Section Ⅰ Listening Comprehension Directions: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C. Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet, NOT on the ANSWER SHEET. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer your answers from your test booklet onto ANSWER SHEET 1. If you have any questions, you may raise your hand NOW, as you will not be allowed to speak once the test has started. Now look at Part A in your test booklet.
Part A You will hear a talk about a different culture. As you listen, answer Questions 1-10 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You'll hear the talk ONLY ONCE. You now have 60 seconds to read Questions 1-10.
1. A recent trial has got rid of American's interest in the problem of violence against women.
对 错
B
[听力原文]1-10 A recent trial has increased Americans' interest in the problem of violence against women. O. J. Simpson has been accused of killing his former wife. Mrs. Simpson and a friend were stabbed to death outside her home in June. Reports say that Mrs. Simpson had called the police for help several times in the past few years. She reported that her husband had beaten her and she was afraid he would kill her. A jury will be chosen to decide if Mr. Simpson is guilty or innocent. Domestic violence against women, especially wife beating, is a social problem in the US. Medical experts say wife beating is the most serious health threat to American women. The government says more young American women have been injured by men they know than by strangers, and more women are injured in this way than in accidents. Experts say violence against women takes place in almost every social, economic, racial and religious group. A federal crime study says that every year more than four million young American women are beaten severely. Most of the violence is done by their present or former husbands or boyfriends. In the past, many women were afraid to discuss the problem. They did not want anybody to know they were beaten by their husbands or boyfriends. Police usually refused to arrest a man who beat his wife, and the court did not take the issue seriously. Wife beaters were rarely sent to jail. Many women refused to take action against their husbands or boyfriends because they know they would face even greater violence if they did. A serious movement against domestic violence began in the US in the mid 1970's. Many activists were women who had been .beaten. Since then great progress has been made. Activists have formed hundreds of local groups and set up many temporary homes for victims and their children. Progress has also been made in the justice system. Police and the courts now deal with the problem more seriously. In 26 states the police must now arrest wife beaters even if the victim does not cooperate. New legislation was introduced to help stop violence against women. It became part of a new crime bill signed by President Clinton not long ago. It includes programs to improve law enforcement against such crime and training for police and judges, to set up more temporary housing for beaten women and their children, and to establish a special national telephone number to provide information and help to all victims of family violence.
2. Mr. Simpson has beaten his wife and Mrs. Simpson was afraid that he would kill her.
对 错
A
3. Medical experts say lung cancer is the most serious health threat to American women.
对 错
B
4. Domestic violence takes place only in poor families.
对 错
B
5. A federal crime study shows that every year more than 4 thousand young American women are beaten severely.
对 错
B
6. Those men who believe in religions never beat their wives or girlfriends.
对 错
B
7. In the past, government punished the wife beaters very seriously and severely.
对 错
B
8. Many women dare not take action against their husbands or boyfriends just because they are afraid they would face even greater violence if they did.
对 错
A
9. A serious movement against domestic violence began in the US in the mid 1970's.
对 错
A
10. President Clinton signed a new crime bill to help stop violence against women not long ago.
1. How many people does Vera Muller book rooms for?
A.Two people.
B.Three people.
C.Four people.
D.Five people.
A B C D
B
[听力原文]17-20 W: Good morning. My name's Vera Muller. I'd like to book some accommodation for five nights, from April 1st to 5th. M: Just one moment, madam. We are rather full at the moment because of the trade fair. What kind of rooms would you like? W: Three single rooms, all on the same floor. M: I have three double rooms but not three singles available, sorry. W: What's the difference in price? M: Single rooms are 400 francs, doubles are 700 francs. W: I see. What kind of rooms are the double rooms? M: Very nice rooms, madam. I can give you three doubles on the sixth floor overlooking the city. They have balconies and bathrooms. W: One of the guests is in a wheelchair. Are these rooms accessible by wheelchair? M: No, madam. The lift goes to the 5th floor only. In that case you could have three rooms on the ground floor, one single and two doubles. No view of the city, but close to the garden. W: Do you have a small conference room I can reserve for April 3rd all day? M: Yes, we have a nice quiet room that will take about 12 people, would that be suitable? W: That would be fine. And are the public rooms all accessible without having to go up or down steps? M: Yes, madam. The restaurant is on the first floor -- there's a lift. Otherwise everything including the conference room is on the ground floor. W: All right, fine. Then I'd like to book the three rooms on the ground floor for Acme International. The guests names are: Mr H. Meier, Miss A. Schwarz and Mr D. Negri. M: Thank you, so that's three rooms on the ground floor arriving on April 1st and departing on April 6th. And the conference room all day on April 3rd. W: Right. M: OK. Can I have your telephone number please? W: Yes. It's 4122-3489. I'll confirm this by telex. M: Fine, thank you, Ms Muller. Goodbye. W: Bye.
[听力原文]17-20 My father was a very intelligent man. He got his college degree in mathematics and physics, meaning he had a very cognitive reasoning sense. He was logical. He belonged to Mensa, the organization comprised of the people with the highest IQs in the world, I can remember as a child some of the questions that dad would pose to my brothers and me that came from assorted Mensa tests. I entered college in 1971, at the University of Kentucky. I attended in part due to a music scholarship, but pissed it away by not applying myself. I was sure that dad was the most upset father. I didn't finish school. I was too young to realize what a college degree could bring me. I transferred to a college close to home for my second year, but it was no use. As the years went by, Dad didn't hesitate to remind me that I was never too old to go back to college. I never listened to him. I was married, had a young child, and was busy living my own life. Finally, in the spring of 1986, when I had just turned 33, and dad was a few months short of 53, I decided to go back to college. I really don't know what it was that made me finally decide to go back. Maybe it was driving a truck for a living, maybe it was having a daughter just starting school herself and maybe it was dad's constant reminders. Whatever it was, I decided to go back. During the enrollment process, my transcripts were scrutinized by the dean of admissions. He told me, upon reviewing my transcripts, that I didn't show the "mental aptitude" to attend West Virginia State. I explained to him that, at that time, I was a young, immature man, wasting my parents' money. Now I was an adult, and spending my own money, and I had every intention to do as well as possible. Finally, he told me that my enrollment was accepted under the provision that there was fine with me for my poor transcripts.
6. Where did the man once study?
A.At the university of New Jersey.
B.At the university of Iowa.
C.At the university of Kentucky.
D.At the university of Virginia.
A B C D
C
7. What was the man's response to his father's repeated reminding?
A.He was unwilling to follow his father's instruction.
B.He spent plenty of time improving his own IQs.
C.He was indifferent to his father's words.
D.He was determined to receive higher education.
A B C D
D
8. What can be concluded from the text?
A.I became a member the organization.
B.I told my children of the importance of going to college.
9. When did the man enter the field of fair trade?
A.While he was doing his degree in ecology.
B.After he founded Friends of the Earth in Norwich.
C.When he was working with the Natural History Museum.
D.While he was working for Traidcraft.
A B C D
C
[听力原文] 11-13 W: How did you become involved in fair trade? M: My degree was in ecology and I was a founder member of Friends of the Earth in Norwich. While I was an education worker at the Natural History Museum, London, a friend introduced me to fair trade and I started off as a sales agent for Traidcraft. Fair trade appealed because it combines the environmental and development movements. W: What do you think are the most important next steps in fair trade? M: We need to find out more about the consumers who should be buying fair trade products but aren't--discover what gets in the way. Fair trade in the UK is doing really well at the moment. Strong companies like Twin and Equal Exchange have become actively involved in the mainstream, and about half a million people regularly buy fair trade goods. But some people still hesitate because they are unsure of quality. Also we want to broaden the range of fair trade products available. W: What has been the highlight of your career in fair trade? M: There is one moment that sticks in my mind. When I first joined the Fairtrade Foundation I visited a tea estate in India to talk to local people and workers. I came away thinking I had raised too many expectations, and felt very "foreign" to them. However, when I returned there two years later I emerged from the plantation gate to find a queue of local people who wanted to talk to me about other changes they hoped for. Two things about this were important. They saw that fair trade existed to improve their situation. And it showed a level of trust--they could come to me with complaints knowing it wouldn't be counted against them.
10. What seems to be the problem facing fair trade?
A.Consumers' indifference.
B.Uncertainty of product quality.
C.Lack of support form the government.
D.Lack of strong companies' involvement.
A B C D
B
11. What did his Indian experience show?
A.Local people were doubtful of their motives.
B.Local people were disappointed by the foreigners.
C.The Fairtrade Foundation were unaware of the local situation.
D.The Fairtrade Foundation won a certain level of trust from the locals.
1. How many languages are used throughout the world today?
Over 3,000 languages
[听力原文]21-30 There are over 3,000 languages that are used throughout the world today. Almost all of these languages belong to a much smaller number of language families. All of the languages within a language family are related and all of them have a similar history. Therefore, the grammar, vocabulary, and sounds of related languages are similar. In addition, the way of thinking and the style of talking among related languages is similar. Even though there are over 3,000 languages that are used today, there are only 20 or 30 major language families. Let's take a brief look at some of the largest language families. Each of these large families includes many individual languages. The language that we are using now is English and English is, of course, a member of a large language family. English is a member of the Indo-European language family. The IndoEuropean language includes most of the languages that are spoken throughout Europe. language such as English, French and Greek. Of course, nowadays, many Indo-European language are spoken in other part of the world. For instance, Spanish, which is an Indo-European language is spoken throughout South and Central America, but originally it was spoken only in Europe. Another large language family is the Mm-Asiatic family. The Afro-Asiatic family includes most languages in the area of North Africa and the Middle East. Language such as Arabic, which is spoken throughout the Middle East anti many of the local languages of the Sahara Desert region such as Hausa are members of the same family. Another large family is Bantu. Bantu includes most of the languages spoken in central and southern Africa. In the past few hundred years, there has been a great deal of change in Africa, and outside languages, such as French, are now spoken in some areas of central Africa and southern Africa. A fourth large group of languages is the Sino-Tibetan family. Sino-Tibetan includes all dialects of Chinese, which is perhaps the most widely used language in the world. There are nearly eight hundred million speakers of Chinese dialects. Sino-Tibetan also includes the languages of southeast Asia, languages such as Vietnamese and Thai. Of course, not all the languages of east Asia belong to this family. Some languages such as Japanese seem to be completely unrelated to the Sino-Tibetan family. Still another major language family is Polynesian. The Polynesian languages are island languages. They are spoken on the islands around Indonesia, and on the many islands eastward all the way to Hawaii, and on the islands west all the way to Madagascar, off the east coast of Africa. Hawaiian and Indonesian are examples of Polynesian languages. Apparently, these languages Were spread by travelers from islands to islands, and then each group of islands developed its own individual language. These five language groups, or language families, which we have mentioned here are only a few of the major language families from around the world. There are many more. You should also note that each major language family has several smaller families within it.
2. How many major language families are there today?
20 or 30
3. Which language family does English belong to?
Indo-European language family
4. Which language belongs to the Indo-European language family, but is spoken throught South and Central America?
Spanish
5. Which language family includes most languages in the area of North Africa and the Middle East?
The Afro-Asiatic family
6. How many speakers do Chinese dialects have?
Nearly 800,000,000
7. What's the relation between Japanese and the Sino-Tibetan family like? (Fill in the blanks by writing NO MORE THAN THREE words)
Completely unrelated
8. Languages in the Polynesian family were spread by ______ from islands to islands.
travellers
9. Each group of islands developed its own
individual language
10. You should also note that each major language family has several ______ within it.
smaller families
Section Ⅱ Use of English Read the following text and fill each of the numbered space with ONE suitable word. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET 1. Sixty years ago the average American could 1 to live to be 50;today he should reach 73. The death rate of babies has gone 2 steadily, and now fewer than 2 percent of infants 3 in their first year. A major health problem in the United States is the 4 of the aged who suffer 5 lingering illnesses. Good medical care, numerous hospitals, and extensive public health services are 6 all over the nation. Many Americans carry insurance to help them meet medical expenses that may 7 . The Federal Government helps those who cannot 8 for health benefits. The Medicare program, authorized by Congress in 1965, assists persons 65 and 9 in paying for hospital care, home-nursing services, and outpatient hospital diagnosis; it is financed 10 the national social security program. Medicaid is 11 to most public welfare recipients. It was designed by Congress to help lift the increasingly heavy burden of health and medical costs 12 the shoulders of the poor and families that include aged, blind or disabled members. The government also contributes 13 the construction costs of some hospitals. Today there are more 14 7 000 hospitals in the United States; many 15 some free or low-cost care to those who cannot pay. Some 400 are operated by the Federal Government, 16 by state and local governments, churches and other organizations, individuals, 17 corporations. About five out of six factory and office workers, 18 with their families, are covered by group health plans paid for by 19 or jointly by workers and employers. Many industrial organizations provide medical services for their workers. Health rooms, with hospital equipment and a trained nurse, are 20 in many factories and office buildings.
1.
expect
2.
down
3.
die
4.
care
5.
from
6.
available
7.
arise
8.
pay
9.
over
10.
under
11.
available
12.
from
13.
to
14.
than
15.
provide
16.
others
17.
or
18.
along
19.
employ
20.
found
Section Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
Part A Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Text 1 Cowbirds, like cuckoos, are brood parasites—that is, they lay their eggs in the nests of other birds and leave those others to do the hard work of raising their changeling young. But there is a difference. A cuckoo chick usually pushes the original nestlings out, so that it can monopolise the food brought by its unwitting adoptive parents. Cowbird chicks, by contrast, seem to tolerate their nestmates. That seems odd. So odd, in fact, that Jeffrey Hoover and Scott Robinson of the Illinois Natural History Survey decided to look into the matter. What they found is that the host bird's real chicks are pawns in a protection racket of a sort the Sicilian Mafia would be proud to have invented. The victims of the racket are prothonotary warblers. These birds do not reject cowbird eggs even though they look quite different from their own. That in itself is intriguing, for cuckoos, again in contrast to cowbirds, lay eggs that mimic those of their hosts. Dr. Hoover and Dr. Robinson demonstrated what was going on by erecting 182 warbler nestboxes at the top of narrow, greasy poles. The first phase of their study was observational. Over the course of six years, they watched 472 nests in which warblers had laid their eggs. Almost half of these were parasitised by cowbirds. But, parasitised or not, almost all—protected as they were from ground-based predators— successfully produced fledgling warblers. Then the experiment began. In the following seasons Dr. Hoover and Dr. Robinson removed cowbird eggs from some of the parasitised nests. At the same time, they reduced the diameter of the entrances to some of the nest boxes, in order to deny admission to cowbirds (which are larger than warblers). Warblers whose nests were thus protected did well, raising an average of four chicks to maturity in the absence of a cowbird parasite. Nests from which cowbird eggs had been removed, but which lacked protection, did badly. In fact, more than half of them were attacked. The eggs were pecked open and the nests themselves torn to pieces. Nests thus attacked yielded, on average, but a single fledgling, whereas those with a cowbird egg in them yielded three warbler fledglings. Paying protection money in the form of food for the cowbird nestling thus looks a good deal from the warbler's point of view, and explains why cowbirds do not need to disguise their eggs to look like those of prothonotaries. The cowbirds' dastardly Wicks do not stop at this protection racket, either, for a fifth of those warbler nests that had never had cowbird eggs in them also got destroyed. Dr. Hoover and Dr. Robinson ascribe this behaviour to a strategy they call "farming". If warblers lose a clutch, they will often produce a second. If a cowbird female fails to lay in a warbler nest in time for her egg to hatch with those of the host, she can reset the clock in her favour by killing the first clutch. Even the Mafia never thought of that one.
1. Both cowbird and cuckoo chicks
A.are raised and grow up in other birds' nests.
B.are laid in other birds' nest and push the original nestlings out.
C.grow up with the original nestlings.
D.are intolerant of the original nestlings.
A B C D
A
2. The author refers to the Sicilian Mafia in the second paragraph because
A.cuckoos seem to be as cruel as the Sicilian Mafia.
B.cowbird disguise their eggs to look like those of the hosts.
C.cuckoos lay eggs quite similar to those of the hosts.
D.cowbirds use the original nestlings for their own advantage.
A B C D
D
3. According to the study by Dr. Hoover and Dr. Robinson, nests
A.which were parasitised by cowbirds failed to produce young birds.
B.which denied cowbirds access did no better than unprotected ones.
C.which had no cowbird eggs but remained unprotected did the worst.
D.with a cowbird egg in them produced the least young.
A B C D
C
4. What do warblers do in order to be protected from cowbirds' attack?
A.They push the cowbirds' eggs out.
B.They provide food for the cowbirds' young.
C.They disguise their eggs to look like those of the cowbirds.
D.They try to block the entrance to deny admission to cowbirds.
A B C D
B
5. Cowbirds do the following except
A.use tricks that seem to be even unmatched by the Mafia.
B.run protection businesses to make others raise their young.
C.time the laying of eggs to coincide with that of the warblers.
D.kill the warblers' eggs to reset the time for warblers to hatch.
A B C D
C
Text 2 Although it takes people with many different skills to keep our planes, ships, railroads, trucks ,and uses on the move, transportation workers have certain traits in common. Because of the millions of travelers who depend on them, transportation workers must be conscientious in their work and pay close attention to detail. The shopworkers who build and repair railroad cars, for example, must do their work carefully so that cars don't break down while they're in use. Air traffic controllers have to pay strict attention to guide planes safely on their proper course. Long-distance truckdrivers must stay wide awake and concentrate on driving for hours at a time. Sailors, drivers, pilots, and railroad engineers all need to be alert while they're on the job. For many transportation workers, the ability to keep calm and work under pressure is important. Meeting schedules—delivering goods or people on time—is very important in the transportation industry. Yet storms, accidents, traffic tie-ups, and other unexpected situations crop up from time to time. Transportation workers have to be able to think quickly and act decisively in order to get things back on schedule as soon as possible. An easygoing personality is an asset for transportation workers who are in direct contact with the public. Local transit bus and taxicab drivers, for example, must have the patience to deal effectively with passengers—the rude ones as well as the pleasant ones—and the steady nerves to drive in all traffic situations, Workers who sell tickets answer questions, listen to complaints, or try to get new business need to be good at dealing with all kinds of people. Some transportation workers need the ability to work as part of a team. In the merchant marine, for example, cooperation and interaction among the deck, engine, and steward's departments are essential for "the smooth sailing "of the ship. Not only do members of the ship's crew work as a team, but they eat, sleep, and socialize together too. Others in transportation need to be able to work independently. Long-distance truekdrivers may spend days alone on the road. They must organize their time and set a steady speed in order to deliver goods on schedule. The things that transportation workers do arc not necessarily strenuous, but they require good health and physical stamina. Baggage attendants, for example, carry and load passengers' luggage on trains, buses, and airplanes. Parking attendants and flight attendants are on their feet and serving customers most of the time. Some jobs may not require much physical activity but demand excellent health just the same. Air traffic controllers, local and long-distance bus and truckdrivers, and locomotive engineers are some examples. These jobs all require workers who are levelheaded and have steady nerves. In many cases workers must pass strict physical exams to enter these occupations.
1. The second paragraph points out that ______.
A.shopworkers are responsible fro ears breakdown when they are in use
B.on most occasions, air crashes are caused by air traffic con trollers' carelessness
C.it would be really hard work for truckdrivers to cover a long-distance journey
D.transportation workers must do their work with great care and on the alert.
A B C D
D
2. It is important for transportation workers to be able to keep calm and work under pressure because ______.
A.millions of travelers depend on them
B.they have to deliver goods or people on time
C.unexpected situations such as accidents, storms, etc, arise at times in their work
D.they have to pay all their attention to their work for a very long time
A B C D
C
3. Which of the following statements is not true?
A.Some transportation workers must have quick response to the public.
B.Transportation workers must be easygoing and patient.
C.Truckdrivers have to deliver goods on schedule completely alone.
D.Sailors must work together to make their successful voyage.
A B C D
A
4. The reasons for transportation workers to have good health and physical stamina show that they will not ______.
A.keep calm and be competent to do their work without good health
B.be healthy without much physical exercise
C.enter transportation occupations without physical exams
D.do their strenuous work well without being physically strong
A B C D
A
5. The writer's main point in writing this article is ______.
A.to illustrate the bitterness and sweetness of transportation workers' life
B.to tell the differences among transportation workers
C.to show that transportation workers have certain traits in common
D.to prove the importance and strict requirements of transportation occupations
A B C D
C
Text 3 Steve Courtney wrote historical novels. Not, he was quick to explain, over-colourful love stories of the kind that made so much money for so many women writers, but novels sot, and correctly set, in historical periods. Whatever difference he saw in his own books, his readers did not seem to notice it, and his readers were nearly all women. He had studied in university, but he had been a particularly good student, and he had never afterwards let any academic knowledge he had achieved interfere with his writing. Helen, his wife, who did not have a very high opinion of her husband's ability as a novelist, had been careful to say when she married him she was not historically minded. Above all, Helen was doubtful whether her relationship with Steve would work at all in the village of Stretton, to which they had just moved. It was Steve who had wanted to move to the country, and she had been glad of the change, in principle, whatever doubts she was now having about Stretton as a choice. But she wondered whether Steve would, before long, want to live in London again, and what she would do if he did. The Stretton house was not a weekend cottage. They had moved into it and given up the London flat altogether, partly at least, she suspected, because that was Steve's idea of what a successful author ought to do. However, she thought he was not going to feel like a successful author half as much in Stretton as he had in London. On the other hand, she supposed he might just start clashing up to London for the day to see his agent or have dinner with his publisher, leaving her behind in Stretton, and she thought on the whole she would like that.
1. What was Steve's attitude towards women who wrote love stories?
A.He would have liked to earn as much money as they did.
B.He was afraid of being compared unfavourably with them.
C.He did not think he could write about the same subjects.
D.He had a low opinion of the kind of books they wrote.
A B C D
A
2. What did Helen have to be careful to hide?
A.Her lack of interest in history.
B.Her low opinion of her husband's writing.
C.Her dislike of her husband's admirers.
D.Her inability to understand his books.
A B C D
B
3. What were Helen's feelings about the move from London to Stretton?
A.She wanted to remain in the country.
B.She had been unwilling to leave London.
C.She thought it was time to return to London.
D.She would have preferred a weekend house in the country.
A B C D
A
4. Helen thought Steve might not be content of Stretton because
A.he would not be able to write so well in file country.
B.he would not feel so important in Stretton.
C.his relationship with Helen was changing.
D.he would net be lonely without all his London friends.
A B C D
D
5. The passage as a whole suggests that Steve's novels were
A.popular but unimportant.
B.serious literary works.
C.admired for their historical truth.
D.written with women readers in mind.
A B C D
A
Part B Choose the most suitable paragraph from the list A-F to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There is one paragraph which does not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 It was a moment most business executives would pause to savor: late last year, German sporting goods pioneer Adidas learned that after years of declining market share, the company had sprinted past U.S. Reebok International to take the second place behind Nike in the race for worldwide sales. But Robert Louis-Dreyfus, the rumpled Frenchman who new runs Adidas, and didn't even stop for one of his trademark Havana cigars in celebration, worried that the company would grow complacent. Instead, he and a group of friends bought French soccer club Olympic de Marseille "Now that's something I have dreamed about since I was a kid." Louis-Dreyfus says with an adolescent grin. 67. ______ With sales in the first three quarters of 1996 at $2.5 billion, up a blithering 30.7% over 1995, it's hard to recall the dismal shape Adidas was in when Loins-Dreyfus took over as chairman in April 1993. Founded in 1920 by Adi Dassler, the inventor of the first shoes designed especially for sports, the company enjoyed a near monopoly in athletic shoes until an upstart called Nike appeared in the 1970s and rode the running fad to riches. By the early 1990s Adidas had come under the control of French businessman Bernard Tapie, who was later jailed for bribing three French soccer players. Although the company tried to spruce up its staid image with a team of American designers, Adidas lost more than $100 million in 1992, prompting the French banks that had acquired control of the company from Tapie to begin a desperate search for a new owner. 68. ______ The poker-loving Louis-Dreyfus knew he had been dealt a winning hand. Following the lead set by Nike in the 1970s, he moved production to low-wage factories in China, Indonesia and Thailand and sold Adidas' European factories for a token one Deutsche mark apiece. He hired Peter Moore, a former product designer at Nike, as creative director, and set up studios in Germany for the European market and in Portland, Oregon, for the U. S. He then risked everything by doubling his advertising budget. "We went from a manufacturing company to a marketing company," says Louis-Dreyfus. "It didn's take a genius—you just had to look at what Nike and Reebok were doing. It was easier for someone coming from the outside, with no baggage, to do it, than for somebody from inside the company." 69. ______ "The marketing at Adidas is very, very good right now," says Eugenio Di Maria, editor of Sporting Good Intelligence, an industry newsletter perceiving Adidas as a very young brand. "The company is particularly strong in apparel, much stronger than Nike and Reebok." Although 90% of Adidas products for wear on street instead of sports fields, Louis-Dreyfus felt the previous management had lost sight of Adidas' roots as a sporting products company. After all, Adi Dassler invented the screw-in stud for the soccer shoe and shod American champion Jesse Owens in the 1936 Olympics. So he sold off or folded other non-core brands that Adidas had developed, including Le Coq Sportif, Arena and Pony. Europe is still the company's largest market because Adidas dominates the apparel industry and thanks to soccer's massive popularity there, Louis-Dreyftts is quick to share credit for the turnaround with a small group of friends who bought the company with him in 1993. One of those fellow investors is a former IMS colleague, Christian Tourres, now sales director at Adidas. "We're pretty complementary because I'm a bit of a dreamer, so it's good to have somebody knocking on your head to remind you there's a budget," says Louis-Dreyfus. Commuting to the firm's headquarters in the Bavarian town of Herzogenaurach from his lakeside house outside Zurich, Louis-Dreyfus also transformed Adidas from a stodgy German company into a business with a global outlook. Appalled on his first day at work that the chief executive had to sign a salesman's travel voucher for $300, he slashed the company's bureaucracy, adopted American accounting rules and brought in international management talent. The company's chief financial officer is Australian and the international marketing manager is a Swede. English is the official language of the head office and no Germans remain on the managing board of the company, now whittled down to just himself and a few trusted aides. "It was clear we needed decentralization and financial controls;" recalls Louis-Dreyfus. "With German accounting rules, I never knew if I was making money or losing." 70. ______ "He gives you a lot of freedom," says Michael Michalsky, a 29-year-old German who heads the company's apparel design team. "He has never interfered with a decision and never complained. He's incredibly easy to work for." 70. ______ The challenge for Louis-Dreyfus is to keep sales growing in a notoriously trend-driven business. In contrast to the boom at Adidas, for example, Reebok reported a 3% line in sales in the third quarter. Last fall Adidas rolled out a new line of shoes called "Feet You Wear" which are supposed to fit more comfortably than conventional sneakers by matching the natural contour of the foct. The first 500,000 sold out. Adidas is an official sponsor of the World Cup, to be held next June in France, which the company hopes to turn to a marketing bonanza that will build on the strength of soccer worldwide. But Reebok also has introduced a new line called DMX Series 2000 and competition is expected to be fierce coming spring.
A. Just as the transition was taking place, Adidas had a run of good luck. The fickle fashion trendsetters decided in early 1993 that they wanted the "retro look", and the three-stripes Adidas logo, which had been overtaken by Nike swoop, was suddenly hot again. Models such as Cindy Crawford and Claudia Schiffer and a score of rock idole sported Adidas gear on television, in films and music videos, giving the the company a free publicity bonanza. Demand for Adidas products soared.
B. Louis-Dreyfus, scion of a prominent French trading dynasty with an M.B.A. form Harvard, earned a reputation as a doctor to sick companies after turning around London-based market research firm IMS—a feat that brought him more than $10 million when the company was eventually sold. He later served as chairman of Saatchi & Saatchi, then the world's largest ad agency, which called him in when rapid growth sent profits into a tailspin. With no other company or entrepreneur willing to gamble on Adidas, Louis-Dreyfus got an incredible bargain from the banks: he and a group of friends from his days at IMS contributed just $10,000 each in cash and signed up for $100 million in loans for 15% of the company, with an option to buy the remainder at a fixed price 18 months later.
C. In another break with the traditional German workplace, Louis-Dreyfus made corporate life almost gratingly informal: employees ostentatiously called him "Rowbear" as he strides down the corridors, and bankers are still amazed when counterparts from Adidas show up for negotiations wearing sweatshirts and sneakers.
D. The company's payroll, which had reached a high of 14,600 in 1986, was pared back to just 4,600 in 1994. (It has since grown to over 6,000.)
E. A sports fun who claims he hasn't missed attending a soccer World Cup final since the 1970s or the Olympic Games since 1968, the 50-year-old Louis-Dreyfus now is eminently well placed to live out many of his boyhood fantasies. Not only has he turned Adidas into a global company with market capitalization of $4 billion (he owns stock worth $250 million), but he also has endorsement contracts with a host of sports heroes from tennis great Steffi Graf to track's Donovan Bailey, and considers it part of the job to watch his star athletes perform on the field. "There are very few chances in life to have such fun." he says.
F. After reducing losses in 1993, Adidas turned to a profit in 1994 and has continued to surge: net income for the first three quarters in 1996 was a record $214 million, up 29% from the previous year. Louis-Dreyfus and his friends made great personal fortunes when the company went public in 1995. The original investors still own 26% of the stock, which sold for $46 a share when trading has doubled to $90.
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E
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B
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A
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C
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F
Part C Note: Answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D and mark it on ANSWER SHEET 1. Some choices may be required more than once. A = Marines and Environment—Related Programs B = Teacher Education Programs C = Honors Programs Which concerns... ※ sophomores must have earned at least a 3. 20 72. ______ cumulative quality point average. ※ working with academic advisors, students can select 73. ______ the courses but suited to their individual academic objectives. ※ students denied admission can petition the department 74. ______ for a review of the decision. ※ the Department of Chemical Engineering offers majors 75. ______ with a marine or environmental focus. ※ students should consult as early as possible with the 76. ______ specific department for additional information. ※ applications for admission are normally submitted 77. ______ during the sophomore year. ※ courses in analytical thinking skills prepare academically 78. ______ talented students to get the most from classes. ※ the colloquium brings distinguished authorities to 79. ______ campus from across the nation. ※ transfer students should be advised that academic 80. ______ work completed at the University. ※ students who reapply for admission to them should 81. ______ understand that this may delay their anticipated graduation date. Marine and Environment-Related Programs Interest in marine science and oceanography at the University dates back to the mid-1930s. Over the past three decades, this strong emphasis on marine studies has extended to environmental topics, developing into an array of undergraduate programs in the natural, physical ,and social sciences. There are over 20 majors with a marine or environmental focus offered by departments in three of the colleges of the University. In the College of Arts and Sciences, the departments are: Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Molecular Genetics; Biological Sciences; Chemistry; Geology; Marine Affairs; and Physics. In the College of Resource Development, the Departments of Fisheries, Animal and Veterinary Science; Food Science and Nutrition; Natural Resource and Environmental Economics; and Natrual Resources Science offer marine and environment-related programs. Finally, in the College of Engineering the following departments offer such programs: Chemical Engineering; Civil and Environmental Engineering; Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics; and Ocean Engineering. Several of the majors are offered jointly with the Graduate School of Oceanography. Working with academic advisors, students can identify their majors and select the courses best suited to their individual academic objectives and career goals. A list of relevant courses appears under the heading "Marine and Environmental Topics" in the section "Courses of instruciton. " Teacher Education Program The university offers a variety of academic programs leading to teacher certification at both the undergraduate and the graduate levels. Undergraduate teacher education programs are offered by departments in the College of Arts and Sciences, the College of Human Science and Services, and the College of Resource Development. The Council for Teacher Education, through the office of Teacher Education, provides the coordination, planning, evaluation, and promotion of all teacher education programs at the University. Students interested in undergraduate teacher education programs are required to apply for admission to the Office of Teacher Education. Applications for admission to teacher education programs are normally submitted during the sophomore year. Applications will be reviewed by a departmental screening committee based on the following criteria: 1) recommendations from faculty and others who have knowledge of the candidate's experience or interest in working in education; 2) a writing sample expressing career goals, experience in working with children, and expectations as a teacher; 3 ) scores on a standardized test (s) of basic skills; 4) the student's academic record, including a cumulative quality point average of 2.50 or better and grades in the academic major or specialization averaging 2.50 or better. Individual departments or programs may also require an interview. Transfer students should be advised that academic work completed at the University is a primary factor in the admission decision. Therefore, students must complete one year of work at the University before they can be considered for admission to the teacher education programs. This may extend the time required for degree completion. Admission to some programs is competitive, and applicants meeting the minimum criteria described above may not be admitted because of limited sapce. For additional information, students should consult as early as possible with the specific department in which they wish to enroll or with their University College advisor. Students denied admission can petition the department for a review of the decision. In such cases, the departmental screening committee meets to consider the appeal. Only exceptional circumstances will lead the appeal committee to override the academic record criteria(2.50 cumulative quality point average and 2.50 in the academic major or specialization). Applicants who fail to gain admission should seek counsel from an appropriate advisor. Students may reapply for admission to a teacher education program but should understand that this may delay their anticipated graduation date. Admissions to teacher education programs at the graduate level are governed by the Graduate School in consultation with academic departments. Students with a bachelor's degree should consult the section "Graduate Programs" in this bulletin and departments regarding individual program requirements. Honors Program The University Honors Program offers motivated students opportunities to broaden their intellectual development and to strengthen their preparation in major fields of study. The program consists of courses in analytical thinking skills which prepare academically talented students to get the most from classes throughout their undergraduate years, a colloquium that brings distinguished authorities to campus from across the nation, special tutorials in major concentrations of study, and independent research projects under the guidance of a faculty sponsor. Honors courses at the 100 and 200 levels treat general topics and usually count for General Education credit in particular divisions. Those at the 300 and 400 levels are more specialized and often are used to fulfill the requirements of a major. Eligibility standards are established by the Honors Program and Visiting Scholars Committee. Students may take honors work if they meet the following standards: freshmen must have graduated in the upper 10 percent of their high school class or must submit a letter of recommendation from their high school principal or guidance counselor, sophomores, juniors, and seniors must have earned at least a 3.20 cumulative quality point average. (Under special circumstances, hese eligibility requirements may be modified with the permission of the Honors Program director.)
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C
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A
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B
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A
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B
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B
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C
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C
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C
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B
Section Ⅳ Writing
1. You have read an article in a magazine which states, "Keeping accurate class attendance record could substantially improve the academic performance of students." To what extent do you agree with the statement? Write an article for the same magazine to clarify your own points of view towards this issue. You should use your own ideas, knowledge or experience to generate support for your argument and include an example. You should write no less than 250 words. Write your article on ANSWER SHEET 2.
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