Part Ⅰ Writing Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a short essay entitled Telephone or Letter. You should write at/east 150 words following the outline given bellow.
1. 有人喜欢用电话交流,因为…… 2. 有人则喜欢用书信交流,因为…… 3. 我的看法。
Telephone or Letter?
Telephone or Letter?
Communication is very important both in the past and at present, and it tends to be more essential in modem society. Telephone and letter are two main means of communication, they both have their advantages and disadvantages. Communicating with other people by telephone is very convenient, especially when you have something urgent. For example, if one of your family members is seriously iii at night, and you don't know how to deal with it and where to find a doctor or a taxi. What can you do? A telephone is the answer. Dial 120 and you will get services from the doctor very soon. In addition, with the quick rhythm of life, people usually don't have as much time to write letters as before, again telephone solves the problem. Friends can chat through the wire. [t seems that telephone shortens the distance between' people. Men can keep in touch with each other more easily. However, still some people prefer writing letters to communicate with friends. First, sending a letter is much cheaper than having a telephone call. Now 6 jiao will be enough to send your letter to your friends living in another city, while maybe at least 2 -3 yuan a minute will be cost for a distant telephone. Second, people can not only greet each other but also exchange their thoughts in letters. Because when a person writes, he must organize his mind and express his ideas and feelings more logically, while telephone often makes people lazy. Finally, people easily keep secret in the letter and say whatever they want to say, while they sometimes can't do that in a telephone. In my opinion, you can combine these two ways together; some unimportant things can be expressed by a telephone, while some important or unspoken things can be done by a letter.
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on the Answer Sheet. For questions 1—4, mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 5—10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
When to Worry About a Fever
THE PANICKED CALL woke Dr. Suzanne Corrigan at 2 a. m. A woman cried, "My child has a high fever. What should I do?" The Irving, Texas, pediatrician quickly asked: How old is the youngster? How high is the fever?" It turned out that the fever measured 101 degrees rectally the equivalent of 100 degrees orally," says Corrigan. "And the baby, a 15-month-old, had fallen back to a peaceful sleep. ' The mother had worried that the fever might go up quickly if she didn't wake the child to give medication. Corrigan reassured her that the fever was mild and simply the body's natural response to fighting off an invader, most likely a virus. The doctor advised her to let the baby sleep, unless other symptoms appeared. "Like many people, this mother mistakenly assume that having a fever means you're seriously ill," says Corrigan, of the American Academy of Pediatrics. "I tell patients that fever itself isn't an illness. It's how the body revs up the immune system to defend against infection." An unreasonable fear of elevated temperature, a common reaction, is called "fever phobia" by Dr. Barton D. Schmitt, professor of pediatrics at The Children's Hospital in Denver. Few people, says Schmitt, realize that fever itself is rarely dangerous, and by treating it aggressively with aspirin or acetaminophen, they may actually slow recovery. Here are six surprising facts about fever you should know to protect yourself and your family. 1. The concept of 98.6 as the body's "normal" temperature is out of date. Says Dr. Philip A. Mackowiak of the University of Maryland School of Medicine: "The normal temperature is actually a range rather than one single number. And there's a great deal of individual variation." The body's natural circadian rhythms prompt daily temperature fluctuations of about one degree Fahrenheit, but some people have oscillations as wide as 2. 4 degrees or as narrow as 0.1 degree. Children tend to have slightly higher normal temperature than adults and are more likely to run high fevers in response to infection. Elderly people tend to have lower body temperatures than younger adults. Ordinary actions can raise temperature: digesting a big meal, being in the sun, prolonged crying in babies, exercise. But body temperature rarely rises higher than about 106. 5 degrees with two main exceptions: a trauma or tumor that damages the hypothalamus (the part of the brain controlling temperature), and, more commonly, heat stroke, which must be treated immediately to prevent damage to body organs, or death. 2. Taking medication to lower a fever may prolong illness. Here's how fever works: When white blood cells recognize an intruder, they release proteins that travel to the hypothalamus and prompt it to raise the body's thermostat. The body reacts to this by generating heat, often through shivering. "Many immunological functions appear to be more efficient at a higher temperature," says pediatrician Timothy Doran of The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. "And some bacteria and viruses don't grow as well at higher temperatures. Recent studies show that when animals are exposed to bacteria but prevented from running a fever, many die of infections they might have survived. Doran researched children with chickenpox, and found that "it took those who were given acetaminophen about half a day longer to recover" than it did those whose fevers were untreated. While most people are probably better off not suppressing fevers that cause no discomfort, there are exceptions. Coronary patients and those with such chronic conditions as arthritis and diabetes should contact a physician immediately. To balance the risks and benefits of treating fever, a lot depends on the patient's comfort. "Data show that fever does good, but it also can cause real discomfort—usually beginning at around 101.5 degrees," says Dr. Allen Mitchell, professor of public health at Boston University School of Medicine. "If a fever is making you achy and miserable, many doctors recommended taking a medication such as aspirin, acetaminophen, or ibuprofen. "But cautions Mitchell, never use aspirin to treat fever in children or adolescents, since it increases the risk of the rare, potentially fatal condition called Reye's syndrome. 3. A fever doesn't necessarily mean a serious illness. "I'm much more concerned about a nonresponsive child with a temperature of 101 degrees than a playful child with a temperature of 104 degrees," says Erdenheim, Pa. , pediatrician Daniel Hyman. "Watch how the patient looks and acts, instead of relying only on the thermometer." This is particularly important with newborns and the elderly, since their immune systems may not be fully functional and they often won't run a fever even when very ill. Fortunately, nature gives other indicators of infection. A sick infant may stare and have grayish skin or cold limbs. In the frail elderly, look for tiredness anti mood change. 4. "High" fevers rarely cause brain damage or death. A temperature needs to soar over 106. S degrees, and that's unlikely, before there is risk of brain damage. Yet when Dis. Schmitt surveyed parents, he discovered that most thought a temperature of 104 degrees or less can cause serious neurological side effects, including brain damage. His study revealed that more than half of parents gave fever-reducing medicine for temperatures of 98. 6 to 100 degrees—which are possibly normal. "Some people get frantic" says Schmitt, "if medication won't get the temperature down to 98. 6. Yet a correct dose will only bring a temperature down by two or three degrees, so ff you start at 103, the most you can expect is to bring it down to 100." To counter fever phobia, Schmitt says physicians and nurses "need to tell parents the main reason for treatment is to help the child feel comfortable, not to prevent harm." 5. If you're Sick, there's no need to take your temperature frequently. "The time to take a temperature is when your health-care provider asks you," says Dr. Michael Rothenberg, co-author of Dr. Spock's Baby & Child Care. For a doctor, a temperature reading is one of the diagnostic markers used to determine over the phone whether you should come to the office. To find out ff you have a fever caused by illness, wait until you've been quiet for an hour or so before using a thermometer. Rectal temperatures are the most accurate and recommended for young children; oral temperatures are preferred for older children and adults. A rule of thumb from Dr. Boyd Shook of the Central Oklahoma Medical Group in Oklahoma City: "Unless your doctor tells you, never wake someone to take a temperature or give fever medication. Sleep is very valuable to someone who is sick". 6. If you have a fever, you don't need to stay in bed. Sleep if you want to, but don't feel compelled. "Getting in bed and covering yourself with blankets can make the problem seem more serious," Says internist Charles Kennedy, medical editor of the Mayo Clinic Health Letter. "While it's good to rest and avoid undue fatigue, being ih bed isn't necessarily beneficial. "Rather than forcing yourself or your child to lie still, just relax quietly around the house. WHEN FEVER STRIKES, here's what doctors do advise: Call your physician when: an infant three months or younger has a temperature of 100. 2 degrees or more; a baby between three and six months has a temperature of 101 degrees or greater; a child older than six months has a fever of 103 degrees. For adults, call the doctor if: a fever is 103 degrees, or more; a temperature of 101 degrees lasts more than three days--even ff there are no other apparent symptoms; a low-grade fever continues for several weeks. Also call a doctor for fevers accompanied by: severe headache or still neck, mental confusion, sore throat, bad aches and pains, coughing that brings up sputum or blood, inconsolable irritability or excessive sleepiness, rash or vomiting, difficulty breathing and bloody diarrhea or blood in stools. The recent scare about "flesh eating" strep infections is a reminder, experts say, to have infected wounds examined promptly. Consult a doctor about fevers over 102 degrees when infections are evident. Drink plenty of fluids to avoid dehydration. This is particularly important for elderly people, who have a greater risk of complications, such as stroke, when they are dehydrated. Drink frequently enough to pass clear urine every two hours. But heart and kidney patients should check with their physician before forcing fluids. Eating moderately. It's wise to avoid heavy meals, but you should eat if you're hungry. If you have diarrhea or have been vomiting, avoid dairy products and stick to bland foods like flee, applesauce and dry toast. Try a gentle sponge bath. Children with a 104-degree temperature or higher may be more comfortable if their fever is lowered with a sponge bath. But if the child has been given acetaminophen, wait 30 minutes to an hour before the bath. This will avoid chilling the youngster whose temperature is already coming down because of the medicine. Use lukewarm water, since cold water can cause shivers and elevate temperature. Avoid alcohol rubs--children may absorb toxic amounts of alcohol through their skin. Finally, don't panic. Remember: fever is a normal response to infection, and no major problems generally come from fever itself. As Suzanne Corrigan of the American Academy of Pediatrics puts it:" In many ways, fever is a friend, not a foe."
1. It's not easy to cure a fever.
NG
2. Children tend to have slightly higher normal temperature than adults.
Y
3. If you have a fever, you must stay in bed.
N
4. Drink plenty of fluids is particularly important for elderly people who have a fever.
Y
5. Elderly people tend to have lower ______ than yuonger adults.
body temperatures
6. A sick infant may stare and have ______ or cold limbs.
grayish skin
7. To find out if you have a fever caused by illness, wait until you ______ for an hour or so before using a thermometer.
have been quiet
8. If your infant ______ has a temperature of 100.2 degrees or more, you should call your physician.
three months or younger
9. Children with a 104-degree temperature or higher may be more comfortable if their fever is lowered with ______.
a sponge bath
10. Fever is a ______ to infection, and no major problems generally come from fever itself.
normal response
Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension
Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
[解析] M: Well, have you got anything to declare? Is that the case you've been taking? W: Oh, just one suitcase. Q: What's the probable relationship between the two speakers?
2.
A.The present house is too old.
B.The new house is more comfortable.
C.The old house is far from her work.
D.She needs a quiet place.
A B C D
D
[解析] M: I was told that you are moving to a new house soon. W: Yes, My present neighbor plays the radio all night long and I can't bear it. Q: Why is the woman moving?
3.
A.She finds her handbag missing.
B.She forgets where she put the keys;
C.She can't find her keys.
D.She left her keys in the office.
A B C D
C
[解析] M: What's the matter? You seem to have lost something. W: Yes, I remember I did put the keys to the office in my handbag, but they are missing now. Q: What is said about the woman.
4.
A.Buy a table in the shop.
B.Eat at a restaurant.
C.Look for a nice restaurant.
D.Order a meal by telephone.
A B C D
B
[解析] W: The restaurant we are going to is well known for its Chinese food. M: Well, I hope we'll be able to find a table when we get there. Q: What are the speakers going to do?
5.
A.They had a happy weekend.
B.It was not so bad as the woman thought.
C.The woman's health is getting worse.
D.He agrees with the woman.
A B C D
D
[解析] W: Oh dear, what an awful weekend! M: Couldn't be worse ! Q: What does the man mean?
6.
A.At a hospital.
B.At a library.
C.At a bookstore.
D.At a restaurant.
A B C D
D
[解析] W: Do you want anything else? M: Yes, t still want some salad, some bread and some soup. Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?
7.
A.5:35.
B.5:15.
C.5:30.
D.5:20.
A B C D
A
[解析] M: When do you think Miss Harris will be back? W: When she left at 5:15 she promised to be back in 20 minutes. Q: When will Miss Harris return?
8.
A.John is always sad.
B.He thinks the woman is right.
C.He will talk to John.
D.John is actually happy.
A B C D
B
[解析] W: John certainly has been in a bad mood today. M: I'll say he has. Q: What does the man mean?
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
C.Erosion and the deposit of sediment on the deep sea floor.
D.Waves or currents that deep in the ocean.
A B C D
B
[解析] 19-22 W: Dr. Smith. I need to ask you about something in Chapter 12. Well it talks about erosion and the deposit of sediment on the deep sea floor, but I'm confused, because, well, for that to happen there would have to be some kind of force down there moving the mud or sand or whatever, right. But l thought there weren't any waves or currents that deep in the ocean. M: That's not exactly true. It's true that deep down on the ocean floor we won't have the same kinds of currents we find in shallower parts. But we do find what we call turbidity currents. This wasn't in the book but the term came up in class. Do you remember what it means? W: Umh, turbidity currents? Oh, yeah! Isn't that when sediment like sand or mud gets stirred up and mixes with water and then this mixer kind of flows through the water around it, right? M: Good! W: Umh, but I thought that only happened in rivers. M: Well, yes. This does occur in rivers, but we see turbidity currents deep in the ocean as well. W: But how do they get started there? M: Earthquakes mostly, when an earthquake occurs under water, it throws up tremendous, amounts of mud or sand that becomes suspended in a layer of water near the bottom of the ocean. This layer is so much denser and heavier than other ocean water that it flows right down the slopes o f the ocean floor and gains more and more speed as it moves along. Then it's just like the winds blowing across the desert picking up sand from one place and moving it along and finally dropping it somewhere else. 19. What does the professor ask the student to explain?
2.
A.It has different color.
B.It has air inside.
C.Sediment gets stirred up and mixes with water.
D.It's not mentioned in the conversation.
A B C D
C
[解析] How is a turbidity current different from the water around it?
3.
A.It throws up tremendous amounts of mud or Sand.
B.It happens unexpectedly.
C.The earthquake breaks houses and' roads.
D.The earthquake can change the desert.
A B C D
A
[解析] According to the professor, how do earthquakes cause turbidity currents?
4.
A.It's a comparison, he wants to describe how earthquakes cause turbidity currents.
B.He wants to describe desert winds.
C.He means desert winds can cause turbidity currents.
D.He just talks about another topic.
A B C D
A
[解析] Why does the professor mention desert winds?
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
[解析] 23-25 W: Good afternoon. This is Jane speaking. How can I help you? M: Hi, I am calling in regards to a cell phone I bought from you a while back and from the warranty card it seems this is the right number to call. So anyways... I am afraid I'm going to have to complain about the reception signal on my hand phone. I can't seem to get incoming and outgoing calls and it always gives me a busy signal. Do you know what could be the problem? W: Could you tell me how long this has been happening? I ask that because it will likely tell me whether the problem is with your equipment or reception. M: A couple of days ago. Initially I thought it could be the hand phone's problem but then I realized it was probably the receiver signal. W: please give me your number and I will check whether there is any problem on the line. M: 9988777. W: Thank you. Please hold onto the line and I will get back to you in a minute. M: Sure. W: Sorry to keep you waiting Sir. I have checked your number and everything is fine. It could be due to our line upgrading and sometimes it could affect certain mobile numbers, Our apologies for your inconvenience. M: How long do I have to wait before the signal returns to normal? W: Well, another couple more days. I tell you what, I will give this feedback to our technician and if the problem still exists after two days, please give us a call and we will help you to solve it. M: Oh—but you bet I will phone if I don't get this fixed soon. It's not as if I can do without my cell phone for very long. 23. Where does the conversation take place?
2.
A.Can receive the calls but always cut off halfway.
B.Can make calls but the signal is not clear.
C.Can not receive or make calls since it makes a busy signal.
D.Can receive but not make any calls.
A B C D
C
[解析] What's the man's problem?
3.
A.Complain again if the company's service is too slow.
B.Ask for a refund.
C.Buy another phone.
D.Complain to the manager
A B C D
A
[解析] What does the man intend to do in the future?
Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding Fetter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
Passage One Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you've just heard.
[解析] 26-29 In the United States, the average age of a college student used to be between eighteen and twenty-six years old. Not any more. Over the years, this has changed. Now many colleges and universities boast a large number of non-traditional students. Many of these non-traditional students are older than the traditional students. Senior citizens are joining the ranks of non-traditional students on campuses throughout the United States. These non- traditional students frequently work during the day and go to school at night or on weekends. They may have started college after they graduated from high school, but later, because of family, or work responsibilities, had their education interrupted. Traditional Students benefit from having older students in their classes. Senior citizens are excellent role models for some younger students who may not take college as seriously as they should. Senior attend college or the university, not because they have to, but because they want to. Some senior citizens take individual college courses only for personal enrichment. Others attend college to fulfill their lifelong dream of earning college degrees. 26. How old did most college students in United States used to be?
2.
A.Are embarrassed that they have non-traditional students.
B.Are proud that they have non-traditional students.
C.Are angry with the non-traditional students.
D.The article doesn't say how they feel.
A B C D
B
[解析] What are the attitudes of some American colleges and universities now?
3.
A.Keep traditional students from learning.
B.Provide role models for younger students.
C.Should be forbidden to take college classes.
D.Are very good at their studies.
A B C D
B
[解析] Which of the following statements is correct about senior citizens?
4.
A.Because they have to.
B.Because they want to.
C.Because their children want them to.
D.Because they don't know how to spend their spare time.
A B C D
B
[解析] What is the reason for senior citizens attending college?
Passage Two Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you've just heard.
[解析] 30-32 It may be Surprising to learn that there are many deaf people who can sing. They do not sing with their voices; they sing with their hands. Using hand and finger motions to signal words is called signing. Sign language is used by people who have severe hearing problems or deaf. When they use sign language to "sing", their hands "dance". it is a beautiful sight. Many deaf people in the United States use American Sign Language. In ASL some signs express a specific word, while other words and names are spelled out with finger movements that represent letters. There are also special signs for special words such as love and family. Signs can also represent feelings. Just as you can change your voice to illustrate emotions, you can also change your hand movements to show different feelings. 30. What kind(s) of people use sign language?
2.
A.Words, letters and feelings.
B.Only words
C.Words and letters.
D.Only letters.
A B C D
A
[解析] What do signs include?
3.
A.Their voices.
B.Their hands.
C.Their feelings.
D.Both a and b.
A B C D
D
[解析] According to the passage, what can people sing with?
Passage Three Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you've just heard.
[解析] 33-35 My father was a very soft-spoken man, however, he had some very definite ideas about money and work. He believed that work was good for the soul and, besides, money could come in very handy. Papa also felt that the best way to get a job was to already have one. As a teenager, I remember my father being delighted when my brother landed a job working for a major hamburger chain. My brother wasn't very happy about the job but desperately wanted the money necessary to buy his own ear. Although the position was as unglamorous as they come, my father felt that it was a good beginning. He believed that if you had a job, it would show other employers that you are worth hiring. Even to this day, I never resign a position until I am offered another one. Papa's wise counsel has helped me to be gainfully employed ever since I graduated from college. Although papa died a few years ago,' his wisdom will be passed on to generation upon generation. 33. How did the author's brother feel about' his job at the hamburger chain at the beginning?
2.
A.Wait for the satisfying job to come.
B.Work is not important at all.
C.The best way to get a job was to already have one.
D.Always do the same job.
A B C D
C
[解析] What is his father's idea about work?
3.
A.Is thankful for.
B.Doesn't agree with.
C.Is unsatisfied with.
D.Is unhappy about.
A B C D
A
[解析] What does the author think of his father's idea toward work?
Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the .first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. Americans are suffering from a serious sleep 1 while also cutting back on 2 activities as they spend more time at work. A world that "never goes to sleep" offers many diverse activities, but 3 unhealthy and sometimes anti-social 4 for America's adults. Instead of working to live, they are living to work, a shift that has had a 5 impact on their personal lives. Adults report spending less time sleeping, engaged in social and leisure activities. Most Americans say they suffer from sleep problems and when they go to sleep, many sleep alone even if they are married. These are some of the key findings in the National Sleep Foundation's 2001 "sleep in America" poll, which looks at the 6 .between Americans' lifestyles, sleep habits and sleep problems. Sleep 7 continues to be widespread in America. According to the NSF poll, 63% of American adults do not get the 8 eight hours of sleep needed for good health, safety, and optimum performance. 9 .The poll shows good news and had news. The good news is that many Americans say they don't want to give up any more sleep in spite of their hectic lives. 10 . The bad news is fat too many adults still sacrifice sleep, which is unhealthy and counter-productive. Is getting less sleep a trend in developed society? 11 . Let's open up the phone lines at 54389282. And we have our first caller now. Please go ahead...
[解析] 36-46 Americans are suffering from a serious sleep (36) deficit while also cutting back on (37) leisure activities as they spend more time at work. A world that "never goes to sleep" offers many diverse activities, but (38) encourages unhealthy and sometimes anti-social (39) lifestyles for America's adults. Instead of working to live, they are living to work, a shift that has had a (40) profound impact on their personal lives. Adults report spending less time sleeping, engaged in social and leisure activities. Most Americans say they suffer from sleep problems and when they go to sleep, many sleep alone even if they are married. These are some of the key findings in the National Sleep Foundation's 2001 "sleep in America" poll, which looks at the (41) relationship between Americans' lifestyles, sleep habits and sleep problems. Sleep (42) deprivation continues to be widespread in America. According to the NSF poll, 63% of American adults do not get the (43) recommended eight hours of sleep needed for good health, safety, and optimum performance. (44) In fact, nearly one-third report sleeping less than seven hours each week night, though many adults say they try to sleep more on weekends. The poll shows good news and had news. The good news is that many Americans say they don't want to give up any more sleep in spite of their hectic lives. (45) And they would sleep more if they were convinced it would contribute to their quality of life. The bad news is far too many adults still sacrifice sleep, which is unhealthy and counter-productive. Is getting less sleep a trend in developed society? (46) Perhaps some of you callers may be able to shed some further light. Let's open up the phone lines at 54389282. And we have our first caller now. Please go ahead...
2.
leisure
3.
encourages
4.
lifestyles
5.
profound
6.
relationship
7.
deprivation
8.
recommended
9.
In fact, nearly one-third report sleeping less than seven hours each week night, though many adults say they try to sleep more on weekends.
10.
And they would sleep more if they were convinced it would contribute to their quaity of life.
11.
Perhaps some of you callers may be able to shed some further light.
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Section A Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words on Answer Sheet 2. No one should be forced to wear a uniform under any circumstance. Uniforms are demanding to the human spirit and totally unnecessary in a democratic society. Uniforms tell the world that the person who wears one has no value as an individual but only lives to function as a part of a whole. The individual in a uniform loses all self-worth. There are those who say that wearing a uniform gives a person a sense of identification with a larger, more important concept. What could be more important than the individual himself? If an organization is so weak. that it must rely on cloth and buttons to inspire its members, that organization has no right to continue its existence. Others say that the practice of making persons wear uniforms, say in a school, eliminates all envy and competition in the matter of dress, such that a poor person who cannot afford good-quality clothing is not to be belittled by a wealthy person who wears expensive quality clothing; Those persons conveniently ignore such critical concepts as freedom of choice, motivation, and individuality. If all persons were to wear the same clothing, why would anyone strive to be better? It is only a short step from forcing everyone to drive the same car, have the same type of foods. When this happens, all incentive to improve one's life is removed. Why would parents bother to work hard so that their children could have a better life than they had when they know that their children are going to be forced to have exactly the same life that they had? Uniforms also hurt the economy. Right now, billions of dollars are spent on the fashion industry yearly. Thousands of persons are employed in designing, creating and marketing different types of clothing. If everyone were forced to wear uniforms, artistic personnel would be unnecessary. Sales persons would be superfluous (多余的) as well; why bother to sell the only items that are available. The wearing of uniforms would destroy the fashion industry, which in turn would have a ripple effect (连锁反应) on such industries as advertising and promotion. Without advertising, newspapers, magazines, and television would not be able to remain in business. One entire information and entertainment industry would collapse.
1. What is the ultimate effect of wearing a uniform on the individual?
The individual(in a uniform)loses all self-worth.
2. The passage points out that to identify with others is less important than to identify with ______.
oneself.
3. To refute the idea that wearing a uniform can avoid envy, the author argues that it would hinder people from working hard for ______.
the better.
4. To sum up, the author's point of view is that wearing a uniform not only affects individuals, but also does harm to ______.
the economy.
5. What industry could be most directly and seriously affected if people were forced to wear uniforms.
The fashion industry.
Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage One The first cooked-and-frozen French fired potatoes were made in a Long Island factory in 1945. They were burnt at both ends, soft in between and too sweet. But since then, ready made potatoes have saved millions of hours of kitchen work and built fortunes for many businesses. French fries now outsell all other frozen foods. Today there are many kinds of frozen potatoes in stores: cottage fires, creamed, roasted, baked. U. S. food companies used nearly six billion pounds (2.7 billion kilograms) of potatoes a year. Frozen potatoes have less vitamin value than do fresh potatoes. But sales prove that most people don't think this difference is worth washing, peeling and trimming. One of the largest potato businesses is in Presque Isle, Maine. The plant began running in 1964. It's one of the biggest climate-controlled potato storehouses ever built. It holds 60 million pounds(27 million kilograms) of potatoes. The building has 36 barn-size bins. There are machines to heat or cool the air. Potatoes are stored at 45°F(7℃). Cooler air would freeze the potatoes. Warmer air would allow spoiling. In the building, you hear water rushing. Streams of potatoes race to the plant's two French-fry lines. They are 530 feet(162 meters)long. They cost $1 500 000 each. The potatoes drop from belts into a steel tank. A liquid makes the skins soft. Showers wash off the skins. The potatoes then rool into the trimming room. Workers weed out potatoes which are badly shaped or too small. The potatoes then slide into a set of knives. They are sliced into strips and crinklecut on the sides. A bath of hot water follows. Then the potatoes fry in tanks filled with hot oils. The factory uses 60 000 pounds (27 216 kilograms)of oil every 24 hours. Chain-belts shake the oil from the fries. Then the strips go into a 172- foot(52-meter) long tunnel. In it temperatures are below freezing. They come out, frozen stiff, 15 minutes later. Next the French fries are tasted and tested. Finally the fries are weighed and packed by machines. Many people think that potatoes make you fat. It's not so. They have almost no fat. Three-and-a-half ounces(99 grams)of lean club steak have 401 calories. A baked potato has only 93 calories. Potatoes, like bananas, have a high" filling" value. They have a full stomach feeling that deters overeating. They have more vitamin C-which makes bloodvessel walls strong-than do most vegetables. Food expert Wheeler McMillen once wrote, "Maybe someone could build the flavor of chicken gravy into a potato. "It may never happen. But the potato will probably remain the most versatile vegetable.
1. People like frozen potatoes though they contain less vitamin because ______.
Passage Two Controversy erupted in the scientific community in early 1992 over the use of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)fingerprinting in criminal investigations. DNA fingerprinting was introduced in 1987 as a method to identify individuals based on a pattern seen in their DNA, the molecule of which genes are made. DNA is present in every cell of the body except red blood cells. DNA fingerprinting has been used successfully in various ways, such as to determine paternity where it is not clear who the father of a particular child is. However, it is in the area of criminal investigations that DNA fingerprinting has potentially powerful and controversial uses. DNA fingerprinting and other DNA analysis techniques have revolutionized criminal investigations by giving investigators powerful new tools in the attempt to prove guilt, not just establish innocence. When used in criminal investigations, a DNA fingerprint pattern from a suspect is compared with a DNA fingerprint pattern obtained from such material as hairs or blood found at the scene of a crime. A match between the two DNA samples can be used as evidence to convict a suspect. The controversy in 1992 stemmed from a report published in December 1991 by population geneticists Richard C. Lewontin of Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass., and Daniel L. Hartl of Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Mo. Lewontin and Hartl called into question the methods used to calculate how likely it is that a match between two DNA. fingerprints might occur by chance alone. In particular, they argued that the current method cannot properly determine the likelihood that two DNA samples will match because they came from the same individual rather than simply from two different individuals who are members of the same ethnic group. Lewontin and Hartlcalled for better surveys of DNA patterns within ethnic groups in order to determine whether the DNA fingerprinting methods are adequate. In response to their criticisms, population geneticists Ranajit Chakraborty of the University of Texas in Dallas and Kenneth K. Kidd of Yale University in New Haven, Conn., argued that enough data are already available to show that the methods currently being used are adequate. In January 1992, however, the Federal Bureau of Investigation and laboratories that conduct DNA tests announced that they would collect additional DNA samples from various ethnic groups in an attempt to resolve some of these questions. And, in April, a National Academy of Sciences panel called for strict standards and system of accreditation for DNA testing laboratories.
1. When used in criminal investigation, DNA fingerprinting requires ______.
5. National Academy of Sciences has the opinion that ______.
A.DNA testing should be systematized
B.only authorized laboratories can conduct DNA testing
C.the academy only is authorized to work out standards for testing
D.the academy has the right to accredit laboratories for DNA testing
A B C D
B
见文章第四段最后一句,呼吁对DNA检测实验授权制定严格的标准和制摩,应选B。
Part Ⅴ Error Correction Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether l0 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark(∧)in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (—) in the blank. United States government, and the American people. Its history, and the history of the nation's capital, began when President George Washington signed an Act of Congress in December of 1790 declaring what the federal government would reside in a 62. ______ district "not exceeding ten mile square on the river Potomac. "President Washington, 63. ______ together with city planner Pierre L'Enfant, chose the site for the new residence, that is64. ______ now 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue. As preparations began for the new federal city, a competition was held to find a builder of the "President's House. ' Nine proposals were submited, and Irish-born architect 65. ______ James Hoban won a golden medal for his practical and handsome design. Construction 66. ______ began when the first cornerstone was layed in October of 1792. Although President 67. ______ Washington oversaw the construction of the house, but he never lived in it. 68. ______ It was until 1800, when the White House was nearly completed, that its first 69. ______ residents, President John Adams and his wife, Abigail, moved in. Since that time, each President made his own changes and additions. The White House is, after all, the 70. ______ President's public home. It is also the only private residence of a head of state that is71. ______ open to the public, free of charge.