week ending June 9, to $ 274. 8 billion. Fearful that the scarcity of bank credit might sabotage the fragile economy, the White House and federal agencies are working feverishly to encourage banks to open their lending windows. In the past two weeks, government regulators have introduced steps to make it easier for banks to lend. Is the government's concern fully justified? Who really needs banks these days? Hardly anyone, it turns out. While banks once dominated business lending, today nearly 80% of all such loans come from nonbank lenders like life insurers, brokerage firms and finance companies. Banks used to be the only source of money in town. Now businesses and individuals can write checks on their insurance companies, get a loan from a pension fund, and deposit paychecks in a money-market account with a brokerage firm. "It is possible for banks to die and still have a vibrant economy," says Edward Furash, a Washington bank consultant. The irony is that the accelerating slide into irrelevance comes just as the banks racked up record profits of $ 43 billion over the past 15 months, creating the illusion that the industry is staging a comeback. But that income was not the result of smart lending decisions. Instead of earning money by financing America's recovery, the banks mainly invested their funds--on which they were paying a bargain-basement 2% or so--in risk-free Treasury bonds that yielded 7%. That left bank officers with little to do except put their feet on their desks and watch the interest roll in. Those profits may have come at a price. Not only did bankers lose many loyal customers by withholding credit, they also inadvertently opened the door to a herd of nonbank competitors, who stampeded into the lending market. "The banking industry didn't see this threat," says Furash. "They are being fat, dumb and happy. They didn't realize that banking is essential to a modern economy, but banks are not."
1. In the eyes of the writer, bank failures in the early 1930s
A.brought about an economic crisis.
B.destroyed the whole U. S economy.
C.contributed to economic recovery.
D.exerted no influence on economy.
A B C D
A
2. What is the attitude of the government towards the current situation in which commercial banks are caught?
A.Indignant.
B.Ironical.
C.Apprehensive.
D.Skeptical.
A B C D
C
3. The role of commercial banks are being dramatically marginalized because
A.the government no longer gave support to banking industries.
B.bank officers were misled by unwise loaning strategies.
C.insurance companies have taken over part of the business.
D.outside competitors invaded the business aggressively.
A B C D
D
4. According to the text, what surprises the writer is that commercial banks fail to
A.see its role in a modern economy.
B.perceive the danger involved.
C.appreciate their hard-earned profits.
D.realize the value of customers.
A B C D
B
5. Which of the following may be the best title for this text?
A.Banks on the Cliff.
B.Banks in Ruins.
C.Banks in Conflict.
D.Banks at Ease.
A B C D
A
Text 3 The road to controlling population growth in the 20th century was paved with good intentions and unpleasant policies that did not work, a new book argues an historian who grew up as the youngest of eight children might well be expected to approach the question of whether the world is overpopulated from an unusual angle. Matthew Connelly, a professor at Columbia University, dedicates his study of those who thought the planet had too many people and tried to do something about it to his parents, "for having so many children". Yet, he assures the reader, it Was not his personal experience of large families that drew him to the subject. Mr. Connelly's mentor, Paul Kennedy of Yale University, believed it was necessary to look beyond great-power rivalries to understand the post-cold-war era. In 1994 the pair wrote an article for Atlantic Mouthly arguing that population growth in poor countries, increasing awareness of global economic inequality and the prospect of mass migration could lead to clashes between the West and "the rest". When, years later, Mr. Connelly began his own book on population growth, he still thought of the topic as a way to offer a broader understanding of world security. He ended up writing a very different-and angry-book, one about people who looked at the human race reproducing itself and saw what a gardener sees when looking at a prize plant: something to be encouraged to bloom in some places and pruned in others. As the world population soared, the population controllers came to believe they were fighting a war, and there would be collateral damage. Millions of devices were exported to poor countries although they were known to cause infections and sterility. "Perhaps the individual patient is expendable in the general scheme of things," said a participant at a conference on the devices organized in 1962 by the Population Council, a research institute founded by John [D] Rockefeller, "particularly if the infection she acquires is sterilizing but not lethal. " Furthermore, statistical estimates suggest that as much as 90% of the reason that women have families of a particular size is simply because that is the number of children they want. Where women gained education and rights, birth rates fell. As with reproduction itself, for people to become less fruitful, desire must precede performance.
1. Which one of the following is NOT true about Matthew Connelly?
A.He is the youngest of 8 children in the family and grew up to be an historian.
B.He is expected to address the population problem from a different perspective.
C.His personal experience of large families is the reason why he wants to do research in population.
D.He wants to dedicate his research to his parents.
A B C D
C
[解析] 细节题;我们首先根据题目中的定位信息“Matthew Connelly”从原文中寻找相关信息,同时我们需要借鉴4个选项涉及的内容进行查读。A选项在原文中有直接涉及,B选项的“from a different perspective”和原文的“from an unusual angle”属于同义表达,C选项和原文的“it was not his personal experience of large families that drew him to the subject”说法相反,是我们需要的答案。D选项是对原文的“dedicates his study of those who thought the planet had too many people and tried to do something about it to his parents”的主干部分的论述,也是符合原文信息的。
2. Which one of the following is true according to Connelly's book in 19947
A.Population growth reflects the powers of great nations.
B.Population growth became a problem for human being after the cold war.
C.Population growth in underdeveloped countries may deepen economic inequality.
D.Population growth lead to different controlling policies and these policies lead to clashes.
A B C D
C
[解析] 细节题;我们根据题目中的1994这一信息点帮助我们从原文中寻找相关信息,在原文的第二段中我们可以找到这一信息点,原文的表述是这样的“Population growth in poor countries,increasing awareness of global economic inequality and the prospect of mass migration could lead to clashes between the West and‘the rest’”,比较4个选项,C选项和这里表达的意思是最接近的,是我们需要的正确答案。
3. The word "pruned" ( Line 5, Para. 3) most probably means______.
A.to foster the growth of
B.to remove from, esp. by cutting off
C.to inspire with the courage or confidence
D.to express strong disapproval of
A B C D
B
[解析] 词义题;我们首先寻找包括这个目标词汇的句子,“something to be encouraged to bloom in some places and pruned in others”,需要理解这里的目标词汇的含义,我们需要对整个段落的意思有一个了解。这里作者提到了对于发展中国家和发达国家采取不同的人口政策的问题,而这里把这一现象比作园丁的工作,说鼓励在有些地方开花,而在其他地方则______,显然我们需要的是和“开花”相反的意思,比较4个选项,B选项的意思是符合上下文的要求的,是正确答案。
4. What is the main idea of Paragraph 4 ?
A.Some elated problems arise when world population increases quickly.
B.Rapid population growth may have the potential to cause a war.
C.Many birth control methods are potentially lethal.
D.Most birth control devices would not endanger people's lives.
A B C D
A
[解析] 段落主旨题;经过对原文第四段的分析,我们可以看到,作者在这里讨论的是伴随着世界人口的迅速增加,很多问题随之出现。比较4个选项,A选项是对这种分析的一种正确诠释。B选项是对原文“they were fighting a war”所表示的各国努力应对人口问题这一意思的曲解。C选项和D选项的错误类型一样,都属于以偏概全,这两个选项讨论的都是细节问题,而不属于对段落大意的概括,而且这两个细节中,D选项的说法也是没有根据的。
5. According to the passage, what might be a better way to control population?
A.To estimate the population trend with statistics.
B.To control the size of a family as a whole.
C.To grant more education and rights to women.
D.To decrease women's ability to reproduce.
A B C D
C
[解析] 细节题;结合前面题目对原文的覆盖和考查,我们可以将这个题目定位于原文的最后一段,而在这一段中我们可以看到,“where women gained educalion and rights,birth rates fell”是我们需要的信息,也就是妇女受教育的程度越高,生育率也就相应下降。所以对于控制人口来说,C选项所表达的是一种更好的方式。
Text 4 Artificial hearts have long been the stuff of science fiction. In "Robocop", snazzy cardiac devices are made by Yamaha and Jensen, and in "Star Trek", Jean-Luc Picard, captain of the Enterprise, has one implanted in the year 2328. In the present day, however, their history has been more chequered. The first serious attempt to build one happened in the 1980s, when Jarvik-7, made by Robert Jarvik, a surgeon at the University of Utah, captured the world's attention. But Jarvik-7 was a complicated affair that needed to be connected' via tubes to machines outside the body. The patient could not go home, nor even turn around in bed. Various other designs have been tried since, but all were seen as temporary expedients intended to tide a patient over until the real thing became available from a human donor. That may be about to change. This week, America's Food and Drug Administration gave its approval to a new type of artificial heart made by Abiomed, a firm based near Boston. The agency granted a "humanitarian device exemption", a restricted form of approval that will allow doctors to implant the new device in people whose hearts are about to fail but who cannot, for reasons such as intolerance of the immunosuppressive drugs needed to stop rejection, receive a transplant. Such people have a life expectancy of less than a month, but a dozen similarly hopeless patients implanted with Abiomed's heart survived for about five months. Unlike Dr. Jarvik's device, this newfangled bundle of titanium and polyurethane alms to set the patient free. An electric motor revolving up to 10 000 times a minute pushes an incompressible fluid around the Abiomed heart, and that fluid, in turn, pushes the blood--first to the lungs to be oxygenated, and then around the body. Power is supplied by an electric current generated in a pack outside the body. This induces current in the motor inside the heart. All diagnostics are done remotely, using radio signals. There are no tubes or wires coming out of the patient. The charger is usually plugged into the mains, but if armed with a battery it can be carried around for hours in a vest or backpack, thus allowing the patient to roam freely. Most strikingly, the device's internal battery can last half an hour before it needs recharging. That allows someone time to take a shower or even go for a quick swim without having to wear the charger. Abiomed's chairman, Michael Minogue, does not claim that his firm's product will displace human transplants. Even so, the firm has big ambitions. It is already developing a new version that will be 30% smaller (meaning more women can use it) and will last for five years. That should be ready by 2008--320 years earlier than the writers of "Star Trek" predicted.
1. "Star Trek" is mentioned in the text so as to ______.
A.depict the long history of artificial hearts in science fiction
B.enumerate artificial hearts of all sorts on sale
C.provide background for the discussion of artificial hearts
D.emphasize the great efforts made by Yamaha and Jensen in the development Of artificial hearts
2. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that ______.
A.the regulatory approval is limited with respect to the scope of application
B.the life expectancy will not be improved compared with that indicated by the current record
C.America's Food and Drug' Administration gave its approval to a new type of artificial heart
D.Doctors will implants the new device in patients whose hearts are about to fail
A B C D
A
[考点解析] 这是一道细节分析题,测试考生对原文中细微信息的准确识别与理解。本题的答案信息来源在第二段的第二、三句,尤其是第三句中的“a restricted form of approval”(一种局限性的准许形式),暗示“相关准许是在一定范围之内的准许,是一种受到某种限制的准许,并非绝对的准许”。由此可以推断本题的答案应该是选项A。考生在阅读时对原文中的修饰限定性词语要认真对待和理解。
3. Abiomed's heart distinguishes itself from Jarvik's in that ______.
A.the latter does not need connecting tubes outside the body of a patient
B.the former needs tubes or wires coming out Of patients
C.the latter allows patients to go home and even turn around in bed
D.the former sets patients free due to the fact that there are no tubes or wires coming out of the patients
Part B Directions: You are going to read a text about how to keep your job, followed by a list of important examples. Choose the best examples from the list A - F for each numbered subheading (41-45). There is one extra examples which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) [A] Market Data [B] Market Prosperity [C] Secret of Success [D] Questions to Ask [E] Understanding Your Market [F] Market Research Successful small business expansions and new job formation lead the way in creating new markets, innovations and jobs that fuel economic growth and prosperity. In recognition of the importance of small business to a strong economy, the U. S. Small Business Administration (SBA) is pleased to help meet the information needs of existing business owners and aspiring entrepreneurs. 41. ______ Your business will not succeed just because you want it to succeed. Determining if there is a market for your products or services is the most critical item of planning. Once you decide on your product or service, you must analyze your market--a process involving interviewing competitors, suppliers and new customers. Before you begin researching your market, however, you should take a brief, but close, look at your product or service from an objective standpoint. You should ask yourself the following questions : --Is this product or service in constant demand? --How many competitors provide the same service or product? --Can I create a demand for my product or service? --Can I compete effectively in price, quality and delivery? --Can I price my product or service to assure a profit? Once you are satisfied that these preliminary questions are answered, move on to performing your research. 42. ______ It is extremely beneficial to investigate a market because the information gathered can increase your profit potential. Specifically, it: --Indicates alternative sales approaches to your market. --Provides a more accurate base for making profit assumptions. --Aids in the organization of marketing activities. --Assists in the development of critical short/mid-term goals. --Helps establish your market's profit boundaries. Unfortunately, many entrepreneurs fail to complete this critical section of their business plan. Collecting research data can be frustrating unless you have defined your goals and organized the collection and analysis process. To prevent this from happening, you must plan how you will collect, sort and analyze the information. Maintain a notebook and file in which to store, organize and retrieve data as needed. 43. ______ Your research should ask these questions: --Who are your customers? --Where are they located? --What are their needs and resources? --Is your service or product essential in their operations or activities? --Can the customer afford your service or product? --Where can you create a demand for your service or product? --What areas within your market are declining or growing? --What is the general economy of your service or product area? 44. ______ Knowing your market requires an understanding not only of your product, but also of your customers' socioeconomic characteristics. This information wii1 serve as a map in letting you know what is ahead. More market information can be found in: --Library listings of trade associations and journals. --Regional planning organizations' studies on growth trends. --Banks, realtors and insurance companies. --Competitors. --Customer surveys in your market area. Once you have obtained and analyzed this information, it will become the foundation of your business plan. Research information is important because it supports the basic assumptions in your financial projection--your reason for going into business. 45. ______ To be successful, a small business owner must know the market. Market research is simply an orderly, objective way of learning about people--the people who will buy from you.
Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) The clue lies in the Japanese name that has been adopted for them around the world: tsunami. (46) Formed from the characters for harbour and wave, and commemorated in the 19th-century woodblock print by Hokusai that decorates so many books and articles about the subject, the word shows that these sudden, devastating waves have mainly in the past occurred in the Pacific Ocean, ringed as it is by volcanoes and earthquake zones. Thanks to one tsunami in 1946 that killed 165 people, mainly in Hawaii, the countries around the Pacific have shared a tsunami warning centre ever since. (47) Those around the Indian Ocean have no such centre, being lucky enough not to have suffered many big tsunamis before and unlucky enough not to count the world' s two biggest and most technologically advanced economies, the United States and Japan, among their number. So when, on December 26th, the world's strongest earthquake in 40 years shook the region, with its epicenter under the sea near the northernmost tip of the Indonesian archipelago, there was no established mechanism to pass warnings to the countries around the ocean's shores. There would have been between 90 and 150 minutes in which to broadcasts warnings by radio, television and loudspeaker in the areas most affected, the Indonesian province of Aceh, Sri Lanka and the Indian chain of the Andaman and Nicobar islands. (48) Had such warnings been broadcast then many of the tens of thousands of lives lost would have been saved. (49) How many, nobody can know, for the task of evacuation would have been far from easy in many of these crowded, poor and low-lying coastal communities. Equally, though, it will probably never be known exactly how many people have died. (50) Whereas in many disasters the initial estimates of fatalities prove too high, the opposite is occurring in this case.
[考点解析] 本句重点考查以下语言点的正确理解和翻译:过去分词短语“Formed...and commemorated...about the subject”放在句首作状语;上述过去分词短语中“that”一词引导的定语从句;主句中“that”引导的宾语从句;以及过去分词短语“ringed as it is by volcanoes and earthquake zones”作定语。
[考点解析] 本句重点考查代词“those”和现在分词短语“being lucky...among their number”作伴随状语。
3.
如果这种预警被广播,成千上万丧失的生命也许会得到挽救
[考点解析] 本句重点考查“Had such warnings been broadcast(=if such warnings had been broadcast)...would have been saved”这一虚拟语气的正确理解和翻译。
4.
无人能够知道多少人会得到挽救,因为在许多这些拥挤、贫穷且地势低洼的沿海社区疏散撤离工作远非易事。
[考点解析] 本句重点考查连词“for”,引导的原因状语从句的正确理解和翻译。
5.
以往在许多灾难中最初的死亡估计数字显得过高,而在这一次灾难中情况却相反。
[考点解析] 本句重点考查连词“whereas”引导的状语从句的正确理解和翻译。
Section Ⅲ Writing
Part A
1. Directions: A chemical plant should be responsible for the water pollution in a nearby river. Write a letter to the City Environment Protection Agency to 注:投诉信是应用文命题的重点之一。 1) state the present situation, 2) suggest ways to deal with the problem and 3) express your sincere hope.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not need to write the address.
[参考样文] Dear Sirs, I am writing to complain about a chemical plant which contaminates the nearby river. Every day the plant drains a surprisingly large amount of waste liquids into it. Fish, which lived a few years ago in it, cannot be seen now. The water in it has become yellow and gives off a strong smell. The local residents suffer a great deal from the polluted water. I think the local authorities should adopt several strong measures to deal with the public hazard. In the first place, it is necessary to prohibit the plant from discharging waste water into the river before it is purified. Secondly, a series of environment protection rules and regulations need to be laid down. Those who violate them deserve to be fined heavily. Hoping the problem will be dealt with properly as soon as possible. Thanks for your attention. Sincerely yours, Li Ming (137 words)
Part B
1. Directions: Write an essay of about 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In this essay, you should: 1) describe the picture briefly, 2) interpret the meaning, and 3) give your comment.
[参考范文]: How depressing the picture above looks! A boy is locked into a cage, deprived of any leisure activities such as hill climbing, hiking or playing football, for his father forces his son to learn English or play the piano at weekend. Doesn't the conflict between the father and his son best highlight a thought-provoking phenomenon in our child education? Some parents tend to overlook the fact that leisure activities are not only necessary, but also indispensable for the healthy growth of a child. In-stead, they seldom put the feeling or emotion of their children in priority and their sons and daughters are always forced to do something that they disgust. Should such a situation go un-leashed, their children will probably be deprived of any leisure moment, thus losing their interest to learn or create. In a word, in view of the complexity of the child education, it is essential for parents to treat children's emotions and desire seriously. After all, it really matters that we secure a child's happy and harmonious life, instead of providing them with a monotonous and de-pressing education.