Section Ⅰ Listening Comprehension Directions: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C. Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet, NOT on the ANSWER SHEET. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer your answers from your test booklet onto ANSWER SHEET. If you have any questions, you may raise your hand NOW as you will not be allowed to speak (race the test is started. Now look at Part A in your test booklet.
Part A You will hear a mall owner discussing pumping in smells to stimulate spending with board members and two other representatives in a mall. As you listen, answer Questions I to 10 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You will hear the conversation ONLY ONCE. You now have 1 minutes to read Questions 1 to 10.
1. The topic of the discussion is to decide whether they have to use the new technology to attract customers or not.
对 错
A
[解析] 1-10 Mall Owner: We have a lot of money invested in the physical facilities of the mall, and it is important for both the mall's image and its profits that all of the space for retail store in the mail be occupied by high-quality stores doing a healthy business. We are very interested in the idea of pumping in smells to stimulate spending, but it involves expensive new technology. I would like the store-owners to help contribute to the cost. We realize that there have been mixed reactions to the proposal. We have culled today's meeting with the hope of bringing the different groups to consensus on whether or not to try this new technology. We are fair and open-minded. Our job today is to make sure that people stick to the point. After we have heard ail the arguments, we should allow ten minutes for general discussion and then take a vote. Board Member # 1, We run a small, family-owned traditional men's clothing store. Business has been slow because of the economy, and we feel we are losing out to larger department stores that can discount clothing prices heavily. Although the mail is a relatively new location for our store, the business has been in the family for four generations, and I want to keep the business going. I feel strongly that small, family-owned businesses can offer a level of personal service that the larger retail store cannot. I am in favor of ptunping in pleasant aromas to encourage buying because I see it as the only way to remain competitive with the larger stores at other malls. I feel it is no different from any other kind of marketing and that it is just a matter of time before everyone is using it as a marketing tool. Board Member #2: I have invested my life savings in a fancy cookware store. Although the merchandise I carry is of excellent quality and has sold well in the previous years, for the past l8 months sales have been down, and I am worried about losing the store. I am not sure how I feel about having the smells pumped in. I have mixed feelings about the idea, but I would do almost anything to increase sales. Board Member #3: I own a health-food store with a juice bar, and in addition to my regular customers, I get an overflow of thirsty shoppers from the other stores in the mall. Although I believe in using smells for their therapeutic value ( aroma therapy), I have serious doubts about putting chemicals into the air as well as concerns about the ethics of using smells to put people in a mood to spend money. Employee Representative: A poll taken of employees' opinions regarding the proposals showed the following result: 42 percent of the employees working in the mall are in favor of adding smells; 37 percent of the employees are against the proposals; and 21 percent have no opinion. Those who are against the proposals feel uneasy about the prospect of working daily in a scented environment, when the potential long term effects are unknown. There is also some suspicion that it could he a first step to introducing smells that have controlling effects on employees. Several employees have also raised concerns that some people might be allergic to the smells. Local City Council Representative: We realize that a healthy business community in our town means more economic benefits for the town. Because of cutbacks in federal and state spending, our town has not gotten as much aid as in previous years and has had to cut back on many city services, including after school and summer programs for children and services for the poor and the elderly. I am a practical person and see higher spending at the mall stores as ultimately benefiting the town. I see no harm and many potential benefits in adding smells to the mall. I am in favor of the proposal.
6. Those who disagreed with the proposal regard it as the only way to remain competitive with the larger stores at other malls.
对 错
B
[解析] Those who agreed with the proposal regard it as the only way to remain competitive with the larger stores at other malls．那些赞成的人认为吸引顾客的唯一方法是在空中喷洒香水。反对的人则持不同看法。
7. Local City Council Representative said it might be a first step to introducing smells that have controlling effects on employees.
8. Those who are for the proposal said they had to do something to increase sales.
对 错
A
[解析] 那些赞成此举的人认为必须要做些事情促进销售。
9. The town people have not gotten as much aid as in previous years from the government.
对 错
A
[解析] 根据市政府代表的说法现在政府给市民的投资不像以前那么多了。
10. More than half of the employees are concerned about the ethics of using smells to put people in a mood to spend money.
对 错
B
[解析] 只有少数几位员工关心向空中喷洒香水以促进销售，从顾客兜里掏钱是否符合商业道德规范。
Part B You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE. Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following conversation between two friends. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11 to 13.
1. What kind of animals is Anna asked to look after?
A.Rabbits.
B.Birds.
C.Cats.
D.Dogs.
A B C D
C
[解析] 11-13 Anna: Hello. Peter: Hi, Anna. Look, I'm sorry to bother you so late. I just wanted to ask you a little favor. Anna: Oh, sure. Well, I'd like to help out. Anything you want. Peter: Look, I'm going to London for a week. Anna: Oh, how wonderful. I wish I could get away on holiday. Peter: Look, I have got a problem though, you know, I have got some cats and I need a home for them. Anna: Oh, er well, the only thing is, how many of them are there? Peter: Well, there're only two. Anna: Oh, well, that's okay then. I think I still have a box. But it's pretty worn out and a bit dirty, not too nice, you know. Peter: Well erm, I think that'll be all right. I'm sure it'll be fine as long as you didn't. I didn't want to mention this earlier, perhaps, but er er well, I didn't didn't want to mention this earlier, perhaps, but er one of them is pregnant, you see. One of the cats is pregnant and she's going to be delivering er pretty soon. Anna: Oh, no I'm a little nervous about it now. I mean er I don't know if I can cope with that. Peter: Of course you can. Look, I mean, they're okay. She looks after her babies. She had six the last time. You'll love them. Anna: Six? Wow, that's just a little too many. I mean, I don't think I could cope with that, I mean. And and how do I tell when they are due, you know, when when they're going to be delivered? Peter: Very simple. You see, the mother starts spending more time in her box and starts meowing a lot. You will know that she's ready to have the babies. Anna: Well, what kind of food do I have to give them? Peter: Very simple. They don't need anything and the mother nurses them for about five to six weeks. You just give the mother cat food and milk. Anna: Well, does it have to be hot? Peter: No, just fresh milk. Anna: Anyway, why do you keep them? I mean, don't they cause you an awful lot of work and trouble? Peter: Oh, no. They're so sweet. You're going to just love them when you see them. They're so nice. Anna: Well, here's an idea. Why don't you bring what they need, and I'll just have -- then I won't have to worry about it anything. Peter: Okay, I could do that. I'll bring a big bottle of fresh milk and a large box of cat food, then that should be okay. Anna: A large box? How long did you say you were going to be away? Peter: Now look, don't start worrying too much. She may not produce these little cats this week at all. Anna: Well, I certainly hope n6t. I mean, I'm not used to this sort of thing, you know.
[解析] 14-16 Welcome to the Food We Eat, sponsored by Safeway. Increasingly, we know more about the effects of our eating habits and lifestyles on our health. While new information can change old ideas, the new stories can often be confusing. At Safeway we try to help customers not only in the range and types of food offered, but also by providing up-to-date reliable information in areas we know are of interest and which relate to the diet we eat. Today we are going to talk about sugar. Recently, doctors have been advising us to eat less sugar. The health recommendation to use less sugar is for two masons. Firstly, for the sake of our teeth: since the mount and frequency of sugar consumption links to decay. Secondly, as sugar is a good source of calories, it can easily be a problem ff we tend to be overweight. The dental risk is because bacteria which occur naturally in our mouth feed on carbohydrates -- sugar and starch -- to form plaque and acid. Plaque is a sticky coating that prevents the bacteria from being removed by saliva. The acid attacks the tooth itself. This takes time, however, so the trick is to avoid sticky foods like sweets which stay around in crevices feeding the bacteria. Regular brushing, preferably with a fluoride tooth-paste, helps remove particles and resist acid. The worst thing you can do is nibble sweet things between meals -- it puts your teeth under constant attack. A sweet tooth develops gradually and you might be surprised at how you can steadily "unlearn" the taste, taking in fewer calories, and saving your teeth. Hem's some ways: A. Gradually cut down the sugar in tea and coffee till you can stop altogether, or switch to sweeteners. B. Choose snacks with a lower sugar content -- fresh fruit, mw vegetables, crackers, milk or low-fat, natural yogurt. Remember some fruits, like raisins, have lots of sugar. C. Look for reduced sugar alternatives: there are more and more around, from diet drinks to yogurts, even jams and sauces. D. Try gradually to cut back on the sugar you use in cooking -- especially in baking.
[解析] 本文是一篇关于健康食品的演讲，演讲者讲到：“The health recommendation to use less sugar is for two reasons．Firstly，for the sake of our teeth．．．Secondly as sugar is a good source of calories，it can easily be a problem if we tend to be overweight．”因此，少吃糖，是为了不增加体重的缘故，而不是为了我们的眼睛，头发和肝脏。
5. Which of the following attacks the tooth itself?
A.Acid.
B.Saliva.
C.Carbohydrates.
D.Plaque.
A B C D
A
[解析] 本道听力题考察考生的词汇量。Acid n．酸，硫酸 Saliva n. 唾液，口水 Carbohydrates n．碳水化合物，糖类Plaque n．饰板，牙斑。了解这几个词的意思，就能很快的找到正确答案[A]。因为吃酸的食物对牙齿不好。
6. The speaker suggests choosing snacks carefully for ______.
A.an accurate information.
B.an inaccurate statement.
C.an inaccurate information.
D.an accurate statement.
A B C D
D
[解析] 演讲者在最后讲到：“Choose snacks with a lower sugar content- fresh fruit，raw vegetables，crackers，milk or low-fat，natural yogurt． Remember some fruits，like raisins，have lots of sugar．”由此可见，选择零食要小心，要根据零食的成分选择健康食品。
Questions 17 to 20 are based on the following conversation among a travel agent and two customers. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17 to 20.
[解析] 17-20 Agent: Good morning. Can I help you? Customer 1: Yes, good morning. We'd like to book a holiday for July, please. Agent: Certainly. Where did you have in mind? Customer 1: Oh, well, we haven't thought a lot about it, really. We'd just like to go somewhere hot, you know, and it must be in July. Agent: I see. Well, let's get the dates cleared up first, then we can see about availability. What part of July were you thinking of ? Customer 2: Oh, well, you see, we have slightly different holidays. I've got the whole-month except for the last five days, so I could go from the first to the twenty-sixth, but my friend here doesn't start until the seventh, so I suppose it will have to be the middle two weeks really. Customer 1: Yes, but I've got to be back before the twenty-third. Agent: Ok. Now, let's find a destination. Any preferences, France, Italy? Customer 1: Oh, not France. We went there last year and it was absolutely packed with teenagers making noise and getting drunk all the time. Customer 2: Yes, it was terrible. We definitely want somewhere quieter this year. Agent: Well, of course it depends more on the resort rather than the country. There are resorts in every country which can cater for the family or the slightly older person. They're usually a shade more expensive, though, as you might expect. Customer 1: Oh, well, we don't mind paying a bit more if it means more peace and quiet, do we? Customer 2: Definitely not. It'll be well worth it. Agent: All right. Let's have a look at what we've got on the computer, July was it ten or fourteen nights you wanted? Customer 1: Oh, the fortnight, please. Agent: Right. Well, let's start with Italy. Umm, we've fourteen nights bed and breakfast in Sorrento for three hundred and forty-five pounds, from Manchester, on the fourteenth, or we've got. Customer 1: No, wait a minute, that's no good for me. We wouldn't get back till the twenty-eighth, and I've got to be back at work before that. Agent: Oh, yes. Umm how about Sweden, two weeks, hail-board? Customer 2: How much would that be? Agent: That would be five hundred and forty pounds, from Manchester again. Customer 1: Well, five hundred and forty er that seems too much. Agent: Well, Sir, there's surcharge for the airport, and it is a five-star hotel. Customer 2: Oh, well, it's a bit over our budget, really. Agent: All right. Let's try somewhere else: How about Portugal? Customer 2: Oh, that sounds great. We've never been there before, have we? Agent: Let's see now. We've got fourteen nights in Albufeira, half-board, from Gatwick, for three hundred and eighty-five pounds. Customer 1: Albufeira? Oh, wait a minute. Did you say the flight was from London? Agent: That's right, from Gatwick. Customer 1: Oh, well, really, we'd prefer a flight from the north somewhere, Manchester perhaps, or even Glasgow.
10. What is the mason that they don't like to go to Sweden?
A.It is too expensive.
B.It is too noisy.
C.It has no beaches.
D.It has no enough facilities.
A B C D
A
[解析] 旅游公司的工作人员告诉他们如果他们去瑞典旅游，费用需要 540磅，一位客人说：“Well，five hundred and forty．．．er…that seems too much．”意思是嫌太贵了。
Part C You will hear an interview between Reiko and Kitty. As you listen, answer the questions or complete the notes in your test booklet for Questions 21 to 30 by writing NOT MORE THANTHREE words in the space provided on the right. You will hear the interview TWICE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 21 to 30.
1. At what time of the year does this interview take place?
Around mid-term
[解析] 21-30 Reiko: Excuse me. I need to interview someone for my Communications Skills class. Could I ask you questions? It will only be a few minutes. Kitty: Well, okay. Sure. Reiko: Thank you so much. Okay, urn, uh, I'm sorry; I'm a little nervous. Uh, do you have a lot of midterm tests that you are studying for? Kitty: I sure do. I have two tests next Tuesday that I haven't had time to begin studying for. Reiko: Oh! Maybe you want to study now. I don't. Kitty: Don't worry. I can talk to you for a few minutes. Please, ask me your questions. Reiko: Than you. I will try to hurry.. Please tell me first, are you a full-time or part-time student? Kitty: I'm just taking classes part time. Reiko: You are part-time. So you are working now? Kitty: Working now? No, I'm a student. A part-time student. Reiko: Yes. Sorry. I mean do you have a job? Kitty: Uh huh I'm a receptionist at a downtown law firm. Reiko: I see. What is your major? Are you studying law? Kitty: Oh, no. I don't want to be a lawyer. I'm working on a certificate in retail floristry. Reiko: Retail floristry. Kitty: No, it's pronounced retail floristry. Reiko: Thank you. Floristry is flowers, right? Kitty: Yes. Reiko: And, you are getting a certificate, not a degree. How long does it take to get this certificate? Kitty: The program takes about a year for most people, but at the rate I'm going, it will probably take me three. Reiko: Ah Question four: What attracted you to this field? Kitty: Well, I've always really enjoyed working with flowers and having gardens, so I started taking some courses because someday I'd like to open my own flower shop. UFS has a really good reputation for its retail floristry department. That's why I decided to start taking classes here. I'm sorry; was I speaking too quickly? Did my answer make sense? Reiko: Oh, yes, thank you. Now, I want to know, have you ever worked at a job that is related to this major? Kitty: No. I've just always had a groan thumb and loved working with plants and flowers. Reiko: Arid, could you tell me what kinds of jobs are possible for someone with a major in retail floristry? Kitty: Well, in the beginning, you could work as a salesperson in a flower shop or a designer depending on your skill level. Reiko: I'm sorry; could you explain what you mean by designer? Kitty: That's someone who designs and arranges flowers. Flower arranging is practically an art form, especially in some Asian countries like Japan. Do you know what I mean? Reiko: Yes. I think you are talking about Ikebana. Kitty: Right! Ike-Ike Reiko: Ikebana. Kitty: Yes. You might also be able to get a job in a nursery, where you'd grow large numbers of plants from seedlings, maybe develop new and stronger species, and, of course, help gardeners with their everyday needs and problems. Reiko: That sounds very interesting. Do you like the program in retail floristry here at UFS? Kitty: Oh, yes, so far, I like it very much. Reiko: Are the classes difficult? Kitty: No, not really. I'm just taking two classes this semester, and I'm acing both of them. Reiko: You are lucky. My classes are difficult. Kitty: Well, it's easier for me. You see, I already have a degree, so I'm used to the amount of work. It's not like I'm starting college for the first time. Reiko: I understand. Please tell me, what do you think are some of the most helpful courses in your program? Kitty: Definitely the design classes because that's really what this major is all about. Also, the identification course, where you can learn the names of the plants and flowers. That is really crucial if you are going to work in a shop or work with flowers. Reiko: Yes, it would be. For my next question, please tell me what kind of related subjects would help somebody studying retail floristry? Kitty: There are other courses in the horticulture department which would be beneficial, such as landscape design or nursery operation. Also, maybe courses in art, art history, or even architectural design would help. If you're trying to create an artistic floral arrangement to go in a particular room or with a particular painting, it would probably be useful to have some knowledge of art and architecture. Reiko: That is very interesting. Now, what is the best part of the UFS program in retail floristry? Kitty: I think the practical experience you get working with the flowers is the best part of the program. Part of the time is lectures, but you also spend three hours designing arrangements and critiquing them with your classmates. It's really important to have time to work with the flowers and then critique your arrangement and get feedback from the instructor and from everybody else in the class. The practical experience is really wonderful. Reiko: And, what about the worst part? What would you say is the worst part of the program? Kitty: I guess I'd have to say it's the memorization. A lot of the work involved with plant and flower identification is just strict memorization. You have to constantly practice the botanical names, saying them and learning what they mean so that you'll know them by the end of the course. There are really so many difficult Latin names. It's not something you can just study right before a test. Reiko: Yes, that sounds hard. Kitty: What are you saying? You know how hard it is to learn new vocabulary words! Reiko: Yes, but Latin is so difficult! I have one more question: Do you think your major is one that a foreign student would be able to handle? Kitty: Yes, I think so. I do know, however, that some of the foreign students in my classes have been having trouble following the instructor because of the language difficulties. But, if they got some help from English- speaking classmates, or, perhaps if the instructor had some assistants available to help them, I think they could do it. I'm not saying they would breeze through the class, but, with hard work and help, I'm sure they'd be successful. Reiko: That's good to know. Well, those are my questions: Thank you very much for helping me with my project. Kitty: Oh, sure. It was my pleasure. I hope I was able to give you enough information. Reiko: Yes, thank you. I'm sum my teacher will give me an A plus!
[解析] 在采访一开始Reiko就对Kitty谈到：“I'm a little nervous．Uh， do you have a lot of mid-term test that you are studying for?”Kitty回答说“I sure do．I have two tests next Tuesday that．．．”从这里我们可以推测这次采访是在学校期中考试时发生的。
2. How long does it usually take a student to finish the retail floristry certificate program?
One year
[解析] 从采访中我们得知Kitty正在读鲜花零售证书。要想获得此证书需要一年的时间。
3. The informant is interested in the program because she wants to ______.
8. Why does the informant think that the UFS program is good?
It is helpful
[解析] Kitty 认为UFS可对她学习鲜花专业很有帮助。
9. What does she think is bad about the program?
Latin names
[解析] 当采访者问Kitty最不好学的课程是什么时Kitty说拉丁语花名最不好记。
10. What is the trouble for foreign students in her class to follow the instructor?
Language difficulties
[解析] 对外国学生来讲语言障碍是跟上课程的最大困难。
Section Ⅱ Use of English Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. With extension work already underway at the Capital International Airport, plans have been unveiled for a second airport for Beijing. The new airport will be 1 after the 2008 Olympics, said a civil aviation administration official. The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) recently called 2 authorities to speed up their consultations on 3 the new airport will be. Hong Shanyuan, an official with the airport 4 of the General Administration of Civil Aviation (CAAC) said 5 could be built in Hebei Province or to the south of the city. "The site of the airport will be 6 from either the city of Langfang, in Hebei Province or at the Nanyuan Airport to the south of Beijing," said Hong. He told China Daily that 7 have only got as far as looking for a site. In the past, there had been 8 that the new airport might be built in Tianjin or Beijing's Tongzhou District. "In my opinion, the two candidate sites have similar advantages, 9 for their airspace 10 ," said Wang Wei, a professor with the Civil Aviation University 11 China. He stressed that the authorities should select the site with the 12 available airspace. Beijing already has a few no-fly zones, 13 have restricted the development of the 14 capital airport. The construction of a second 15 airport will have to take into 16 what airspace remains, said Wang. The site at Langfang is a "moderate" 17 from other nearby airports, said Li Haijun, an official with the Langfang Development and Reform Commission. "We believe building the capital's second airport in Langfang will not influence the 18 of other nearby airports," said Li. Langfang also has other 19 , such as no no-fly zones over the city and no large residential areas near the site. However, Langfang also has some disadvantages 20 with the other candidate, Nanyuan Airport in southern Beijing.
Part A Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
TEXT 1 A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous, and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment. For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world. The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life if you didn't take in the stranger and take care of him; there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation. Today there are many charitable organizations that specialize in helping the weary travelers. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. "I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinner, amazing." Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition. As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fall to "translate" cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American uses the word "friend", the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor's language and cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor's language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest, Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.
1. In the eyes of visitors from the outside world ______.
A.rude taxi drivers rarely seen in the US.
B.small-minded officials deserve a serious comment.
C.Canadians are not so friendly as their neighbors.
D.most Americans are ready to offer help.
A B C D
D
[解析] 本题为细节题。文章的一开头就讲到：“The report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly，courteous，and helpful most Americans were to them．”这句话与选项[D]相符，在大多数游客眼里，美国人都是友好的，礼貌的，助人为乐的。[A]的意思是在美国很少见到粗鲁的出租汽车司机。[B]的意思是小心眼的政府官员应受到批评。[C]的意思是加拿大人不像他们的美国邻居那样友好，通过四个选项的比较，可以看出，尽管文章的后面也讲到有例外，在美国也能见到小心眼的政府官员和粗鲁的出租汽车司机，但总的来说，美国人的美德还是值得称赞的。
2. It could be inferred from the last paragraph that ______.
A.culture exercises an influence over social interrelationship.
B.courteous convention and individual interest are interrelated.
C.various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friends.
D.social interrelationships equal the complex set of cultural conventions.
A B C D
A
[解析] 本题为推断题。通过最后一段第一句中的“In America a complex set of cultural signals，assumptions，and conventions underlies all social interrelations hips”可以推断，这句话与选项[A]相符，与选项 [D]相矛盾。选项[B]与本段第五句“It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest”相矛盾。选项[D]与本段第六句“being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers”相反。
3. Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers
A.to improve their hard life.
B.in view of their long-distance travel.
C.to add some flavor to their own daily life.
D.out of a charitable impulse.
A B C D
D
[解析] 本题为细节题。在第二段中作者谈到，由于居住分散，很多人感到枯燥和孤独。有生人或游客来作客就能增添家庭的欢乐气氛，他们会带来新的消息。选项[D]说在边远地区居住的人们招待过路人不只是出于慈善的冲动，因为在第三段中作者接着说，边远地区艰苦生活的现实也形成了这种好客的传统：“The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone traveling alone，if hungry， injured，or ill，often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement．It was not a matter of choice for the merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers．It reflected the harshness of daily life if you didn't take in the stranger and take care of him．”文中没有捉到[C]为生活加点兴趣，也没有提到[A]改善艰苦的生活和[B]去看看远方的来客。
4. The traditions pervasive of hospitality to strangers ______.
A.tend to be superficial and artificial.
B.are generally well kept up in the United States.
C.are always understood properly.
D.have something to do with the busy tourist trails.
A B C D
B
[解析] 本题为细节题。在第四段最后一句作者说，许多美国人好客不能被解释成为superficial 或 artificial因此选项[A]不对。许多美国人好客是historically developed cultural tradition的结果。在本段第一句作者还说，这种对陌生人好客的传统is very strong in the US这与选项[B]一致。接着作者又说，有关这方面的报道很多，但美国人好客“are not always understand proerly”与选项[C]不符。选项[D]为旅游景点做些事与题目不符。
5. Which of the following is the author most likely to agree to?
A.Because of the small-minded officials, rode waiters, it is hard for us to think Americans are friendly.
B.If some American families were not dull, they would not be friendly to the strangers.
C.The citizens from the large cities are not friendly to strangers.
D.The cultural tradition fostered the hospitality of Americans.
A B C D
D
[解析] 本题为作者观点题，也就是作者想表达的主题思想。通读全文可以看出，作者力图表达的思想是美国人对来访客人十分友好，并指出造成这种好客的真正原因是文化的传统。因此，选项[D]为正确答案。尽管选项[A]中的small-minded official 和 rude waiter在美国屡见不鲜，但它不是主流。虽在文章中提到美国人由于生活枯燥，对来访者很友好，但这并不意味着美国人生活不枯燥就对来访者不友好。同样，文章中又说，美国人尤其是在小城镇和边远地区的美国人特别好客，这并不意味着大城市的人就不好客。
TEXT 2 Hormone levels and hence our moods may be affected by the weather. Gloomy weather can cause depression, but sunshine appears to raise the spirits, In Britain, for example, the dull weather of winter drastically cuts down the amount of sunlight that is experienced which strongly affects some people. They become so depressed and lacking in energy that their work and social life are affected. This condition has been given the name SAD (Seasonal Affective Disorder). Sufferers can fight back by making the most of any sunlight in winter and by spending a few hours each day under special, full-spectrum lamps. These provide more ultraviolet and blue-green light than ordinary fluorescent and tungsten lights. Some Russian scientists claim that children learn better after being exposed to ultraviolet light. In warm countries, hours of work are often arranged so that workers can take a break, or even a siesta, during the hottest part of the day. Scientists are working to discover the links between the weather and human beings' moods and performance. It is generally believed that tempers grow shorter in hot, muggy weather. There is no doubt that crimes against the person' rise in the summer, when the weather is hotter and fall in the winter when the weather is colder. Research in the United States has shown a relationship between temperature and street riots. The frequency of riots rises dramatically as the weather gets warmer. Hitting a peak around 27-30℃. But is this effect really due to a mood change caused by the heat? Some scientists argue that trouble starts more often in hot weather merely because there are more people in the street when the weather is good. Psychologists have also studied how being cold affects performance. Researchers compared divers working in icy cold water at 5℃ with others in water at 20℃ about swimming pool temperature). The colder water made the divers worse at simple arithmetic and other mental tasks. But significantly, their performance was impaired as soon as they were put into the cold water- before their bodies had time to cool down. This suggests that the low temperature did not slow down mental functioning directly, but the feeling of cold distracted the divers from their tasks. Psychologists have conducted studies showing that people become less skeptical and more optimistic when the weather is sunny. However, this apparently does not just depend on the temperature. An American psychologist studied customers in a temperature-controlled restaurant. They gave bigger tips when the sun was shining and smaller tips when it wasn't, even though the temperature in the restaurant was the same. A link between weather and mood is made believable by the evidence for a connection between behavior and the length of the daylight hours. This in turn might involve the level of a hormone called melatonin, produced in the pineal gland in the brain. The amount of melatonin falls with greater exposure to daylight. Research shows that melatonin plays an important part in the seasonal behavior of certain animals. For example, food consumption of stags increases during the winter, reaching a peak in February / March. It falls again to a low point in May, then rises to a peak in September, before dropping to another minimum in November. Theses changes seem to be triggered by varying melatonin levels.
1. Why did the divers perform less well in colder conditions?
A.They were less able to concentrate.
B.Their body temperature fell too quickly.
C.Their mental functions were immediately affected by the cold.
D.They were used to swimming pool conditions.
A B C D
A
[解析] 本题为细节题，在本文的第三段中部我们看到：“The colder water made the divers worse at simple arithmetic and other mental tasks． But significantly，their performance was impaired as soon as they were put into the cold water-before their bodies had time to cool down．This suggests that the low temperature did not slow down mental functioning directly，but the feeling of cold distracted the divers from their tasks．”从这两句英文中我们可以看到在更冷的环境中，司机不能集中精力。[B]在更冷的环境中，他们的体温下降很快。[C]他们的大脑功能立刻受到寒冷的影响。[D]他们早已习惯游泳池的水温。
2. The number of daylight hours ______.
A.affects the performance of workers in restaurants.
B.influences animal feeding habits.
C.makes animals like hamsters more active.
D.prepares humans for having greater leisure time.
A B C D
B
[解析] 本文最后讲到：“A link between weather and mood is made believable by the evidence for a connection between behavior and the length of the daylight hours…food consumption of stags increases during the winter，reaching a peak in February/March．”雄鹿在冬天吃的食物要比其它时间多，在二、三月达到高峰。可见，日照时间的长短可以影响动物的饮食习惯。其他选项不合适。
3. Human irritability may be influenced by ______.
A.how nervous and aggressive people are.
B.reaction to certain weather phenomena.
C.the number of irons being generated by machines.
D.the attitude of people to thunderstorms.
A B C D
B
[解析] 本文第一段讲到：“There is no doubt that‘crimes against the poison’rise in the summer，when the weather is hotter and fall in the winter when the weather is colder．．．The frequency of riots rises dramatically as the weather gets warmer．”从这两小句中，我们可以看出天气炎热容易导致人们的急躁情绪，从而引发犯罪和骚乱。[A]人们急躁情绪受精神紧张和好战情绪影响。[C]人们急躁情绪受由机械制造的铁棍的影响 [D]人们急躁情绪受人们对暴风雨的态度的影响。前三个选项都不合适，只有[B]人们的急躁情绪是受一定的气候现象的影响。
4. What did the American psychologist find in a restaurant?
A.Customers gave smaller tips when the weather is good.
B.Customers refused to give little tips when the weather is good.
C.Customers gave bigger tips when the weather is good.
D.Customers prefer to give certain tips when the weather is good.
A B C D
C
[解析] 文章的第三段讲道：“An American psychologist studied customers in a temperature-controlled restaurant．They gave bigger tips when the sun was shining and smaller tips when it wasn't，even though the temperature in the restaurant was the same．．”从这段我们可以看出天气好的时候人们小费给的也多。
5. From the passage we can conclude that ______.
A.cold weather can increase crimes against the person.
B.cool temperature can ruin the performance of the person.
C.certain temperature can slow down mental functions of all animals.
D.certain weather can affect the mood of all animals.
TEXT 3 A recent phenomenon in present-day science and technology is the increasing trend towards "directed" or "programmed" research, i.e. research whose scope and objectives are predetermined by private or government organizations rather than researchers themselves. Any scientist working for such organizations and investigation in a given field therefore tends to do so in accordance with a plan or programmed designed beforehand. At the beginning of the century, however, the situation was quite different. At that time there were no industrial research organizations in the modern sense: the laboratory unit consisted of a few scientists at the most, assisted by one or two technicians, often working with inadequate equipment in unsuitable rooms. Nevertheless, the scientist was free to choose any subject for investigation he liked, since there was no predetermined programmed to which he had to conform. As the century developed, the increasing magnitude and complexity of the problems to be solved and the growing interconnection of different disciplines made it impossible, in many cases, for the individual scientist to deal with the huge mass of new data, techniques and equipment that were required for carrying out research accurately and efficiently. The increasing scale and scope of the experiments needed to test new hypotheses and develop new techniques industrial processes led to the setting up of research groups or teams using highly complicated equipment in elaborately-designed laboratories. Owing to the large sums of money involved, it was then felt essential to direct these human and material resources into specific channels with clearly-defined objectives. In this way it was considered that the quickest and most practical results could be obtained. This, then, was programmed research. One of the effects of this organized and standardized investigation is to cause the scientist to become increasingly involved in applied research (development), especially in the branches of science which seem most likely to have industrial applications. Since private industry and even government departments tend to concentrate on immediate results and show comparatively little interest in long-range investigations, there is a steady shift of scientists from the pure to the applied fried, where there are more jobs available, frequently more highly-paid and with better technical facilities than jobs connected with pure research in a university. Owing to the interdependence between pure and applied science, it is easy to see that this system, if extended too far, carries considerable dangers for the future of science and not only pure sciences, but applied science as well.
1. In the past there was no "directed" research ______.
A.because no government would prefer.
B.because there were no industrial research organization.
C.and scientists were allowed complete freedom to do the research they want to.
D.in which insufficient equipment and instruments were available.
A B C D
C
[解析] 本题为细节题。文章中没有涉及到选项[A]政府的支持问题。在第二段，作者谈到本世纪初的科研情况。那时没有现代的科研机构和足够的仪器设备，但这些都和directed research无关，因此选项 [B]和[D]不对。在第二段最后一句，作者谈到了the scientist was free to choose any subject for investigation he liked，since there Was no predetermined program to which he had to conform．”从中我们可以看出选项[C]符合文章的内容。
2. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A.In programmed research scientists has a supposed program to go by.
B.Government departments apply programmed research on an increasing scale nowadays.
C.Applied science and pure science rely on each other.
D.Private industrial departments are not a little interested in long-term research.
Part B In the following article, some paragraphs have been removed. For questions 66 to 70, choose the most suitable paragraph from the list A-F to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There is ONE paragraph which does not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. A stunned Hollywood debated the future of one of its biggest stars Sunday. as a sheriff's watchdog launched an investigation into a possible cover up of a leaked report that quoted Mel Gibson unleashing a tirade of anti-Semitic remarks during a drunken driving arrest. One media expert said Gibson irreparably damaged his career with his "crazy" behavior following his arrest by Los Angeles County Sheriffs deputies in Malibu early Friday. Charges of anti-Semitism were also leveled against the actor-director with the release of his 2004 blockbuster "The Passion of the Christ." 66. ______. According to the report, in addition to threatening the arresting deputy and trying to escape, Gibson said, "The Jews are responsible for all the wars in the world," and asked the officer, James Mee, "Are you a Jew?" The report has not been made public, but the Los Angeles Times reported Sunday that it had independently verified its authenticity. 67. ______. Filmgoers, too, could overlook much if the film is perceived as worthwhile. "Usually it comes down to the marketing of the movie and does the average person want to see the film," said Paul Dergarabedian, president of box office tracking firm Exhibitor Relations. The Office of Independent Review, a department watchdog panel, has opened an investigation into whether authorities gave Gibson preferential treatment by covering up his alleged inflammatory comments, said its chief attorney, Mike Gennaco. "Assuming that the report was excised, then the question is was it done for a good reason within regulations," he said. Gibson has filmed public service announcements for Sheriff Lee Baca's relief committee dressed in a sheriff's uniform. 68. ______. Gibson said in his apology that he said "despicable" things to deputies during his arrest. "I acted like a person completely out of control when I was arrested and said things that I do not believe to be true and which are despicable," Gibson said. Abraham H. Foxman, national director of the Anti-Defamation League, called Gibson's apology "unremorseful and insufficient." 69. ______. Days before "Passion" was released, Gibson's father Hutton Gibson was quoted saying the Holocaust was mostly "fiction." The younger Gibson has said that he will not speak against his father. Gibson, 50, was arrested after deputies stopped his 2006 Lexus LS 430 for speeding at 2:36 a. m. Friday. Sheriff's spokesman Steve Whitmore said deputies clocked him doing 87 mph in a 45 mph zone. 70. ______. He won a best-director Oscar for 1995's "Braveheart." He also starred in the "Lethal Weapon" and "Mad Max" films, "What Women Want" and "The Man Without a Face," among other films. A. "There is no cover-up," Baca told the Los Angeles Times. "Our job is not to focus on what he said. It's to establish his blood-alcohol level when he was driving and proceed with the case. Trying someone on rumor and innuendo is no way to run an investigation, at least one with integrity." B. Gibson's publicist, Alan Nierob, would not elaborate beyond a nonspecific apology Gibson issued Saturday. Sheriff's sources also declined to comment on Gibson's alleged remarks. Studio executives; who spoke on condition of anonymity because of the sensitive nature of the mater, were divided on how Gibson's behavior would affect his career. One noted that people have short memories, including filmmakers who might want to profit from Gibson's star power. C. "It's a nuclear disaster for him," said publicist Michael Levine, who has represented Michael Jackson and Charlton Heston, among others. "I don't see how he can restore himself." The entertainment Web site TMZ posted what it said were four pages from the original arrest report, which quoted Gibson as launching an expletive-laden "barrage of anti-Semitic remarks" after he was stopped on Pacific Coast Highway. D. "It's not a proper apology because it does not go to the essence of his bigotry and his anti-Semitism," he said in a statement on the organization's Web site. "We would hope that Hollywood now would realize the bigot in their midst and that they will distance themselves from this anti-Semite." This is not the first time Gibson has faced accusations of anti-Semitism. Gibson produced, directed and financed "Passion," which some Jewish leaders said cast Jews as the killers of Jesus. In a 2004 interview with ABC's Diane Sawyer, Gibson said he was not anti- Semitic. "To be anti-Semitic is a sin," he said. "It's been condemned by one Papal Council after another. To be anti-Semitic is to be tm-Christian, and I'm not." E. It is clear, however, that there is considerable dissent within the scientific community. Researchers from green pressure groups claim that the report's results under-report the scale of decline in fish stocks. But independent research commissioned by the Sea Fisherman's Society argues that the report's figures are wildly wrong. Todd Marvin of the Society claimed in an interview that the report used data which was collected a long time ago, and ignores recent research showing a much more healthy picture of fish numbers. He called for a widening of the powers of fishing vessels to take different species in increased numbers. F. A breath test indicated Gibson's blood-alcohol level was 0. 12 percent, Whitmore said. The legal limit in California is 0.08 percent. Gibson posted $ 5,000 bail and was released hours later. In his statement, Gibson also said he has struggled with alcoholism and had taken steps "to ensure my return to health."
1.
C
[解析] 根据上文我们得知一位媒体专家说Gibson在被捕以后由于自己的“疯狂行为”犯下一个无法弥补的错误，以至于影响它的职业生涯。对他反犹大主义的指控使得他在2004年由于导演“The Passion of the Christ．”获得的声望一败涂地。[C]段一开始就谈到这件事对他是一场核灾难。与上文衔接，意思连贯。
Part C Answer questions 71-80 by referring to the opinions of four different people who are asked on line to talk to review speed limits across some countries, with the 60 mph limit on rural roads likely to be reduced in many areas. Answer each question by circling A, B, C or D and mark it on ANSWER SHEET 1. Note: When more than one answer is required, these may be given in any order. Some choices may be required more than once. A =Bernhard Hoff, North Brunswick, New Jersey, USA B = Mike Bent, Oviedo, Spain C = Keith Manton, Houston, USA D = Tim Richards, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire Who say (says) that
A
Bernhard Hot, North Brunswick, New Jersey, USA I am afraid that speed limit reductions of that sort are doomed to fail, even if implemented. We tried that here in the States. The national speed limit was reduced from 60 mph to 55 in the 1970s to conserve oil. Someone noticed that highway fatalities also went down. So when oil became cheap and plentiful again (relatively speaking), some busy bodies decided to keep the lower speed limit. "55 Saves Lives" was the slogan they used to sell the idea. Only problem was that both cars and roads were engineered to be safe to operate at much higher speeds. No one liked the lower speed limits, it was unevenly enforced, and quite frankly speaking, that road safety was largely ignored. It was widely considered that the government puts the importance of a revenue enhancement ploy for those imposing on the traffic fines. After 20 years, speed limits were raised again, so now most non-urban stretches of divided highway have a 65 limit, higher than the older limit! My bet is that, even if you try it in your country, you won't be able to make it stick, either.
B
Mike Bent, Oviedo, Spain A drive across Germany (where on many stretches of highway there is only an advisory upper speed limit) will reveal that in urban and rural areas on the ordinary road network there is a huge range of speed limits, designed for most eventualities. In many urban areas the limit is lower than50 mph, and in some areas there is even a "voluntary" 30 mph, which many folk (including myself) respect to follow. However, whatever speed limits are imposed, the traffic regulations should enable a car to cruise in file highest gear possible for that speed-4th gear at 30 mph is a little difficult--in order to keep noise and exhaust pollution as low as possible. At the other end of the scale, fuel consumption increases alarmingly above about 90 mph, so with only 40 years of petrol supplies remaining, why not let's try to eke tins out as long as possible by establishing a 90 mph maximum on motorways and trunk roads? I prefer this idea, don't say that I am crazy.
C
Keith Manton, Houston, USA I have been driving since 1965 (unfortunately, often over speed limits ) in a career that included more than 15 company cars and driving in many countries, covering over 1 million road miles in my life. I became a member of the Institute of Advanced Motorists in 1979 because I take driving seriously and my company at the time believed in training its reps who were on the road to do their jobs. in that 40 years I have been involved in one accident ( other than several little bumps from behind) which was a 50/50 head on at age of 21 which I take equal blame for, on a single track road in the mud. I learnt a great deal from that as I was not speeding at the time due to file conditions. The reason I am still alive and have not killed anyone else is skill, common sense and experience. Lowering speed limits will have no bearing on the unskilled idiot who blasts past a horse in the middle of a country road and kills the old lady doing 30 mph in the other direction. I consider that training and awareness of driving being a skill is what is needed, not lower limits, therefore, it is the local authority to decide what speed limits we should have according to the geography of the special areas. In my point of view, driving skills are the most important factor to avoid traffic accidents, not the speed limits.
D
Tim Richards, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire Living in a rural high peak, I regularly face cars hurtling down the hill at almost twice the 30 mph limit, in a desperate rush to beat the one set of traffic lights that could delay them for a couple of minutes on their obviously very important journey. It is necessary that inhabited areas should certainly have the speed limit reduced to 20 mph, and they should be monitored. I also agree with increasing speeds on dual carriageways and motorways, with modem cars, there is certainly a reasonable call for an autobahn style motorway system. For a good driver, even if you're not speeding you have less time to react if a child or old person should walk unexpectedly into the road. I'm all for allowing fellow motorists freedom to drive in areas where they are not going to come into contact with people. ·in order to save oil, the national speed limit decreased from 71. ______. 60 mph to 55 in the 1970s? ·he often sees a cars hurtling down the hill at almost 60 mph 72. ______. because he was living in the high peak of the countryside? ·there is a huge range of speed limits on ordinary road, 73. ______. designed for most eventualities in Germany ? ·that both cars and roads were engineered to be safe to 74. ______. operate at much higher speeds? ·it is important for a driver to have skills, sense and 75. ______. experience to avoid traffic accidents? ·the oil consumption has increased alarmingly, there were 76. ______. only forty years of oil supply? ·inhabited areas should have the speed limit reduced to 77. ______. 20 mph, and be controlled well? ·no one liked the lower speed limits and we should have 78. ______. a 90 mph on motorways and trunk roads? 79. ______. ·there is a speed limit of 30 mph, which a lot of 80. ______. people like to follow in some areas?
1.
A
[解析] 从[A]中我们看到：“The national speed limit was reduced from 60 mph to 55 mph in the 1970s to conserve oil．”。
2.
D
[解析] 从问题中我们看到只有Tim Richards住在乡村高地。
3.
B
[解析] 谈到德国的情况，只有来自西班牙的Mike Bent知道。
4.
A
[解析] 从[A]中我们看到Bernhard Hoff说：“Only problem was that both cars and roads were engineering to be safe to operate at much higher speeds．”。
[解析] 在文章中Mike Bent也谈到：“in some areas there is even a voluntary 30 mph，which many folk respect to follow．”。
Section Ⅳ Writing
1. Some people say that it is good for children to join competitive sports at the early age, other people disagree with the idea by arguing that a lot of benefits are lost in children when the name of the game becomes winning. Write an article to clarify your own ideas on this issue. You should use your own ideas, knowledge or experience to generate support for your article and include some examples. You should write no less than 250 words. Write your article on ANSWER SHEET 2.
There are a lot of benefits to team sports. Unfortunately a lot of those benefits are lost in children when the name of the game becomes winning. Many of the sports we involve our children in are competitive ones such as hockey, soccer and baseball. And while most experts believe that a healthy sense of competition has its benefits, teaching our children to play sports simply to win the game shortchanges them on the benefits of physical fitness. Fitness consultant David Carmichael says that unwillingly we reinforce winning, so that children are programmed to believe that it's important. We provide them with huge trophies, and often the first thing that we ask when a child walks in through the door after a game is "who won?" instead of "how did you do?" David add that while parents may take winning seriously, kids want to be involved with sports for reasons other than winning the game, "Why do you participate in your best sport?" The number one response was for fun, number two was to improve skills, the third reason was to stay in shape, and the tenth reason was to win. David believes that when it comes to competition the best thing parents can do is back off. "I think there are many situations when we get caught up either in the game, or that we believe that winning or malting the team is very important, and we push kids a little beyond their limits. They're not little adults, they're children. They can't tolerate the same types of pressures that most adults can go what we have to do is to give sport back to children, let them make some of their own decisions and almost play a hands-off role." I think that highly competitive sports are inappropriate for very young children. Studies show that children will stay with physical activities and develop skills if we perceive them as a pleasurable experience. If they are thrust into a highly competitive situation at a young age, where we are emphasizing winning, and sometimes winning at all costs, we are giving children the wrong interpretation of the value of physical activities.
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