Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Drug use is rising dramatically among the nation' s youth after a decade of decline. From 1993 to 1994, marijuana use among young people 1 from 12 to 17 jumped 50 percent. One in five high school seniors 2 marijuana daily. Monitoring the Future, which 3 student drug use annually, reports that negative attitudes about drugs have declined for the fourth year in a row. 4 young people see great risk in using drugs. Mood-altering pharmaceutical drugs are 5 new popularity among young people. Ritalin, 6 as a diet pill in the 1970s and now used to 7 hyperactive children, has become a 8 drug on college campuses. A central nervous system 9 , Ritalin can cause strokes, hypertension, and seizures. Rohypnol, produced in Europe as a 10 tranquilizer, lowers inhibitions and suppresses short-term memory, which has led to some women being raped by men they are going out with. 11 taken with alcohol, its effects are greatly 12 . Rock singer Kurt Cobain collapsed from an 13 of Rohypnol and champagne a month before he committed 14 in 1994. In Florida and Texas, Rohypnol has become widely abused among teens, who see the drug as a less expensive 15 for marijuana and LSD. Alcohol and tobacco use is increasing among teenagers, 16 younger adolescents. Each year, more than one million teens become regular smokers, 17 they cannot legally purchase tobacco. By 12th grade, one in three students smokes. In 1995, one in five 14-year-olds reported smoking regularly, a 33 percent jump 18 1991. Drinking among 14-year-olds climbed 50 percent from 1992 to 1994,and all teens reported substantial increases in 19 drinking. In 1995, one in five 10th graders reported having been drunk in the past 30 days. Two-thirds of high school seniors say they know a 20 with a drinking problem.
1.
A.aged
B.aging
C.age
D.ages
A B C D
A
[解题思路] 动词搭配。aged表示“年龄在……”，作表语；aged from…to…意为“年龄在……之间”，如：Our classmates are aged from 19 to 22 years old．(我们同学的年龄在19岁到22岁之间)。
Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1 That boys and girls—and men and women—are programmed by evolution to behave differently from one another is now widely accepted. But which of the differences between the sexes are "biological", in the sense that they have been honed by evolution, and which are "cultural" or "environmental" and might more easily be altered by changed circumstances, is still fiercely debated. The sensitivity of the question was shown last year by an uproar at Harvard University. Larry Summers, then Harvard's president, caused a storm when he suggested that innate ability could be an important reason why there were so few women in the top positions in mathematics, engineering and the physical sciences. Even as a proposition for discussion, this is unacceptable to some. But biological explanations of human behavior are making a comeback. The success of neo-Darwinism has provided an intellectual foundation for discussion about why some differences between the sexes might be innate. And new scanning techniques have enabled researchers to examine the brain's interior while it is working, showing that male and female brains do, at one level, operate differently. The results, however, do not always support past clichés about what the differences in question actually are. Another behavioral difference that has borne a huge amount of scrutiny is in mathematics, particularly since Dr Summers'comments. The problem with trying to argue that the male tendency to systemize might lead to greater mathematical ability is that, in fact, girls and boys are equally good at maths prior to teenage years. Until recently, it was believed that males outperformed females in mathematics at all ages. Today, that picture has changed, and it appears that males and females of any age are equally good at computation and at understanding mathematical concepts. However, after their mid-teens, men are better at problem solving than women are. The question raised by Dr Summers does not get to the heart of the matter. Over the past 50 years, women have made huge progress into academia and within it. Slowly, they have worked their way into the higher echelons of discipline after discipline. But some parts of the ivory tower have proved harder to occupy than others. The question remains, to what degree is the absence of women in science, mathematics and engineering caused by innate, immutable ability? Innate it may well be. That does not mean it is immutable. A variety of abilities are amenable to training in both sexes. And such training works. Biology may predispose, but it is not necessarily destiny.
1. What does the word "honed" (Line 3, Paragraph 1) most probably mean?
Text 2 In the early days of the internet, the idea that it represented an entirely new and separate realm, distinct from the real world, was seized upon by both advocates and critics of the new technology. Advocates liked the idea that the virtual world was a placeless datasphere, liberated from constraints and restrictions of the real world, and an opportunity for a fresh start. For instance, John Perry Barlow, an internet activist, issued the "Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace" in February 1996. He thundered, "Governments of the industrial world, I come from cyberspace, the new home of mind. Cyberspace does not lie within your borders. We are creating a world that all may enter without privilege or prejudice accorded by race, economic power, military force, or station of birth." Where Mr. Barlow and other cyber-Utopians found the separation between the real and virtual worlds exciting, however, critics regarded it as a cause for concern. They worried that people were spending too much time online, communicating with people they had never even met in person in chat rooms, virtual game worlds and, more recently, on social-networking sites such as MySpace and Facebook. A study carried out by the Stanford Institute for the Quantitative Study of Society in 2000, for example, found that heavy internet users spent less time talking to friends and family, and warned that the internet could be "the ultimate isolating technology". Both groups were wrong, of course. The internet has not turned out to be a thing apart. Unpleasant aspects of the real world, such as taxes, censorship, crime and fraud are now features of the virtual world, too. Garners who make real money selling swords, gold and other items in virtual game worlds may now find that the tax man wants to know about it. Designers of virtual objects in Second Life, an online virtual world, are resorting to real-world lawsuits in order to protect their intellectual property. At the same time, however, some of the most exciting uses of the internet rely on coupling it with the real world. Social networking allows people to stay in touch with their friends online, and plan social activities in the real world. The distinction between online and offline chatter ceases to matter. Or consider Google Earth, which puts satellite images of the whole world on your desktop and allows users to link online data with specific physical locations. All these approaches treat the internet as an extension or an attachment to the physical world, not a separate space. Rather than seeing the real and virtual realms as distinct and conflicting, in short, it makes sense to see them as complementary and connected. The resulting fusion is not what the Utopians or the critics foresaw, but it suits the rest of us just fine.
1. According to the first paragraph, internet advocates believed that______.
A.the internet stood for progress of the technology
B.virtual realm was a world without boundaries
C.cyberspace liberated the real world
D.cyberspace could be entered by anyone for free
A B C D
B
[试题类型] 具体信息题。 [解题思路] 根据题干要求定位至第一段。该段指出，互联网的支持者认为虚拟世界是一个无边界的数字王国(a placeless datasphere)，这与选项[B]中的a world without boundaries是同义表达，故正确选项为[B]。 [干扰排除] 本段没有提及互联网是否代表着技术的进步，故排除选项[A]。该段提到虚拟世界摆脱了现实世界中的束缚和限制(...the virtual would...liberated from constraints and restrictions of the real world)，而非虚拟世界解放了现实世界，故排除选项[C]。本段句末提到，虚拟世界是任何人都能进入的没有偏见和特权的世界(...a world that all may enter...)，而非任何人都可以免费(for free)进入的，故排除选项[D]。
2. Why is John Perry Barlow mentioned in Paragraph 1?
A.To criticize governments of industrial countries.
B.To show the influence of the internet.
C.To advocate the equality for all.
D.To illustrate the advocates' favor to cyberspace.
3. The passage suggests that critics of the new technology______.
A.were concerned about the separation of people from the real world
B.worried that friends would never meet in person
C.were concerned that people were too engaged in social networks
D.would believe the internet could isolate people online
A B C D
A
[试题类型] 推理引申题。 [解题思路] 本题就互联网批评者的观点设问。文章第二段指出了互联网批评者的担忧，即许多人在网上花费了太多的时间(They worried that people were spending too much time online...)，这会减少他们与家人、朋友交流的时间。并以2000年斯坦福社会定量研究所的研究证明这种担忧：互联网可能将人与真实的世界分隔开，成为“最终让人孤立的技术”(the ultimate isolating technology)。由此可知，选项[A]最符合文意。 [干扰排除] 选项[B]根据第二段第二句中in person设置干扰，该句指出人们花费太多时间与索未谋面的对象在网上交流，会使与家人、朋友交流的时间减少，并不是说朋友会永远不见面，故排除选项[B]。文中提到，批评者担心人们花费在社交网站(social-networking sites)的时间过多，而不是社交圈子(social networks)，故排除选项[C]。批评者认为互联网可能将人与真实世界隔离开，而不是将上网的人分离开，故排除选项[D]。
4. It can be inferred from the passage that______.
A.virtual world is free from the dark sides of the real world
B.there is no difference between chatting online and offline now
C.people's activities online can also affect their real world activities
D.people who make real money in virtual games have to pay taxes
A B C D
C
[试题类型] 推理引申题。 [解题思路] 第三、四段提到，游戏卖家在虚拟世界赚取现金受到了税务人员的关注(Gamers who make real money...find that the tax man...)，虚拟世界中物品的设计者通过现实世界的法律手段保护自已的知识产权(Designers of virtual objects...are resorting to real-world lawsuits...)。由此可见，人们在网络上的活动也会影响他们在真实世界的活动，故正确选项为[C]。 [干扰排除] 第三段句首提到，现实生活中令人不满的方面，在虚拟世界中也同样存在(Unpleasant aspects of the real world...are now features of the virtual world)，由此可排除选项[A]。第四段提到，社交网络让用户在网上交流，同时安排一些线下的社交活动，从而使线上交流和线下交流的区别变得无关紧要(ceases to matter)，但并不是说这种区别已经不存在了(there is no difference...)，故排除选项[B]。第三段提到，一些游戏玩家在虚拟世界赚了钱，这使税务人员想要了解他们赚钱的情况，但没有提到这些游戏玩家现在就要上缴所得税，故排除选项[D]。
5. From the passage we can find that the author______.
A.supports both advocates and critics of the internet
B.believes that the real and virtual worlds are interdependent
C.is opposed to the fusion of the internet with the physical world
D.argues that real and virtual worlds are distinct and conflicting
A B C D
B
[试题类型] 观点态度题。 [解题思路] 由最后一段可知，作者认为虚拟世界与现实世界是相互联系并互为补充的(...it makes sense to see them as complementary and connected)，即二者是相互依存的，故正确选项为[B]。 [干扰排除] 第三段第一句作者指出，互联网的批评者和支持者都不正确(Both groups were wrong)，由此可排除选项[A]。文末指出，虚拟世界与真实世界的融合对于我们来说正合适(...it suits the rest of us just fine)，即作者支持互联网与真实世界的融合，故排除选项[C]。最后一段指出，现实世界与虚拟世界不是截然不同、相互冲突的，而是互相联系、互为补充的，故排除选项[D]。
Text 3 The road to controlling population growth in the 20th century was paved with good intentions and unpleasant policies that did not work, a new book argues an historian who grew up as the youngest of eight children might well be expected to approach the question of whether the world is overpopulated from an unusual angle. Matthew Connelly, a professor at Columbia University, dedicates his study of those who thought the planet had too many people and tried to do something about it to his parents, "for having so many children". Yet, he assures the reader, it Was not his personal experience of large families that drew him to the subject. Mr. Connelly's mentor, Paul Kennedy of Yale University, believed it was necessary to look beyond great-power rivalries to understand the post-cold-war era. In 1994 the pair wrote an article for Atlantic Mouthly arguing that population growth in poor countries, increasing awareness of global economic inequality and the prospect of mass migration could lead to clashes between the West and "the rest". When, years later, Mr. Connelly began his own book on population growth, he still thought of the topic as a way to offer a broader understanding of world security. He ended up writing a very different-and angry-book, one about people who looked at the human race reproducing itself and saw what a gardener sees when looking at a prize plant: something to be encouraged to bloom in some places and pruned in others. As the world population soared, the population controllers came to believe they were fighting a war, and there would be collateral damage. Millions of devices were exported to poor countries although they were known to cause infections and sterility. "Perhaps the individual patient is expendable in the general scheme of things," said a participant at a conference on the devices organized in 1962 by the Population Council, a research institute founded by John [D] Rockefeller, "particularly if the infection she acquires is sterilizing but not lethal. " Furthermore, statistical estimates suggest that as much as 90% of the reason that women have families of a particular size is simply because that is the number of children they want. Where women gained education and rights, birth rates fell. As with reproduction itself, for people to become less fruitful, desire must precede performance.
1. Which one of the following is NOT true about Matthew Connelly?
A.He is the youngest of 8 children in the family and grew up to be an historian.
B.He is expected to address the population problem from a different perspective.
C.His personal experience of large families is the reason why he wants to do research in population.
D.He wants to dedicate his research to his parents.
A B C D
C
[解析] 细节题；我们首先根据题目中的定位信息“Matthew Connelly”从原文中寻找相关信息，同时我们需要借鉴4个选项涉及的内容进行查读。A选项在原文中有直接涉及，B选项的“from a different perspective”和原文的“from an unusual angle”属于同义表达，C选项和原文的“it was not his personal experience of large families that drew him to the subject”说法相反，是我们需要的答案。D选项是对原文的“dedicates his study of those who thought the planet had too many people and tried to do something about it to his parents”的主干部分的论述，也是符合原文信息的。
2. Which one of the following is true according to Connelly's book in 19947
A.Population growth reflects the powers of great nations.
B.Population growth became a problem for human being after the cold war.
C.Population growth in underdeveloped countries may deepen economic inequality.
D.Population growth lead to different controlling policies and these policies lead to clashes.
A B C D
C
[解析] 细节题；我们根据题目中的1994这一信息点帮助我们从原文中寻找相关信息，在原文的第二段中我们可以找到这一信息点，原文的表述是这样的“Population growth in poor countries，increasing awareness of global economic inequality and the prospect of mass migration could lead to clashes between the West and‘the rest’”，比较4个选项，C选项和这里表达的意思是最接近的，是我们需要的正确答案。
3. The word "pruned" ( Line 5, Para. 3) most probably means______.
A.to foster the growth of
B.to remove from, esp. by cutting off
C.to inspire with the courage or confidence
D.to express strong disapproval of
A B C D
B
[解析] 词义题；我们首先寻找包括这个目标词汇的句子，“something to be encouraged to bloom in some places and pruned in others”，需要理解这里的目标词汇的含义，我们需要对整个段落的意思有一个了解。这里作者提到了对于发展中国家和发达国家采取不同的人口政策的问题，而这里把这一现象比作园丁的工作，说鼓励在有些地方开花，而在其他地方则______，显然我们需要的是和“开花”相反的意思，比较4个选项，B选项的意思是符合上下文的要求的，是正确答案。
4. What is the main idea of Paragraph 4 ?
A.Some elated problems arise when world population increases quickly.
B.Rapid population growth may have the potential to cause a war.
C.Many birth control methods are potentially lethal.
D.Most birth control devices would not endanger people's lives.
A B C D
A
[解析] 段落主旨题；经过对原文第四段的分析，我们可以看到，作者在这里讨论的是伴随着世界人口的迅速增加，很多问题随之出现。比较4个选项，A选项是对这种分析的一种正确诠释。B选项是对原文“they were fighting a war”所表示的各国努力应对人口问题这一意思的曲解。C选项和D选项的错误类型一样，都属于以偏概全，这两个选项讨论的都是细节问题，而不属于对段落大意的概括，而且这两个细节中，D选项的说法也是没有根据的。
5. According to the passage, what might be a better way to control population?
A.To estimate the population trend with statistics.
B.To control the size of a family as a whole.
C.To grant more education and rights to women.
D.To decrease women's ability to reproduce.
A B C D
C
[解析] 细节题；结合前面题目对原文的覆盖和考查，我们可以将这个题目定位于原文的最后一段，而在这一段中我们可以看到，“where women gained educalion and rights，birth rates fell”是我们需要的信息，也就是妇女受教育的程度越高，生育率也就相应下降。所以对于控制人口来说，C选项所表达的是一种更好的方式。
Text 4 Nuclear power's danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation. Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery about it, partly because it cannot be detected by human senses. It can't be seen or heard, or touched or tasted, even though it may be all around us. There are other things like that. For example, radio waves are all around us but we can't detect them, sense them, without a radio receiver. Similarly, we can't sense radio activity without a radiation detector. But unlike common radio waves, nuclear radiation is not harmless to human beings and other living things. At very high levels, radiation can kill an animal or human being outright by killing masses of cells in vital organs. But even the lowest levels can do serious damage. There is no level of radiation that is completely safe. If the radiation does not hit anything important, the damage may not be significant. This is the case when only a few cells are hit. And if they are killed outright, your body will replace the dead cells with healthy ones. But if the few cells are only damaged, and if they reproduce themselves, you may be in trouble. They reproduce themselves in a deformed way. They can grow into cancer. Sometimes this does not show up for many years. This is another reason for some of the mystery about nuclear radiation. Serious damage can be done without the victim being aware at the time that damage has occurred. A person can he irradiated and feel fine, then die of cancer five, ten, or twenty years later as a result. Or a child can be born weak or liable to serious illness as a result of radiation absorbed by its grandparents. Radiation can hurt us. We must know the truth.
1. According to the passage, the danger of nuclear power lies in______.
2. Radiation can cause serious consequences at the lowest level______.
A.when it kills few cells
B.if it damages the few cells
C.though the damaged cells can repair themselves
D.unless the damaged cells can reproduce themselves
A B C D
B
if it damages the few cells“如果核辐射损伤了少量的细胞”，题中的at the lowest level意为“在最低的程度”，consequences意为“后果”。 据短文中的第三段分析出，如果辐射损害了少量的细胞，而没有杀死这些细胞，其后果非常严重。因为那些受损的细胞繁衍出畸形的细胞，最终导致癌症。
3. The word "significant" in Paragraph 3 most probably means______.
A.responsible
B.meaningful
C.fatal
D.harmful
A B C D
D
harmful意为“有害的”，题中的significant意为“重大的；有意义的”。据第三段第四句：“如果辐射没有辐射到重要部位，那么损害就不大”，得知not be significant“没有意义”，即“无大碍”，也就足“无害”，因此significant的意思为harmful。
4. Radiation can hurt us in the way that it can______.
A.kill large numbers of cells in main organs so as to cause death immediately
B.damage cells which may grow into cancer years later
5. Which of the following can be best inferred from the passage?
A.The importance of protection from radiation cannot be over-emphasized.
B.The mystery about radiation remains unsolved.
C.Cancer is mainly caused by radiation.
D.Radiation can hurt those who are not aware of its danger.
A B C D
A
短文说明，防止核辐射的重要性怎么强调都不过分。
Part B Directions: You are going to read a text about how to keep your job, followed by a list of important examples. Choose the best examples from the list A - F for each numbered subheading (41-45). There is one extra examples which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) [A] In 1849 gold was discovered in California in the mountains near San Francisco. So started the famous Gold Rush of the 49ers across the vast, unexplored wilderness that lay west of the Mississippi. Whole families perished. One small group of 49ers, looking for a short cut across the Sierra Nevada Mountains, happened to enter the infamous Death Valley. It was lucky for them it was winter, for in summer Death Valley is about the hottest and most desolate place on earth. As it was, one of the group died of thirst, and it was the 49ers who gave the valley its grim name. [B] The completion of the railroad not only joined the cities of the east with California, it also brought prosperity to the isolated farmers of the plains, and to the ranchers who were now able to send their cattle to the slaughterhouses in freight cars. In fact, the new railroad became an essential life-line for a nation which now stretched 3 000 miles from the Atlantic to the Pacific Oceans. [C] As late as the 1880s a man in the Far west could be hanged for stealing a horse, yet get no more than five years in jail for robbing a bank. Ever since the pioneers went west into the unknown, they depended absolutely on their horses and their guns. If a man lost his horse or his gun in the deserts, mountains or forests of Nevada, Arizona and eastern California, he stood no chance. Hunger, thirst, a grizzly bear, a mountain lion, or hostile Indians would finish him off sooner or later. A frontiers man had to be tough, brave and resourceful in those days. [D] The colonization of the West was given a tremendous impetus by the building of the Transcontinental railroad, one of the great engineering feats of all time. Congress decided that the laying of the tracks should begin from the East and the West at the same time. So the building of this railroad lined with poles for the first east-west telegraph system, developed into a race. The Easterners, moving across the plains, progressed faster, for they did not have to tunnel through giant mountains or bridge gaping canyons. The two railroads linked up in Utah on July 10th,1867. There was great excitement, and a special ceremony to mark the occasion. [E] Deserts, mountains and forests are still the frontier between teeming Californian cities and the sparsely populated wilderness of Nevada and eastern California. Even today, Nevada has hardly more than 500 thousand inhabitants, most of whom live in the cities of Las Vegas and Reno. [F] Later, in 1865, after the Civil War, disillusioned soldiers, unable to find work, followed in the footsteps of the 49ers. They did not find much gold, but they found rich pastures for cattle. It was they who founded the USA's great food industry, and they worked with the vigor and courage of the early pioneers and with a faith fortified by the Bible. [G] Some Americans feel that the frontier spirit no longer exists in the USA. But it expressed itself in a number of ways. Americans do not like being without work, and they will travel hundreds of miles in search of a job, showing a courage and an enterprise which is unusual in most of the older European countries. Then there is the exploration of outer space. President John Kennedy in a speech to the nation, spoke of this "New Frontier. " The frontier spirit certainly played a part in putting the first men on the noon, the most recent of all frontiers to be crossed.
Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) (46) Experts are individuals with specialized knowledge suited to perform the specific tasks for which they are trained, but that expertise does not necessarily transfer to other domains. A master chess player cannot apply chess expertise in a game of poker—although both chess and poker are games, a chess master who has never played poker is a novice poker player. Similarly, a biochemist is not qualified to perform neurosurgery, even though both biochemists and neurosurgeons study human physiology. In other words, the more complex a task is the more specialized and exclusive is the knowledge required to perform that task. An expert perceives meaningful patterns in her domain better than non-experts. Where a novice perceives random or disconnected data points, an expert connects regular patterns within and between cases. This ability to identify patterns is not an innate perceptual skill; rather it reflects the organization of knowledge after exposure to and experience with thousands of cases. Experts have a deeper understanding of their domains than novices do, and utilize higher-order principles to solve problems. A novice, for example, might group objects together by color or size, whereas an expert would group the same objects according to their function or utility. Experts comprehend the meaning of data and weigh variables with different criteria within their domains better than novices. (47) Experts recognize variables that have the largest influence on a particular problem and focus their attention on those variables. Experts have better domain-specific short-term and long-term memory than novices do. (48) Moreover, experts perform tasks in their domains faster than novices and commit fewer errors while problem solving. Interestingly, experts go about solving problems differently than novices. Experts spend more time thinking about a problem to fully understand it at the beginning of a task than do novices, who immediately seek to find a solution. Experts use their knowledge of previous cases as context for creating mental models to solve given problems. Better at self-monitoring than novices, experts are more aware of instances where they have committed errors or failed to understand a problem. Experts check their solutions more often than novices and recognize when they are missing information necessary for solving a problem. (49) Experts are aware of the limits of their domain knowledge and apply their domain's heuristics to solve problems that fall outside of their experience base. (50) Psychologists and cognitive scientists agree that the time it takes to become an expert depends on the complexity of the task and the number of cases, or patterns, to which an individual is exposed. The more complex the task, the longer it takes to build expertise, or, more accurately, the longer it takes to experience and store a large number of cases or patterns.
1.
专家是受过训练的、适合执行具体任务的、具有专门知识的人，但这个专门知识不一定能迁移到其他领域。
这是一个并列主从复合句，两个分句由并列连词but连接。句架是：Experts are individuals...，but that expertise does not necessarily transfer to other domains。第一个分句中with与后面的specialized knowledge构成介词短语，作后置定语，修饰individuals。这里还出现了一个由which引导的限定性定语从句，用来修饰其先行词tasks。句中指示代词they指代experts。expertise的意思是“专门知识或技能”，transfer的意思是“转移，迁移”，domain的意思是“领域，范围”。
2.
专家能识别出对某个特殊问题产生最大影响的变化因素，并且会特别注意这些变化因素。
这是一个简单主从复合句。句架是：Experts recognize variables that...and focus their attention on those variables。句中that引导的是一个限定性的定语从句，用来修饰其先行词variables。句中variable的意思是“可变因素，变数”。
3.
此外，专家在其领域比新手执行任务更快，在解决问题的时候比新手犯的错误更少。
这是一个简单主从复合句。句架是: ..., experts perform tasks...faster than novices and commit fewer errors…。句中出现了比较结构，因此有些词语被省略了了全句补充完整后应为：experts perform tasks in their domains faster than novices do and experts commit fewer errors than novices do while problem solving。句中novice的意思是“新手，初学者”。
4.
专家知道他们的专业知识的局限性，但能够运用他们领域的知识举一反三地解决他们的经验基础以外的问题。
这是一个简单主从复合句。句架是：Experts are aware of the limits...and apply their domain's heuristics to solve problems that...。句中出现了一个由that引导的限定性定语从句，用来修饰其先行词problems。heuristics的意思是“启发式的，探索式的，举一反三的”。
这是一个简单主从复合句，句架是：Psychologists and cognitive scientists agree that....。句中that引导的是一个宾语从句，而在这个宾语从句中又出现了一个省略了关联词的定语从句it takes to be an expert，用来修饰其先行词time。而which引导的是一个非限定性定语从句，用来修饰其先行词complexity和number。句中cognitive scientists的意思是“认知学家”。
Section Ⅲ Writing
Part A
1. Directions : You are about to graduate from a university in the coming month. Right now you are doing some job hunting. Write a letter of application to an American bank in your city to 1) introduce yourself briefly and 2) express your wish to join the company. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use " Li Ming" instead. You don't have to write the address.
Dear Sir/Madam, I' m writing for a golden opportunity to work in a bank that enjoys years of reputation. I read Beijing Youth this morning, pleased to discover that your bank is calling for a cashier (an accountant). I wonder if you could be free to have a pleasant talk with me, for all the requirements specified in your advertisement tend to fit my present situation. For one thing, as September closes in, I am going to graduate from college with a Bachelor Degree. For another thing, after four-year study at college, I received extensive training in accounting, analytical thinking and business planning. All of them are considered definite weight for a qualified bank clerk. Still, speaking English fluently, I don't think I have any problem while working with other co-workers. Under these circumstances, I sincerely hope that I can be one of the contributing members of your company. I would appreciate your assistance in this matter. If you have any questions, please don't hesitate to contact me. Look forward to your reply. Sincerely Yours, Li Ming
Part B
1. Directions : The following are three pictures of different ways to spend the summer holiday. Write an essay of 160～200 words based on these pictures. In the composition you should: 1) describe the pictures 2) discuss the advantage and disadvantage of them, and 3) give suggestions.
When summer is approaching, a difficult job at hand is to make a plan for an enjoyable and meaningful holiday. Some choose to stay home and enjoy a relaxed and comfortable life, playing computer games, watching TV, doing household chores and the like. However, according to my experience, one will feel bored after the first two weeks. As a matter of fact, a trip to the north or even abroad can be a much better plan. A wise man says that the world is a book, and those who do not travel read only one page. Summer holiday offers a good opportunity for us to realize our dream of looking at the world. However, there remains the problem of expenses, and travel safety, too. Who knows what kind of trouble we may run into on the way? It seems that neither confining oneself to the dorm nor going far away from home is recommendable. In view of the golden mean principle, one may take a temporary job near home. This is safe and rewarding. What is more, it can help us make a change in life, develop personal abilities, and earn some pocket money as well.
深色：已答题 浅色：未答题