二、完形填空题 If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work force skills，American firms have a problem. Human resource management is not traditionally seen as 1 to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States. Labor is simply another factor of production to be hired or 2 at the lowest possible cost—much 3 one buys raw materials or equipment. The lack of importance 4 to human resource management can be seen in the corporation hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second 5 command. The 6 of head of human resource managements is usually a specialized job，off at the edge of the Corporate hierarchy. The executive who 7 it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to 8 to Chief Executive Officer (CEO) . 9 ，in Japan the head of human resource management is central一usually the second most important executive，after the CE0，in the firm's 10 . As a 11 , problems 12 when new breakthrough technologies arrive. If American workers， for example，take much longer to learn 13 to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany (as they do) ，the effective cost of those stations is 14 in Germany than it is in the United Stated. More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity，and the need for 15 retraining 16 costs and creates bottlenecks that 17 the speed with 18 new equipment can be employed. The result is a slower pace of technological 19 . And in the end the skills of the bottom haft of the population 20 the wages of the top half. If the bottom half can’t effectively staff the processes that have to be operated，the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.
[解析] 由于前文的诸多限制，这里的result一定是消极的。a slower pace of technological中，slower已经表示消极概念，后面的词一定是积极的。innovation意为”创新，改革”；recession意为“衰退”；progression意为“前进”；adaptation意为“调整”。通常与technological搭配的表示“技术进步的是innovation，故正确答案为A。
Passage 1 When a savings account is opened in a bank，the depositor must sign a deposit agreement，By signing the agreement，the depositor agrees to abide by the rules and regulations of the bank. These rules and regulations vary with different banks and may be altered and amended from time to time. At this time，a passbook may be given to the depositor. This is a small book in which the bank teller enters the date and amount of each deposit or withdrawal and initials the entry. The passbook is to be presented at the bank or mailed to the bank along with a deposit or withdrawal slip each time money is deposited or withdrawn from the account. An alternative practice for depositing or withdrawing money from a savings account is to give the depositor a small register for recording deposits and withdrawals and a pad of deposit-withdrawal forms. This procedure eliminates the use of the passbook. Each time a deposit or withdrawal from savings is made. The appropriate part of one of the forms is filled in，signed，recorded in the register and presented or mailed to the bank with deposit items or other documents. The bank gives a machine-printed receipt to the depositor or returns it by mai1. There should be a separate savings account in the ledger to record these activities. Traditionally，the principal differences between a savings account and a checking account are that interest is paid regularly by the bank on a savings account and withdrawals from a savings account may be made at the bank or by mail by the depositor or an authorized agent. Depositors use checking accounts primarily as a convenient means of making payments，while savings accounts are used primarily as a means of accumulating funds with interest. An increasingly common practice is for the bank to combine savings and checking accounts and get depositors’ permission to make automatic transfers of funds from the savings portion to the checking portion whenever the latter falls below a specified minimum balance. This amounts to giving the depositor an interest-earning checking account.
1. What is the primary purpose of a savings account?______
A.For interest.
B.For transfer of funds.
C.For accumulating funds with interest.
D.For making profits.
A B C D
C
[解析] 从第二段的句子“savings accounts are used primarily as a means of accumulating funds with interest”可直接得出答案为C项。
2. What is the aim of a small register and a pad of deposit-withdrawal forms？______
A.To attract deposits.
B.To improve bank services.
C.To eliminate the use of the passbook.
D.To promote banking business.
A B C D
C
[解析] 本题可从文中直接找出答案，根据第一段的句子“This procedure eliminates the use of the passbook”可知答案为C项，即这一做法是为了取消银行存折的使用。
3. What is the purpose of signing a deposit agreement?______
A.To follow the bank's rules and regulations.
B.To have the right to make full use of the bank's facilities.
C.To open an account in the bank.
D.To protect the depositor's interest.
A B C D
A
[解析] 由首段第二句话“the depositor agrees to abide by the rules and regulations of the bank”可知答案为A项，即签订保障金协议目的是使存款人遵守银行的规则。
4. What does a depositor do with a passbook?
A.He makes deposits with a bank.
B.He withdraws money from a savings account.
C.He withdraws money from a checking account.
D.Both A and B.
A B C D
D
[解析] 由第一段“The passbook is to be presented at the bank or mailed to the bank along with a deposit or withdrawal slip each time money is deposited or withdrawn from the account”可知，存款人可以使用银行存折在银行存、取款。
5. For what purpose does a bank try to combine a savings account and a checking account. ______
A.For holding more funds.
B.For covering the checking account falling below the specified minimum balance.
C.For automatic transfer of funds.
D.Both B and C.
A B C D
D
[解析] 由文章倒数第二句“An increasingly common practice is for the bank to combine savings and checking accounts and get depositors’ permission to make automatic transfers of funds from the savings portion to the checking portion whenever the latter falls below a specified minimum balance”可知答案为D项。
Passage 2 Middle East turmoil makes the global oil market instable. Whether the arrival of the fourth oil crisis is still uncertain. World crude oil supply as the market Worried about the future, there may be a large-scale disruption in intraday trading in New York, crude oil prices of more than $100 per barrel. This is the United States since October 2008 for the first time crude oil prices reached $100. Libya's crude oil production accounts for 2% of global oil production and its own supply of world crude oil production is in sufficient to cause a tremendous impact. But the market is worried about Libya's conflict, unrest in other oil-producing countries of Algeria will also appear, and then spread to Saudi Arabia and other oil-rich countries. With the deteriorating security situation in Libya, employees and suppliers of security concerns is the biggest problem, a number of international oil gas operators are leaving the country and temporarily shut down production. Libya is now estimated at 1/3 of oil was cut off. However, OPEC announced that they will compensate for the shortage of oil production about Liby. The situation is reminiscent of the Middle East over the past three times "oil crisis". The first occurred in 1973, the year in October the fourth Middle East War broke out, OPEC Arab members of the order to fight against Israel and its supporters, in December announced there assumption of the right of the oil price and volume increase more than twice the price of crude oil which is from warehouse, led to the most serious global economic crisis after the World War II, and continued for 3 years. The second was the end of 1978, Iran's moderate pro-US Shah King to step down, as the world's second largest oil exporter, Iran's political upheaval, coupled with the outbreak of the Iran-Iraq war, that world oil production from 580 million barrels a day at first reduced to 100 million barrels below. The following year, soaring international oil prices doubled. In 1980, crude oil prices have been from the original $13 per barrel soared to $34 per barrel, and lasted more than six months. The third was in August 1990, Iraq captured Kuwait, the United States war against lraq, but also by international economic sanctions against Iraq, the Iraqi oil supply disruptions along the way the international oil price soared, from 3 months soared to $14 per barrel high of $42. The "oil crisis" but also to the world economy has brought about tremendous negative impact. Continued for three years the first "oil crisis" to the developed countries resulted in serious economic impact, all developed countries economic growth is slowing down, statistics show, in which the U.S. industrial production fell by 14%, while Japan's industrial production plummeted by more than 20% the second crisis has become the late 70s of last century developed one of the main general economic recession; the third crisis that developed countries, especially Britain and the United States accelerated in recession, global economic growth in 1991 below 2%, but due to the Saudi—led OPEC to increase production to stabilize oil prices, the continued high oil prices not long compared to the previous two, the global economic impact is relatively smaller.
1. People worry about the occurrence of the fourth oil crisis, mainly because_____.
Passage 3 It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors' names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal. No longer. The Internet -- and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it -- is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor. The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16000 journals. This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging； three main ones were identified by the report's authors. This is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.
1. In the first paragraph, the author discusses _____.
A.the background information of journal editing
B.the publication routine of laboratory reports
C.the relations of authors with journal publishers
D.the traditional process of journal publication
A B C D
D
[解析] 作者在第一段中讨论的是传统出版的过程。
2. Which of the following is true of the OECD report?
A.It criticizes government-funded research.
B.It introduces an effective means of publication.
3. According to the text, online publication is significant in that _____.
A.it provides an easier access to scientific results
B.it brings huge profits to scientific researchers
C.it emphasizes the crucial role of scientific knowledge
D.it facilitates public investment in scientific research
A B C D
A
[解析] 由文中的The Internet is making access to scientific results a reality. 可以得出互联网的在线出版的意义是使得科学成果更容易为人所知，更容易访问。
4. With the open-access publishing model, the author of a paper is required to _____.
A.cover the cost of its publication
B.subscribe to the journal publishing
C.allow other online journals to use it freely
D.complete the peer-review before submission
A B C D
A
[解析] 文章最后一段中说，there is open-access publishing typically supported by asking the author to pay for the paper to be published，即作者要为即将出版的文章支付费用，这也就是选项A的意思。
5. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?
A.The Internet is posing a threat to publishers.
B.A new mode of publication is emerging.
C.Authors welcome the new channel for publication.
D.Publication is rendered easier by online service.
A B C D
B
[解析] 把握文章的主旨大意题，一种新的出版方式，即在线出版正悄然兴起，乃本文主题。
Passage 4 The US $3-million Fundamental Physics Prize is indeed an’ interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year's award in March. And it is far from the only one of its type. As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science. What's not to like? Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels. The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research. They could, cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius. The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research. As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed. The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include. But the Nobel Foundation's limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. The Nobels were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy. As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere. It is fair to criticize and quest, ion the mechanism—that is the culture of research, after all—but it is the prize-givers’ money to do with as they please. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.
2. The critics think that the new awards will most benefit.
A.the profit-oriented scientists.
B.the thunders of the new awards.
C.the achievement-based system.
D.peer-review-led research.
A B C D
B
[解析] 题目问的是批评者认为新奖项对谁最有利。定位到第二段(What's not to like)有什么理由不喜欢它。第二段谈论的是科学家们对这些奖项的批评。本段提到经典无法复制，这些暴富的企业家自己设立的奖项无法赢得像诺贝尔奖那样的声望；这只是他们一种自我营销的手段。因此，获利的是这些奖项背后的设立者与B项“新奖项背后的力量”一致。第三段讲的是设立这些奖项的目的。 A项中的profit-oriented一词不对，文章并没有提到科学家谋取利润；C项的the achievement-based system和D项的 peer-review-led research都是受到负面影响的对象，并非受益者，故排除。
3. The discovery of the Higgs boson is a typical case which involves.
A.controversies over the recipients’ status.
B.the joint effort of modern researchers.
C.legitimate concerns over the new prizes.
D.the demonstration of research findings.
A B C D
B
[解析] 根据Higgs boson定位到第四段。第四段第①句是中心句，指出人们对新老奖项的颁发的担忧是合理的；第②句以“生命科学突破奖”为例，指出其非常规的观点(unrepresentative view)；第③句举例说明诺贝尔基金会限制获奖人的条件的做法已不合时宜。本段第三句指出诺贝尔奖限定每个奖项的获奖者不能超过3人且他们都必须在世的做法早已不符合具有合作性质的现代科学研究(the collaborative nature of modern research)，接着以希格斯玻色子的发现为例子，说明决定谁获奖谁不获奖是有争议的，据此判定它是一个涉及科学家合作的项目，与B项Higgs boson的发现是一个科学家共同努力的研究的例子一致。因此，B项是正确选项。A项“奖项获得者地位”是干扰项，原文确实提到了对奖项获得者的争议但原文提及的争论的焦点是“谁被忽略了” (who is ignored)，即谁该获奖，而非A项的(the recipients’ status)；C项“对新奖项的合理担忧”并不是举例说明的对象，且Higgs boson的例子也不属于新奖项；文中并未提及”研究结果的证明”，故排除D项。
4. According to Paragraph 4, which of the following is true of the Nobels?
[解析] 题目询问作者对新奖项的态度。定位到最后一段。最后一段第①句承上启下，指出科学家虽然对新奖项有抱怨，但是有两点很明显：一是大多数研究者都会接受新奖项，二是把资金和注意力投在科学研究上实际上是好事；第④、⑤句客观地提出对新奖项机制的批评和质疑本身就是一种研究的态度，但奖项设立者要如何使用资金是他们自己的事，获奖者接受奖金的时候应该心怀感激。A项“虽有争议但可以接受” ，criticism照应文中的complain about (抱怨)和fair to criticize and question(批评和质疑是合理的)，acceptable与surely a good thing(确实是好事)和take the prize with gratitude and grace(心怀感激、有风度地领奖)对应。B项是利用原文的the culture of research设置干扰，文中并未谈及新奖项对研究文化有害，harmful一词属于捏造；C项新奖项”妥协于本不想要的改变”文中并未提及；最后一段讲到一些科学家会抱怨新奖项，但这不代表新奖项不值得公众关注，故不选D项。
，
，
，
，______
，得到数列
＜x，得2＜x＜6，x最大为5，则该招待所的房间最多有5间。
，乙、丙合作效率为
。甲、丙先合作4个小时，乙单独翻译12个小时，在此过程中，甲完成了4个小时的工作量，乙完成了12个小时的工作量，丙完成了4个小时的工作量。保持此总量不变，将乙的工作拆分为三个独立的4个小时。甲、乙先合作4个小时，乙、丙再合作4个小时，最后乙单独做4个小时，仍然可以保证工程完成。设乙的效率为x，由题意则有4×
。因此乙单独完成需要15小时。
×60=
分钟，又分针与时针的转速之比为12:1，因此实际时间T=
×
≈
=57.75(亿元)，则2011年3月末的值为
≈
=50(亿元)。因此，
≈
=1.32倍，D项最接近。
，2012年3月末该比重为
=
，则所求为
=
≈0.1×0.04=0.004。
×8.9%≈
×0.09=1.4，工业中中长期贷款余额为
×3.2%≈
×0.03=0.174(万亿元)，因此
=8，D项正确。
深色：已答题 浅色：未答题