Part Ⅰ Writing Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Ability and Good Looks. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:
1. 一些学生认为运动要以兴趣为中心 2. 另一些学生认为运动要以健康为中心 3. 你的看法 Interest-oriented Or Health-oriented Sports
[范文] Interest-oriented or Health-oriented Sports (1) Students rush to the playground with different purposes. Some are interest-oriented, and sports for them are sources for fun Other participants(2) pay more attention to their healthy condition. Some students, (3) concentrating on interest-oriented sports, claim that if they don't focus on their interest in sports, they can not (4) benefit a lot from sports. That's to say, without interest they are not wilting to do sports. (5) However, other students believe that doing sports is for health. (6) For one thing, sports have various functions, and one of the most meaningful is to make you stronger and train your willpower. Higher study efficiency (7) originates from a sound body, a clear and quick mind, and the spirit of perseverance. (6) For another, interest-oriented and unplanned sports may occasionally exhaust strength and undermine health. (8) I prefer to take part in sports both to my taste and of benefits to my health. Such sports would (9) in every sense entertain myself, (10) freshen up my mind and make me strong and energetic.
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-4, mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 5-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. The Science of Interruptions In 2000, Gloria Mark was hired as a professor at the University of California. She would arrive at her desk in the morning, full of energy and ready to tackle her to-do list. No sooner had she started one task than a colleague would e-mail her with an urgent request; when she went to work on that, the phone would ring. At the end of the day, Mark had accomplished a fraction of what she set out to do. Lots of people complain that office multitasking drives them nuts. But Mark studies how high-tech devices affect our behavior, so she was able to do more than complain: She set out to measure how nuts we've all become. She watched cubicle (办公室隔间) dwellers as they surfed the chaos of modern office life and found each employee spent only ten-and-a-half minutes on any given project before being interrupted. Each short project was itself fragmented into three-minute tasks, like answering e-mail messages or working on a sheet. Mark's study also revealed that interruptions are often crucial to office work. The high-tech workers admitted that many of their daily distractions were essential to their jobs. When someone forwards you an urgent e-mail message, it's often something you really do need to see; if a mobile phone call breaks through, it might be the call that saves your hide. For some computer engineers and academics, this realization has begun to raise an attractive possibility: Perhaps we can find an ideal middle ground. If high-tech work distractions are inevitable, maybe we can re-engineer them so we receive all of their benefits but few of their downsides.
The Birth of Multitasking The science of interruptions began more than 100 years ago with the emergence of telegraph operators — the first high-stress, time-sensitive information-technology jobs. Psychologists discovered that if someone spoke to a telegraph operator while he was keying a message, the operator was more likely to make errors. Later, psychologists determined that whenever workers needed to focus on a job that required the monitoring of data, presentation was all important. Using this knowledge, cockpits (驶舱) for fighter pilots were carefully designed so that each dial and meter could be read with just a glance. Still, such issues seemed remote from the lives of everyday workers. Then, in the 1990s, computers began to experience a rapid increase in speed and power. "Multitasking" was born; instead of simply working on one program for hours at a time, a computer user works on several simultaneously. Office workers now stare at computer screens of overwhelming complexity, as they juggle (操纵) messages, text documents, PowerPoint presentations and web browsers. In the modern office we are all fighter pilots.
Effect of Multitasking: Computer-affected Behavior Information is no longer a scarce resource — attention is. 20 years ago, an office worker had two types of communication technology: a phone, which required an instant answer, and postal mail, which took days. Now people have dozens of possibilities between these two poles. The result is something like "continuous partial attention", which makes us so busy keeping an eye on everything that we never fully focus on anything. This can actually be a positive feeling, inasmuch as the constant email dinging makes us feel needed and desired. But what happens when you take that to the extreme? You get overwhelmed. Sanity lies in danger. In 1997, Microsoft recruited Mary Czerwinski, who once worked in NASA's Human-computer Interaction Lab, to conduct basic research to find out how computers affect human behavior. She took 39 office workers and installed software on their computers that would record every mouse click. She discovered that computer users were as restless as hummingbirds. On average, they juggled eight windows at the same time. More astonishing, they would spend barely 20 seconds looking at one window before flipping to another. Why constant shifting? In part it was because of the way computers are laid out. A computer offers very little visual real estate. A Microsoft Word document can cover almost an entire screen. Once you begin multitasking, a computer desktop quickly becomes buried in windows. When someone is interrupted, it takes just over 23 minutes to cycle back to the original task. Once their work becomes buried beneath a screenful of interruptions, office workers appear to forget what tasks they were originally pursuing. The central danger of interruptions is not the interruption at all, but the confusion they bring to our short-term memory.
Ways to Cope with Interruptions When Mark and Czerwinski, working separately, looked at the desks of the people they were studying, they each noticed the same thing: Post-it notes. Workers would write brief reminders of the task they were supposed to be working on ("Test DA's PC, Waiting for AL... "). Then they would place them directly in their fields of vision, often in a circle around the edge of their computer screens. These piecemeal efforts at coping pointed to ways that our high-tech tools could be engineered to be less distracting. Czerwinski also noticed many Microsoft people attached three monitors to their computers. They placed their applications on different screens — the email on the right side, a web browser on the right and their main work project in the middle — so that each application was read at a glance. When the ding on their email program went off, they just peek to the left to see the message. The workers said this arrangement made them feel calmer. But did more screen area actually help with cognition? To find out, Czerwinski had 15 volunteers sit in front of a regular size 38 cm monitor and complete a variety of tasks designed to challenge their concentration — a web search, some cutting and pasting, and memorizing phone numbers. Then the volunteers repeated the tasks using a computer with a massive 105 cm screen. On the bigger screen, some people completed the tasks as much as 44% more quickly. In two decades of research, Czerwinski had never seen a single change to a computer system so significantly improve a user's productivity. The clearer your screen, the calmer your mind.
Looking for Better Interruptions Mark compared the way people work when sitting in cubicles with how they work when they're at different locations and interact online. She discovered people working in cubicles suffer more interruptions, but they have better interruptions because their co-workers have a social sense of what they're doing. When you work next to others, they sense whether you're deeply immersed or relatively free to talk and interrupt you accordingly. Why don't computers work this way? Instead of alerting us to email messages the instant they arrive, our machines could deliver them at optimum moments, when our brains are relaxed. Eric Horvitz at Microsoft is trying to do precisely that. He has been building automated reasoning systems equipped with artificial intelligence that observes a computer user's behavior and tries to predict the moment the user will be mentally free and ready to be interrupted. (1,161 words)
1. As Mark's study indicated, interruption is a highly undesirable feature in high-tech office work, and therefore we must find a way to avoid them.
2. Telegraph operation is a less stressful, less attention-demanding information-technology job in comparison with computer operation.
NG
“The Birth of Multitasking”小节部分的第一段只提到“telegraph operation”是最早出现的压力大、时间紧的信息技术工作,并未将其与“computer operation”相比较。
3. Modern office workers are just like fighter pilots in that both need to monitor data of great complexity.
Y
“The Birth of Multitasking”小节部分一段最后两句提到:心理学家认为,对于需要密切监控数据的工作,数据的呈现(presentation)至关重要。因此,战斗机驾驶舱都是精心设计的,以使所有的仪表数据可以一目了然。本小节第二段最后两句继续提到:办公室工作人员如今也需要盯着信息极其复杂的电脑屏幕,同时处理来信、文本文件、幻灯片演示、网络浏览等工作。在这一点上,现代办公室人员与战斗机飞行员很相似。
4. Multitasking, even if taken to the extreme, can give office workers a positive feeling, since frequent interruptions make them feel much needed and desired.
N
“Effect of Multitasking...”小节部分的第二段:如果持续不断的邮件提醒使我们感到自己有价值、被需要,那么multitasking(多项工作同时进行)可能让我们产生积极的感受;但如果multitasking达到了极端程度会出现什么结果呢?你会受不了,会处于神经崩溃的危险境况。
5. According to Mary Czerwinski's research, computer users are constantly shifting from window to window, pausing ______ at each one.
barely/hardly 20 seconds
参见“Effect of Multitasking...”小节部分的第三段最后两句:On average,they juggled eight windows at the same time.More astonishing,they would spend barely 20 seconds looking at one window before flipping to another.
6. Both Mark and Czerwinski noticed that some computer users relied on ______ as reminders to help them cope with distractions.
Post-it notes
参见“Ways to Cope with Interruptions”小节部分第一段第一、二句:When Mark and Czerwinski,working separately,looked at the desks Of the people they were studying,they each noticed the same thing:Post-if notes.Workers would write brief reminders of the task they were supposed to be working on.
7. By ______ , many Microsoft workers managed to get quicker, easier access to data and make their high-tech tools less distracting.
putting their applications on different screens
参见“Ways to Cope with Interruptions”小节部分第二段第三句:They(Microsoft workers)placed their applications on different screens...so that each application was read at a glance.
8. Czerwinski found that no other change to a computer system could more significantly improve a user's productivity than ________ .
a bigger,clearer screen/on the bigger screen
参见“Ways to Cope with Interruptions”小节部分第四段:On the bigger screen,some people completed the tasks as much as 44% more quickly... Czerwinski had never seen a single change to a computer system so significantly improve a user's productivity.The clearer your screen,the calmer your mind.
9. People who work next to each other in the same office have more but better interruptions than those who ______ .
work at different places and interact online
参见“Looking for Better Interruptions”小节部分第一段第一、二句:Mark compared the way people work when sitting in cubicles with how they work when they're at different locations and interact online.She discovered people working in cubicles suffer more interruptions, but they have better interruptions because...
10. Eric Horvitz has been working on AI system that monitors a computer user's behavior and predicts ______ .
the best/the most appropriate moment to interrupt him
参见全文最后一段最后一句:He has been building automated reasoning systems equipped with artificial intelligence that observes a computer user's behavior and tries to predict the moment the user will be mentally free and ready to be interrupted.
Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension
Section A Directions:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
[听力原文]19-22 M: I just can't concentrate here in the flat. (19) You see, Arthur, I've got three essays to do...three essays behind I am. I mean... (20) how can I concentrate with everyone else talking... playing records... practicing the guitar. I just can't get pen to paper. W: Well Peter, you could work in the university library. M: I could... yes... that's perfectly true. But... you know... I not only need to (21) sit down and write... I... L... need to think. And to think I need to be able to wander around... smoke... be on my own... be sort of free to do as I like. Living here in this flat with, how many others? —Six... Well there are constant interruptions you see. You're okay... you live in... Don't you believe it's as ideal as it seems. I mean people call on you at all hours... to borrow a book... have a chat... find Something to eat... No... it's anything but ideal for a quiet life. W: You know... I suggest you look for a small flat of your own. A bed-sitter perhaps. Mind you... it'll cost a lot more than the... the part—ten you're paying at the moment. Tell you what. Let's look at the paper. At the ads. There might be something. You got a paper? M: Mm... well there's the last Sunday Times. W: That won't be much help... (22) you really need local paper. Anyway, there's no harm in having a look. You never know. M: It must be somewhere amongst this lot. Er... Radio Times... TV Times... Here we are. I'll just find the accommodation ads. W: You might find something under the headings. M: Yeah. Here we are. 19.What does Peter have to do?
[听前预测] 选项皆为不定式,内容为看电视、写论文、听音乐等与生活有关的内容,可能询问人物将要做的事情。 [答案详解] 事实细节题[考频:10]。男士表示自己无法在公寓里集中精神,因为在公寓里everyone else talking...playing records...practicing the guitar,而自己还有三篇论文要写。
2.
A.His neighbors are too noisy.
B.He doesn't want to share a room with others.
C.He is house is too far away from the university.
D.It's not convenient to go shopping.
A B C D
A
[听力原文] Why does he want to move?
[听前预测] 选项提到了share, neighbors可能与居住环境有关,又通过noisy, far away, not convenient推断选项中的He对居住生活不满意的原因。 [答案详解] 细节辨认题[考频:6]。男士提到自己无法集中精力在寓所里写论文,因为别人在聊天、听音乐或弹吉他,即A)“邻居太吵闹了”。
3.
A.Think.
B.Sit down.
C.Talk with his classmates.
D.Wander around.
A B C D
C
[听力原文] What doesn't Peter need to do while he is working?
[听力原文] W: Hi, Burt. I heard you're looking for a new job. How is it going? M: I just had an interview yesterday. I think I did well. The director seemed to like me. They said they would make a decision by this Friday. I believe I have a very good chance. Q: What does the man think of his interview?
[听前预测] 选项中的He, probably fail, chance is half-and-half,probably get the job等表明,对话可能与男士能否获得工作有关,男士的话为听音重点。 [解析] 由男士提到的I think I did well. The director seemed to like me.以及I believe I have a very good chance可推断出,男士觉得他可能会获得这份工作,故答案为[C]。
6.
A.Visit Nancy at her new department.
B.Call on Nancy at her medical school.
C.Give the secretary Nancy's new phone number.
D.Get information about Nancy from the secretary.
A B C D
D
[听力原文] M: I haven't heard from Nancy since she entered medical school. I wonder how she's doing. W: Well, I understand she gave our department secretary her new address and phone number. Why don't you try to get in touch with her? Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?
[听前预测] 选项均以原形动词开头表明,本题可能考查观点建议。 [解析] 对话中男士说不知道Nancy现在怎么样,女士说Nancy把她的新地址和电话号码给了department secretary,最后说Why don't you try to get in touch with her?(你为什么不尽力和她联系呢?),由此可知,女士建议男士去秘书那里获得Nancy的信息,故答案[D]。
7.
A.It's the man's birthday today.
B.They will have dinner around 6.
C.They will have a party for the man.
D.They will go to movies after dinner.
A B C D
D
[听力原文] W: It's Sara's birthday today. We're planning on having dinner around 6:30 and then seeing a movie at 7:30. And we're throwing her a small birthday party after the movie. Come and join us. M: Sure. Best friends always stick together. Q: What can we learn according to the conversation?
[听前预测] 选项中重复出现的They will表明,对话可能与They将来的行为动作有关。 [解析] 由女士提到的having dinner around 6:30和seeing a movie at 7:30可知,他们吃完饭后去看电影,故答案为[D]。
[听力原文]19-21 W: What a great day, don't you think? M: I guess so. I hadn't noticed it. I feel awful because I watched television until after midnight last night. W: After midnight! Did you watch so late because you were bored? I usually watch TV only if I have nothing to do. M: Bored? No, I was upset because I left my meal tickets in the cafeteria. That's more than fifty dollars worth of meal tickets down the drain. W: So did watching TV make you feel better? M: Well, I felt a bit better while I was watching. You know, it took my mind off my troubles. But after I turned the TV off, I just felt disgusted with myself for wasting so much time. W: I've had that feeling before. M: I had intended to watch just one program, but somehow I couldn't make myself switch off the TV. W: Actually, I've read that there's a scientific explanation for that. It seems that there's a part of the brain that processes complex information, but that part becomes less active while watching TV. M: That's certainly how I felt last night—like my brain wasn't very active. W: That's not the worst of it. If you watch TV a lot, or for a long time, that part of the brain—the pan that processes complex information, shows lowered activity and you become more and more passive. M: That's incredible. W: Next time you feel upset, you should go swimming. That's what I do, and it always makes me feel better. M: I suppose. Right now, I've got to go to the cafeteria and get some more meal tickets. 19.When does the woman normally watch TV? [答案解析] 细节题。女士得到她I usually watch TV only if I have noting to do.(没有什么事情可做的时候会看电视。)C为原文的同义转述。所以答案是C。 [圈定关键词] after, when [听前预测] 四个选项出现了after和when因此推断本题考查的应该是时间,即什么时间干什么事情,因此听题时应该注意听时间。
9.
A.He lost his meal tickets.
B.The cafeteria food was awful.
C.He missed his favorite TV program.
D.His TV was broken.
A B C D
A
[听力原文] Why was the man upset? [答案解析] 细节题。男士提到他看电视看到那么晚是因为他郁闷,而他郁闷的原因是left my meal tickets in the cafeteria(把饭票丢在了餐厅)。选项B是说食堂的饭很难吃;C选项是说他错过了他喜欢的电视节目; D选项是说他的电视坏了。都与原文不符,因此答案是A。 [圈定关键词] meal tickets, food, TV program, TV [听前预测] 四个选项都含有lost, awful, miss, broken等表示不好的事情的词,问题可能会是What's wrong with something/someone。
10.
A.Because he thought he wasted much time.
B.Because he doesn't understand the woman's explanation.
C.Because he watched only one program.
D.Because he was so bored.
A B C D
A
[听力原文] Why did the man feel disgusted with himself? [答案解析] 细节题。男士提到他把电视关掉之后的感觉disgusted with myself(很厌恶自己),因为他觉得自己 wasting so much time(浪费了时间)。A选项是同义转述,因此答案是A。 [圈定关键词] wasted, understand, watched, so bored [听前预测] 选项都有because,推测问题可能与问原因有关。
Section B Directions:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
[听力原文] 33-35 Alaska is known for its cold snowy weather. For many years, dog sleds were the only means of transportation. Many Alaskans combine fun and hard work in an annual dog sled race. The trail race is the longest dog sled race in the world. It lasts from two to three weeks and covers almost 17 hundred km. The race goes across Alaska from Anchorage to Rome. It follows the trails that were once used by the people who looked for gold in Alaska's wilderness. The race also follows the route of several brave Alaskans who brought medicine from Anchorage to Rome in the winter of 1925. They carded the badly needed medicine through bad storm and helped save many lives. The race from Anchorage to Rome which is held in March is very hard for the drivers and sleigh dogs. Each day the dogs run for about four hours and then rest for four hours. They run day and night, and sometimes travel as much as one hundred and ten km. a day. The drivers must feed and take care of the dogs at race periods. Sometimes they only sleep for about two hours each day. Because the race is so hard, many drivers do not expect to win. For most of them just being able to finish is a victory. 33. What is the main idea of this passage?
主旨题。结合文章第三句及其后面的内容可知,文章主要讲述了阿拉斯加狗拉雪橇比赛,所以D正确。
2.
A.Every year in March.
B.Every other year.
C.From two to three weeks.
D.The winter of 1925.
A B C D
A
[听力原文] When is the race held?
信息明示题。根据The race from Anchorage to Rome which is held in March... 可知,狗拉雪橇比赛是在每年三月举行,所以A正确。
3.
A.Winning.
B.Finding gold.
C.Just to finish.
D.Being able to participate.
A B C D
C
[听力原文] Which is considered a victory for most of the drivers?
[听力原文]30-32 One of the biggest challenges facing employers and educators today is the rapid advance of globalization. The market place is no longer national or regional,but extends to all corners of the world.And this requires a global ready workforce. Universities have a large part to play in preparing students for the 21st century labor market by promoting international educational experiences. The most obvious way universities can help develop global workforce is by encouraging students to study abroad as part of their course. Students who have experienced another culture first hand are more likely to be global ready when they graduate. Global workforce development doesn't always have to involve travel abroad. However, if students learn another language and study other cultures, they will be more global ready when they graduate. It is important to point out that students also need to have a deep understanding of their own culture before they can begin to observe, analyze and evaluate other cultures. In multi-cultural societies, people can study each other's cultures, to develop intercultural competencies, such as critical and reflective thinking, and intellectual flexibility. This can be done both through the curriculum and through activities on campus, outside of the classroom, such as art exhibitions, and lectures from international experts. Many universities are already embracing this challenge, and providing opportunities for students to become global citizen. Students themselves, however, may not realize that when they graduate, they will be competing in a global labor market, and universities need to raise awareness of these issues amongst undergraduates. 30.What is one of the biggest challenges facing employers and educators today? [答案解析] 细节题。文章第一句话就提到One of the biggest challenges facing employers and educators today is the rapid advance of globalization.(当前雇主和教育者遇到的最大的挑战是全球化进程的加快。)因此D是正确答案。 [圈关键词] need, diverse workforce, necessity, staff training, competition, globaliztion [听前预测] 选项中出现的都是短语,根据关键词判断该题与劳动力的变化有关。
5.
A.Take courses of foreign languages and cultures.
B.Gain a deep understanding of their own culture.
C.Participate in international exchange programs.
D.Share the experience of people from other cultures.
A B C D
B
[听力原文] What should students do first before they can really understand other cultures? [答案解析] 细节题。本题问“在真正了解其他文化之前,学生们应该先做什么?”文中提到It is important to point out that students also need to have a deep understanding of their own culture before they can begin to observe, analyze and evaluate other cultures.(学生在观察、分析、评价其它文化之前应该对自己的文化有一个透彻的理解,这一点是很重要的。)因此B为正确答案。 [圈关键词] Take courses, understanding, Participate, programs, Share the experience [听前预测] 选项都是动词短语,根据关键词判断该题与语言文化有关,询问应该采取的行动。
6.
A.Globalisation will eliminate many jobs.
B.Reflective thinking is becoming critical.
C.The labour market is getting globalised.
D.Knowing a foreign language is essential.
A B C D
C
[听力原文] What should college students realize according to the speaker? [答案解析] 细节题。本题问“学生们应该意识到什么?”这也正是作者全文探讨的主题,根据文章的最后一句话 Students themselves, however, may not realize that when they graduate, they will be competing in a global labor market, and universities need to raise awareness of these issues amongst undergraduates. (学生本身可能还没有意识到他们毕业之后将在全球化的劳动力市场上竞争,学校应该帮助在校大学生提高这方面的意识。)C是说劳动力市场正在变得全球化,这与原文内容相符合,因此是答案。 [圈关键词] eliminate, becoming critical, getting globalised, essential [听前预测] 根据选项都是概括性的陈述,推断这是一道主旨题。
[听力原文] 32-35 A few times each month, second-grade pupils at a primary school take time from math and reading to engage in philosophical debate. (32) Prof. Wartenberg and his undergraduate students from a nearby college use classic children's books to raise philosophical questions, which the young students then analyze with the vigor of the ancient Greeks. (33)"A lot of people try to make philosophy into a subject only for the excellent few," says Professor Wartenberg, "But everyone is interested in basic philosophical ideas; they're the most basic questions we have about the world." One afternoon this winter, the students read a story "Giving Tree" about a tree that gives its shade, fruit, branches and finally its trunk to his friend a boy. (34)The college students led the discussion--how we should treat natural objects, with a series of questions, starting with whether the boy was wrong to take so much from the tree. "We don't actually try to convince them that trees deserve respect," he says, "but ask them, 'What do you think? ' We're trying to get them engaged in the practice of doing philosophy, versus trying to teach them." He is not the first philosopher to work with children. In the 1970s, Matthew Lipman argued that children could think abstractly at an early age and that philosophical questioning could help them develop reasoning skills. (35)Professor Lipman's view opposed that of Jean Piaget, who asserted that children under 12 were not capable of abstract reasoning. He concluded that their curiosity and sense of wonder make children ready for philosophic inquiry. 32.What do Prof.Wartenberg and his students use to raise philosophical questions? [答案详解] 细节辨认题【考频;9】。文中开头部分提到。Wartenberg教授和他的大学弟子们用儿童经典图书来引出哲学话题,故D)为正确答案。
8.
A.To get some data for his research in college.
B.To give his students more practice.
C.To popularize the subject of philosophy.
D.To promote philosophy to an higher level.
A B C D
C
[听力原文] What is the purpose of Prof. Wartenberg's project? [答案详解] 细节推断题【考频:25】。文中引用教授的话指出,很多人想把哲学变成专属少数优秀人物的学科,但其实每个人都对基本的哲学理念感兴趣。也就是说教授想转变哲学高高在上的形象,这也正是他选择小学二年级学生进行哲学讨论的原因,因此C)为正确答案。
9.
A.Should the tree give its shade to the boy?
B.Should the tree give that much to the boy?
C.How should we treat natural objects?
D.Is the boy wrong to take so much from the tree?
A B C D
C
[听力原文] What theme did the college students discuss following the story "Giving Tree"? [答案详解] 细节推断题【考频:25】。文中提到讲完“奉献树”这个故事后,大学生们主持了一场讨论:“我们应该如何对待自然万物?”因此可知正确答案为C)。文中也提到D),但那是为了讨论这个主题而设置的几个思考题,是讨论所借助的途径和方法,而不是讨论的主题,故排除。
10.
A.Children younger than 12 can not reason abstractly.
B.Curiosity and willingness to learn enable kids to study philosophy.
C.Children could think abstractly at an early age.
D.Philosophical questioning could help kids develop reasoning skills.
A B C D
A
[听力原文] What is Jean Piaget's opinion about the children? [答案详解] 推理判断题【考频:41】。文中提到,Lipman教授的观点与Piaget的观点相反,后者认为12岁以下的孩子没有能力进行抽象推理,因此选A)。文中Professor Lipman's view opposed that of Jean Piaget,who asserted that children under 12 were not capable of abstract reasoning.中who引导的定语从句修饰的就是Jean Piaget,可知后面的观点是Jean Piaget的,而非Professor Lipman的。
Section C Directions:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. Sporting activities are essentially modified forms of some old style hunting behavior. Viewed 1 , the modern football player can be 2 as a member of a disguised hunting pack. His killing 3 has turned into a harmless football and his 4 into the goal-posts. If his aim of the very hunting is enough 5 and be scores a goal, he enjoys the hunter's 6 of killing his prey. To understand how this 7 has taken place we must briefly look back at our 8 ancestors. Once upon a time, they hunted everyday, and finally became good at it. They spent over a million years evolving into cooperative hunters. Their very survival depended on success in the hunting-field. At that time, they knew nothing about growing plants. 9 . They became chasers, runners, jumpers, aimers, throwers and prey-killers. Cooperation made them skillful male-group attackers. Things didn't change for a very long time. 10 Their improved intelligence, so vital to their old hunting life, was put to a new use—that of penning, controlling and domesticating their prey. They do not need to risk their lives everyday. The hunting became suddenly obsolete. 11 .
Under this pressure their whole way of life, even their bodies, became radically changed
10.
Then. about ten thousand years ago, after this immensely long formative period of hunting their food, they became farmers
11.
The food was there on the farms, awaiting for them. The risks and uncertainties of the hunt were no longer essential for survival
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Section A Directions:In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words on Answer Sheet 2. When Toyota Motor Corp. moved one of its divisions into an environmentally friendly, or "green", building in Torrance three years ago, it expected to save on its energy bills. The building offered natural lighting, electricity-generating rooftop solar panels and water recycling. But something else also happened. Employee morale jumped while absenteeism(旷工) fell. The overall energy and worker productivity savings more than offset the added cost of making the facility environmentally friendly. "The lighting is easier on the eyes and on the nerves," Toyota employee Mary Jo Moutsios said. "I take a sense of pride in working in this building. It's pleasant and feels more productive. " Results like Toyota's are helping to spark a budding "green revolution" in American workplaces. The movement is starting to change how office buildings are designed and could render thousands of existing offices obsolete (陈旧的,荒废的). Employers including Goldman, Sachs& Co., Wal-Mart Stores Inc. and Harley-Davidson Inc. are starting to ask for buildings with more natural light, fresher air and fewer toxic materials in the paint, carpeting and other finishes. Los Angeles, Salt Lake City and Chicago are among many cities requiring new public buildings to be green. Municipalities are offering incentives, such as faster construction approvals and reduced permit fees, to get the private sector to follow suit. Although the green movement is in its infancy, its endorsement (认可) by a growing number of prestigious employers, developers and cities is seen as giving a shot in the arm to the nation's environmental movement as concern about the effects of global warming and environmental pollution spread. More than $ 7.7 billion of office buildings nationwide are up for official green certification, versus about $ 790 million in 2000. Among the more notable new green towers is World Trade Center in New York, a 52-storey skyscraper that replaced a building at the same address that was destroyed in the 2001 terrorist attacks.
1. The building which offers natural lighting, electricity-generating rooftop solar panels and water recycling is called______.
environmentally friendly building / green building
2. Although making the facility environmentally friendly added the cost of the Toyota Motor Corp., the savings from using green facilities can______.
compensate for it
[定位] 根据题干中的making the facility environmentally friendly, added the cost等可以定位到第二段第三句。 [精析] 同义转述题【考频:18】。题干是对第二段第三句的转述,同时重点考查对offset的理解。offset表示补偿,题干的意思是建设绿色办公环境会增加公司成本,但是由绿色办公环境带来的能源的节约和工作的高效大大弥补了成本的增加。故此处应填写offset的同义词。
3. What are helping to spark "green revolution" in American workplaces?
Results from Toyota's green office.
[定位] 根据题干中spark "green revolution" in American workplaces可以定位到第二三段第一句。 [精析] 细节辨认题【考频:20】。题干在原句基础上稍作了变化。原句因为处在上下文之中,故承接上文用results like Toyota's。但此处应该将省略的信息补全。所以答案补完整后是results from Toyota's green office。
4. Municipalities are taking some measures, such as faster construction approvals and reduced permit fees to make the other private companies______.
take Toyota as a model
[定位] 根据题干中 faster construction approvals and reduced permit fees定位到第四段最后一句。 [精析] 同义转述题【考频:18】。题干在原句基础上进行了改写,主要考查对词组follow suit的理解。根据上下文可知,政府采取了一系列措施优先发展绿色工作环境,目的是让其他公司纷纷效仿,进一步推广绿色办公环境。所以此处应填follow suit的同义词或词组。
5. Although the green movement is still in its early age. it has been______.
accepted by many employers and developers
[定位] 根据题干中 Although the green movement...定位到第五段第一句。 [精析] 同义转述题【考频:18】。题干将原句进行了同义转述。in its infancy转述为in its early age,另外本题考查考生是否理解endorsement在此段中的含义。此处需要填写的恰恰是endorsement的同义词。endorsement表示“赞同,认可”,所以答案为accepted by many employers and developers。
Section B Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
Passage One With rapid growth of world population, mainly in developing countries, the available cultivable land per person has declined steadily since 1960 and will decease by half over the next 50 years. Besides, about 400 million women of childbearing age are iron deficient, leaving their babies exposed to various birth defects. As many as 100 million children suffer from vitamin A deficiency. Tens of millions of people suffer from other major ailments and nutritional deficiencies caused by lack of food. How can biotech help? Biotechnologists have developed genetically modified rice fortified with beta carotene (β-胡萝卜素) and additional iron, and they are working on other kinds of nutritionally improved crops. Biotech can also improve farming productivity in places where crop failures are caused by pests, drought, poor soil and crop viruses, bacteria or fungi. Genetically modified, virus-resistant crops can reduce that damage, as can drought-tolerant seeds in regions where water shortages limit the amount of land under cultivation. Biotech can also help solve the problem of soil that contains excess aluminum, which damages roots and causes staple crop failures. Many scientists believe biotech could raise overall crop productivity in developing countries as much as 25% and help prevent the loss of those crops after they are harvested. Yet for all that promise, biotech is far from being the whole answer. In developing countries, lost crops are only one cause of hunger. Poverty plays the largest role. Making genetically modified crops available will not reduce hunger if farmers cannot afford to grow them or if the local population cannot afford to buy the food those farmers produce. Nor can biotech overcome the challenge of distributing food in developing countries. Taken as a whole, the world produces enough food to feed everyone--but much of it is in the wrong place. Especially in countries with undeveloped transport infrastructures, geography restricts food availability as dramatically as genetics promises to improve it. Biotech has its own "distribution" problems. Private-sector biotech companies in rich countries carry out much of the leading-edge research. Their products are often too costly for poor farmers in the developing world, and many of those products won't even reach the regions where they are most needed. Biotech firms have a strong financial incentive to target rich markets first to help them rapidly recoup the high costs of product development. But some companies are responding to the needs.
1. Biotechnologists can help illnesses related to nutritional inadequacy by ______.
A.developing genetically modified or nutritionally improved crops
B.incorporating pest-resistant or virus-resistant genes into seeds of crops
C.improving the ability of seeds to resist water shortages in certain regions
D.identifying genes that helps neutralize aluminum toxicity in crops
A B C D
A
[定位] 根据题干中的biotechnologists, help定位到文章第二段第二句Biotechnologists have developed genetically modified rice that is fortified with beta-carotene…they are working on other kinds of nutritionally improved crops. [精析] 事实细节题【考频:36】。题干中inadequacy是原文deficiency的同义转述。第二段主要是说明生物科技尤其是转基因技术在农业中的应用,首先就承接第一段中的种种问题,提出生物科学家们培育转基因水稻和其他增强营养成分的作物以从根本上解决营养不良的问题。凶此答案为A)。 [避错] B)“把抗虫害和抗病毒的基因植入种子”;C)“提高种子在一定地区的抗干旱能力”;D)“识别有助于中和水稻里铝的毒性的基因”,三项都是转基因技术的应用,与题干中help illnesses related to nutritional inadequacy无关。
2. The main factor leading to a huge underfed population in developing countries is ______.
A.crop failure
B.poverty
C.food shortage
D.eco-damage
A B C D
B
[定位] 根据题干中的main factor和developing countries定位到第三段第三、四句In developing countries,lost crops are only one cause of hunger. Poverty plays the largest role. [精析] 细节辨认题【考频:55】。题干中underfed意为“吃不饱的”,是原文hunger的同义转述。文章指出,发展中国家作物歉收只是造成饥饿的一个原因,贫穷才是罪魁祸首,因此答案为B)。 [避错] A)“作物歉收”是原文lost crop的同义转述;C)“粮食匮乏”;而D)“生态环境的破坏”,原文没有提及。
3. Biotech can't solve the problem of distributing food in developing nations because ______.
A.enough food can be produced to feed world population
B.the transport infrastructure in some countries are backward
C.biotech itself can not be distributed to these countries
D.farmers in those nations can not afford to buy the technology
A B C D
B
[定位] 根据题干中的distributing food in developing nations定位到第四段。 [精析] 细节辨认题【考频:55】。文章提出,世界生产的粮食在数量上是足够养活所有人的,但大部分粮食却不是在需要的地方,尤其在运输基础设施落后的国家,地理条件限制了粮食的运输。因此答案为B)。 [避错] A)是对原文第二句话的复述,但是不能解释此题;C)和D)都是关于第五段的内容,与问题关系不密切。
4. What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A.Biotech is powerful in tackling world poverty and hunger.
B.The impact of genetic research on food production is limited.
C.More collaboration is needed to deliver farmers biotech solutions.
D.Fears that biotech might be harmful to man are unfounded.
[定位] 本题考查文章的题目,涉及文章的主旨大意,需要结合全文综合归纳。 [精析] 主旨大意题【考频:21】。本文第一段提出了发展中国家面临的问题,第二段则用How can biotech help?暗示生物科技对此可以起到一定的作用;而第三段提出生物科技还远远不能解决所有问题。由此得出结论,本文探讨的主题应该是对生物科技应用于农业以期解决温饱问题提出质疑。因此答案为C)。 [避错] A)“发展中国家的贫穷和营养不良问题”只涉及第一段的内容;B)“贫穷和营养不良:生物科技带来曙光”只涉及了第二、三段的内容;D)“生物科技的应用挑战世界贫困问题”也不全面,排除。
Passage Two Telecommunications is just one of the means by which people communicate and, as such, we need to look at telecommunications and any other communications technologies within the wider context of human communication activity. Early findings show that many people are uneasy and even fearful of information technology by avoiding it or by using it in minimal ways. To obtain this type of data we have spent time with individuals, watching how they communicate where they get confused, what they don't understand and the many mistakes they make. You can do this type of research yourself in an informal way. Just watch someone at the desk next to you trying to use a phone or trying to fill in a form. What you will quickly notice about people on the phone is that they use very few of the buttons available on the keypad, and they get quite anxious if they have to use any buttons outside their normal ones. Most will not use the instruction book, and those that do will not necessarily have a rewarding experience. Watch someone fill out a form--a good meaty one such as an application form or a tax form--and you will see a similar pattern of distressed behavior. The simple fact we can all observe from how people use these ordinary instruments of everyday communication is how messy, uncertain and confusing the experience can be. Now multiply these individual close encounters of the communicative kind to take account of the full range you may experience in a single day, from getting up in the morning until you go to bed at night and the world takes on a slightly different appearance. Even watching television which for many provides an antidote to the daily confusion is itself fraught with a kind of low level confusion. For example, if you ring people up five minutes after the evening news has finished and ask them what the news was about, many cannot remember, and those who do remember get some of it wrong. One of the reasons why this obvious confusion gone unnoticed is because "communication" is a word we associate with success, and therefore we expect the process to work effectively most of the time. To suggest otherwise is to challenge one of our society's most deeply held beliefs.
1. How do scientists know many people are uneasy about information technology?
A.By asking people to answer questions orally.
B.By asking people to fill in various question forms.
C.By making people use instruments of everyday communication.
D.By watching people using information technology.
A B C D
D
细节题。文章第二段提到“To obtain this type of data we have spent time with individuals,watching how they communicate where they get confused,what they don't understand and the many mistakes they make.”只要观察他们就可以获得数据。作者接着举例:"Just watch someone at the desk next to you trying to use a phone or trying to fill in a form.”可以观察他们如何使用电话,如何填写表格。因此,选项D通过观察人们如何使用信息技术了解人们对信息技术的态度是正确答案。
2. Which of the following about reading the instruction book is TRUE?
A.Those who read it benefit a great deal.
B.Generally, it is poorly written.
C.Generally, it is too long to read.
D.Most people do not refer themselves to it.
A B C D
D
细节题。由第二段倒数第二句“Most will not use the instruction book,and those that do will not necessarily have a rewarding experience.”可知大多数人都不看说明书,那些看说明书的人电不一定能得到有益的帮助。因此正确答案为D项。
3. The writer includes the example of watching TV in Paragraph 4 for the purpose of ______.
A.illustrating that watching TV itself is a source of low-level confusion
B.recommending that watching TV is an antidote to removing confusion
C.indicating that TV viewers cannot remember all its programs
D.supporting the view that all people poor and rich, enjoy watching TV
A B C D
A
细节题。由第四段段首主题句“Even watching television which for many provides an antidote to the daily confusion is itself fraught with a kind of low level confusion.”可知哪怕是看电视被很多人看作是消除日常信息混乱的方法,其本身也充斥着一种程度较低的信息混乱。紧接着作者以看电视新闻为例,指出人们看电视也不能获得准确全面的信息。可见,此例是为了阐释段首主题句的。因此正确答案为A项。
Part Ⅴ Error Correction Directions:This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank, lf you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank, lf you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (—) in the blank. Most people say that the USA is making progress in fighting AIDS, but they don't know there's cure and strongly disagree that "the AIDS 58. ______ epidemic is over," a new survey finds. The findings, relieved Thursday by the Kaiser Family Foundation, reassure 59. ______ assure activists who have worried that public concern about AIDS might disappear in night to recent news about advances in treatment and declines 60. ______ in deaths. "While people are very pessimistic about the advances, they're still 61. ______ realistic about the fact that there is no cure," says Sophia Chang, director of HIV programs at the foundation. The Kaiser Family Foundation did find in its survey that the number 62. ______ of people ranked AIDS as the country's top health problem has fallen. 63. ______ In the poll, 38% says it's the top concern, down from 44% in a 1996 64. ______ poll. Other findings from Kaiser, which poll more than 1,200 adults in September 65. ______ and October and asked additional question of another 1,000 adults in 66. ______ Novembershow that 52% say that the country is making progress against AIDS, up from 32% in 1995. Daniel Zingale, director of AIDS Action Council, says," I'm encouraged that the American people are getting the message what the AIDS. epidemic isn't over. I hope the decision-makers in Washington 67. ______ are getting the same message. We have seen signs of complacency (满足)"
2. Only with combined efforts, ______. (我们才能期望我们的国家有新的面貌).
can we expect our country to take a new face
分析句子结构可知,所译部分应为完整的句子。给出的英文中,only修饰的介词短语with combined efforts位于句首,因此所译句子需部分倒装。“期望”可以译为expect sb./sth. to do sth ,“有新的面貌”可以译为 take a new face。 [考点] 常见的倒装还有以下几种情况: ①条件从句如省略了连词if从句需要部分倒装。如:Had l said that, I would truly have been sorry.如果我说过那样的话,我确实会感到抱歉的。 ②由肯定连接副词so连接的并列句,后一个分句需要全部倒装。如:You bought the bag, and so did I. 你买了那个包,我也买了。 ③表语位于句首时,句子全部倒装。如:Lying on the floor was a Poor boy.躺在地上的是一个可怜的男孩儿。/on the other side are the items on sale. 另一边的是特价商品。 ④以hardly、in vain、little、never、no sooner...than、nor、not、not only、not until、rarely、scarcely/hardly... when、“seldom等含有否定意义伪词开头的句子,需要部分倒装。如:Never have I seen her before.我过去从来没有见过她。 ⑤以back、down、here、there、up等副同开头的句子,一般全部倒装。如:There comes my father.我父亲走过来了。/Down came the snow.下雪了。
3. It is important that __________________ (日程表不要满得没有时间放松和娱乐).
the schedule (should) be not too crowded to allow for relaxation and hobbies.