Part Ⅰ Writing Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter of advice to your cousin about how to spend the first winter holiday in college. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.
1. 即将上映一部电影 2. 简单介绍该电影中的主要演员及故事情节等 3. 放映时间及主办者 A Notice for the Forthcoming Movie Show
[范文] A Notice for the Forthcoming Movie Show In order to enrich our spare time, we will project a series of popular movies sponsored by Star Show Cinema each weekend in September. The types will include adventures, love stories, scientific fictions, etc. This weekend's show will be an adventure film called National Treasure. Ben Gates (Nicolas Cage) is the descendant of a family of treasure-seekers who have all hunted for a huge treasure. Though Ben's forebears all failed, he now thinks he can make it. When Ben and his associates Ivan (Sean Bean), Riley Poole (Justin Bartha) and others find the clue pipe in the wreckage, which only leads them to another clue which is on the back of the Declaration of Independence, unexpected conflict arises among Ben and Ivan. What will become of Ben? The show starts at 19:00 on Saturday this week in Multimedia Room 507. Everyone is welcome. Student Union
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) To Save Trees, Fighting One Alien Insect with Others Rusty Rhea sighs wistfully as he talks about the beauty and peace of standing amid a grove (小树林) of deep green hemlocks in Appalachia, some of them up to 160 feet ( 50 meters ) tall and more than 500 years old. "This is a very special tree," said Rhea, an entomologist for the U.S. Forest Service's Forest Health Protection program in Asheville, North Carolina. "I was brought up here, and I don't want to see another species go by the wayside." The evergreen trees, a hallmark of southern Appalachia's national parks, are Under attack by an invasive insect barely visible to the eye but potent enough to fell the giants of the eastern United States' old-growth forests. Already the tiny bug from Japan, known as the hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA), has killed upward of 95 percent of the hemlocks in Virginia's Shenandoah National Park. Now they are making their way through the half-million-plus-acre (200,000-plus-hectare) Great Smoky Mountains National Park in North Carolina and Tennessee. The hemlocks shade streams, keeping water temperatures just right for brook trout (鲑鱼) and other fish. They also house birds such as the black-throated green warbler, solitary vireo, and northern goshawk, all three of which mainly shelter in stands of hemlock trees. Because of the insect's broad impact on the entire ecosystem of southern Appalachia, HWA stands to cause wider damage than the American chestnut blight (枯萎病) of the early 1900s. That fungus from Europe killed off the once dominant chestnut trees from the northeast United States to the southern Appalachian Mountains. In addition, a species related to HWA, the balsam woolly adelgid, has already killed about 90 percent of the mature Fraser fir trees in the Smokies. Acting Quickly HWA arrived in the U.S. Pacific Northwest via nursery plants from Japan in 1924. By 1951 the tiny invader had been found in Virginia. Since then the insect has spread to more than 15 U.S. states. The key to killing the HWA is to catch if early and act quickly. It's already well established in the Great Smoky Mountains, where Rhea and others are trying to stem the spread of the bugs. HWA multiply quickly: All of the insects are females that reproduce asexually (无性地), laying several hundred eggs a year. When they get to the nymph, or crawler, stage, they are dormant from about June until October, after which they emerge and establish themselves on trees. Winds and birds and other animals spread the crawlers through the forest. HWA crawlers feed on the new growth of hemlocks by piercing the twigs that hold the branches, sucking the sap, and injecting toxic saliva. The needles turn from a deep green to a grayish green and eventually die, depriving the tree of nutrition from photosynthesis. An infected tree usually dies within five years of initial attack: Infection is signaled by either a white, cottonlike material that appears along a tree's twigs or by the "baldness" of a tree's upper branches. Plans of Attack In the Pacific Northwest the hemlocks seem to be tolerant of the creatures' feeding, and in the cold northeast, winters seem to keep them at bay. But in the warm southeast, with weather approximating that of the insects' native Asian homes, they thrive. Chemical sprays--such as insecticidal soaps and horticultural oils as well as trunk or soil injections--have helped to kill some of the HWA infestations. But spraying must be repeated every six months, and injections are expensive and last only two years at most. These methods can't be used conveniently or safely in remote areas or near the streams where hemlocks grow thickly. Long term, the best way to control the pests appears to be releasing other insects that feed exclusively on HWA. Scientists have studied HWA in Japan and China and identified three such species. One of them, the Sasajiscymnus tsugae (St) beetle, was released in areas of Great Smoky Mountains National Park in 2002. Studying what controls a species in its native habitat--including climate, predators, and host resistance--provided clues about which insects to use against HWA, said Kristine Johnson. Based in Gatlinburg, Tennessee, Johnson is a supervisory forester for Great Smoky Mountains National Park. "Biological control is the only long-term hope to save the trees in the backcountry (穷乡僻壤)," she said. "We have 800 square miles (2,100 square kilometers) of contiguous wilderness. We value the native forest, and it's entirely worth defending." Risky Business Releasing one species of non-native bug to kill another could be risky business, potentially creating another type of infestation. But scientists first quarantined and studied the HWA-killer insects. They believe the St beetles are the best answer tn the HWA problem and that they won't cause side damage. This tiny black female beetle, the size of a poppy seed, is already spreading in the Great Smoky Mountains. But the beetle and other HWA-killer insects are seasonal, so it will take several different ones operating year-round to keep HWA in check, Rhea said. He doesn't believe HWA will be completely eradicated (根除) but will instead be kept in balance by the predator insects. "We're trying to insert a balance in a system that's out of balance," he said. Each St beetle can lay 200 to 300 eggs, said Ernest Bernard, professor of entomology and plant pathology at the University of Tennessee in Knoxville. Bernard's laboratory is one of several that are breeding the beetles. "Each beetle eats hundreds of baby adelgids a year," he said. And about 120,000 of the beetles have been released in the past couple years in the Smokies, but it is still too early to measure their impact. One good sign, Bernard said, is {hat some beetle larvae (幼虫) have been found in areas where they were not released, indicating that the HWA killers may be reproducing and spreading.
1. The passage gives a general description of an invasive insect, HWA.
N
结合标题To Save Trees,Fighting One Alien Insect with Others迅速扫读全文可知,文章主要不是描写 HWA这种虫害本身,而是如何防治这种虫害,故题干表述不正确。
2. Hemlock is a hallmark of southern Appalachia's national parks.
Y
根据题干中的信息词hallmark和Appalachia's national parks定位原文,第三段明确指出The evergreen trees,a hallmark of southern Appalachia's national parks...,可知题干表述正确。
3. The invasive insect, known as the hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA), is from Japan.
Y
根据题干中的信息词HWA定位原文,第四段有Already the tiny bug from Japan,known as the hemlock woolly adelgid(HWA)...,可知题干表述正确。
4. The key to killing the HWA is to catch it early and act quickly.
[听力原文] W: Let's go to the dance at the Student Center on Friday. M: I'd like to, but I'm going to a lecture. Thanks for asking me though. Q: What is the man going to do on Friday? [简析] 题目问男士周五准备做什么。女土邀请男士去跳舞,男士说很想去,但是已经准备去参加一个讲座了。可见参加讲座才是他真正要去做的事情。
2.
A.They should wait a little longer.
B.Calling the police is not reasonable.
C.They should try to find their daughter.
D.Another method must be found out.
A B C D
B
[听力原文] W: Still no sign of Carol? I am worried so much. I'm going to call the police. M: And what are you going to say? It's 1 a.m. and our 18-year-old daughter isn't home yet? Q: What does the man mean? [简析] 题目问男士的意思。女士对Carol还没回家表示担心,准备报警。男士问她“你怎么和警察说,难道要说现在是凌晨一点,我们18岁的女儿还没回家不成?”可见男士觉得报警不合理。
[听力原文] 22-25 W: Good afternoon.Mr.Burke. Did you have a good lunch? M: Yes,thank you,Miss Ventner.It was very good.Did anyone phone while I was out? W: No, nobody phoned,but...er...Mr.Cooper came. M: What?But he's the man I told you about! W: Yes,I know,He came in for something urgent.He said he wanted to see you right away,but... M: Well,then,why didn't you phone me?We all know that Mr.Cooper has some very important information.I wanted to talk to him as soon as possible.I told you all that before I left.Didn't you understand me? W: Yes,of course,I understood you,Mr.Burke,but... M: I even gave you a card with the name and phone number of restaurant!I put it on your desk. W: But that's just it!You didn't give me the card.You didn't put it on my desk! M: What do you mean?Of course I did.I took the card out of my wallet just before I went to lunch! Look!It isn't in my wallet now I! OH! W: Mr.Burke,what's that card on the floor?It fell out of your wallet a second ago. M: That card?It's...er...it's the card I thought I gave you. W: You see!You forgot to give me the card!That's why I didn't phone.I didn't know where you were having your lunch. M: No,of course you didn't.I'm very sorry,Miss Ventner.It wasn't your fault.I apologize. W: That's all right.Please forget it. [解析] 男士问女士在他外出期间,有没有人打过电话;女士回答说没有人打过电话,但Cooper先生来过,故选B。 [点睛] ①浏览各选项,可预知本题问的是有关过去事实。②A与女士的回答正好相反,故错误;C、D均在对话中没有依据,故排除。③but后的内容往往设出题点,是听音重点。
[听力原文]32-35 (32) County fairs are a tradition in New England towns. They offer great entertainment. One popular event is the pie-eating contest. If you want to take part in the contest, it is a good idea to remember these guidelines: (33) first, make sure your stomach is nearly empty of food. Eating a whole pie can be hard if you have just finished a meal. Next, it is helpful to like the pie you are going to eat. The cream types are a good choice. They slide down the throat more easily. Placing your hands in the right position adds to the chances of winning. There is a temptation to reach out and help the eating process. This will result in becoming disqualified. (34) Don't just sit on your hands, if your hands are tied behind your back, you will not be tempted to make use of them. Now you are ready to show your talent at eating pies. The object, of course, is to get the bottom of the pie plate before the other people. (35) It is usually better to start at the outside and work toward the middle. This method gives you a goal to focus on. Try not to notice what the other people near you are doing. Let the cheers from the crowd spur you on. But don't look up. All you should think about is eating that pie. 32.Where is pie-eating contest usually held?
[听前猜测] 通过选项可知问题询问地点。 [精解] 本题关键句为“County fairs are a tradition in New England towns…One popular event is the pieeating contest.”可知吃馅饼比赛是乡村集市的一项非常受欢迎的活动。故答案为C)。
2.
A.Avoid eating any food.
B.Prepare the right type of pie to eat.
C.Wash his hands thoroughly.
D.Practice eating a pie quickly.
A B C D
A
[听力原文] What should a person do before entering into the pie-eating contest?
[听前猜测] 通过四个祈使句选项可知问题可能询问“必须做某事”。 [精解] 本题关键句“first,make sure your stomach is nearly empty of food.”首先要保证胃里几乎是空的,因此要避免吃任何东西。故答案为A)。
3.
A.On the table.
B.Behind his back.
C.Under his bottom.
D.On his lap.
A B C D
B
[听力原文] Where is a person advised to put his hands during the contest?
[听前猜测] 根据选项可知问题可能询问“把某物放在哪里”。 [精解] 文章关键句为“Don't just sit on your hands,if your hands are tied behind your back,you will not be tempted to make use of them.”不要不采取行动,如果把手放在背后,就不能用双手。故答案为B)。
4.
A.Looking sideways to see how fast your neighbor eats.
B.Eating from the outside toward the middle.
C.Swallowing the pie with water.
D.Holding the pie in the right position.
A B C D
B
[听力原文] What suggestion is offered for eating up the pie quickly?
[听前猜测] 通过选项可知问题可能关于建议。 [精解] 本题关键句为“It is usually better to start at the outside and work toward the middle。”通常先吃外边,后吃中间比较好。故正确答案为B)。
A.To explain the importance of learning rhythm and harmony in jazz.
B.To show that jazz is not really music at all.
C.To point out similarities between jazz and classical music.
D.To describe what makes a good jazz performance.
A B C D
D
[听力原文]33-35 To play their music well, jazz musicians don't really need to know a lot about the rules of harmony and rhythm. Of course they might have knowledge of both harmony and rhythm, but that kind of knowledge isn't what makes them jazz musicians. What does make them good is having an intuitive feeling of how the music works. (33) For artists in the medium of jazz, the music comes naturally. It flows almost spontaneously through them. Their music performance is not planned in advance. As they play, they don't monitor themselves in terms of a formal theory of performance. As a result, jazz is a natural expression of the moods and feelings of the artists, a moment-by-moment expression of the self. (34) Now you are in for a treat. I brought some recordings of my favorite jazz artists. We'll spend some time listening to some examples of really good jazz.(35) 33. What is the main propose of the talk?
Six times defending Tour de France Winner Lance Armstrong in the United States has hinted that he would retire from cycling at the end of this season. The 33-year-old cancer survivor will be going for a record of seven victories in cycling major event this year. But in an interview with a London newspaper, Armstrong says a loss in the Tour de France might spark thoughts of retirement. Though he says he could not imagine being retired 12 months from now. He also says this could be his last year. Armstrong believes he could react to a loss in one or two different ways, as knowing he has passed his best time that it's time for him to retire or that he has to try to win again. But the American cycling star makes no secret of the fact that he does not think there's a more difficult sporting event anywhere than riding in the Tour de France. Armstrong compares it to a Marathon and F1 Race combined, saying it is dangerous and calling it three weeks of agony. 26. How many times has Armstrong won the race?
[解析] 细节题。本条新闻报道的是体坛传奇人物阿姆斯特朗Armstrong这位“环法自行车赛”冠军王的采访。通过浏览选项可知,本题考的是“多少次”,听录音时对此要用心。这位身患绝症的英雄在2005年的“环法自行车赛”中成功地第七次卫冕“环法自行车赛”冠军。录音开始说道“Six times defending Tour de France Winner Lance Armstrong…”。所以正确答案为C。
9.
A.This year.
B.This season.
C.A year later.
D.At the end of this year.
A B C D
C
[听力原文]
When would he possibly retire according to the passage?
[解析] 推理题。浏览选项可知,本题问的是某事发生在“什么时候”,听新闻时要抓住时间中心词语。原文有两处提到Armstrong退役的可能时间。一处在录音第一句话:“he would retire from cycling at the end of this season”,据此可推断出Armstrong想在本赛季结束后退役,而不是“今年年底”,所以D不正确;另一处在录音中间谈到接受伦敦一家媒体采访时提到的“Though he says he could not imagine being retired 12 months from now”,12个月之后,就是一年之后,也就是本赛季结束之后。所以答案为C。
10.
A.He doesn't think it is difficult.
B.He doesn't think it is more difficult than Marathon.
C.He thinks it is much easier than Fl Race.
D.He thinks it is the most difficult sporting event.
A B C D
D
[听力原文]
What does Armstrong think of his favorite sporting event?
[解析] 综合推理题。通过浏览选项可知,本题考的是“他是如何看待这个事物的”,听新闻时就要留心如何报道这个人的看法和观点。此新闻中关键句子是“But the American cycling star makes no secret of the fact that he does not think there's a more difficult sporting event anywhere than tiding in the Tour de France.”可见Armstrong毫不掩饰地声称世上没有哪项赛事比“环法自行车赛”更为艰难的了,否定式+比较级表达的是最高级的意思。此外,录音最后说,“Armstrong compares it to a Marathon and F1 Race combined,saying it is dangerous and calling it three weeks of agony”告诉人们,在Armstrong的眼里,马拉松和一级方程式赛车加在一起才可和他一生钟爱的“环法自行车赛”相提并论。
Section C Memory is our most important possession. Without memory, you wouldn't know who you are. You couldn't think about the past or plan for the future. Memory is 1 for everything we do as human beings. Its 2 that we have this magical time machine in our heads that 3 us to record experiences and then use that information at a later time. 4 how the brain makes and 5 memories has to be one of the most important of all scientific 6 . People who feel they must 7 for having a bad memory should stop using a poor memory as an excuse for forgetting things. The only people who have a poor memory are those whose memory function has been 8 by disease or damage. 9 . You must associate it with something. You must exercise it or risk losing its effectiveness. 10 . Second, cramming for finals is a very bad way to learn something that will last. Information from cramming will come in and go out. 11 .
[听力原文] 36-46 Memory is our most important possession. Without memory, you wouldn't know who you are You couldn't think about the past or plan for the future. Memory is (36) essential for everything we do as human beings. It’s (37) amazing that we have this magical time machine in our heads that (38) enables us to record experiences and then use that information at a later time (39) Discovering how the brain makes and (40) preserves memories has to be one of the most important of all scientific (41) pursuits. People who feel they must (42) apologize for having a bad memory should stop using a poor memory as an excuse for forgetting things. The only people who have a poor memory are those whose memory function has been (43) compromised by disease or damage (44) All the rest of us must accept the responsibility to make an effort to remember things. You must associate it with something. You must exercise it or risk losing its effectiveness. (45) Students and faculty should understand that a good education involves an emphasis on understanding rather than sheer memorization. Second, cramming for finals is a very had way to learn something that will last. Information from cramming will come in and go out. (46) If you want to retain what you learn, you must spread out the learning process.
2.
amazing
3.
enables
4.
Discovering
5.
preserves
6.
pursuits.
7.
apologize
8.
compromised
9.
All the rest of us must accept the responsibility to make an effort to remember things.
10.
Students and faculty should understand that a good education involves an emphasis on understanding rather than sheer memorization.
11.
If you want to retain what you learn, you must spread out the learning process.
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Section A As war spreads to many comers of the globe, children sadly have been drawn into the center of conflicts. In Afghanistan, Bosnia, and Colombia, however, groups of children have been taking part in peace education 1 The children, after learning to resolve conflicts, took on the 2 of peacemakers. The Children's Movement for Peace in Colombia was even nominated (提名) for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1998. Groups of children 3 as peacemakers studied human rights and poverty issues in Colombia, eventually forming a group with five other schools in Bogota known as The Schools of Peace. The classroom 4 opportunities for children to replace angry, violent behaviors with 5 , peaceful ones. It is in the classroom that caring and respect for each person empowers children to take a step 6 toward becoming peacemakers. Fortunately, educators have access to many online resources that are 7 useful when helping children along the path to peace. The Young Peacemakers Club, started in 1992, provides a Website with resources for teachers and 8 on starting a Kindness Campaign. The World Centers of Compassion for Children International call attention to children's rights and how to help the 9 of war. Starting a Peacemakers' Club is a praiseworthy venture for a class and one that could spread to other classrooms and ideally affect the culture of the 10 school. A) acting I) information B) assuming J) offers C) comprehensive K) projects D) cooperative L) respectively E) entire M) role F) especially N) technology G) forward O) victims H) images
根据结构,空白处之前是take on the,故此处应为名词;take on指的是“承担”,而且空白处之后为peacemakers(冲突调解人),这是一种角色,因此M)role符合要求,填入后意为“承担起冲突调解人的角色”。
3.
A) acting
根据结构,本句中Groups of children为主语,谓语动词为studied,空白处和踢peacemakers组合为后置定语修饰主语,据此可以看出空白处应该是现在分词。选项中具有现在分词-ing形式的只有两项:A)acting(扮演)和B)assuming(假定)。由于空白处之后为“as”,acting as构成搭配,意为“担任”,与题意一致。因此A) acting符合要求。
根据结构,空白处需要一个形容词。除去使用过的D)项,选项中还有两个形容词可供选择,C)comprehensive(全面的,广泛的)和E)entire(全部的,完整的)。空白处之后为school,与E项结合,表示“整个学校”,与文意一致。因此E)entire符合要求。 Section B
Section B
Passage One Even plants can run a fever, especially when they're under attack by insects or disease. But unlike humans, plants can have their temperature taken from 3,000 feet away-straight up. A decade ago, adapting the infrared (红外线的) scanning technology developed for military purposes and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley came up with a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine which ones are under stress. The goal was to let farmers precisely target pesticide (杀虫剂) spraying rather than rain poison on a whole field, which invariably includes plants that don't have pest(害虫)problems. Even better, Paley's Remote Scanning Services Company cold detect crop problems before they became visible to the eye. Mounted on a plane flown at 3,000 feet at night, an infra-red scanner measured the heat emitted by crops. The data were transformed into a color-coded map showing where plants were running "fevers". Farmers could then spot-spray, using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they otherwise would. The bad news is that Paley's company closed down in 1984, after only three years. Farmers resisted the new technology and long-term backers were hard to find. But with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce, and refinements in infra-red scanning, Paley hopes to get back into operation. Agriculture experts have no doubt the technology works. "This technique can be used on 75 percent of agricultural land in the United States," says George Other of Texas A&M. Ray Jackson, who recently retired from the Department of Agriculture, thinks remote infra-red crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade. But only if Paley finds the financial backing which he failed to obtain 10 years ago.
1. Plants will emit an increased amount of heat when they are ______.
A.sprayed with pesticides
B.facing an infra-red scanner
C.in poor physical conditions
D.exposed to excessive sun rays
A B C D
C
[答案详解] 文章的第一段第一句话说到:Even plants can run a fever,especially when they're under attack by insects or disease.换句话说就是在健康不佳时释放的能量增加。显然,这里的“run a fever”指的是植物释放的热量更多。A、B、D项在文章中没有提及,故不选。
2. In order to apply pesticide spraying precisely, we can use infra-red scanning to ______.
3. Farmers can save a considerable amount of pesticide by ______.
A.resorting to spot-spraying
B.consulting infra-red scanning experts
C.transforming poisoned rain
D.detecting crop problems at an early date
A B C D
A
[答案详解] 解题的关键在于第二段中的最后一句话:Farmers could then spot-spray,using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they otherwise would.A项中的“resort to”的意思是“借助于”,与短文中的use同义。B、C、D项在文中也提到,但对农民节省农药似乎没有直接关系,或不是必须关系,故不选。
4. The application of infra-red scanning technology to agriculture met with some difficulties due to ______.
A.the lack of official support
B.its high cost
C.the lack of financial support
D.its failure to help increase production
A B C D
C
[答案详解] 第三段最后一句话给出了原因:But only if Paley finds the financial backing which he failed to obtain 10 years ago.这里的backing与support意思相同。可以看出,经济支持是他现在的问题,也是他十年前面临的问题。故选之。
5. Infrared scanning technology may be brought back into operation because of ______.
A.the desire of farmers to improve the quality of their produce
B.growing concern about the excessive use of pesticides on crops
C.the forceful promotion by the Department of Agriculture
Passage Two When Mike Kelly first set out to build his own private space-ferry service, he figures his bread-and-butter business would be lofting satellite into high earth orbit. Now he thinks he may have figured wrong, "People were always asking me when they could go," says Kelly, who runs Kelly Space Technology, "I realized the real market is in space tourism." According to preliminary market surveys, there are 10,000 would-be space tourists willing to spend $1 million each to visit the final frontier. Space Adventures in Arlington have taken more than 130 deposits for a two-hour, $98,000 space tour tentatively set to occur by 2005. This may sound great, but there are a few hurdles. Putting a simple satellite into orbit--with no oxygen, life support or return trip necessary--already costs an astronomical $2,200/kg. And that doesn't include the cost of insuring rich and possibly litigious (爱打官司的) passengers. The entire group of entrepreneurs trying to corner the space- tourism market has between them "just enough money to blow up one rocket". The U.S. space agency has plenty of money but zero interest in making space less expensive for the little guys. So the little guys are racing to do what the government has failed to do: design a reusable launch system that's inexpensive, safe and reliable. Kelly Space's prototype looks like a plane that has sprouted rocket engines. Rotary Rocket in California has a booster with rotors to make a helicopter-style return to earth. The first passenger countdowns are still years away, but bureaucrats at the Federal Aviation Administration in Washington are already informally discussing flight regulations. After all, you can't be too prepared for a trip to that galaxy far, far away.
1. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A.Take Vacations in Space
C.Flight Regulations in Space Travels
B.Building Hotels in Space
D.Cost of Space Traveling
A B C D
A
主旨题。通读全文可知,文章讨论的是太空旅游业的可行性,所以A正确。其他三项均没有全面概括文章大意。
2. The phrase "bread-and-butter business" ( Line 1, Para. 1 ) most probably means ______.
Part Ⅴ Cloze Don't get too close to a tired teen ;you could start losing sleep as well.When one teenager starts sleeping less, her friends and others in her social 1 soon lose sleep, too, according to new research. Our social networks can 2 our behaviors and moods. Political scientist James Fowler of the University of California has studied these effects and previously found that obesity, smoking, and 3 happiness can spread through networks of people 4 based on their relationships. Fowler 5 his study of a network of more than 8000 7th-to 12th-grade students and their sleeping and smoking 6 . He and colleagues 7 a web of connections between each student and his or her friends. In one of these friend webs, a gang of sleepless boys 8 the middle of the mess, where the most 9 kids landed--the so-called "cool" kids. The researchers found that the 10 central a teen landed on the map, the greater chance that he or she got less than 7 hours of sleep per night. Drug use was also contagious(具传染性的), the team 11 . Each smoking friend increased the 12 that a student used marijuana (大麻) 13 42%. Both sleepless and drug-use contagions could still be felt four-degrees of separation 14 , influencing a friend of a friend of a friend's friend. Most surprisingly, the researchers found a link between 15 of sleep and drug use. 16 a teen's friend slept less than 7 hours, her chances of using drugs went 17 by 19%. And that means that 18 sleeplessness spreads throughout a friend 19 , drug use spreads as 20 .
1. The men were ____________ (被指控) with causing an affray.
charged
[详细解答] 本题考查“指控”一词的翻译,应填charge,根据句中时态应填写charged。
2. Living in the desert has many problems, __________ (缺水并不是惟一的问题).
of which the lack of water is not the only one
依照给出的中文,可译为the lack of water is not the only problem,但已给出的英文部分已经是个完整的句子,所以译文应以从句的形式出现。缺水是many problems中的一个问题,故使用表示所属关系的of+which结构来引导。缺水也可译为water shortage。
3. It is essential that______(申请表在截止日期之前寄回) .
the application forms(should) be sent back before the deadline