Part Ⅰ Writing Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter of advice to your cousin about how to spend the first winter holiday in college. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.
[范文点评] Pick pocketing ①Yesterday, I witnessed a theft incident on my way home. While waiting for a bus, a woman took her wallet out and paid for a newspaper at a nearby newspaper booth. After putting her wallet back into her handbag and she began to look through the news titles when a middle-aged man brushed past her muttering "Excuse me". Swiftly, her wallet was in the man's hand. ②The crazy pickpocketing has become a national epidemic and poses a grave threat to the residents' and visitors' property safety. Pickpocketing prevention, a daunting task for police, makes sense. All sides involved in this problem must join their efforts to remove this social cancer. ③Everyone share the huge responsibility for demonstrating their justice at proper time. Personal responsibility is vital to build a harmonious society.
[写作点拨] ①审题及布局。从文章的提示要求上看,应该首先对把扒窃时间进行描述,随后对这种不文明的现象进行谴责,最后推导出主题,提出呼吁,即呼吁大家为建设文明社会共同努力。在布局上,根据题目中给出的提纲来展开即可。第一段描述在公共场所所亲眼目睹的扒窃事件;第二段强烈谴责这种不文明行为:第三段呼吁大家共同努力,为消除扒窃行为做出自己的努力。②语言。本文是一篇论说文[考频:9]。通过分析扒窃事件,呼吁大家都应该为建设和谐社会而富有正义感。因此,在论述时,段落之内、句子之间要求运用能表示上下文语义关系的连同。语言要简洁、清新,富有鼓动性。 [写作模板] Yesterday, I witnessed ______ incident on my way home. While ______, ______. After ______ when ______. Swiftly, ______. The crazy ______ has become a national epidemic and poses a grave threat to ______. ______ prevention, a daunting task for police, makes sense. All sides involved in this problem must join their efforts to remove this social cancer. Everyone share the huge responsibility for demonstrating their justice at proper time. Personal responsibility is vital to build a harmonious society.
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
How Should Teachers Be Rewarded?
We never forget our best teachers-those who inspired us with a deeper understanding or an enduring passion, the ones we come back to visit years after graduating, the educators who opened doors and altered the course of our lives. It would be wonderful if we knew more about such talented teachers and how to multiply their number. How do they come by their craft? What qualities and capacities do they possess? Can these abilities be measured? Can they be taught? Perhaps above all:How should excellent teaching be rewarded so that the best teachers--the most competent, caring and compelling--remain in a profession known for low pay and low status? Such questions have become critical to the future of public education in the U.S. Even as politicians push to hold schools and their faculty members responsible as never before for student learning, the nation faces a shortage of teaching talent. About 3.2 million people teach in U.S. public schools, but, according to an estimate made by economist William Hussar at the National Center for Education Statistics, the nation will need to recruit an additional 2.8 million over the next eight years owing to baby-boomer retirement, growing student enrollment and staff turnover (人员调整)--which is especially rapid among new teachers. Finding and keeping high-quality teachers are key to America's competitiveness as a nation. Recent test results show that U.S. 10th-graders ranked just 17th in science among peers from 30 nations, while in math they placed in the bottom five. Research suggests that a good teacher is the single most important factor in boosting achievement, more important than class size, the dollars spent per student or the quality of textbooks and materials. Across the country, hundreds of school districts are experimenting with new ways to attract, reward and keep good teachers. Many of these efforts borrow ideas from business. They include signing bonuses for hard-to-fill jobs like teaching high school chemistry, housing allowances and what might be called combat pay for teachers who commit to working in the most distressed schools. But the idea gaining the most motivation--and controversy--is merit pay, which attempts to measure the quality of teachers' work and pay teachers accordingly. Traditionally, public-school salaries are based on years spent on the job and college credits earned, a system favored by unions because it treats all teachers equally. Of course, everyone knows that not all teachers are equal. Just witness how hard parents try to get their kids into the best classrooms. And yet there is no universally accepted way to measure competence, much less the great charm of a truly brilliant educator. In its absence, policy-makers have focused on that current measure of all things educational: student test scores. In districts across the country, administrators are devising systems that track student scores back to the teachers who taught them in an attempt to assign credit and blame and, in some cases, target help to teachers who need it. Offering bonuses to teachers who raise student achievement, the theory goes, will improve the overall quality of instruction, retain those who get the job done and attract more highly qualified candidates to the profession--all while lifting those all-important test scores. Such efforts have been encouraged by the Bush Administration, which in 2006 started a program that awards $99 million a year in grants to districts that link teacher compensation to raising student test scores. Merit pay has also become part of the debate in Congress over how to improve the 2001 No Child Left Behind Act. Last summer, Barack Obama signed merit pay at a meeting of the National Education Association, the nation's largest teachers' union, so long as the measure of merit is "developed with teachers, not imposed on them and not based on some test score." Hillary Clinton says she does not support merit pay for individual teachers but does advocate performance-based pay on a schoolwide basis. It's hard to argue against the notion of rewarding the best teachers for doing a good job. But merit pay has a long history in the U.S., and new programs to pay teachers according to test scores have already had an opposite effect in Florida and Houston. What holds more promise is broader efforts to transform the profession by combining merit pay with more opportunities for professional training and support, thoughtful assessments of how teachers do their jobs and new career paths for top teachers. To the business-minded people who are increasingly running the nation's schools, there's an obvious solution to the problems of teacher quality and teacher turnover: offer better pay for better performance. The challenge is deciding who deserves the extra cash. Merit-pay movements in the 1920s, '50s and '80s turned to failure just because of that question, as the perception grew that bonuses were awarded to principals'pets. Charges of unfairness, along with unreliable funding and union opposition, sank such experiments. But in an era when states are testing all students annually, there's a new, less subjective window onto how well a teacher does her job. As early as 1982, University of Tennessee statistician Sanders seized on the idea of using student test data to assess teacher performance. Working with elementary-school test results in Tennessee, he devised a way to calculate an individual teacher's contribution to student progress. Essentially, his method is this: he takes three or more years of student test results, projects a trajectory (轨迹) for each student based on past performance and then looks at whether, at the end of the year, the students in a given teacher's class tended to stay on course, soar above expectations or fall short. Sanders uses statistical methods to adjust for flaws and gaps in the data. "Under the best circumstances," he claims, "we can reliably identify the top 10% to 30% of teachers." Sanders devised his method as a management tool for administrators, not necessarily as a basis for performance pay. But increasingly, that's what it is used for. Today he heads a group at the North Carolina-based software firm SAS, which performs value-added analysis for North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee and districts in about 15 other states. Most use it to measure schoolwide performance, but some are beginning to use value-added calculations to determine bonuses for individual teachers.
1. Teaching is an occupation known for______.
A.high status
B.low salary
C.good welfare
D.great ability
A B C D
B
[解析] 题干中的an occupation为该句中a profession的同义改写,known for low pay and low status修饰的是a profession,B的low salary与原文low pay对应,故选B。
2. What's the key factor to strengthen achievement for a school?
A.A good teacher.
B.The class size.
C.Finance.
D.Textbooks.
A B C D
A
[解析] 题干的key factor和strengthen achievement分别是对该句the single most important factor和boosting achievement的同义改写,据此可知题目问的what正是a good teacher,故选A。
3. Merit pay attempts to pay teachers according to ______.
A.the length of working year
B.number of titles attained
C.their working performance
D.profit they made for school
A B C D
C
[解析] 该句提到绩效奖(merit pay)目的在于衡量教师的工作质量并相应给予报酬,据此可知绩效奖是根据教师的工作质量来付薪给教师,C的their Working performance是对the quality of teachers'work的同义替换,故选C。
4. Student test scores have become the key measure of teachers'performance due to ______.
A.the lack of well-accepted standards
B.the absence of federal funding
C.strong theoretical support
D.past successful experience
A B C D
A
[解析] In its absence指的是缺少第4句提到的universally accepted way to measure competence.这是学生考试成绩成为衡量教师表现的原因,A的lack与原文absence同义,well-accepted standards与原文universally accepted way同义,故选A。干扰项B的absence直接照抄原文,但federal funding无原文支持,故不选。
5. How does Hillary Clinton think about the merit pay?
A.She is planning to cancel the merit pay program.
B.She advocates the merit pay for individual teachers.
C.She agrees the school staff should be paid based on performance.
D.She supports that teachers are paid based on working experience.
8. The annual tests for students bring a new,______way to measure the teaching quality.
less subjective
[解析] 此处需填入形容同性成分,修饰way题于中的way to measure the teaching quality是对该句window onto how well a teacher does her job的同义替换,原文的new,less subjective并列修饰该部分内容,据此可知此处需填与new并列的less subjective。
9. Based on the test results in Tennessee, Sanders devised a way to measure how a teacher______to student progress.
A.The man asks Carol to attend Mr. White's class with him.
B.The man asks Carol to lend him the notes from the history class.
C.If Mr. White had a history class last Monday.
D.The man asks Carol for the notes from the science class.
A B C D
B
[听力原文] M: Hi Carol, do you have the notes from Mr. White's history class last Monday? W: Yes, don't worry, you can borrow my notes. I actually went to the class, unlike you! Q: What does the man ask?
此题考查通过内容预测的能力。关键点是听到notes及notes from Mr.White's history class,这里指“历史课的笔记”。
2.
A.The man thinks his rent is very cheap.
B.The man thinks his rent is very expensive.
C.The man thinks he lives in a good area.
D.The man thinks his rent is reasonable.
A B C D
D
[听力原文] W: Wow! Your new apartment is fabulous! So spacious and clean! What's the rent like? M: Well, it's pretty good. I pay 500 dollars a month, which is great for this area. Q: How does the man feel about his rent?
此题考查通过内容预测的能力。关键点是题目问男士认为租金怎样,which is great for this area是答案所在,which在这里指代租金,“在这个地区这是个很好的租价”与reasonable对应。常表示房租还有affordable“负担得起的”。
3.
A.The man wants to see a thrilling movie.
B.The man really loves watching romance movies.
C.The man doesn't want to see a movie.
D.The man wants to see an action movie.
A B C D
D
[听力原文] M: Do you fancy going to the cinema tonight? There's a really great new movie on, starring Jackie Chan. W: No way! You know I'm not interested in action movies. I want to see a romantic love story. Q: What style of movie does the man want to see?
A.He knows her from their elementary school science class.
B.She knows him from computer science class.
C.They went to the same high school.
D.She is his sister.
A B C D
C
[听力原文] M: Annie, who's that new girl in your dormitory? I'm sure I recognize her from somewhere. Have I met her before? W: Of course! She's my sister Amy, you used to be in the same English class at high school. Q: What can be inferred from this conversation?
此题考查通过内容预测的能力。问“谈话暗示什么信息”,infer意为“暗示”。you used to be in the same English class at high school.你过去在高中时和她上同一个班的英语课,对应答案C。
5.
A.The man is thinking of going around the world for a third time.
B.The woman wants to go on vacation.
C.James wants to go on vacation.
D.The man hasn't decided where to go on vacation.
A B C D
D
[听力原文] M: I'm thinking of taking a vacation. But, I have no idea where to go. W: Have you talked to James? He's been around the world twice now, so I'm sure that he will have some excellent ideas. Q: Where is the man thinking of going?
此题考查听细节的能力。解题的关键在于听到But,I have no idea where to go.意为“但是我还不知道要去哪里”。通常在听力中but之后会出现考点。
6.
A.The woman is thinking about applying for a job.
B.They are discussing a movie.
C.They are planning a surprise party for a friend.
D.The man is applying for university.
A B C D
A
[听力原文] W: I'm wondering if I should apply for this. What do you think? M: Well, personally I think that's a great idea. It sounds really interesting and the money's good. Q: What are they talking about?
D.They wish that Kim would be more focused on the housework.
A B C D
D
[听力原文] W: We should really get Kim to do some more housework. This place is filthy again! M: Yes, it's always untidy when it's her turn to clean. Q: What can we find out in this conversation?
此题考查通过内容预测的能力。解题的关键就在首句We should really get Kim to do some more housework.意为“我们真的应该让科姆多做点家务”,对应答案D项。
8.
A.Doctor and patient.
B.Student and teacher.
C.Sales assistant and customer.
D.Manager and office clerk.
A B C D
B
[听力原文] M: I was wondering if it would be ok for me to miss the next class. I must go to visit a friend of mine who is in the hospital at the moment. W: Of course, Vincent. I'm very sorry to hear about your friend. Q: What is the relationship between the man and the woman?
此题考查听细节的能力。解题的关键点在听到class。I was wondering if it would be ok for me to miss the next class.意为“我不知道错过这节课是否合适”。
[听力原文] 19-21 W: I've been reading about a new healthful snack food. It's made from fish. Have you heard anything about it? M: No, I haven't. But I don't like fish very much anyway. W: Not to worry. Although it's made primarily from fish, it actually doesn't have a fishy taste. In fact it can be flavored with tomato, cheese, or chocolate for instance. M: How could it not taste fishy? Do you know how this snack food is made? W: First, the fish is crushed, cooked and fermented, then water and starch are added to make dough. M: It sounds awful. W: Actually the dough is tasteless at that point. So the flavorings are added to give it some taste. M: Well, it still sounds a little strange. But I suppose this product will at least be low calorie and high protein, like a health food. W: Yes, you could call it that. And it has a long shelf life, so it won't spoil quickly. It is also easy to digest and can be made from types of fish that usually aren't eaten or from high grade fish byproducts. M: Mm... Have you got any samples? I might be willing to try the cheese-flavored variety. W: No. None of these seems to be available yet. As I understand it, this fish smack food probably won't be in the stores for another couple of years. So you have a while to get used to the whole idea. M: A couple of years, ha? It may just take me that long, but thanks for telling me about it. 19. What is the conversation mainly about?
A.Because it's the easiest way to communicate with other users.
B.Because it's printed on every card people exchange with others.
C.Because everybody's talking about E-mail nowadays.
D.Because if you don't have one, you will be out of time.
A B C D
A
[听力原文]22-25 W: Well, it seems to me that everybody's talking about E-mail nowadays. (25) When you exchange cards with others, you'll feel out of time and start at a disadvantage if your card hasn't an E-mail address on it. M: (22) I wouldn't be surprised, because, you know, it's the easiest way to communicate with other users over a network. W: Is it? But I was told that we must set up an E-mail system on the network before we can communicate with other users. Is that true? M: Yes, it's not tough to create such a system. However, you need some hardware and software to support it. W: Let me know the hardware needed first. M: A computer and a line that connects you computer with the Internet. W: All right. I was told that I need an account for my E-mail. Where can I get it? M: You can contact an ISP, I mean an Internet Service Provider, to get an account. W: How much do I have to pay for it? M: It varies. (23)You can also get a free E-mail account if you don't have to consider too much for the security of your mails. I know many people prefer free E-mails and they say their correspondence through that kind of account doesn't involve commercial information needed to be strictly kept secret. You can get such a free account simply at home if you have got access to a website with such a service. W: It's so convenient. (25)I may prefer the free E-mail. What about the software? M: You don't need any additional software. (24)Just the IE, the Internet Explorer, bound with Windows, the operating system. W: Thank you so much for your help. 22.According to the man,why is E-mail so popular? [答案详解] 语义理解题【考频:1】。本题关键句为“I wouldn't be surprised,because,you know,it's the easiest way to communicate with other users over a network”,男士明确地说“我丝毫都不奇怪,因为电子邮件是与其他网络使用者进行交流的最简便的方式”。故正确答案为A)。
13.
A.It cannot contain any commercial information.
B.It may not be of a high level of security.
C.You can only use the free E-mail account at home.
D.It is difficult to get access to the website with such service.
A B C D
B
[听力原文] Which of the following is the disadvantage of a free E-mail account? [答案详解] 推理判断题【考频:1】。本题关键句为“You can also get a free E-mail account if you don't have to consider too much for the security of your mails”,男士说“如果你不是太关心邮件的安全性,可以考虑免费邮件账户”,又在后面补充到“有些人说自己的邮件不需要那么保密,所以他们选择免费邮件账户”,由此可见,“免费邮件账户的安全性可能不高”。故正确答案为B)。
14.
A.Internet Explorer.
B.The operating system.
C.IE and Windows.
D.Additional software.
A B C D
C
[听力原文] What is the necessary software for to support the E-mail system? [答案详解] 语义理解题【考频:1】。本题关键句为“Just the IE,the Internet Explorer,bound with Windows,the operating system”,男士说,“不需要额外的软件,只要有IE,即Internet Explorer和windows操作系统绑定即可。”bind“捆绑”,过去分词形式为bound。故正确答案为C)。
15.
A.Print an E-mail address on her card.
B.Check her hardware and software.
C.Pay the ISP for the E-mail account.
D.Try to get a free E-mail account.
A B C D
D
[听力原文] What will the woman probably do after the conversation? [答案详解] 综合推断题【考频:3】。本题关键句为“I may prefer the free E-mail.What about the software?”,文章一开头,女士就说现在人人都在用电子邮件,两人的对话一直是围绕怎样得到邮件账号展开,而且女士明确表示更中意免费的邮件账户,可以推断下一步,女士“会去申请一个免费的邮件账户”。故正确答案为D)。
[听力原文]29-31 A critical factor that plays a part in people's susceptibility to colds is age. The University of the Michigan School of Public Health has done a study that revealed some general rules for the public. It says that infants are the most cold-ridden group. On an average, infants will catch more than six colds during their early years. Besides, boys have more colds than girls when they are under the age of three. When they grow older than three years old, it is easier for girls to catch cold than the boys. Girls might catch three colds, while boys catch two on average. Generally speaking, the incidents of colds continue to decline while people are growing older. Elderly people who are in good health have as few as one or two colds every year. One exception is found among people in their twenties, especially women, who show a rise in cold infections. This is because people in this age group are most likely to have young babies. Adults who delay having children until their 30s and 40s experience the same sudden increase in cold infections. The study also found that economics plays an important role. As income increases, the frequency at which colds are reported in the family decreases. Families with the lowest income suffer about a third more colds than families at the upper end. Lower income generally forces people to live in more limited space than those occupied by rich people, and crowding will increase the possibility of cold infections. Question 29:According to the passage,what is an important factor influencing people's susceptibility to cold?
根据“A critical factor that plays a part in people's susceptibility to colds is age.”,可以选择答案为D。
2.
A.Old people.
B.Teenagers.
C.Infants.
D.Adults.
A B C D
C
[听力原文] Which group of people is identified by the research as the most cold-ridden group?
文中提到“…a study that revealed some general rules for the public.It says that infants are the most cold-ridden group.”,据此答案是C。
3.
A.Their food is less nutrient.
B.They do not have enough money to go to hospital.
C.They live in narrow space where colds infection rate is higher.
D.They have to work very hard.
A B C D
C
[听力原文] According to the passage,why do poor people get more colds than rich people?
A.The Russian name for the spacecraft means "traveler".
B.It was launched toward the end of the 1950s.
C.It was resulted from Soviet and American scientists.
D.The spacecraft was a small aluminum ball fitted with a radio.
A B C D
C
[听力原文]33-35 Since the beginning of history, people on the earth have always watched the sky and wondered about the things they saw. As centuries of discoveries flew by, it became obvious that humans would not be content to just gaze at the solar system. We wanted to fly into it and explore it as well. Once again, technology allowed us to accomplish our goal. (33)On October 4, 1957. a Soviet rocket sent the first man-made satellite into space. It was called Sputnik, the Russian word for "traveler". Even though Sputnik was nothing more than a small aluminum ball with a radio inside, it started a whole new era of space exploration. In May 1961 President John F. Kennedy challenged American scientists to land a person on the moon before the end of the 1960s. (34)In the quest to do this, scientists faced many obstacles. For example, to get a spaceship all the way to the moon and back would demand a rocket engine powerful enough to make the trip. (35)Scientists realized that it would be difficult for one heavy rocket loaded with fuel to reach the moon. Instead, they decided to use a multistage rocket. When the fuel in one stage of the multistage rocket is used up, that stage will fall away. This makes the rocket lighter, and the engine of the next stage can go on providing power and thrust the rocket even faster and higher. As you know, Americans successfully landed on the moon in July 1969. Since then our knowledge of the solar system has increased dramatically. 33.Which of the following is NOT true of the first manned space flight?
[分析] 在谈到first manned space flight时,听力中提到On October 4, 1957, a Soviet rocket sent the first man-made satellite into space,由此可见送入太空的第一颗人造卫星是由苏联火箭送入太空的,而不是美国和苏联合作的结果。同时根据历史常识也可知道,当时的美苏处于军事争霸时期,不可能进行合作,所以本题应该选择C)。
5.
A.How to make a powerful rocket engine.
B.How to ensure the safety of the crew.
C.How to choose qualified crewmen for the trip.
D.How to enable the spacecraft break free of gravity.
A B C D
A
[听力原文] What is the key to building a spacecraft bound for the Moon?
[分析] 听力中提到,准备登月行动行动时,科学家们面临许多障碍,其中最关键的问题是a rocket engine powerful enough to make the trip,即一个动力足够强大的能够完成旅程的火箭推进器,所以本题的正确答案为A)。
6.
A.They built a much lighter rocket.
B.They built a much faster rocket.
C.They loaded the rocket with enough fuel.
D.They built a multistage rocket.
A B C D
D
[听力原文] How could the scientists made the trip to the Moon a success?
[分析] 在制造火箭推进器的过程中,科学家们意识到it would be difficult for one heavy rocket loaded with fuel to reach the moon,所以他们决定使用multistage rocket(多级火箭)。
[听力原文] 29-31 Coffee is part of an international industry Research shows that as many as one-third of the people in the world drink coffee. But not everyone may know the story of coffee and how it is produced. One popular story about the discovery of coffee long ago is about Kaldi, (29)a keeper of goats. Kaldi was taking care of his goats in the highlands of Ethiopia where coffee trees had grown for centuries. (29)He noticed that his goats became very excited and active after eating small fruits from a tree. Kaldi reported this discovery to a group of religious workers. When they made a drink out of the fruit, the religious workers realized they could stay awake for long hours of prayer. Coffee trees can grow up to nine meters high, but they are cut short for production. The plant produces a fruit that is called a coffee cherry. When the coffee cherries are ripe and ready to be, picked, they are bright, red and firm. (30)Inside the fruits are the green coffee beans. After these beans are roasted at high temperatures they are ready to be made into a drink.There may only be two main kinds of coffee plants. (31) But geography and climate differences have a big effect on the many different ways coffee can taste. For example, coffee grown in Ethiopia is known for its lively, sharp taste and its flowery smell. Coffee from the island of Sumatra has a full body with an earthy and intense taste. 29.Who discovered coffee according to the passage?
[精解] 文中说主人注意到他的羊吃了一棵树上的小果子后变得非常兴奋和活跃,故答案为D)。
8.
A.Cut the tree down for the production.
B.Peel the skin of the coffee cherry.
C.Roast the beans inside the coffee cherry.
D.Dry the coffee cherry out of water.
A B C D
C
[听力原文] How is coffee made from the coffee plant according to the passage?
[听前猜测] 选项为名词性短语,且内容涉及咖啡树的高度,地理气候条件,收割方法以及烘干的温度,所以推测题干可能提问咖啡生长的环境因素等。 [精解] 题干询问什么因素影响了咖啡的味道。文章中关键词为“But geography and climate differences have a big effect on the many different ways coffee can taste”,且下文给出了相关的举例,所以答案为B。
Section C More and more Americans are reading their own credit report. Credit reports are 1 by lenders to decide how frisky it would be to offer a loan or credit to an individual. The report holds information about a person's 2 loans and credit-card debt. It records late 3 of bills and any unpaid loans. It all adds up to a credit history. These days, though, lenders often welcome people with bad credit histories. They are 4 higher interest rates and other loan costs. Some Americans want to read their credit report to know if they have been a 5 of identity theft. They can see if any loans or credit cards have been 6 in their name with stolen personal information. Another reason is that credit reports, are not always correct. They might 7 wrong information or old information. Before 1971, Americans could not see any of this information. One change in 2001, permits people to see their F1CO score. FICO is short for the Fair Isaac 8 . 9 Fair Isaac says many lenders not just in the United States but around the world use its .technology to create credit scores. 10 As of May, the company says it sold ten million credit scores to individuals. 11
[听力原文]36-46 More and more Americans are reading their own credit report. Credit reports are (36)issued by lenders to decide how risky it would be to offer a loan or credit to an individual. The report holds information about a person's (37)current loans and credit-card debt It records late (38)payments of bills and any unpaid loans. It all adds up to a credit history. These days, though, lenders often welcome people with bad credit histories. They are (39)charged higher interest rates and other loan costs. Some Americans want to read their credit report to know if they have been a (40)victim of identity theft. They can see if any loans or credit cards have been (41)opened in their name with stolen personal information. Another reason is that credit reports are not always correct. They might (42)contain wrong information or old' information. Before 1971, Americans could not see any of this information. One change, in 2001, permits people to see their FICO score. FICO is short for the Fair Isaac (43)Corporation. (44)That company developed a way to represent credit risk with a number. The number is based on information gathered by credit reporting agencies. Fair Isaac says many lenders not just in the United States but around the world use its technology to create credit scores. (45)But lenders are not the only ones interested in these numbers. As of May, the company says it sold ten million credit scores to individuals. (46)People with high scores can expect lower interest rates for loans. The idea is that the higher the score, the lower the risk. Paying bills on time and paying off credit-card debt improves credit scores.
2.
current
3.
payments
4.
charged
5.
victim
6.
opened
7.
contain
8.
Corporation
9.
That company developed a way to represent credit risk with a number. The number is based on information gathered by credit reporting agencies.
10.
But lenders are not the only ones interested in these numbers.
11.
People with high scores can expect lower interest rates for loans. The idea is that the higher the score, the lower the risk.
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Section A The Olympic games (often referred to simply as The Olympics or The Games) is an international multi-sport event subdivided into summer and winter sporting events. The 1 Olympic Games began in 776 BC in Olympia, Greece, and was celebrated until AD 393. There are many myths and 2 of the origin of the ancient Olympic Games. The most popular one describes that Hercules was the creator of the Olympic Games, and built the Olympic stadium and surrounding buildings to 3 his father Zeus. The date of the Olympic Games' beginning based on the count years in Olympiads is reconstructed as 776 BC, although scholars' opinions differ between dates as early as 884 BC and as late as 704 BC. From then on, the games became much more important throughout ancient Greece, 4 their peak in the sixth and seventh century BC. Interest in 5 the Olympic Games was first shown by the Greek poet and news paper editor Panagiotis Soutsos in his poem "Dialogue of the Dead" in 1833. The international Olympic committee was founded in 1894 with the 6 of a French nobleman, Pierre Fredy, Baron de Coubertin. The first of the IOC's Olympic Games were the 1896 Summer Olympics, held in Athens, Greece. Participants in the Olympic Games have increased to include 7 from nearly all nations worldwide. With the 8 of satellite 'communications and global telecast of the events, the Olympics are 9 gaining supporters. The most recent Summer Olympic in 2008 in Beijing 10 302 events in 28 sports. A) comprised B) memory C) modern D) renew E) consist F) initiative G) deterioration H) improvement I) consistently J) original K) reviving L) legends M) reaching N) athletes O) commemorate
[答案详解] 此处,需要一及物动词原型与to形成不定式作目的状语。动词commemorate (记念)符合句意,例如,to commemorate the 200th anniversary of Mozart’ death。名词memory(记忆)不符合语法规则。此句意为:最广为流传的传说认为赫拉克勒斯是奥林匹克运动会的创始人,他建造了奥林匹克体育馆及周边建筑,以纪念其父亲宙斯。
4.
M
[答案详解] 此处需一及物动词的现在分词形式作伴随状语,reaching the peak(达到顶峰)。此句意为:此后,奥林匹克运动会在古希腊变得越来越重要,在公元前六和七世纪达到顶峰。
[答案详解] 此处需一副词修饰动词gain(获得)。因为通信技术的完善,所以奥运会不断地吸引更多的支持者,所以选副词consistently(一贯地,不断地),例如,to maintain a consistently high standard。本句译文可参考第54题。
10.
A
[答案详解] 此处需一及物动词过去式作谓语,动词comprise(包括)词意和词形均符合条件。例如,the book comprises 350 pages。不及物动词consist(由……组成、构成)须后跟介词of,原文缺少介词of,故未选。本句意为:最近的2008年夏季奥运会包括了28种运动的302项比赛。
Section B
Passage One Among all the animals, the ape is most like human beings. Both people and apes have the similar brain structure, the similar nerve system, and the similar kind of blood. There are four kinds of apes: the chimpanzee (黑猩猩), the orangutan (猩猩), the gorilla (大猩猩), and the gibbon (长臂猿). They live in the deep forests and warm tropical regions of Africa and of Southeast Asia, including Indonesia. All apes are covered with brown, reddish-brown, or black hair everywhere on their bodies except their faces, feet, and hands. Their hands each have four fingers and a thumb that helps them grip things the way our thumbs help us. But they also have a thumb on each foot instead of a big toe. Thus they can hold things with their feet also. Having short, weak legs, apes do not walk on the ground very much. However, their arms are very strong. This enables them to swing from branches and travel very quickly from tree to tree. These animals live in small family groups that move from place to place in search of vegetables and fruits. They also eat eggs, small animals, nuts, and insects. When they are tired, they build nests in the trees. But they rarely sleep there for more than a night or two. Then they move on to look for more food. There are some differences among the following three kinds of apes. The gibbon is never more than three feet high and weighs only about fourteen pounds. The gorilla grows to be six feet tall and weighs up to 600 pounds. The orangutan is smaller than the gorilla. It stands three to five feet tall and weighs up to 200 pounds. Chimpanzees are the smartest of all apes. They can be taught to sit at a table and eat, to dress themselves, and to do things that human children can do.
1. What does the first paragraph tell us?
A.The ape looks like human beings most.
C.People and the ape behave alike.
B.People and the ape think alike.
D.The ape is the most intellectual animal in the world.
A B C D
A
细节题。由文章首句可知,在自然界中,猿与人最相似,故选A。
2. Which of the following sentences is TRUE?
A.All apes are brown or black.
C.Apes have weak legs but very strong arms.
B.All parts of apes' bodies are covered with hair.
Passage Two Car crashes are the leading cause of injury and death among U.S. children, and though most of us now think of car seats as standard baby equipment, about half of all children under the age of four who died in vehicle accidents last year were not restrained. It is calculated that only about two-thirds of children ages five to fifteen buckle their seat belts. Moreover, the traffic-safety agency estimates that even among parents who always strap their children in, 85% are not doing it properly. They often don't know where best to place the kids, don't use the proper restraint for their age and weight, or don't install the safety seats properly. Despite the reports about front seats collapsing onto back seats when certain car models get in accidents, the safest place in the car for any child up to the age of 12 is still the back seat. Babies up to 9 kg and one year old should ride in rear-facing infant seats. Never place a child under age 12 in the front seat with a working passenger-side air bag. These devices are discharged at 320 km/h and can be triggered by low-speed fender benders. They have killed 77 kids in the U.S. since 1993. If you must place a child in front, make sure the passenger-side bag is switched off. Children over age one should ride in forward-facing safety seats with a five-point harness system. A child who weighs at least 18 kg or at least 1m high can graduate to a booster seat that elevates her so that the standard shoulder and lap belt fits properly.
1. What does the author mainly discuss in this passage?
Part Ⅴ Cloze Did Grandma seem forgetful at the holiday parties last month? It could be time to put her on a diet. Sharply 1 calories(卡路里) improves memory in older adults,according to a new study. Research on the benefits of an extremely low-calorie diet 2 back to the 1930s, when scientists found that rats lived 3 to twice as long when they ate less than control animals. And how about in human? To fill that 4 , scientist Agnes and her colleagues at the University of Muenster 5 50 healthy elderly subjects. The 6 volunteer was 60 years old and overweight. The researchers 7 assigned the volunteers to one of three groups. Twenty people were instructed to reduce their daily calorie 8 by 30%, while still eating a 9 diet. Another 20 were told to keep their calorie intake the same but increase their 10 of unsaturated(不饱和的 ) fatty acids. The 11 10 volunteers did not change their diets. After 3 months, all of the volunteers 12 a memory test in which they were shown 15 words and asked how many they could remember after 30 minutes. 13 average,those in the calorie-restriction group showed a 20% 14 over their baseline memory scores taken before they started their diets. Subjects in the other two groups showed 15 or no improvement. "Our study 16 provides some of the first 17 on the impact of calorie restriction on memory in the elderly, but this study has to be 18 up now," Floel noted. Her team plans to 19 larger studies to determine exactly 20 calorie restriction enhances memory.
1.
A.reducing
B.declining
C.burning
D.increasing
A B C D
A
考查动词辨义。根据上一句提到的on a diet“节食”,可推断此处应选择含有“减少”含义的词,A和B都含有“减少”的意思,但decline指“谢绝;衰退”,不合句意,故选A。
3. Because she__________(对自己缺乏自信), she failed in her job interview.
lacked confidence in herself/self-confidence
[考点] ①“缺乏”lack;②“自信”confidence。
4. A day or two_____________________(顺利完成这项任务足矣).
A day or two is enough to accomplish the task.
[答案详解] “a+单数名词+or two”这一结构通常接单数名词。又如:Only a person or two knows French here. [名师点睛] 在本句中,“a day or two”也可用“one or two days”来表达,那么其后的谓语动词则用复数。在实际应用中可引申为“a+单数名词+or two + or three”,仍然接单数动词,如:A servant or two or three was to accompany them.(有一个或两个或三个仆人去陪他们了。)
5. The room is in a terrible mess; it______(肯定没打扫过).
can't have been cleaned
[解析]此句译为: 这房间太脏太乱了,肯定没打扫过。本题考查“情态动词+have done”表示推测,must/can/may/might/could各用于不同句型中,must只用于肯定句中,may/might不能用于疑问句中。can't表示不可能,may not表示可能不。如题中推测的为过去的事情,情态动词后则用完成形式。 例句: He can't have taken it home. (他不可能把它带回家了。)