C

[听力原文]
   M: Hey, Sue. I was wondering if you could fill me in on Monday's class. I had to go to the dentist for emergency then and I missed Prof. Smith's lecture. What was it on?
   W: It was pretty interesting. He talked about volcanoes, active volcanoes, under the West Antarctic ice sheet.
   M: There are active volcanoes under the ice?
   W: Apparently so. He said they help protect the ice sheet and prevent melting. Flooding will destroy anything, not only there, but all over the world if that ice melted.
   M: You lost me there. Volcanoes are hot. How can something hot prevent ice from melting?
   W: Wait a minute, let me check my notes. Yeah, here it is. Volcanic heat melts just enough ice to create a slippery surface on the bottom of the glacier. This water allows ice to flow out into the ocean. So the solid interior ice is protected from the ocean's warmth. Does that make sense?
   M: Sort of. You mean that because the ice is flowing out to the ocean, the warmer ocean water can't flow in.
   W: Exactly. And Prof. Smith said that if the ice sheet ever broke up and melted, the sea level would go up seven meters. Then we would have those floods.
   M: Is that really possible? Or is it one of those exaggerations you hear all the time?
   W: As far as I can understand, it is possible because of global warming. I mean if the ocean became warmer that interior ice would be very likely to melt.
   M: Thanks for telling me about the lecture. Sounds like I've missed a pretty important class!
   Why did the man ask the woman to tell him the lecture?
   [解析] 对话一开始男士说，他想知道Sue是否能告诉他有关周一那堂课的详细情况，他因为突发状况要去看牙医而错过了Smith教授的讲座。因此，C选项“他未能出席讲座”是正确答案。

D

[听力原文]
   What was the topic of the professor's lecture?
   [解析] 本题问的是“教授讲座的主题是什么”，对话中女士首先说Smith教授谈到了西部南极冰盖下的活火山，接着又补充说教授提到了冰盖下的活火山可以保护冰盖并阻止其融化。因此，综合来看，选项D“南极冰原下火山的作用”是正确答案。

B

[听力原文]
   What information puzzled the man?
   [解析] 本题问的是“什么信息让男士迷惑不解”。在女士介绍完教授讲座的主题后，男士说他有点疑惑，后面紧接着提出了他的问题。因此，选项B“高温如何防止冰融化”为答案。

D

[听力原文]
   What factor may lead to the rise of sea level?
   [解析] 对话中女士说，Smith教授认为，如果冰盖破碎并且融化，海平面将会上升7米。男士对此表示质疑，而女士认为由于全球变暖，冰盖内部的冰很有可能融化，从而导致海平面上升。因此，选项D“(冰盖)内部的冰融化”为答案。

B

[听力原文]
   M: We are having a debate on advertising Thursday evening.
   W: That's interesting. I should like to hear what people think about advertising.
   M: What's there to say? We must have advertising, mustn't we?
   W: Why?
   M: Well, we wouldn't know what there was to buy if we didn't have advertisements.
   W: Yes, that's true. Up to a point, advertisements provide information that we need. If someone has produced a new article, naturally, the seller wants to tell us about it.
   M: Yes, and the advertisements tell us which product is the best.
   W: Do they? I don't think so. Every manufacturer says that his product is the best, or at least tries to give us the impression. Only one can be the best, so the others are misleading, aren't they?
   M: Well, in a way, I suppose, but we don't have to believe them, do we?
   W: Are you saying that advertisements aren't effective? I don't think that intelligent businessmen will spend millions of dollars on advertising if nobody believes the advertisements, do you?
   M: Perhaps not, but after all, it's their money they are spending.
   W: Is it? I think not. The cost of advertising is added to the price of the article. You and I and all the other people who buy the article pay for the advertising.
   M: Well, I suppose we get something for our money, some information.
   W: Yes, but don't forget it is often misleading information, and sometimes harmful.
   M: Harmful?
   W: What about the advertisements designed to persuade young people to smoke cigarettes? Wouldn't you say they are harmful?
   M: You've given me a lot to think about. I'm quite looking forward to the debate now.
   What are the two speakers talking about?
   [解析] 对话开篇男士提到会有一场关于广告的辩论会，在接下来的对话中，advertisement一词贯穿了整个对话，说话者对广告的利与弊表达了各自的想法，故全篇对话的主题就是广告，答案为选项B。

C

[听力原文]
   Who pays for the advertising actually according to the woman?
   [解析] 对话中男士说，那些生意人在广告上投入的钱都是他们自己的钱，女士否认了这一点。她认为The cost of advertising is added to the price of the article. You and I and an the other people who buy the article pay for the advertising. 即广告的花费都被加到商品的价格中了，我们所有购买商品的人都在支付那些广告费用。因此，选项C“消费者”是正确选项。

D

[听力原文]
   What can be inferred from the conversation?
   [解析] 本题问的是“从对话中可以推断出什么”。对话中女士提到了广告的利与弊，观点比较客观，故排除选项A；对话者对广告有各自的意见，不能推断出谁对广告了解得更多，排除选项B；对话中并未提到对话双方的职位信息，排除选项C；对话结束时男士说自己非常期待辩论赛，由此可以推断他很可能参加有关广告这一话题的辩论赛，因此选项D为答案。

A

[听力原文]
   What can we know about theadvertisement according to theconversation?
   [解析] 对话中男士和女士讨论了广告的利与弊，其中提到了广告提供商品的信息，故答案为A。对话中并没提及广告是否提供试用品和广告是否只传达产品的真实情况，排除选项B和C；另外根据常识可判断，广告是商家发起的宣传商品的手段，不可能描述产品的瑕疵，排除D。

A

[听力原文]
   Most successful people are unorthodox persons whose minds wander outside traditional ways of thinking. Instead of trying to refine old formulas, they invent new ones. When Jean-Claude Killy made the French National Ski Team in the early 1960s he was prepared to work harder than anyone else to be the best. At the crack of dawn he would run up the slopes with his skis on, an unbelievably backbreaking activity. In the evening, he would do weightlifting and running. But the other team members were working as hard and long as he was. He realized instinctively that simply training harder would never be enough. Killy then began challenging the basic theories of racing technique. Each week he would try something different to see if he could find a better, faster way down the mountain. His experiments resulted in a new style that was almost exactly opposite the accepted technique of the time. It involved skiing with his legs apart for better balance and sitting back on the skis when he came to a turn. He also used ski poles in an unorthodox way to propel himself as he skied. The explosive new style helped cut Killy's racing time dramatically. In 1966 and 1967, he captured virtually every major skiing trophy. The next year, he won three gold medals in the Winter Olympics, a record in ski racing that has never been topped. Killy learned an important secret shared by many creative people: innovations don't require genius, just a willingness to question the way things have always been done.

   What does the speaker say about most successful people?

[解析] 细节推断题。短文一开头就提到，绝大多数成功人士都不怎么传统，他们的思想游离于传统的思维方式之外。他们没有去尝试改善旧的方法，反而愿意去创造新的方式。

B

[听力原文]
   What does the speaker say about Killy's experiments?

[解析] 事实细节题。短文中提到，Killy的实验产生了一套全新的滑雪技巧，而这些技巧与当时公认的滑雪技巧几乎完全相反。

C

[听力原文]
   What is said to be Killy's biggest honor in his skiing career?

[解析] 事实细节题。短文中提到，在1966年和1967年，Killy几乎赢得了所有重大滑雪赛事的奖杯。第二年，他在冬季奥运会上获得了三枚金牌，创下了滑雪比赛的最高纪录。

A

[听力原文]
   Is it possible to persuade mankind to live without war? War is an ancient institution which has existed for at least six thousand years. It was always bad and usually foolish, but in the past the human race managed to live with it. Modern ingenuity has changed this. Either Man will abolish war, or war will abolish Man. For the present, it is nuclear weapons that cause the most serious danger, but bacteriological or chemical weapons may, before long, offer an even greater threat. If we succeed in abolishing nuclear weapons, our work will not be done. It will never be done until we have succeeded in abolishing war. There are those who say that the adoption of this or that ideology would prevent war. I believe this to be a big error. All ideologies are based upon dogmatic statements which are, at best, doubtful, and at worst, totally false. Their adherents believe in them so fanatically that they are willing to go to war in support of them. To prevent war, we need to persuade mankind to look upon international questions in a new way. It is not easy to change very old mental habits, but this is what must be attempted for the survival of human beings.

   Compared with wars in the past, what is war like today?

[解析] 短文明确提到，在过去，人类可以伴随战争生存，但现代智慧已经改变了这种情况：现在要么是人类消灭战争，要么是战争毁灭人类。由此可见，战争已经升级，下文提到的具毁灭性特征的生化武器和核武器就是很好的例子。故A为正确答案。
   ①四个选项都是与in the past的情况进行比较，故听音时要格外留意相关内容。②注意上下文的综合理解：转折词but之后的信息往往很重要。

D

[听力原文]
   What does the speaker believe about ideology?

[解析] 文中提到，有些人认为采纳这种或那种意识形态可以防止战争，我相信这是一个巨大的错误。由此可知，说话者直接否定了“意识形态可以阻止战争”这样的想法，故D为正确答案。
   由选项可知，A、B、C的区别在于ideology之前的修饰词；而D与前三项的区别则在于can't，即D是持否定观点而前三项持肯定观点，听音时要注意区分。对于表明说话人立场与观点的句子要特别注意，A、B、C均不合文意。

B

[听力原文]
   What is the best way to prevent war according to the speaker?

[解析] 短文结尾部分提到，要防止战争，我们就需要说服人们以一种新的方式来看待国际事务(指通过一致同意的协议来进行仲裁)。之后说话者又指出要改变人们这种旧的思维习惯是不容易的，但为了使人类得以生存这是必须尝试的方法。听到其中的任何一句话，都不难得出，B为正确答案。
   文章结尾部分往往很重要。表目的的地方需格外留心。

D

[听力原文]
   What's the speaker's attitude towards war?

[解析] 要正确判断说话者对战争的态度，就要把握住文章的主旨：即通过仲裁方式消除争端从而消除战争。文中提及的abolishing war、to prevent war等词都表明了说话者的态度，就是消除战争。四个选项中只有D是持消除战争的态度，故选D。
   综合理解是关键。注意文章结尾处往往表明说话人的态度。根据文中的部分词句，如：abolishing/prevent war以及“要么是人类消灭战争，要么是战争毁灭人类”，也不难看出D才是作者对战争的态度。A、B、C均与文意不符。

D

[听力原文]
Moderator:
   Welcome to "Science World". Today we have Dr. Michael Hudson, Chief of the Department of Life Science in Boston University. It is estimated that over 99 percent of all species that ever existed have become extinct. What causes extinction?
Dr. Hudson:
   Well, when a species is no longer adapted to a changed environment, it may perish. The exact causes of a species' death vary from situation to situation. Rapid ecological change may render an environment hostile to a species. For example, temperatures may change and a species may not be able to adapt. Food resources may be affected by environmental changes, which will then cause problems for a species requiring these resources. Other species may become better adapted to an environment, resulting in competition and, ultimately, in the death of a species.
   The fossil record reveals that extinction has occurred throughout the history of Earth. Recent analyses have also revealed that on some occasions many species become extinct at the same time—a mass extinction. One of the best-known examples of mass extinction occurred 65 million years ago with the demise of dinosaurs and many other forms of life. Perhaps the largest mass extinction was the one that occurred 225 million years ago, when approximately 95 percent of all species died. Mass extinctions can be caused by a relatively rapid change in the environment and can be worsened by the close interrelationship of many species.
   One interesting and controversial finding is that extinctions during the past 250 million years have tended to be more intense every 26 million years. This periodic extinction might be due to intersection of the Earth's orbit with a cloud of comets, but this theory is purely speculative. Some researchers have also speculated that extinction may be random. That is, certain species may be eliminated and others may survive for no particular reason. A species' survival may have nothing to do with its ability or inability to adapt. If so, some of evolutionary history may reflect a sequence of essentially random events.

   Q: What does Dr. Hudson say regarding the vast majority of species in Earth's history at the beginning of the lecture?

[解析] 解题思路：四个选项均以they开头，对其进行描述，分别表示四个方面：形态、适应能力、对环境的影响以及是否存在。听录音时注意听清they的指代对象，抓住每项所描述的某个方面的内容。
   在讲座的开始部分，主持人询问“超过99%的物种已经灭绝的原因”，这里“超过99%的物种”即对应问题中的“绝大部分物种”。赫德森博士接下来对它们灭绝的原因做了解释。由此可知它们都已经灭绝了，不复存在，故选D。有关形态的内容讲座中未提及，排除A；B项和C项则与讲座内容不符。

A

[听力原文]
   Q: What does the evidence from fossils suggest?

[解析] 解题思路：四个选项均出现了有关“灭绝”(extinction、extinctions和extinct)的词汇，考查的内容与物种或生物灭绝有关。听录音时注意抓住各项的关键信息(occurred...throughout Earth's history, generally been massive, only one mass extinction和dinosaurs became extinct much earlier)。
   在提到化石证据时，赫德森博士说：“纵观地球的整个历史，灭绝从未停止过。”A项是对讲座内容的同义转述，为正确答案。B项表述过于绝对，不符合讲座内容，应排除；历史上曾有过多次大规模生物灭绝事件发生，规模最大的一次发生在2亿2500万年前，因此排除C；对于恐龙灭绝的时间讲座中并未提及，排除D。

B

[听力原文]
   Q: What can we learn about the "interesting and controversial" finding?

[解析] 解题思路：四个选项的主语各不相同，需要逐一提取各项的重点信息：灭绝事件的加剧、周期性灭绝的原因、是否被验证以及生存能力与适应能力的关系。听录音时应有针对性地留意这些重点信息。
   在讲座的结尾部分，赫德森博士这样论述该发现“在过去2亿5000万年间发生的灭绝事件每隔2600万年就会加剧一次。这种周期性的灭绝可能是由于地球轨道与彗星星云的交汇，但这个理论只是一种猜想”。由此可知B项符合文意，故为答案。A项中的时间信息错误，排除；C项内容讲座中未提及，应排除；D项内容与该发现无关，也应排除。

C

[听力原文]
   It appears that when it comes to choosing our friends, much of our choice depends on genes. We are more genetically similar to our friends than we are to strangers.
   The theme song to Friends, a 1990s American situation comedy about a bunch of best mates. Two of the characters were related, but if they've been real life friends, the rest of them could have been as biologically close as cousins. Researchers from the University of California have analyzed gene variation in around 2, 000 people, comparing pairs of unrelated friends with pairs of unrelated strangers. They found that the friends had about 0.1% more DNA in common on average than strangers did. It's a small fraction that makes a big difference.
   It's sort of like their family members. And in fact the number of genes they share in common is so large. And that is almost that they share a common ancestor. It's like their fourth cousins.
   The friends were most alike when it came to their sense of smell, but the study suggests that we could be attracted to people with similar traits because it helps us to survive.
   If you are the first person that has a mutation and you don't have any friends, you need surround yourself with other people who also have that trait. This is not just the case that people with the best trait, it's the people who have similar genes.
   When it comes to our immunities though, the friends' genes were more different than that of the strangers. The scientists say this trend could also give us an evolutionary edge though because if your friends can fight different diseases than you, you are less likely to spread those diseases. It gives a new meaning perhaps to being their bio-friends.
   What does our choice of friends probably depend on according to the lecture?
   [解析] 听力原文中明确提到It appears that when it comes to choosing our friends，much of our choice depends on genes. 由此可知，在结交朋友时，我们的选择似乎取决于基因，故选C。

D

[听力原文]
   What do the researchers from the University of California find?
   [解析] 听力原文中提到Researchers from the University of Califomia...found that the friends had about 0.1% more DNA in common on average than strangers did. 即加利福尼亚大学的研究者发现朋友之间比陌生人之间平均多0.1%的共同DNA，故选D。

B

[听力原文]
   Why are we attracted to people with similar traits according to the study?
   [解析] 听力原文中提到the study suggests that we could be attracted to people with similar traits because it helps us to survive，即研究表明我们被具有相似特性的人吸引，是因为这有助于我们生存，故选B。

A

[听力原文]
   Good evening, I am Steve Johnson and I represent the American Elm Society. Today I'd like to introduce you to some of the problems faced by elm trees. Many of you are familiar with this huge tree. It's found in many areas of US and Canada in cities and small towns. Well, as you may know, the American elm has been threatened by a dangerous disease. The disease is caused by a fungus, when that fungus infects the tree, it blocks the circulation of water inside the tree. As a result, the tree cells don't receive water and without water, of course they can't survive. The tree's leaves become dry, fall off, and eventually the tree dies. You may be interested in how the disease is transmitted, well, a very small insect called elm bug beetle brings the fungus with it. The beetle uses the tree to reproduce itself. The female builds channels in the wood for the eggs, at the same time, it infects the tree with fungus. The worst thing is that the process seems unstoppable, because once the beetle leaves the infected tree it carries the fungus on its body and poisons a healthy tree. Of course, we are trying to fight the disease, in the past, infected trees were simply cut down. That method reduces the number of the infected trees but it never stop the disease. Now experts are trying to get to the root of the problem, they are working on ways to control the beetle that spreads the disease.
   What is causing the death of the infected elm trees?
[解析] 细节题。根据The disease is caused by a fungus, when that fungus infects the tree, it blocks the circulation of water inside the tree. As a result, the tree cells don't receive water and without water, of course they can't survive. 可知水分无法循环造成了榆木的死亡。因此，正确答案是A。

D

[听力原文]
   According to the speaker, what causes the healthy elm tree to become weak?
[解析] 细节题。根据You may be interested in how the disease is transmitted, well, a very small insect called elm bug beetle brings the fungus with it. 可知榆树的疾病是由一种小昆虫传播的。因此，正确答案是D。

A

[听力原文]
   According to the speaker, how do experts hope to limit the spread of the disease in the future?
[解析] 细节题。根据Now experts are trying to get to the root of the problem, they are working on ways to control the beetle that spreads the disease. 可知科学家们要从根源上控制传播疾病的虫子。因此，正确答案是A。

A

[解析] 分析句子结构可知，此处空格所在句子缺少主语，其后的动词不定式短语to redistribute wealth and income in the United States作句子主语的后置定语，结合空格前的any可以断定这里需要填入一个名词。在备选词汇中有三个名词：attempt(尝试，企图)，criticism(批评)，outcome(结果)。结合句意，此处应是指“任何……的尝试”，且attempt后可接不定式作其定语，故选A。
   [参考译文]
  
   贫穷之所以存在，是因为美国社会是不平等的，而且有压倒一切的政治压力使社会维持这种状态。在美国，任何试图重新分配财富及收入的尝试都必将遭到中产阶级及上层社会利益集团强烈的反对。只有当其他人相对贫穷时，有些人才能相对富裕，而既然权力集中掌握在有钱人的手里，政府政策就会继续反映他们的利益而非穷人的利益。
   正如赫伯特·甘斯(在1973年)指出的那样，从非穷人的角度来看，贫穷是有实际功能的。贫穷可以确保“脏”活儿有人干。如果没有穷人擦洗地板和倒便盆，就得给做这些工作的人付很高的报酬，这样才有人愿意碰这些东西。贫穷为许多非穷人，比如警官、福利工作者、典当商及政府官员，创造了工作。贫穷使得富人的生活更舒适，它为富人提供了厨师、园丁及从事其他日常杂务的工人，而他们的雇主就可以从事更令人愉快的活动。贫穷为劣等商品及服务，比如隔夜的面包、破旧不堪的汽车或无能的医师及律师的意见提供了市场。富人并没有故意、有意识地耍“阴谋”来使穷人处于贫穷的状态。这只是因为贫穷是美国经济体系不可避免的结果，而该体系是穷人没有政治权力去影响或改变的。

J

[解析] 分析句子结构可知，此处空格所在句子的主语是attempt，谓语是will be opposed，因此可以判断此处缺少一个副词修饰谓语动词opposed。备选词汇中的副词有inevitably(不可避免地)和dubiously(怀疑地)两个。此处文意为“任何尝试都必将遭到反对”，只有inevitably符合语境，故选J。

B

[解析] 分析句子结构可知，此处空格所在句子是一个由连词since引导的原因状语从句，从句的主语是power，空格前后是系动词is和介词短语in the hands of the rich，因此可以断定这里需要填入一个动词的过去分词，与is一起构成该句的系表结构。符合上述语法条件的备选词汇有三个：endowed(赋予，捐助)，rewarded(回报)，concentrated(集中)。结合此处文意，只有concentrated可以与power is...in the hands of the rich搭配使用，意为“权利集中在富人手里”，故选B。

H

[解析] 分析句子结构可知，此处空格所在句子的主语是poverty，空格前后有系动词is和介词短语from the point of view of the nonpoor，因此可以断定这里需要填入一个形容词或动词的过去分词形式，与is一起构成该句的系表结构。备选词汇中符合上述语法条件的过去分词还剩下endowed和rewarded；形容词则有：deliberate(故意的)，invaluable(无价的)，inferior(低劣的，次等的)，functional(功能的；起作用的)，incompetent(无能的)。结合下文可知，这里是指“贫穷具有功能和作用”，functional最为贴切，故选H。

G

[解析] 分析句子结构可知，此处空格所在句子的主语是poverty，其后是that引导的宾语从句，因此可以断定这里需要一个动词作该句子的谓语。由主语poverty以及宾语从句的谓语动词gets的时态可知，这里需要填入一个动词的第三人称单数形式。符合语法条件的备选词汇有两个：ensures(确保，保证)和justifies(证明……正确)。此处文意为“贫穷可以确保脏活儿有人干”，ensure符合语境，故选G。

O

[解析] 分析句子结构可知，此处空格所在句子的主语是jobs，空格前后分别是系动词be和介词短语with high incomes，因此可以断定这里需要填入一个形容词或动词的过去分词，和would have to be一起构成该句的谓语部分。备选词汇中能够将jobs与high incomes良好衔接起来的只有rewarded(酬谢；回报)，故选O。

K

[解析] 分析句子主干可知，此处空格所在句子的结构较为完整，通过分析for ______ goods and services可知，这里缺少的是一个形容词。由such as后列举的two-day-old bread和run-down automobiles可知，此处填入inferior“低劣的，次等的”更贴合文意，故选K。

I

[解析] 根据空格前的介词of和空格后的名词，判断应填入一个形容词，修饰名词physicians和lawyers。符合语法条件的备选形容词中，只有incompetent(无能的)符合此处语境，故选I。

D

[解析] 分析句子结构可知，这里缺少的是一个形容词，它与其后的conscious(自觉的，有意的)一起作名词conspiracy的定语，而且该词与conscious在意义上很接近。在备选形容词中，只有deliberate(有意的，故意的)符合此处文意，故选D。

N

[解析] 根据空格前的is an inevitable和空格后的of可以判定，此处需要填入一个名词。备选词汇中符合语法条件的名词只剩下criticism和outcome，其中，能够被inevitable修饰的是outcome，意为“结果”。此处文意为“贫穷是美国经济体系不可避免的结果”，故选N。

C

[解析] 此句意为：从登记表上去除病人是一个全国性的问题，因为没有足够的普通开业医生。根据题干中的national problem可以定位到C段中的But senior GPs say her case is far from isolated and illustrates a national problem和Doctors' leaders argue that they have no choice but to remove patients because the lack of GPs means they cannot provide care that is safe and of high quality. 题干是对这两句话的融合。

E

[解析] 此句意为：这一职业现在缺少普通开业医生，因为许多普通开业医生都离开了，又没有足够的人来替代他们。根据题干中的replace可以定位到E段中的GPs say the profession is facing a recruitment crisis as their colleagues opt for early retirement or a move abroad. They are not being replaced by younger staff, who are often opting for hospital-based careers. 题干中的not enough new GPs to replace the them是文中They are not being replaced by younger staff的对应点。

A

[解析] 此句意为：由于招收危机，许多普通开业医生不得不放弃很多病人。根据题干中的deregister可以定位到A段中的Doctors warned last night that a recruitment crisis has left surgeries with too few staff. This means they are being forced to "deregister" patients。题干中的Because of the recruitment crisis是文中a recruitment crisis has left surgeries with too few staff的对应点。

I

[解析] 此句意为：自从一位医生退休了，有75名病人被从登记表上除名了，但是许多人猜测医生是故意除去养老院的病人。根据题干中的nursing home可以定位到I段中的It says it has been forced to remove a total of 75 patients who live the furthest away since a doctor retired. The decision has upset some relatives who fear the surgery has deliberately targeted the nursing home because the residents require so many visits. 其中on purpose就是deliberately的意思。

H

[解析] 此句意为：未来会有更多的开业医生这样做，因而会有更多的病人会被普通开业医生除名。根据题干中的follow suit可以定位到H段中的Other GPs warned that more surgeries would follow suit. Referring to the case in Watton, one GP partner wrote anonymously on the Pulse magazine website: "Just wait for the domino effect." 题干中as more GPs will follow suit与文中more surgeries would follow suit形成对应点。

J

[解析] 此句意为：苏克德福·森医生说他们除去那75名病人是因为一位医生的退休会使工作量变得非常大。根据题干中的workload increased可以定位到J段中的The surgery's executive partner Dr Sukdev Singh insisted the reason was because there had been a "big increase in workload" following the retirement of a doctor. 题干中的the workload increased hugely when a doctor retired与文中的a "big increase in workload" following the retirement of a doctor形成对应。

D

[解析] 此句意为：一些亲戚和病人担心医生会因为一些病人要花费更多的时间和更加小心的照料而被除名。根据题干中的vulnerable patients可以定位到D段中的But relatives and patients fear vulnerable patients are being deliberately removed from lists because they take up the most time and require such dedicated care. 题干中的patients who need more time and careful care与文中take up the most time and require such dedicated care形成对应。

L

[解析] 此句意为：因为移民，这个地区的工作量增加了，而普通开业医生无法应对这么多的人。根据题干中的immigration可以定位到L段中的In Watton, parish council leader Richard Leighton said: "There's immigration..." 题干是对文中意思的进一步阐述，解释了移民对于工作量的影响。

K

[解析] 此句意为：目前还没有轰动全国的代表被除名病人的人物，但是查南德·奈保尔医生还是警告医生们不要因为病人需要更久的时间和照料而除去他们。根据题干中的Dr Chaand Nagpaul可以定位到K段中的There are no national figures for the numbers of patients who have been removed from surgery lists because of GPs' workload. But Dr Chaand Nagpaul, chairman of the British Medical Association's GP Committee, said it was important that surgeries did not "discriminate" against certain patients who may require more time and care. 题干是略去了人物的介绍，主要信息没有变化。

M

[解析] 此句意为：基兰·齐阿德哈尔斯说他被踢出去了，因为老年人没什么用，他们不需要老年人。根据题干中的人名可以定位到M段中的Gillian Childerhouse, 80, who is being struck off...Older people are not very important in this country. They don't want us. We're just a damned trouble. 题干中的old people has no use and they don't want them与文中的They don't want us形成对应。

C

[解析] 事实细节题。文章第1段就指出研究结果显示：大四女生比大一新生缺少自信，在第3段又进一步指出她们的自我评价比较低。故选C。

D

[解析] 事实细节题。第7段首句就指出：“我是女生”帮助女孩把斗争和逆境的故事转变成关联和赋权的故事，让她们对自己有信心。故选D。

C

[解析] 事实细节题。第11段指出帕斯古奇说她最想告诉年轻女孩的是让她们知道她们的价值感来自于内在。故选C。另外注意英语写作避免重复、注重语言多样性的特点。文章中sense of worth和self-confidence, self-love, self-esteem等意义相同，而within则和unique self, something unique within yourself意义相同。

A

[解析] 逻辑推理题。第13、14段指出克拉克附和帕斯古奇的话，认为外表并不是最重要的，重要的是“内在中不是那么明显却又独一无二的东西”。故选A。

B

[解析] 主旨大意题。本篇文章讲述的是大四女生因为追求完美而失去自信，“我是女生”和“平静校园”这两个组织及其创立者努力帮助女生赢得自信，因为自信应该来自于内在的自我，而不是外在的美貌。故选B。

D

[解析] 根据题干中的信息词oxygen和carbon dioxide定位到第一段最后一句。
   关于氧气和二氧化碳在身体中的情况，第一段最后一句指出，氧气很容易就会透过薄壁从肺泡散开，进入血液里，而二氧化碳则很容易透过薄壁从血液中扩散，进入肺泡。由此可见，氧气和二氧化碳的运动方向相反，故D项为正确答案。
   [参考译文] 遍布整个肺部的血管将血液带入每个肺泡，然后再使血液流回心脏。在空气与血液之间只有肺泡薄壁及毛细血管薄壁。于是，氧气很容易就会透过薄壁从肺泡散开，进入血液里，而二氧化碳则很容易透过薄壁从血液中扩散，进入肺泡。
   当血液通过心脏被送往肺部时，它已经是从身体其他部位的细胞中流回来的。所以，流入肺泡壁的血液里含有很多溶解了的二氧化碳，而氧气含量却非常少。然而，进入肺泡的空气却含有很多氧气，而只有少量二氧化碳。你已经了解到溶解后的物质总是从含量较多的地方向含量较少的地方扩散。空气中的氧气在肺泡黏膜的水分里溶解，然后透过内壁扩散到血液里。同时，二氧化碳从血液扩散到肺泡中。然后，血液就从肺部流回心脏，心脏再将血液送到身体其他部位。
   空气进入肺泡后不久，就会释放部分氧气，并从血液中吸收一些二氧化碳。为了保持扩散的正常进行，这些二氧化碳就必须被排出体外。由胸部运动引起的呼吸迫使释放完氧气并吸收了二氧化碳的空气从你肺部的肺泡中流出，并吸入新鲜空气。呼吸肌肉是受自动控制的，以便你能够以正常速率进行呼吸，从而确保肺泡中有充足的新鲜空气供应。通常情况下，你每分钟大概呼吸22次。当然，当你运动时，你的呼吸会加快；而当你休息时，呼吸会放慢。当你吸气时，新鲜空气被吸入肺部，而当你呼气时，释放完氧气并吸收了二氧化碳的空气就被排出肺部。
   有些人认为所有的氧气都在肺部从空气中被分离了出来，而我们呼出的是纯粹的二氧化碳。但是，这些想法是不正确的。空气是许多气体的混合物，其中大部分是氮气。这种气体没有被身体所利用。所以，随着空气被吸入和呼出，氮气的总量并没有改变。然而，当空气停留在肺里时，它会以以下三种方式被改变：(1)空气中约有五分之一的氧气进入血液中。(2)差不多等量的二氧化碳从血液进入空气中。(3)气道及肺泡黏膜中的水分会蒸发，直到空气几乎饱和为止。
   【说明文：呼吸过程中氧气和二氧化碳在肺部的交换】
   第一段：概述氧气和二氧化碳在肺部交换。
   第二至第三段：具体说明交换的过程和原因。
   第四段：澄清有关此问题的一种误解。

B

[解析] 根据题干中的信息词blood和to the lungs by the heart定位到第二段第一、二句。
   题干问血液通过心脏被送往肺部时会发生什么情况。根据第二段前两句可知，当血液通过心脏被送往肺部时，它已经是从身体其他部位的细胞中流回来的。所以，流入肺泡壁的血液里含有很多溶解了的二氧化碳，而氧气含量却非常少。由此可见正确答案为B。血液从心脏被送往肺部时，肺泡里正在进行气体交换，所以不能确定肺泡里氧气和二氧化碳的含量比例，故排除C和D。

A

[解析] 根据题干中的信息词breathing定位到第三段第三句。
   第三段第三句指出，由胸部运动引起的呼吸迫使释放完氧气并吸收了二氧化碳的空气从你肺部的肺泡中流出，并吸入新鲜空气。由此可推断，呼出的空气中吸收了大量的二氧化碳，而吸入的新鲜空气中富含氧气。呼吸促进了氧气和二氧化碳的交换。故A项为正确答案。

C

[解析] 根据题干中的信息词the amount of nitrogen定位到最后一段第五句。
   根据最后一段第五句可知，在气体通过呼吸进行交换的过程中，“随着空气被吸入和呼出，氮气的总量并没有改变”，由此可见我们呼出气体时，氮气的量和吸入时一样多。故C项是答案。根据本段第四句“这种气体没有被身体所利用”可知，人体并不需要氮气，因此D项可排除。其他两项均不符合文意，均排除。

B

[解析] 根据题干中的信息词air和changes定位到最后一段最后三句。
   关于空气在肺部的改变方式，第四段最后三句说“它会以以下三种方式被改变：(1)空气中约有五分之一的氧气进入血液中。(2)差不多等量的二氧化碳从血液进入空气中。(3)气道及肺泡黏膜中的水分会蒸发，直到空气几乎饱和为止。”将这三点与四个选项一一对照，可知只有B项与原文相符，故为正确答案。