四、英语阅读理解题 阅读下列短文，从每题给出的四个选项中，选出最佳答案。 Cigarette smoking is a health hazard of sufficient importance in the United States. It was 50 years ago this month that America's Surgeon General sounded that warning, marking the beginning of the end of cigarette manufacturing—and of smoking itself—as a respectable activity. Some 20 million Americans have died from the habit .since then. But advertising restrictions and smoking bans have had their effect: the proportion of American adults who smoke has dropped from 43% to 18%; smoking rates among teenagers are at a record low. In many other countries the trends are similar. The current Surgeon General, Boris Lushniak, marked the half-century with a report on January 17th, declaring smoking even deadlier than previously thought. He added diabetes, colorectal cancer and other ailments to the list of ills it causes, and promised end-game strategies to extinguish cigarettes altogether. New technologies such as e-cigarettes promise to deliver nicotine less riskily. E-cigarettesgive users a hit of vapour infused with nicotine. In America, sales of the manufacturer, who is the fastest e-cigarettes-adopter, have jumped from nearly nothing five years ago to at least l billion in 2013. At first, it looked as if e-cigarettes might lure smokers from the big tobacco brands to startups such as NJOY. But tobacco companies have bigger war chests, more knowledge of smokers' habits and better ties to distributors than the newcomers. Some experts reckon Americans will puff more e-cigarettes than normal ones within a decade, but tobacco folk are skeptical. E-cigarettes account for just 1% of America's cigarette market. In Europe 7% of smokers had tried e-cigarettes by 2012 but only 1% kept them up. And no one knows what sort of restrictions regulators will eventually place on reduced risk products, including e-cigarettes. If these companies can manage the transition to less harmful smokes, and convince regulators to be sensible, the tobacco giants could keep up the sort of performance that has made their shares such a fine investment over the years. But some analysts are not so sure. Many tobacco firms are struggling to deliver the consistency of the earnings-per-share model we've seen in the past. If that persists, investors may fall out of love with the industry. A half-century after the Surgeon General's alarm, they, and hopeless smokers, are its last remaining friends.
1. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that cigarette manufacturing in the United States ______.
Imagine you went to a restaurant with a date; had a burger, paid with a credit card, and left. The next time you go there, the waiter or waitress, armed with your profile data, greets you with, "Hey Joe, how are you? Mary is over there in the seat you sat last time. Would you like to join her for dinner again?" Then you find out that your burger has been cooked and placed on the table. Forget the fact that you are with another date and are on a diet that doesn't include burgers. Sound a little bizarre? To some, this is the restaurant equivalent of the Internet. The Net's ability to profile you through your visits to and interactions at websites provides marketers with an enormous amount of data on you—some of which you may not want them to have. Are you aware that almost every time you access a website you get a "cookie"? Unfortunately, it's not the Mrs. Field's recipe. A cookie on the Internet is a computer code sent by the site to your computer—usually without your knowledge. During the entire period of time that you are at the site, the cookie is collecting information about yourself, including where you visit, how long you stay there, and how frequently you return to certain pages. While this may sound scary enough, cookies aren't even the latest in technology. A new system call I-librarian Alexa—named after the legendary third century B.C. library in Alexandria, Egypt—does even more. While cookies track what you are doing at one site. Alexa collects data on all your web activities, such as which site you visit next, how long you stay there, whether you click on advertisements, etc. All this information is available to marketers, who use it to market more effectively to you. Not only do you not get paid for providing the information, you probably don't even know that you are giving it.
6. In the restaurant story, the author may most probably think the waiter or waitress was ______.
A.stupid
B.polite
C.considerate
D.annoying
A B C D
D
[解析] 推断题。根据第一段中的“Forget the fact that you are with another date and are on a diet that doesn't include burgers. (忘掉你和另一个约会对象的事实，你正在节食，所以不吃汉堡。)”以及第一段其他内容的描述可以推断出作者对这种做法的态度是负面的。四个选项中，B项“有礼貌的”和C项“体贴的”属于积极意义的词汇，不符合文意，故排除。A项“愚蠢的”和D项“令人讨厌的”相比，“令人讨厌的”更加符合作者当时的心情。故本题选D。
7. The author makes up the restaurant story in order to ______.
A.show the good services offered in some web restaurants
B.criticize some restaurants for the poor services
C.show the Internet's ability to collect data on you
D.prove the incredible power of the Internet to change your diet
A B C D
C
[解析] 细节题。根据题干关键词the restaurant story定位到第二段第三句“The Net's ability to profile you through your visits to and interactions at websites provides marketers with an enormous amount of data on you—some of which you may not want them to have. (通过你在网站上的访问和互动，网络可以对你个人进行介绍，为市场营销人员提供了大量关于你的数据，其中一些你可能不希望他们拥有。)”和C项的“show the Internet's ability to collect data on you(展示互联网收集你个人信息的能力)”意思相符。A项“show the good services offered in some web restaurants(展示一些网络餐厅提供的良好服务)”，文章中未提及，属于混淆概念，排除；B项“criticize some restaurants for the poor services(批评一些餐馆服务差)”文章中未提及，无中生有，排除；D项“prove the incredible power of the Internet to change your diet(证明互联网改变你饮食的不可思议的力量)”过度推断，排除。只有C项符合。故本题选C。
8. What can be learned about "cookie"? ______
A.It was created by Mrs. Field.
B.It collects information on you usually without your knowing it.
C.It is a hardware needed to access to your computer.
D.It is the latest in technology.
A B C D
B
[解析] 细节题。根据题干关键词cookie定位到第三段最后“the cookie is collecting information about yourself, including where you visit, how long you stay there, and how frequently you return to certain pages. (cookie收集关于您自己的信息，包括您访问的地方、在那里停留的时间和返回特定页面的频率。)”以及第四段最后一句“Not only do you not get paid for providing the information，you probably don't even know that you are giving it，(你不仅不会因为提供信息而得到报酬，你甚至可能都不知道你在提供信息。)”和B项的“It collects information on you usually without your knowing it，(它通常在你不知情的情况下收集你的信息)”意思相符。A项“It was created by Mrs. Field. (它是菲尔德夫人制作的)”，文章中未提及，属于混淆概念，排除；C项“It is a hardware needed to access to your computer. (它是访问计算机所需的硬件)”未提及，排除；D项“It is the latest in technology. (这是最新的技术)”和第四段第一句“While this may sound scary enough，cookies aren't even the latest in technology，(虽然这听起来很可怕，但cookie甚至不是最新的技术。)”不符合，排除。只有B项符合。故本题选B。
9. What can be learned about "Alexa"? ______
A.Alexa is named after an ancient hero in Egypt.
B.Alexa is installed in libraries.
C.Alexa can provide all the necessary information about history.
D.Alexa can provide more data to marketers than a cookie.
A B C D
D
[解析] 细节题。根据题干关键词Alexa定位到第四段，“All this information is available to marketers, who use it to market more effectively to you. (所有这些信息都可以提供给市场人员，他们可以更有效地向您进行营销。)”和D项“Alexa can provide more data to marketers than a cookie. (亚力克萨可以提供比cookie更多的数据给市场营销人员。)”意思相符，所以D项为正确答案。A项“Alexa is named after an ancient hero in Egypt(亚力克萨是以埃及一位古代英雄的名字命名的)”，和文章中第四段“named after the legendary third century B.C. library in Alexandria, Egypt(以传说中的公元前三世纪埃及亚历山大的图书馆命名)”不相符，属于混淆概念，排除；B项“Alexa is installed in libraries，(安装在图书馆中)”文章未提及，属于过度推断，排除；C项“Alexa can provide all the necessary information about history. (可以提供所有必要的历史信息)”和第四段“Alexa collects data on all your web activities(它可以收集所有网络活动的数据)”不符合，排除。只有D项符合。故本题选D。
10. Which of the following can best reflect the author's attitude towards cookies and Alexa? ______
A.Doubtful.
B.Approving.
C.Welcoming.
D.Optimistic.
A B C D
A
[解析] 态度题。根据题干关键词the author's attitude定位到第四段，最后“you probably don't even know that you are giving it，(你可能甚至都不知道你在提供信息。)”以及第二段第一句“Sound a little bizarre?(听起来有点奇怪?)”均表达了负面的含义，故A项“怀疑的”符合文意。B项“支持的”、C项“欢迎的”和D项“乐观的”均不符合题意。故本题选A。
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