Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) The Bible is the great work of the religious literature and was in process of formation for about twelve hundred years. The Bible is composed of 1 , legend, biography, genealogies, ethics, law, proverbial wisdom, sermons, prophesy, lyric poetry, hymns and theology. It is not only 2 a book but a 3 of books. The Bible 4 two major 5 , the Old Testament and the NewTestament. The Old Testament was written originally almost entirely 6 Hebrew with a little Aramaic, from the eleventh to the second century BC. It is the national 7 literature of the people of Israel. The New Testament was written in Greek from about 40 AD to 150. It 8 the earliest documents 8 the life, teaching, crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus and the establishment of the 9 church. The 10 work is from the first book Genesis, to the last,Revelations. The 11 and richness of the Bible 12 literature 13 the OldTestament are unparalleled. In the literary 14 , poetry, The Bible is 16 . The Bible is an assemblage of literature. It is in a unique 15 among the world's books 16 the richness of its 17 and spiritual values. It can be called the 18 of books.
1.
A.fiction
B.history
C.novel
D.drama
A B C D
B
[考点解析] 本题考查点是语境推断能力。本题空白处前面的句子(全文第一句)是本题正确答案的提示点。该句中的“The Bible…was in process of formation for about twelve hundred years(《圣经》约有一千二百年的形成过程)”提示本题应选用B(history历史)，因为该选项表达了“一千二百年”这一漫长历史概念。
[考点解析] 本题考查点是语境推断知识。本题空白处前面的信息内容“It is not only a book(《圣经》不仅仅是一本书)”提示本题应选用A(collection全集)，因为这样才能表达本句所要表达之意：《圣经》不仅仅是一本书，而是“多”本书构成的“全集(collection)”。
4.
A.makes
B.moderates
C.comprises
D.composes
A B C D
C
[考点解析] 本题考查点是逆向推断知识。本题空白处前后的信息内容，尤其是空白处后面的信息内容“the Old Testament and the New Testament(《旧约》和《新约》)”提示本题应选用C(comprises构成)，以便表达“圣经是由《新约》和《旧约》两部分构成的”之意。众所周知，《旧约》和《新约》是构成圣经的两个部分。
5.
A.diversion
B.distinction
C.divisions
D.discrepancy
A B C D
C
[考点解析] 本题考查点是逆向推断知识。本题空白处前后的信息内容，尤其是空白处后面的信息内容“the Old Testament and the New Testament(《旧约》和《新约》)”提示本题应该选用C(divisions部分)，因为这样才能表达本句的含义：圣经由《旧约》和《新约》两个部分构成。
[考点解析] 本题考查点是语境推断知识。本句前面一句中的信息内容“The diversity and richness of the Bible…are unparalled(《圣经》的丰富多彩是前所未有的)”提示本题应该选用D(surpassing无比的，非凡的)，因为只有这样才能使句子之间保持连贯和一致。
[考点解析] 本题考查点是语境推断知识。本文首句中的信息内容(The Bible is the great work of the religious literature《圣经》是一部宗教文学巨著)以及本文尾段首句的信息内容(The Bible is an assemblage of literature《圣经》是一部综合性的文学著作)均提示本题应选用B(artistic艺术的)，因为这样才能使全文前后语意连贯一致。
20.
A.chapter
B.poem
C.romance
D.book
A B C D
D
[考点解析] 本题考查点是语境推断知识。本题空白处前面一句的信息内容(It is in a unique position among the world's books《圣经》在世界书籍中占有独特的地位)提示本题应该选D(book书)，以便使句子之间的关系在语意上保持连贯一致，并且表达《圣经》在世界书籍中的地位。
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1 Like every dog, every disease now seems to have its day. World Tuberculosis (infections disease in which growths appear on the lungs) Day is on Saturday March 24th. Tuberculosis was once terribly fashionable. Dying of "consumption" seems to have been a favorite activity of garret-dwelling 19th-century artists, h has, however, been neglected of late. Researchers in the field never tire of pointing out that TB kills a lot of people. According to figures released earlier this week by the World Health Organization, 1.6 million people died of the disease in 2005, compared with about 3m for AIDS and l m for malaria. But it receives only a fraction of the research budget devoted to AIDS. America's National Institutes of Health, for example, spends 20 times as much on AIDS as on TB. Nevertheless, everyone seems to getting in on the TB-day act this year. The Global Fund an international organization responsible fur fighting all three diseases but best known for its work on AIDS, has used the occasion to trumpet its tuberculosis projects. The fund claims that its anti-TB activities since it opened for business in 2002 have saved the lives of over 1m people. The World Health Organization has issued a report that contains some good news. Although the number of TB cases is still rising, the rate of illness seems to have stabilized; the caseload, in other words, is growing only because the population itself is going up. Even drug companies are involved. In the nm-up to the day itself, Eli Lilly announced a $ 50m boost to its MDRTB Global Partnership. MDR stands for multi-drug resistance, and it is one of the reasons why TB is back in the limelight. Careless treatment has caused drug-resistant strains to evolve all over the world. The course of drugs needed to clear the disease completely takes six mouths, anti persuading people lo stay that course once their symptoms have gone is hard. Unfortunately, those infected with MDR have to be treated with less effective, more poisonous and more costly drugs. Naturally, these provoke still more. non-compliance and thus still more evolution. The other reason TB is back is its relationship to AIDS. The (global Fund's joint responsibility for the diseases is no coincidence. AIDS does not kill directly. Rather, HIV, the virus that causes it, weakens the body's immune system and exposes the sufferer to secondary infections. Of these, TB is one of the most serious. It kills 200 000 AIDS patients a year. However, some anti-TB drugs interfere with the effect of some anti-HIV drugs. Conversely, in about 20% of cases where a patient has both diseases, anti-HIV drugs make the tuberculosis worse. The upshot is that 125 years after human beings worked out what caused TB, it is still a serious threat.
1. The first sentence "Like every dog, every disease now seems to have its day." means ______.
A.every dog enjoys good luck or success sooner or later.
B.human beings can deal with problems caused by disease.
C.Tuberculosis becomes a serious infectious disease.
D.people attach importance to Tuberculosis recently.
A B C D
D
[直击题眼] 第一段：Like every dog，every disease now seems to have its day．World Tuberculosis Day is on Saturday March 24th．第二段：．．．．Nevertheless，everyone seems to getting in on the TB-day act this year．第三段：The Global Fund，…has used the occasion to trumpet its tuberculosis projects．第四段：Even drug companies are involved． [深层剖析] 本题用英文谚语的形式来考查学生对文章开篇的理解，这与2004年真题第3篇文章(《美国经济发展放缓》)第1题的出题思路一致。本题既考查学生对于英语谚语的理解，同时也考查学生对文章主旨的把握，即：人们最近对肺结核病十分关注。◆注意：此类型题是文章开篇常考题，这种由英语文化背景等相关知识引出主旨的模式要熟练掌握。 [主干扰项分析] [A]是对成语every dog has its day的英文字面意思解释，不是本段引用该谚语的目的所在； [B]选项貌似主旨，但与第一句的意思有所偏差。虽然人们开始关注肺结核病的问题了，但并不意味着我们已经解决了此问题。◆注意：这种选项是对原文意思的延伸，干扰性极强。 [次干扰项分析] [C]认为肺结核病已经成为一种极其严重的传染病了，文章第一段确实提到了“infectious disease in which growths appear on the lungs”，但此内容仅仅是对Tuberculosis一词的解释。虽然众所周知，肺结核病是一种烈性传染病，但这与第一句话无关。◆谨记：正确的观点不一定是正确的答案，错误的观点也未必是错误的选项。
2. By referring to AIDS in Paragraph 2, the author intends to show ______.
A.the US government is reluctant to spend millions of dollars for Tuberculosis.
B.the death rate of AIDS is higher ,than that of Tuberculosis.
C.the officials did not pay much attention to the research of Tuberculosis in the past.
D.compared with AIDS, Tuberculosis can be cured effectively.
A B C D
C
[直击题眼] 第二段第五句：According to figures released．．．1.6 million people died of the disease in 2005， compared with about 3m for AIDS and 1m for malaria。But it receives only a fraction of the research budget devoted to AIDS．America's National Institutes of Health．．．spends 20 times as much on AIDS as on TB. Nevertheless… [深层剖析] 本题考查了英文文章一种常见的举例形式：通过对比三种疾病的死亡人数(1.6m for TB，3m for AIDS and 1m for malaria)和政府投入的经费(it receives only a fraction of the research budget devoted to AIDS)，意在突出肺结核病的严重性，但政府缺少关注。同时，在选项[C]中提到in the past正符合作者意图，因为在后半句中有转折nevertheless．．．表明现在的情况。◆注意：此类型题是常考题，这种对比议论的英语思维模式要重点掌握。 [主干扰项分析] 从文中可知政府不是不愿意花钱研究肺结核病，而是因为他们以前没有意识到其严重性。一旦意识到了，全社会都会关注此事，后文中提到的药商的例子正说明此问题。同时，根据此段末句中的转折连词nevertheless之后提到this year的情况知道这种现象已有所好转，故[A]错误。[B]“艾滋病的死亡率比肺结核病的死亡率高”是针对此段第三句和第四句出题。文中说的是死于这三种疾病的人数，并非死亡率。◆注意：这是对概念的偷梁换柱，并且例子本身非答案，例子前后是考点。 [次干扰项分析] [D]中cured effectively指肺结核病比艾滋病更容易彻底治愈，这是一个生活常识，很多考生在没有仔细阅读文章的情况下会主观臆断。但此观点文中却未论述，而且也不是文章的主旨。
3. Which of the following best defines the word "upshot" (Line 5, Paragraph 5 )?
A.Outcome.
B.Uphold.
C.Achievement.
D.Project.
A B C D
A
[直击题眼] 第五段最后三句：However，some anti-TB drugs interfere with the effect of some anti-HIV drugs． Conversely，in about 20％ of cases where a patient has both diseases，anti-HIV drugs make the tuberculosis worse. The upshot is that 125 years after human beings worked out what caused TB，it is still a serious threat． [深层剖析] 本题在考查考生词汇知识的同时，也考查大家对全文结尾处语言逻辑关系的理解。全文倒数第三句和前文是转折关系；倒数第二句话和倒数第三句是对比关系；最后一句和其前面两个句子之间的关系恰恰是本题的关键所在。根据句意“然而，一些抗肺结核药物会对某些抗HIV药物的功能产生影响。相反，那些同时患有肺结核病和艾滋病的病人中，有20％的案例是抗HIV药物加剧了肺结核病的病情。从人们发现肺结核病的起因到现在已经有125年了，但这种疾病至今仍严重地威胁着人类的健康。”我们可以判断出最后一句和其前文为因果关系。并且字典中对upshot解释为the final result，所以选[A]Outcome。◆注意：此题虽然看似不难，但此类型题是将两种出题思路结合在一起，换在其他文章中，可能难度会很大，要小心作答。 [主干扰项分析] [C]achievement有两个主要意思，其一为action of achieving“完成，达到”，其二为“成绩，成就”，如scientific achievement科学成就。achievement与outcome相比，常表示一种好的结果。outcome作为一种结果比result要强烈，表示最终结果或原因，作用了较长一段时间以后的结果。 [次干扰项分析] [B]和[D]不合文意，错误。
4. Eli Lilly devoted itself to MDR-TB, because ______.
A.TB kills more and more AIDS patients.
B.TB has something to do with AIDS.
C.multi-drug resistance makes Tuberculosis fashionable again.
D.Eli Lilly is a member of the MDR-TB Global Partnership.
A B C D
C
[直击题眼] 第四段Even drug companies are involved．In the run-up to the day itself，Eli Lilly announced a $ 50m boost to its MDR-TB Global Partnership.…it is one of the reasons why TB is back in the limelight．Careless treatment has caused drug-resistant strains to evolve all over the world．和第五段开头：The other reason TB is back is its relationship to AIDS． [深层剖析] 本题从逻辑推理角度考查语句之间的因果关系。从文章结尾两段我们可以得知，人们开始越来越多地关注肺结核病，主要有两个原因：一、抗药性的产生；二、很多艾滋病患者死于肺结核病。而礼来制药公司之所以致力于此研究正是基于这两个原因。[C]恰如其分地表达了这个意思。 [主干扰项分析] [A]完全符合文中的意思，但所问非所答。◆谨记：正确的观点不一定是正确的答案，错误的观点也未必是错误的选项。 [次干扰项分析] [B]中谈到艾滋病与肺结核病有密切关系，这样的选项太泛泛。[D]谈到礼来公司是全球抗多药抗药性结核病合作组织的成员，这只能表明其身份，但不能说具备这种身份的公司一定会研究多药抗药性肺结核病。◆注意：这是一个关手“条件与结果”和“充分性与必要性”的选项，难度较大。
5. Which of the following proverbs is closest in meaning to the message the text tries to convey?
A.Forgive and forget.
B.Forgotten, but not gone.
C.When the wound is healed, the pain is forgotten.
Text 2 Many things make people think artists are weird—the odd hours, the nonconformity, the clove cigarettes. However, the weirdest may be this: artists' only jobs are to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel lousy. This wasn't always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere in the 19th century, more artists began seeing happiness as insipid, phony or, worst of all, boring. In the 20th century, classical music became more atonal, visual art more unsettling. Sure, there have been exceptions, but it would not be a stretch to say that for the past century or so, serious art has been at war with happiness. In 1824, Beethoven completed his " Ode to Joy " . In 1962, novelist Anthony Burgess used it in A Clockwork Orange as the favorite music of his ultra-violent antihero. You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modem times have seen such misery. But the reason may actually be just the opposite: there is too much happiness in the world today. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in peril and that they would someday be meat for worms. Today the messages that the average Westerner is bombarded with are not religious but commercial, and relentlessly happy. Since these messages have an agenda—to pry our wallets from our pockets—they make the very idea of happiness seem bogus. " Celebrate! " commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attack. What we forget—what our economy depends on us forgetting—is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need someone to tell us that it is OK not to be happy, that sadness makes happiness deeper. As the wine connoisseur movie Sideways tells us, it is the kiss of decay and mortality that makes grape juice into Pinot Noir. We need art to tell us, as religion once did, that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It's a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, is a breath of fresh air.
1. What is the strangest about artists?
A.They wear special clothes.
B.They rarely work in the daytime.
C.They mainly depict distressing things.
D.They are liable to take illegal drugs.
A B C D
C
[解析] 细节题。原文第一句话就说，很多事情致使人们觉得艺术家们怪诞诡异…然而最古怪的也许还是下面这个现象：他们唯一的工作就是探究各种情感，而他们所选择的探究重点却是那些令人不快的情感。这道题考查的其实就是考生对词汇lousy的理解，该词意为very painful or unpleasant“非常痛苦的或不愉快的”，因此，正确答案应该是C选项。
2. The example that " Ode to Joy " was used in Burgess's novel is meant to illustrate that______.
A.musicians and novelists share similar artistic taste
B.violent people have a strong desire to be happy
C.serious art is often contradictory with happiness
5. What does the author imply with the movie Sideways?
A.Happiness can be found through pains and efforts.
B.Happiness comes when everything dies.
C.Happiness makes sadness deeper.
D.Happiness is not a good thing.
A B C D
A
[解析] 推理题。文章末段提到，正如品酒影片《杯酒人生》告诉我们的那样，把葡萄汁变成黑比诺葡萄酒的恰恰是腐坏和死亡之物。这句话以as“正如”开头，和前面一句话应该是对等关系，其实就是sadness makes happiness deeper的比喻，说明快乐和痛苦的关系，与文章主题相扣。因此A选项是正确答案。
Text 3 All animals must rest, but do they really sleep as we know it? The answer to this question seems obvious. If an animal regularly stops its activities and stays quiet and unmoving—if it looks as though it is sleeping—then why not simply assume that it is in fact sleeping? But how can observers be sure that an animal is sleeping? They can watch the animal and notice whether its eyes are open or closed, whether it is active or lying quietly, and whether it responds to light or sound. These factors are important clues, but they often are not enough. Horses and cows, for example, rarely close their eyes, and fish and snakes cannot close them. Yet this does not necessarily mean that they do not sleep. Have you ever seen a cat dozing with an eye partly open? Even humans have occasionally been observed to sleep with one or both eyes partially open. Animals do not necessarily lie down to sleep either. Elephants, for example, often sleep standing up, with their tusks resting in the fork of a tree. Finally, while "sleeping" animals often seem unaware of changes in the sounds and light and other stimuli around them, that does not really prove they are sleeping either. Observations of animal behavior alone cannot fully answer the question of whether or not animals sleep. The answers come from doing experiments in "sleep laboratories" using a machine called the electroencephalograph (EEC). The machine is connected to animals and measures their brain signals, breathing, heartbeat, and muscle activity. The measurements are different when the animals appear to be sleeping than when they appear to be awake. Using the EEC, scientists have confirmed that all birds and mammals studied in laboratories do sleep. There is some evidence that reptiles, such as snakes and turtles, do not truly sleep, although they do have periods of rest each day, in which they are quiet and unmoving. They also have discovered that some animals, like chimpanzees, cats, and moles (who live underground), are good sleepers while others, like sheep, goats, and donkeys, are poor sleepers. Interestingly, the good sleepers are nearly all hunters with resting places that are safe from their enemies. Nearly all the poor sleepers are animals hunted by other animals: they must always be watching for enemies, even when they are resting.
1. According to the author, all animals______.
A.spend some time resting
B.close their eyes when sleeping
C.are good sleepers
D.are poor sleepers
A B C D
A
答案A(all animals must spend．some time resting)跟第一段的首句A11 animals must rest意思相同。
2. The statement, "Horses and cows, for example, rarely close their eyes" aims to show that______.
A.these animals rarely need any rest
B.they almost always keep alert to danger
C.they often stay awake
D.their eyes are rarely closed even when they are asleep
3. How can researchers in "sleep laboratories" tell that the animals they are observing are asleep or not?
A.They see if the animals respond to light and sound.
B.They do this by observing changes in the animals' brain signals, breathing, heartbeat, and muscle activity.
C.They see if the animals' eyes are closed.
D.They can tell this by seeing if the animals lie down or not.
A B C D
B
从第三段“The answers come from…than when they appear to be awake．”可知，研究人员用一种叫做EEC的机器测量脑信号、呼吸、心跳和肌肉活动，以判断它们是否在睡觉，因为动物睡觉时和醒着时，测量结果是不一样的。
4. According to the research findings mentioned in the passage, reptiles______.
A.such as turtles and snakes cannot close their eyes
B.cannot be studied with an EEC
C.do not sleep in the true sense of the word
D.do not need to rest
A B C D
C
答案C的意思与第三段中的do not truly sleep的意思完全吻合。
5. Animals that are good sleepers______.
A.need to have a good sleep after they have exhausted themselves by getting rid of hunting animals
B.need to have a good sleep after they get tired from hunting other animals
C.are all mammals
D.almost always have a safe resting place
A B C D
D
根据第三段中句子“Interestingly，the good…from their enemies”可知，能睡觉的动物都是有安全休息地点的捕食者，所以选D。其余选项都不正确。
Text 4 The collapse of Enron, the largest bankruptcy in American history, has rung out a banner year for American business failures. In Europe, the fallout from the Swissair and Sabena insolvencies continues. In the current global slump, more companies are likely to go under. Now is a perfect time to reconsider how to handle such failures: let them sink, or give them a chance to swim? In America, bankruptcy has come to mean a second chance for bust businesses. The famous "Chapter 11" law aims to give a company time to get back on its feet, by shielding it from debt payments and prodding banks to negotiate with their debtor. It even allows an insolvent company to receive fresh finance after it goes bust. On the other side of the Atlantic, when companies stumble, almost as much effort is spent in fingering the guilty as in trying to salvage a viable business. British and French laws, for example, can make a failing company's directors face criminal penalties and personal liability. Moreover, bankers have the power, at the first sign of trouble, to push a company into the arms of the receivers. Some modest changes are afoot, however. Britain is considering moves that would bring its rules closer to America's. New laws in Germany should also make it easier to revive sick companies, although trade unions still have their say. But even with the arrival of the euro and moves towards a single financial market, going bust in Europe is a strictly local affair. Long before America had a single currency, the American constitution provided uniform bankruptcy laws, observes Elizabeth Warren of the Harvard Law School. Europe's patchwork of national laws, according to Bill Brandt of " Development Specialists", a consultancy, inhibits lending and makes it difficult to fix ailing firms. Transatlantic insolvencies are even harder, as a Belgian-based software company, Lernout and Hauspie, discovered this year. Its American reorganization plan was thwarted by a Belgian judge, who ordered a sale of the firm's assets. As the European Union inches toward greater harmonization, should it try to mimic America? Critics of Chapter 11 think not. They argue that America's bankruptcy system is wasteful, lets failed managers go unpunished, and gives some companies an unfair advantage. In Chapter 11, admittedly, lawyers and advisers gobble up fees, but a recent study argues that the fees are no larger than those for most mergers and acquisitions. One common complaint, that managers enjoy the high life while creditors go begging, fails to stand up to the data from America's previous wave of bankruptcies in the early 1990s. Stuart Gilson of the Harvard Business School found that more than two-thirds of top managers were ousted within two years of a bankruptcy filing. More troubling is that some American firms seem to enjoy second and third trips to bankruptcy court, cheekily termed Chapters 22 and 33. Some see this as evidence that, ton often, they use Chapter 11 to keep running. But there is more to the story.
1. The ease of Enron bankruptcy______.
A.triggers grand-scale economic recession in America
B.affects the Swissair and Sabena in Europe
C.marks the most dramatic economic situation in America
D.gets more companies into trouble around the world
A B C D
C
[解析] 本题解题的关键之一是准确理解各选项中动词的含义。trigger意为“引发”；affect意为“影响、波及”；mark意为“标志”；get...into trouble意为“使卷人麻烦、累及”。根据第一段，可知安然公司破产案使美国严峻的经济形势雪上加霜。另外，文中作者运用反语的修辞手法，称这一事件为rung out a bannet year for American business failures，此处ring out意为“呜钟送别”；banner意为“特别好的、杰出的”；a banner year本意为“最兴旺的一年”，此处指“美国经济衰退状况最严重的一年”。整句意为：美国最大的能源公司——安然公司的倒闭使本已萧条的美国经济更是雪上加霜。因此正确选项为C。
2. As to how to treat the bust businesses, America differs from the European countries in that______.
A.American laws forbid banks to grant loans to the failing businesses
B.American laws allow the bust companies to delay debt payments
C.European countries never let the bust companies go unpunished
D.it's more difficult for a sick company to revive in Europe than in America
A B C D
D
[解析] 依据第二段可知，美国的法律对破产公司的处理较为宽容。著名的破产法——Chaptel 11就是为了帮助那些破产公司重整旗鼓，允许破产公司不清偿债务、敦促银行与债务人进行协商，甚至允许破产公司重新得到经济援助等。从这些内容可排除A、B两个选项。第二段中作者用了on the other side of the Atlantic这样的转折词，将欧洲国家对处理同一问题的不同方法和态度进行比较。作者这样评论道：在欧洲，当一家公司破产后，法律一方面追究当事人的责任，一方面也拯救仍有复苏希望的企业(...almost as much effort is spelt in figngering the guilty asin trying to salvage a viable busihess)。因此C选项说法片面。故正确选项为D。
3. From the third paragraph we know for sure that______.
A.the arrival of the euro smoothes the way to recovery for the bust businesses
B.in America the adoption of a single currency made uniform bankruptcy laws possible
C.there's no uniform bankruptcy laws in European countries
D.in European countries bankruptcy laws are not enacted effectively
A B C D
C
[解析] 第三段重点分析了欧美在处理破产案件时采取不同的方法和态度的根源。美国早在实行单一货币之前，宪法中就有关于破产案件的统一条例(Long before Amelia had a single currency，the American constitution provided uniform bankruptey laws...)。而在欧洲，虽然已经采用了统一的欧洲货币，但是有关破产案件的处理，各国都是在各自现有法律的基础上进行修订和补充，没有统一的标准。这限制了借贷，使拯救破产公司非常困难(Europe's patchwork of n rationales...inhibits lending and makes it difficult to fix ailing firms)。故正确选项为C。
4. The word "thwarted" in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to______.
A.to accuse the lawyers and advisers of making big money by helping those insolvent companies
B.to introduce the changes of the bankruptcy law—Chapter 11
C.to prove the accusation is groundless that the managers of bust businesses lead a comfortable life at the cost of creditors
D.to argue that the European Union should not follow the American example in their effort to revive sick companies
A B C D
D
[解析] 本题是段落主旨题。解题时考生要注意段落之间的衔接和连贯。第四段末作者提出问题——在处理破产案件时，为了更好地处理惩罚与援助之间的矛盾，欧洲是否应该模仿美国的做法(As the Eurppean union inches Ioward greater harmonization，should it try to mimic America)?第五段承上启下地回答了这个问题(Crities of chapter 11 think not)。此后作者引述了反对派提出的各种理由，充分说明模仿美国的做法是不可取的。A、B、C三个选项都是具体的论据或事实。只有D选项概括了本段的中心观点。故正确选项为D。
Part B Directions: You are going to read a text about how to keep your job, followed by a list of important examples. Choose the best examples from the list A - F for each numbered subheading (41-45). There is one extra examples which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) [A] Advertisements add interests to life [B] Advertisements help to save money [C] Criticisms on advertisers [D] Usefulness of small advertisements [E] True aesthetic value of advertisement [F] Informing: the chief function of advertising 41__________ Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they're always coming in for criticism. Their critics seem to resent them because they have a flair for self-promotion and because they have so much money to throw around. "It's iniquitous," they say, "that this entirely unproductive industry (if we can call it that) should absorb millions of pounds each year. It only goes to show how much profit the big companies are making. Why don't they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods? After all, it's the consumer who pay..." 42__________ The poor old consumer! He'd have to pay a great deal more if advertising didn't create mass markets for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods derives largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc. , from an advertisement. 43__________ Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are, too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway laws while waiting for a train? Would you like to read only closely-printed columns of news in your daily paper? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a drab wall or newspaper full of the daily ration of calamities. 44__________ We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not subsist without this source of revenue. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programs is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price! 45__________ Another thing we mustn't forget is the "small ads." which are in virtually every newspaper and magazine. What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. For instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death in what used to be called the "hatch, match and dispatch" columns; but by far the most fascinating section is the personal or "agony" column. No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. It's the best advertisement for advertising there is !
Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) Researchers investigating brain size and mental ability say their work offers evidence that education protects the mind from the brain's physical deterioration. (46) is known that the brain shrinks as the body ages, but the effects on mental ability are different from person to person. Interestingly, in a study of elderly men and women, those who had more education actually had more brain shrinkage. "That may seem like bad news," said study author Dr. Edward Coffey, a professor of psychiatry and of neurology at Henry Ford Health System in Detroit. (47) However, he explained, the finding suggests that education allows people to withstand more brain tissue loss before their mental functioning begins to break down.. The study, published in the July issue of Neurology, is the first to provide biological evidence to support a concept called the "reserve" hypothesis, according to the researchers. In recent years, investigators have developed the idea that people who are more educated have greater cognitive reserves to draw upon as the brain ages; in essence, they have more brain tissue to spare. (48) Examining brain scans of 320 healthy men and women aged 66 to 90, researchers found that for each year of education the subjects had, there was greater shrinkage of the outer layer of the brain known as the cortex. Yet on tests of cognition and memory, all participants scored in the range indicating normal. "Everyone has some degree of brain shrinkage," Coffey said. "People lose (on average) 2.5 percent per decade starting in adulthood." There is, however, a "remarkable range" of shrinkage among people who show no signs of mental decline, Coffey noted. Overall health, he said, accounts for some differences in brain size. Alcohol or drug use, as well as medical conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure, contribute to brain tissue loss throughout adulthood. In the absence of such medical conditions, Coffey said, education level helps explain the range of brain shrinkage exhibited among the mentally-fit elderly. The more-educated can withstand greater loss. (49) Coffey and colleagues gauged shrinkage of the cortex by measuring the cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the brain. The greater the amount of fluid, the greater the cortical shrinkage. Controlling for the health factors that contribute to brain injury, the researchers found that education was related to the severity of brain shrinkage. For each year of education from first grade on, subjects had an average of 1.77 milliliters more cerebrospinal fluid around the brain. Just how education might affect brain cells is unknown. (50) In their report, the researchers speculated that in people with more education, certain brain structures deeper than the cortex may stay intact to compensate for cortical shrinkage.
1.
众所周知，大脑随着年龄的增长而萎缩，但是这对智力方面的影响却因人而异。
[结构分析] 句子框架是It is known that the brain shrinks as the body ages，but the effects．．．are different from person to person。这是由but连接的两个并列句，意思转折，前一句是个主语从句，it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语，it is known翻译为“众所周知”。
[结构分析] 句子框架是However，he explained，the finding suggests that education allows people to withstand．．．before their mental functioning begins to break down。he explained是插入语。that引导宾语从句，在此从句中包含了一个由before引导的时间状语从句；suggest这里意思是“表明，显示”， break own翻译为“崩溃”。
[结构分析] 句子框架是Examining rain cans...,researchers found that...there was greater shrink age of the outer layer of the brain known as the cortex(脑皮层)。examining...是现在分词结构作时间状语，that引导宾语从句，此从句是个there be句型；the subjects had作为定语从句修饰education；known as the cortex作定语，修饰the outer layer of the brain。
[结构分析] 句子框架是Coffey and colleagues gauged shrinkage of the cortex by measuring the cerebrospinal fluid(脑脊液)surrounding the brain．The greater the amount of fluid，the greater the cortical(脑皮层的)shrinkage。前一句是个简单句，直译即可，其中介词by引导的部分作方式状语；surrounding the brain现在分词作定语修饰fluid；后一句是the more...the more．．．句型。
[结构分析] 句子框架是In their report，the researchers speculated that．．．，certain brain structures．．． may stay intact to compensate for cortical shrinkage。本句中含有一个宾语从句，宾语从句中，比较级 deeper than the cortex修饰主语certain brain structure；compensate for翻译为“弥补”。
Section Ⅲ Writing
Part A
1.
Dear Editor, I have been a devoted reader of your magazine Around the World ever since a friend recommended it to me three years ago. I enjoy reading the articles in your" Foreign Culture" series, which are both informative and entertaining. However, there is an error that should by no means be ignored. In the article titled This Is Australia of the May 14th edition, the estimated economic cost caused by crimes in Victoria is quoted as " $ 4 million", but it actually should be " $ 4 billion". It might be only a spelling mistake, but it could be misleading, especially to the serious readers who have a particular interest in the subject. I hope your can check it as soon as possible. Yours sincerely, Li Ming
Part B
1.
As is vividly presented in the above drawing, two men are enjoying a dish of fried beans. One man gets one by one with chopsticks without on the ground, while the other man gets three beans with chopsticks and when he is about to eat them, the beans all drop down. What is the svmbolic meaning of the drawing? By depicting this image,the drawer attempt to expose that a man who grasps at too much may lose everything. More and more similar events happened and happening areheard or reported in our society as well as life. To make the point event clearer, let's come to an example concerning a camel and the God. A camel is envying cattle born with@ two horns as well . But when he tells the God what hewants, the God unpleasantly cuts half of his nose. Judging from all evidence offered above, we may come to the conclusion that it is high time to control our appetite. What we should do now is to get what we can realize ongoingly rather than desire something in foam. Only in this way, I do believe, can we accumulate more and more.
深色：已答题 浅色：未答题