1. A recent survey by the University of Aurora Business School ______ that three out of every four new businesses are started with funds from personal saving accounts.
2. Josh graduated with his master's degree in space studies and planetary sciences, but after years of working odd jobs and barely ______, he decided to go back to get his teaching license.
A.putting on the back burner
B.breaking new ground
C.making ends meet
D.proving his mettle
A B C D
C
[考点] 考查短语辨析。 [解析] 句意：乔希获得了空间研究和行星科学的硕士学位，但在打了多年零工并且勉强维持生计后，他决定回去考教师资格证。put on the back burner“暂时搁置”；break new ground“开辟新天地”；make ends meet“收支相抵，量入为出”；prove one's mettle“证明自己的勇气”。根据上文的working odd jobs(打零工)可知他的收入很少，故本题选C。
3. A letter sent by airmail should arrive ______ the one sent by regular mail.
6. Following the rather unprecedented challenges posed by volatile weather, the coronavirus crisis and labour issues, supplies of British apples and pears could be ______ this year.
10. The U.S. Postal Service has had financial problem for years. It lost $9 billion last year. It's not supported by tax dollars; it's ______ by postage and services.
A.relieved
B.characterized
C.funded
D.donated
A B C D
C
[考点] 考查动词辨析。 [解析] 句意：美国邮政署多年来一直存在财务问题，去年亏损了90亿美元。它没有税收支持，资金来源于邮费和服务费。relieve“减轻，解除”；characterize“以……为特征”；fund“为……提供资金，投资”；donate“捐赠”。根据语境，it's ______ by postage andservices与It's not supported by tax dollars相对应，故空处的词应和前半句support词义相近，只有fund符合。故本题选C。
11. They can be housed in museums or collected by individuals who ______ antiques and can afford them.
12. Maltreated infants and young children are substantially more likely than older maltreated children to be seriously harmed or killed as a result of ______ or neglect.
20. As a writer, you have fifteen seconds, sometimes less, to convince your readers to stay put while you ______ your pearls of knowledge and wisdom into the fertile soils of their mind.
21. Norway's decision to ______ its contact tracing app came after the country's data protection watchdog objected to the app's collection of location data.
二、阅读理解 The horns have sounded and the hounds are baying. Across the developed world the hunt for more taxes from the wealthy is on. Recent austerity budgets in France and Italy slapped 3% surcharges on those with incomes above 500,000($680,000) and 300,000 respectively. Now Barack Obama has produced a new deficit-reduction plan that aims its tax increases squarely at the rich, including a "Buffett rule" to ensure that no household making more than $ lm a year pays a lower average tax rate than "middle-class" families do. Tapping the rich to close the deficit is "not class warfare", argues Mr. Obama. "It's math." Actually, it's not simply math. The question of whether to tax the wealthy more depends on political judgments about the right size of the state and the appropriate role for redistribution. The math says deficits could technically be tamed by spending cuts alone—as Mr. Obama's Republican opponents advocate. Class warfare may be a loaded term, but it captures a fundamental debate in Western societies: who should suffer for righting public finances? There are three good reasons why the wealthy should pay more tax—though not, by and large, in the ways that the rich world's governments currently propose. First, the West's deficits should not be closed by spending cuts alone. Public spending should certainly take the brunt. But experience also argues that higher taxes should be part of the mix. In America the tax take is historically low after years of rate reductions. There, and elsewhere, tax rises need to bear some of the burden. Second, there is a political argument for raising this new revenue from the rich. Spending cuts fall disproportionately on the less well-off; and, even before the crunch, median incomes were stagnating. Meanwhile, globalization has been rewarding winners ever more generously. Voters' support for ongoing austerity depends on a disproportionate share of any new revenue coming from the wealthy. Given the rich world's need for faster growth, governments should be wary of sharp tax increases—especially since they are unnecessary. Indeed, the third argument for raising more money from the rich is that it can be done not by increasing marginal tax rates, but by making the tax code more efficient. The scope for doing so is most obvious in America, which relies far more than other countries on income taxes and has a mass of deductions on everything from interest payments on mortgages to employer-provided health care, so taxes are levied on a very narrow base. Since the main beneficiaries of the deductions are the wealthy, richer folk would pay most of that. And since marginal rates would be untouched (or reduced), such a reform would do less to discourage them from creating wealth.
1. The word "austerity" (Para. 1) most probably means ______.
A.unpredictability
B.shortage
C.notoriety
D.urgency
A B C D
B
[解析] 含义题。根据题干定位到第一段。该词位于第三句中，前一句指出，发达国家开始向富人征收更多的税(the hunt for more taxes from the wealthy is on)，接着第三、四句举了一些发达国家的例子，即最近法国和意大利实行的预算(Recent austerity budgets in France and Italy)，向收入超过50万欧元(68万美元)和30万欧元的人分别多征收了3%的税，而奥巴马也制定了向富人加税的新的赤字削减计划(new deficit-reduction plan that aims its tax increases squarely at the lich)。可见，法国和意大利实行的预算同奥巴马实行的赤字削减计划性质相同，都是通过向富人征收更多的税来补贴有限的财政预算，由此可推知，目前的财政预算政策是紧缩的财政政策，可知B项最符合题意，故为答案。
2. It can be learned from the first paragraph that ______.
A.hunting for more taxes from the rich can reduce the class differences
B.the low-income families do not need to pay income tax
C.Obama's plan is designed to narrow the deficit by taxing the rich
D.Buffett sets a good example for tax payers
A B C D
C
[解析] 推断题。根据题干定位到第一段。第四句提到奥巴马已经制定一个全新的赤字削减计划，将增税的目标明确指向富人(Barack Obama has produced a new deficit-reduction plan that aims its tax increases squarely at the rich)。故可推知，奥巴马的计划旨在削减财政赤字，而且是通过增加对富人的税收来削减赤字，C项为原文内容的同义替换，故正确。
3. Which of the following is the reason for taxing more from the rich in the U.S.?______
A.The tax rate in the U.S. is lower than that in other countries.
B.The rich suffer little from spending cuts.
C.Spending cut is not enough to settle financial problems.
D.The rich are not influenced by the increasing marginal tax rates.
A B C D
C
[解析] 细节题。根据题干关键词the reason for taxing more from the rich可定位至文章第三、四段。这两段说明了向富人多征税的三点原因(three good reasons why the wealthy should pay more tax)。其中，第三段第二句指出原因之一：西方国家的赤字不能仅通过削减开销来缩小(the West's deficits should not be closed by spending cuts alone)，第三、四句还指出，公共开支理应首当其冲，但经验表明增加税收也应该是众多措施的一部分(higher taxes should be part of the mix)，C项与文意相符，故正确。
4. The author's attitude towards America's higher taxes on the rich is one of ______.
A.positiveness
B.skepticism
C.objectiveness
D.indifference
A B C D
A
[解析] 态度题。本题就作者对向富人征收更多税的态度提问，由于文中并没有文字能直接表明作者的态度，故需分析全文得知。文章前两段首先说明了讨论的主题：发达国家为了削减财政赤字开始向富人征收更多的税。接着第三、四段集中说明了对富人征收更多税的三点原因，这几点原因颇具说服力，表明作者是支持向富人征税的。最后一段首句又提到，在美国，对富人多征税的可能性最明显(the scope for doing so is most obvious in America)，接着后文具体解释了原因。由此可知，作者是支持向富人征收更多税的，故A项符合文中作者的态度，故为答案。
5. Which of the following is the text mainly about? ______
A.U.S. government should make special tax rules for the rich.
B.More taxes should be hunted for from the rich.
C.Many countries need new tax policies to handle financial problems.
D.Obama's new plan will save the country's economy.
A B C D
B
[解析] 主旨题。文章第一段开门见山地提出了文章的主题：向富人征收更多的税，接着第一段围绕这一主题介绍了发达国家，尤其是美国实施这一措施的情况。第二段承接第一段，继续指出向富人多征税引发了“谁该为平衡公共财政埋单”的争议(Who should suffer for righting public finances)。接着第三、四段给出了向富人多征税的理由。第五段作者则特别说明了这一做法在美国实施的可能性及其原因。由以上分析可知，本文主要围绕着向富人征税这一问题展开论述，说明了这一措施的目的、原因以及在美国的可行性，B项准确且全面地概括了原文主旨，故正确。
The European Commission, which proposes laws for the EU, voted overwhelmingly on Thursday to propose legislation compelling companies selling smartphones in Europe to commit to a single charging standard—which, logically, would be the already widely adopted USB-C. This, the commission argues, would greatly reduce the number of cables people would need. More importantly, it would cut way down on the number of charging cables and wall units that end up in landfills. Such a law would also force Apple to ditch its Lightning cable. Apple, which sold the most phones of any phone maker in the world last quarter, would—in theory—be hurt more than anybody else. Makers of Android phones have already switched to USB-C. Apple says that just forcing it to ditch its own Lightning standard would send generations of its familiar white chargers and cables to the landfill. Last week, an Apple spokesperson said in a statement: "Legislation would have a direct negative impact by disrupting the hundreds of millions of active devices and accessories (配件) used by our European Apple customers, creating the electronic waste and greatly inconveniencing users." It also said an EU law would be against "innovation". However, the company didn't fret about making millions of old cables obsolete when it made a voluntary pledge to move toward the Micro USB standard back in 2009.While Micro USB became the standard for other companies, Apple instead went its own way with Lightning. The first iPhones with Lightning ports appeared in 2012, sending millions of old Dock Connector cables to the trash heap. Apple also hasn't specified what it means by a possible USB law stifling innovation. Is it working on a connector that's better than today's Lightning or USB-C? Rather than resisting a potential EU law because it doesn't want to switch out Lightning for USB-C, Apple may be eyeing an option that's better still than having one standard charging cable. That's having no charging cable at all. Reports surfaced last week that Apple is working on a 2021 iPhone that can be charged wirelessly-and only wirelessly. It says that the 2021 iPhone would rely on wireless for data transfers as well as charging. Apple may now just be trying to slow down the EU's movement toward a charging standard in order to buy time. Even if Apple does have to move from Lightning to USB-C, it'll only be temporary. So whether you love or hate the prospect of a USB-C iPhone, don't spend too much time thinking about it. The shift that's really going to provoke strong opinions is coming up when Apple introduces a line of iPhones with no port at all.
6. The European Commission voted to pass legislation about ______.
A.reducing the number of cables
B.ending up wastes in landfills
C.a single charging standard
D.smartphone selling regulations
A B C D
C
[解析] 细节题。题干：欧盟委员会投票通过了关于______的立法。 根据题干关键词The European Commission和legislation定位到第一段第一句The European Commission, which proposes laws for the EU, voted overwhelmingly on Thursday to propose legislation compelling companies selling smartphones in Europe to commit to a single charging standard...(负责为欧盟立法的欧盟委员会周四以压倒性优势投票通过了一项法案，要求在欧洲销售智能手机的公司承诺采用单一的充电标准……)，由句意可知，欧盟委员会投票通过了关于要求在欧洲销售智能手机的公司承诺采用单一的充电标准的法案，C项“单一充电标准”符合文意。A项“减少数据线的数量”，根据选项关键词the number of cables定位到第一段第二句This，the commission argues，would greatly reduce the number of cables people would need(委员会认为，这将大大减少人们所需的数据线数量)可知，采用单一的充电标准的其中一个结果是会大大减少人们所需的数据线数量，但这并不是欧盟委员会投票通过的立法的内容，排除。B项根据第一段第二句中landfills设置干扰，原句意在表示“法案将导致大量充电数据线被扔进垃圾填埋场”，并非“法案的内容是‘把垃圾扔进垃圾填埋场’”，B项与文意不符，排除。D项“智能手机销售法规”表述过于笼统，排除。综上所述，本题选C。
7. What does "ditch" mean in the second paragraph? ______
A.Abandon.
B.Improve.
C.Adjust.
D.Adopt.
A B C D
A
[解析] 词义猜测题。题干：第二段中的单词“ditch”的意思是什么? 根据题干定位到画线单词所在句Such a law would also force Apple to ditch its Lightning cable(这样的法律还将迫使苹果公司______其闪电数据线)。根据第一段第一句...which, logically, would be the already widely adopted USB-C(……理论上应该是已经广泛使用的USB-C接口)和第二段倒数第二句Makers of Android phones have already switched to USB-C(安卓手机制造商已经换成了USB-C接口)可知单一的标准是USB-C接口，那么意味着苹果需要放弃自己的闪电接口。由此可知，“ditch”的意思是“放弃”。此外，第二段最后一句Apple says that just forcing it to ditch its own Lightning standard would send generations of its familiar white chargers and cables to the landfill(苹果公司表示，仅仅是迫使其______自己的闪电标准接口，就会把一代又一代熟悉的白色充电器和数据线送进垃圾填埋场)中也出现了“ditch”这个词，也可从后半句send...to the landfill(送进垃圾填埋场)推知“ditch”表示“放弃”，A项正确。B项“提高”，C项“调整，调节”，D项“采用”均不符合语境，排除。综上所述，本题选A。
8. What is the author's attitude towards Apple spokesman's comments? ______
9. In the author's opinion, why might Apple slow down the pace of unifying charging standards? ______
A.Because Apple doesn't want to switch out Lightning for USB-C at all.
B.Because it guarantees greater likelihood Apple will be able to stick with Lightning until it can shift entirely to wireless charging.
C.Because Apple strongly believes that this law stifles innovation.
D.Because then Apple may get technical support from other company for developing wireless charging.
A B C D
B
[解析] 推断题。题干：在作者看来，为什么苹果可能放慢统一充电标准的步伐? 根据题干关键词slow down the pace和charging standards定位到最后一段第一、二句It says that the 2021 iPhone would rely on wireless for data transfers as well as charging. Apple may now just be trying to slow down the EU's movement toward a charging standard in order to buy time(据说2021年的苹果设备将依靠无线来进行数据传输和充电。为了争取时间，苹果可能只会试图让欧盟放慢向规定充电口标准迈进的步伐)。由句意可知苹果放慢步伐是为了转向无线充电，因此B项“因为它能够保证在完全转向无线充电之前，苹果更有可能继续坚持使用Lightning充电接口”正确。A项“因为苹果一点也不想转向USB-C接口”并不是最直接和最主要的原因。C项“因为苹果坚定认为这项法案抑制了创新”这句话本身正确，但它并不是苹果放慢转换接口形式的原因，故排除。D项“因为之后苹果可能会从其他公司得到技术支持来发展无线充电”在原文中并无体现，故排除。综上所述，本题选B。
10. Which can be the best title for this passage? ______
A.Forget the Charging Standard, Apple's Endgame Is No Cable at All
B.EC's Attempt to Reduce the Number of Cables
C.An EC Legislation to Unify the Adoption of USB-C
D.Apple Severely Opposed Legislation to Unify USB-C
Government officials say the United States is using less energy than it has in thirty years. This was because much of the nation's economy has been shut down by measures meant to contain the new coronavirus. The U.S. Energy Information Administration said in a report that reduced demand for coal, gasoline and jet fuel drove the decrease. The numbers were similar in many countries around the world where energy use has fallen. Those trends are expected to turn around as commercial activity restarts. But a decline in U.S. and worldwide greenhouse gas emissions is expected. Greenhouse gases are gasses in the atmosphere that trap heat and are believed to cause rising temperatures. Overall U.S. energy usage dropped 14 percent during April compared to the same time a year earlier, the energy administration said. That is the lowest monthly level since 1989.It is also the largest decrease ever recorded since the government began collecting the data in 1973.Not all forms of energy, however, have had decreases. Natural gas usage did not follow the trend and increased by 15 percent during April. Lockdown or stay-at-home orders may have played a part in the increase. Petroleum use fell to 14.7 million barrels a day in April, down almost a third compared to the same period last year. However, demand already has rebounded after stay-at-home orders ended and large parts of the economy started moving again. People appear to be returning to their old driving habits. Petroleum use in June was back up to 17.6 million barrels a day. That number comes from the American Petroleum Institute. However, the group noted that new drilling activity continues to be weak. Oil exploration has decreased for seven straight months as stockpiles of oil and petroleum products remain near record levels. "While we are not out of the woods yet, we do appear to be headed in the right direction", said Dean Foreman, the industry group's chief economist. Coal companies are expected to have more difficulty than petroleum producers in recovering from the coronavirus crisis. Most coal produced in the U.S. is used to create electricity but many electricity producers have switched to less costly natural gas and renew- ables: wind and solar.
11. Which of the following has recovered from sharp declines? ______
A.Solar energy use.
B.Oil exploration.
C.Coal use.
D.Petroleum use.
A B C D
D
[解析] 细节题。题干：下列哪项已经在暴跌后恢复过来?根据题干关键词recovered from sharp declines可定位到第二段倒数第一、二句：Petroleum use fell to 14.7 million barrels a day in April, down almost a third compared to the same period last year. However, demand already has rebounded after stay-at-home orders ended and large parts of the economy started moving again(4月份石油使用量下降至每天1470万桶，与去年同期相比下降了近三分之一。然而，取消居家隔离要求和大部分经济开始恢复之后，石油使用需求开始回弹)，因此D项“石油使用”正确。根据第三段第五句Oil exploration has decreased for seven straight months(石油开采量已经连续七个月下跌)可以排除B；solar和coal出现在第三段倒数两句，其中提及煤炭公司更难从疫情中恢复，因为煤炭本来是用来发电的，但是现在许多发电厂转向了天然气和风能、太阳能等可再生能源。由此可知，煤炭的使用量并没有恢复，而太阳能的使用是否下跌并未提及，故排除A、C。综上所述，本题选D。
12. From the passage, we know that it is more difficult for ______ to recover from the pandemic.
A.renewable energy companies
B.electricity producers
C.petroleum companies
D.coal companies
A B C D
D
[解析] 细节题。题干：从文中可知，对______来说更难从疫情中恢复。根据题干中的more difficult to recover from the pandemic定位到第三段倒数第二句Coal companies are expected to have more difficulty than petroleum producers in recovering from the coronavirus crisis(预计煤炭公司比石油生产商更难从冠状病毒疫情中恢复过来)，因此D项“煤炭公司”正确。故本题选D。
13. Which of the following has remained near record low? ______
A.Natural gas exploration.
B.Petroleum use.
C.Coal use.
D.Oil exploration.
A B C D
D
[解析] 推断题。题干：下列哪项保持接近记录最低?该题关键词为remained near record low题干在原文中并无直接说明，因此本题需使用排除法。 A项“天然气勘探”。文中只提到天然气使用，未提到天然气勘探，故排除。 B项“石油使用”。根据原文第二段最后两句Petroleum use fell to 14.7 million barrels a day in April, down almost a third compared to the same period last year. However, demand already has rebounded after stay-at-home orders ended and large parts of the economy started moving again(4月份石油使用量下降至每天1470万桶，与去年同期相比下降了近三分之一。然而，取消在家隔离政策和大部分经济开始恢复之后，石油使用需求开始回弹)可知，石油使用量已经回升，并未保持历史最低，因此B项错误，排除。 C项“煤炭使用”。根据第三段最后两句Coal companies are expected to have more difficulty than petroleum producers in recovering from the coronavirus crisis. Most coal produced in the U.S.is used to create electricity, but many electricity producers have switched to less costly natural gas and renewables: wind and solar(预计煤炭公司比石油生产商更难从冠状病毒疫情中恢复过来。美国生产的大多数煤炭都用于发电，但是许多电力生产商已转向成本更低的天然气和可再生能源：风能和太阳能)，原文没有提到煤炭使用量数据的变化，与题干信息无关，故C项错误，排除。 D项“原油勘探”。根据原文第三段第五、六句Oil exploration has decreased for seven straight months as stockpiles of oil and petroleum products remain near record levels. "While we are not out of the woods yet, we do appear to be headed in the right direction," said Dean Foreman, the industry group's chief economist(由于原油和石油产品的库存保持在创纪录水平，原油勘探已经连续七个月下降。该行业首席经济学家迪安·福尔曼表示：“虽然我们还没有走出困境，但我们的确朝着正确的方向前进”)可知，原油的勘探已经连续七个月下降了，则目前应处在历史最低水平，故D项正确。 综上所述，本题选D。
14. According to the passage, the usage of ______ in the United States continues to increase.
A.gasoline
B.natural gas
C.coal
D.greenhouse gases
A B C D
B
[解析] 细节题。题干：根据原文，美国______的使用量持续上升。 根据题干关键词continues to increase定位到第二段第五句Natural gas usage did not follow the trend and increased by 15 percent during April(天然气的用量没有跟随这一趋势，在4月增长了15%)，由此可知，美国天然气的用量非降反升，故B项正确。 A项“汽油”可定位至第一段第三句The U.S. Energy Information Administration said in a report that reduced demand for coal, gasoline and jet fuel drove the decrease(美国能源信息管理局在一份报告中称，煤炭、汽油和飞机燃料需求降低是能源使用量下降的原因)，由此可知，汽油使用量在降低，故A项错误。同时可知C项也错误，排除。 D项“温室气体”。根据关键词greenhouse gas定位到第一段倒数第二句But a decline in U.S. and world-wide greenhouse gas emissions is expected(预计美国和世界的温室气体排放量会降低)，并没有体现温室气体的使用量在上升。此外，与温室气体有关的常见搭配是“温室气体的排放量”而非“温室气体的使用量”，因此D项错误，排除。 综上所述，本题选B。
15. Which of the following is TRUE, according to the passage? ______
A.A mild winter has depressed demand for electricity.
B.A decline in energy use has led to less greenhouse gas emissions.
C.Energy use has fallen in many countries.
D.Coal use fell about 14 percent in April compared to the same period last year.
A B C D
C
[解析] 细节题。题干：根据原文以下哪项是正确的?本题题干中无关键词，因此需根据选项中关键词回文定位，逐项排除。 A项“暖冬降低了电力的需求”，在原文中没有体现“暖冬”，故排除。 B项“能源使用量减少已经导致温室气体排放量减少”，根据关键词greenhouse gas定位到第一段倒数第二句But a decline in U.S. and worldwide greenhouse gas emissions is expected(但是预计美国和世界的温室气体排放量会降低)，由此可知，文中是预计排放量减少，并非已经减少，故B项错误。 C项“很多国家的能源使用量下降”，根据选项定位到第一段第四句The numbers were similar in many countries around the world where energy use has fallen(世界其他许多能源使用量下降的国家数据也类似)，由此可知，C项正确。 D项“与去年同期相比，四月份煤炭使用量下降了约14%”，原文只说了煤炭公司恢复困难，并未提及下降的具体数据，下降了14%的是美国所有能源的使用量，而不仅是煤炭，故排除。 综上所述，本题选C。
A new study shows that heatwaves can cause fish and other creatures in the world's oceans to travel thousands of kilometers in search of cooler waters. Scientist at the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) reported on the study last week. Their research is based on a new way of measuring heatwaves. It is called "thermal displacement". NOAA notes that earlier research has centered on how hot weather can increase ocean surface temperatures over time. Heatwaves can cause changes to the ocean environment, killing large numbers of seabirds and affecting corals and other sea life. Thermal displacement measures how far fish, whales and other mobile species must travel to find cooler ocean surface temperatures. The measurement depends on the rate at which temperature changes across the ocean. Research scientist Michael Jacox calls thermal displacement a powerful new way of looking at ocean heatwaves. "When the environment changes, many species move", he said in a statement. "This research helps us understand and measure the degree of change they may be responding to." Heatwaves can add to the difficulties the world's oceans are already facing from long-term warming linked to climate change. The scientists examined information related to ocean heatwaves in last 37 years. They looked at the displacement of different species during these events. In some places, cooler water would not be far from warmer seas, such as where different parts of the ocean meet, the study found. But in tropical areas—where temperature changes are usually small—some sea creatures would need to travel more than 2,000 kilometers to find cooler water. Jacox says fast-moving displacement of sea life can affect many kinds of sea creatures and have human costs, as well. "Some of the most mobile species—many fish, whales, and turtles—hold great value for humans", he said. Fisheries and tourism could be harmed, and threatened species could also face displacement. Michael Alexander of NOAA's Physical Sciences Laboratory helped lead the research team. He said the study "may give us an idea how the ecosystem may change in the future." This could, for example, help predict how far fishermen would have to travel to reach the fish they want to harvest, he said.
16. The underlined "thermal displacement" (Para. 2) means ______.
A.the movement of sea life to cooler water
B.the degree of change in ocean surface temperatures
C.the rising ocean surface temperatures
D.a new way of measuring heatwaves
A B C D
D
[解析] 含义题。题干：第二段中画线单词“thermal displacement”的含义是什么? 根据题干关键词定位至文章第二段第三句Thermal displacement measures how far fish, whales and other mobile species must travel to find cooler ocean surface temperatures(热位移测量鱼类、鲸鱼和其他流动性物种需要游多远才能寻找到较冷的海洋表面温度)，结合第一段第三、四句Their research is based on a new way of measuring heatwaves. It is called“thermal displacement.”(此项研究基于一种测量热浪的方法，它被称为“热位移”)可知，“热位移”是一种新的测量热浪的方法。故D项“一种新的测量热浪的方法”正确。 A项“海洋生物向冷水移动”、B项“海洋表面温度的变化程度”及C项“海洋表面温度的上升”均非“热位移”的含义所在，可排除。 综上所述，本题选D。
17. What does Michael Alexander think of the study? ______
A.It is helpful.
B.It is honest.
C.It is challenging.
D.It is eco-friendly.
A B C D
A
[解析] 态度题。题干：Michael Alexander如何看待这项研究? 题干关键词是人名Michael Alexander，根据关键词定位至文章最后一段。根据最后一段第二、三句He said the study "may give us an idea how the ecosystem may change in the future." This could, for example, help predict how far fishermen would have to travel to reach the fish they want to harvest, he said(他说，这项研究“可能会让我们了解生态系统在未来会发生怎样的变化”，例如，这有助于预测渔民要走多远才能捕捞到他们想要捕捞的鱼)。由此可知，Michael Alexander认为此项研究对我们来说是有帮助的，如可以帮助预测生态系统在未来的变化等，故A项“有帮助的”正确。 B项“诚实的”和C项“有挑战性的”在文章中均未提及，故排除；D项“环保的”，根据文章内容只可得知“这项研究将有助于人们预测生态系统的变化”这一结论，并不能直接得出此项研究自身具有“环保性”，D项属于过度推断，排除。 综上所述，本题选A。
18. What is found by the new study? ______
A.Heatwaves are killing sea life.
B.Heatwaves can force sea life to flee great distances.
C.Climate change has doubled the frequency of ocean heatwaves.
D.Heatwaves are becoming more common and lasting longer.
A B C D
B
[解析] 细节题。题干：这项新研究有何发现? A项“热浪会杀死海洋生物”，根据第二段第二句Heatwaves can cause changes to the ocean environment, killing large numbers of seabirds and affecting corals and other sea life可知，热浪会改变海洋环境，杀死大量海鸟，影响珊瑚和其他海洋生物，A项与原文内容不符，排除。 B项“热浪会迫使海洋生物逃至很远的距离”，由文章首段第一句A new study shows that heatwaves can cause fish and other creatures in the world's oceans to travel thousands of kilometers in search of cooler waters(一项新的研究表明，热浪会导致世界海洋中的鱼类和其他生物迁移数千公里去寻找更凉爽的水域)可知，热浪会使世界海洋中的鱼类和其他生物迁移数千公里。故B项符合题意。 C项“气候变化使海洋热浪(发生)的频率增加了一倍”和D项“热浪越来越普遍，持续时间也越来越长”在文章中均未提及，故排除。 综上所述，本题选B。
19. What is Michael Jocox's attitude towards the displacement of sea life? ______
A.Objective.
B.Doubtful.
C.Supportive.
D.Sympathetic.
A B C D
A
[解析] 态度题。题干：Michael Jocox对海洋生物的迁移持什么态度? 题干关键词是人名Michael Jocox，文章第三段和倒数第二段均提到了Michael Jocox。第三段第二、三句“When the environment changes, many species move,”he said in a statement.“This research helps us understand and measure the degree of change they may be responding to.”(Jocox在一份声明中说，当环境发生变化时，许多物种都会迁移。海洋生物可能对环境变化做出反应，这项研究帮助我们理解和衡量这些变化的程度。)由本段可看出Jocox对该研究持客观态度。 倒数第二段中Jocox说，海洋生物的快速迁移会影响许多海洋生物，也会给人类带来损失。他说：“鱼类、鲸鱼和海龟等最具流动性的物种对人类来说很有价值。”渔业和旅游业可能受到损害，受威胁的物种也可能面临迁移。由此可知，Jocox客观陈述了海洋生物的迁移对其他海洋生物以及人类产生的影响，并未体现主观态度。A项“客观的”正确。 B项“怀疑的”和C项“支持的”均不是Jocox对海洋生物迁移所持态度，故排除；D项“同情的”，根据本段内容，Jocox只是客观地陈述出海洋生物迁移可能造成的影响，并未表达出他对于渔业、旅游业受损及物种流离失所这一事实的个人看法，故D项“同情的”可排除。 综上所述，本题选A。
20. From the passage, we know that sea life in ______ have to travel much farther.
A.temperate areas
B.frigid areas
C.subtropical areas
D.tropical areas
A B C D
D
[解析] 细节题。题干：从这篇文章中，我们知道哪个地区的海洋生物必须迁移至更远的海域? 题干关键词是travel much farther，根据关键词定位到文章第四段最后两句In some places, cooler water would not be far from warmer seas, such as where different parts of the ocean meet, the study found. But in tropical areas—where temperature changes are usually small—some sea creatures would need to travel more than 2,000 kilometers to find cooler water(研究发现，在一些地方，较冷的海水离较暖的海水不远，比如海洋的不同部分交汇的地方。但在温度变化通常很小的热带地区，一些海洋生物需要迁移2000多公里才能找到较冷的海水)可知，热带地区海洋生物迁移的距离更远，D项正确。 A项“温带地区”、B项“寒冷地区”、C项“亚热带地区”均与文意不符，排除。 综上所述，本题选D。
Recognition and appreciation. We often use these words interchangeably, and think of them as the same thing. But while they're both important, there's a big difference between them. For those who want their teams to thrive and organizations that want to create cultures of engagement, loyalty, and high performance, it's important to understand the distinction. Recognition is about giving positive feedback based on results or performance. Sometimes this happens in a formal way: an award, a bonus, a promotion, a raise. Sometimes recognition is given more informally: a verbal thank you, a handwritten note. All of these methods can be meaningful, especially if they're done in a timely and genuine way. They're also motivating and exciting—everyone wants their good work to be applauded. But there are some limits to recognition. First, it's performance-based, so it's conditional. Second, it's based on the past, so it's about what people have already done. Third, it's scarce. There's a limited amount of recognition to go around—everyone can't get a bonus or be mentioned by name in a memo—and it can be stressful when many people are vying for a finite amount of praise. Fourth, it generally has to come from the top. Many organizations have set up programs that allow peers to highlight each other's efforts, but the major forms of recognition (promotions, raises, and so on) usually are given by senior leaders. And while recognition that includes monetary compensation can be great, researchers from the London School of Economics found that financial incentives can actually backfire when it comes to motivating employees. According to an analysis of 51 experiments, "these incentives may reduce an employee's natural inclination to complete a task and derive pleasure from doing so." Appreciation, on the other hand, is about acknowledging a person's inherent value. The point isn't their accomplishments. It's their worth as a colleague and a human being. In simple terms, ____________________________________. This distinction matters because recognition and appreciation are given for different reasons. Even when people succeed, inevitably there will be failures and challenges along the way; depending on the project, there may not even be tangible results to point to. If you focus solely on praising positive outcomes, on recognition, you miss out on lots of opportunities to connect with and support your team members—to appreciate them.
21. Who are the main targeted readers of this article? ______
A.The researchers who want to study about employer-employee relations.
B.The leaders who want to engage their employees.
C.The employees who want to receive more attention.
D.The college teachers who want to prepare students for future careers.
A B C D
B
[解析] 推断题。题干：这篇文章的目标读者主要是谁? 文章第一段第三句指出认可与赞赏的重要性及差别性。最后一句进一步说明哪些对象更应该理解两者的区别，即For those who want their teams to thrive and organizations that want to create cultures of engagement, loyalty, and high performance, it's important to understand the distinction(对于那些希望自己的团队蓬勃发展的人和那些希望创造敬业、忠诚和高绩效文化的组织来说，了解其中的区别很重要)，且下文都在描述两者的区别，由此可知，应该是企业领导者更应该懂得认可与赞赏的区别，故目标读者应是领导者，B项是对原文的适度推断。故本题选B。 A项“想要研究雇主和雇员之间的关系的研究者”，文章没有出现雇主和雇员关系的研究者，以及与研究报告相关的表述，属于无中生有，排除；C项“希望得到更多关注的员工”，员工是被认可和赞赏的对象，而非目标读者，属于偷换概念，排除；D项“那些想让学生为将来的职业生涯做好准备的大学老师”，文中没有提及大学老师，属于无中生有，排除。 综上所述，本题选B。
22. Which of the following sentences can best fit into the blank in the passage? ______
A.recognition is about encouragement; appreciation is about gratitude.
B.recognition is material; appreciation is emotional.
C.recognition is from the senior leaders; appreciation is from leaders and peers.
D.recognition is about what people do; appreciation is about who they are.
A B C D
D
[解析] 推断题。题干：下列哪个句子最适合填入文章的空白处? 根据题干定位到文章倒数第二段。由In simple terms(简言之)可知，空白处应为前文的总结句。前文分别描写了recognition(认可)和appreciation(赞赏)的定义与区别，四个选项对recognition和appreciation进行定义。由第二段第一句Recognition is about giving positive feedback based on results or performance(认可是基于结果或表现而给予积极的反馈)和第五段Appreciation, on the other hand, is about acknowledging a person's inherent value. The point isn't their accomplishments. It's their worth as a colleague and a human being(另一方面，赞赏是承认一个人的内在价值。重点不在于他们的成就。而是他们作为同事和人类的价值)可推知，只有D项“认可是指人们做了什么；赞赏是关于他们是谁”最符合文意。 A项“认可意味着鼓励；赞赏是一种感激”与文意不符，排除；B项“认可是物质的；赞赏是精神的”，文中提到认可有两种表达方式，根据第二段第二、三句Sometimes this happens in a formal way: an award, a bonus, a promotion, a raise. Sometimes recognition is given more informally: a verbal thank you, a handwritten note(有时，人们以正式的方式表达认可：奖励、奖金、晋升、加薪。有时，人们更多地以非正式的方式表达认可：口头的感谢，手写的便条)，因此可推知认可并非都是物质方面的奖励，排除；C项“认可来自高层领导；赞赏来自领导和同事”，由文章第三段倒数第二句Fourth, it generally has to come from the top可知，认可通常来自上级领导，但文中未提及赞赏的来源，故排除。 综上所述，本题选D。
23. Why is it important to understand the difference between recognition and appreciation? ______
A.Each of them has some merits and limitations with respect to increasing employees' engagement.
B.It can tell the leaders how to motivate employees' engagement more effectively.
C.Different types of employees might need different ways to be motivated and engaged.
D.They are different in terms of the occasions where they can be beneficial for organization culture.
A B C D
D
[解析] 细节题。题干：为什么理解认可和赞赏之间的区别很重要? 根据题干关键词difference和important定位到最后一段。由该段第一句This distinction matters because recognition and appreciation are given for different reasons(这一区别很重要，因为给予认可和赞赏的理由不同)可知，要根据不同的理由来确定应该给予认可还是赞赏。需要注意的是，different in terms of occasions是原文中given for different reason的同义替换。D项“在对组织文化有益的场合上，认可和赞赏是不同的”符合文意。 A项“在提高员工参与度方面，认可和赞赏各有其优点和局限性”，文章客观地陈述了认可和赞赏的优缺点，并没有提到这是理解认可和赞赏之间的区别的重要性的原因，故排除；B项“它可以告诉领导者如何更有效地激励员工的参与度”和C项“不同类型的员工可能需要不同的激励和参与方式”文中未提及，故排除。 综上所述，本题选D。
24. According to the passage, why can financial incentives backfire? ______
A.They can trigger competition and influence interpersonal relationships.
B.Sometimes they can be unfairly awarded and it reduces others' motivation.
C.Employees may not enjoy their work but only for the financial benefit.
D.Employees would probably not be able to focus on doing the work right.
A B C D
C
[解析] 细节题。题干：根据文章，为什么财务激励会适得其反? 根据题干关键词financial incentives和backfire定位到第四段第一句And while recognition that includes monetary compensation can be great, researchers from the London School of Economics found that financial incentives can actually backfire when it comes to motivating employees(虽然包括金钱补偿在内的认可可能很好，但伦敦经济学院的研究人员发现，在激励员工方面，财务激励实际上可能适得其反)。该段第二句According to an analysis of 51 experiments, "these incentives may reduce an employee's natural inclination to complete a task and derive pleasure from doing so"(根据对51个实验的分析，“这些激励措施可能会降低员工完成任务并从中获得乐趣的自然倾向”)解释了财务激励会适得其反的原因，即员工可能只是为了经济利益而工作。因此，C项“员工可能不喜欢他们的工作，而只是为了经济利益”符合文意。 A项“它们可能引发竞争并影响人际关系”、B项“有时他们可能会得到不公平的奖励，这会降低其他人的积极性”和D项“员工可能无法集中精力做好工作”均不是文中提到的财务激励会适得其反的原因，故排除。 综上所述，本题选C。
25. Which of the following opinions would the author probably agree on? ______
A.It is more useful to recognize at the beginning level.
B.It is more difficult to appreciate than to show recognition.
C.Recognition is not useful because their performance depends on many factors.
D.We should not just rely on recognition but also learn to appreciate.
As companies including Facebook, Google, Amazon and Walmart see plateauing user numbers at home and escalating tensions between the American and Chinese tech industries, they're looking more closely at India. Although the South Asian nation has long had more potential than pay-off, its hundreds of millions of digital neophytes hunger for everything from streams of Bollywood films to boxes of breakfast cereal from online grocers. The coronavirus pandemic has hurt growth, but it's done little to slow global interest in a country that's on track to overtake Germany and Japan to be the world's No.3 economy by 2039. This year's investment rush began in January when Amazon. corn Inc. founder Jeff Bezos, on a visit to Delhi, declared "the 21st century will be India's" and announced a $1 billion investment to help small businesses there track inventory, sales, and accounts. In July, Sundar Pichai, CEO of Google's parent Alphabet Inc., pledged $10 billion to digitize India, including a $4.5 billion investment in Jio. The next day, Walmart Inc. said it would spend $1.2 billion on its Indian subsidiary, Flipkart, which faces growing competition from Amazon and, yes, Jio. Until the arrival of Jio, which means "live" in Hindi, foreigners dominated India's tech sector. The country is Facebook's biggest national market, with 328 million social network accounts and more than 400 million subscribers to its WhatsApp messaging service. Amazon controls almost a third of e-commerce there, with more than 500,000 small businesses using its platforms. Netflix Inc. and Amazon Prime dominatevideo streaming. Jio is poised to challenge those companies and more. Since its founding just four years ago, it's built a 4G network covering virtually every corner of India and become its leading mobile phone carrier. To keep customers glued to their handsets, it offers shopping, movie and music streaming, videoconferencing, and online news, and it's expanding into banking, e-learning, and apps for farmers. "Few companies have the potential to transform a country's digital ecosystem in the way Jio Platforms is doing in India," KKR&Co. boss Henry Kravis said in a note after committing $1.5 billion. Jio's rise worries some market watchers. Its cutthroat wireless data pricing and packages that offer free voice calls dramatically expanded Internet access but helped drive a half-dozen rivals out of business. With its formidable bank account and ties to industry giants, Jio is ready to become a Big Tech player in its own right, says Urvashi Aneja, director of technology consultant Tandem Research. Jio's expansion, combined with economic fallout from the pandemic, could allow it to crowd out smaller players by giving preference to its own services, Aneja says. "Regulators need to ensure that Jio doesn't grow into a monopoly," she says. Reliance boss Ambani hasn't publicly addressed those concerns, but he envisions a buoyant future for Jio. In recent years it has bought or invested in more than 20 startups in education, e-commerce, health care, and more. In May, Jio launched a grocery delivery service in 200 cities that it plans to link with millions of mom and pop stores, allowing customers to see what's in stock and place orders for speedy delivery.
26. What does the underlined word "plateauing" mean in the first paragraph? ______
A.Deteriorating.
B.Increasing.
C.Stagnating.
D.Skyrocketing.
A B C D
C
[解析] 含义题。题干：第一段中画线词“plateauing”的含义是什么? 根据画线词plateauing定位至文章第一段第一句As companies including Facebook, Coogle, Amazon and Walmart see plateauing user numbers at home and escalating tensions between the American and Chinese tech industries, they're looking more closely at India(随着Facebook、谷歌、亚马逊和沃尔玛等公司看到国内用户数量______，以及美国和中国科技行业之间的紧张局势不断升级，他们开始更加密切地关注印度)。由此可以推断出，这些公司之所以对印度的关注更为密切，是因为他们发现国内用户的数量有趋于稳定或增长停滞的趋势。 从文章所给信息并不能推断出这些公司的用户数量急剧减少或增加，A项“退化，恶化”，B项“增长”和D项“突涨，飞升”均与文意相悖，故排除；只有C项“停滞，不发展”与文意最为符合。故本题选C。
27. The underlined sentence "The coronavirus pandemic...economy by 2039." in the first paragraph tells us that ______.
A.Germany and Japan are quite interested in investing in India
B.India's economic growth has not been impacted by the pandemic
C.India will bethe world's third largest economy very soon
D.global investors are optimistic about the market of India
A B C D
D
[解析] 推断题。题干：第一段中的画线句“The coronavirus pandemic...economy by 2039.”告诉我们______。 根据题干定位至第一段画线句The coronavirus pandemic has hurt growth, but it's done little to slow global interest in a country that's on track to overtake Germany and Japan to be the world's No.3 economy by 2039，由此可知新冠病毒流行阻碍了经济增长，但这丝毫没有消减全球想对印度投资的兴趣。印度有望超越德国和日本，在2039年之前成为世界第三大经济体。 A项“德国和日本对在印度投资很感兴趣”和B项“印度的经济增长没有受到疫情的影响”在文章中均未体现，故排除；C项“印度将很快成为世界第三大经济体”，根据画线句的内容，仅能知道“印度有望在2039年之前成为世界第三大经济体”，C项的表述过于肯定，故错误；D项“全球投资者对印度市场持乐观态度”，根据画线句的内容可知，虽然新冠病毒阻碍了全球经济增长，但投资者们对印度市场仍存在着兴趣，故可推断出全球的投资者们对印度市场秉持着乐观态度。 综上，本题的正确答案为D。
28. Among the following companies, which is not mentioned to have invested in India this year? ______
A.Walmart.
B.Microsoft.
C.Google.
D.Amazon.
A B C D
B
[解析] 细节题。题干：以下哪家公司今年未在印度投资? 根据题干关键词have invested in India this year可定位到文章第二段。根据第二段内容This year's investment rush began in January when Amazon. com Inc. ...and announced a $1 billion investment...In July, Sundar Pichai, CEO of Google's parent Alphabet Inc., pledged $10 billion to digitize India...The next day, Walmart Inc. said it would spend $1.2 billion on its Indian subsidiary...可知，亚马逊、谷歌和沃尔玛今年都对印度进行了投资。B项“微软”在文章中未提及。故本题选B。
29. Foreign companies face challenges from Jio not because ______.
A.it provides shopping, movie and music streaming to its customers
B.it has extended its business to banking and e-learning
C.its 4G network has very wide coverage in India
D.the government banned some foreign companies to protect the local one
A B C D
D
[解析] 细节题。题干：外国公司面临着来自Jio的挑战，不是因为______。根据题干关键词foreign companies和challenges from Jio可将解题范围缩小到第四段，再根据选项关键词回文定位进行匹配。 A项“它为顾客提供了购物、电影和音乐流媒体”。根据选项关键词shopping，movie and music streaming可定位到第四段第三句To keep customers glued to their handsets, it offers shopping, movie and music streaming, videoconferencing, and online news...(为了让顾客目不转睛地盯着手机，Jio提供购物、电影和音乐流媒体、视频会议和在线新闻等服务……)，由此可知A项正确。 B项“它已经将业务拓展到银行及网络学习”。根据选项关键词banking和e-learning可定位到第四段第三句...and it's expanding into banking, e-learning, and apps for farmers(……Jio正把业务扩大到银行、网络学习和供农民使用的应用程序)，由此可知，B项正确。 C项“它的4G网络在印度广泛覆盖”。根据选项关键词4G network可定位到第四段第二句Since its founding just four years ago, it's built a 4G network covering virtually every corner of India and become its leading mobile phone carrier(自4年前成立以来，该公司已经建立了几乎覆盖印度每个角落的4G网络，并成为其领先的移动电话运营商)，由此可知，C项正确。 D项“政府禁止一些外国公司(进入国内市场)以保护本土企业”在文中没有提及，故D项错误。 本题要求选择不是原因的一项，故本题选D。
30. Jio's business has covered many fields except ______.
A.grocery delivery service
B.healthcare
C.education
D.insurance
A B C D
D
[解析] 细节题。题干：Jio的业务已经覆盖了许多领域，除了______。根据题文同序原则及题干关键词has covered many fields可将解题范围缩小到最后一段，再根据选项具体定位。 A项“杂货店送货业务”可定位到末段末句In May, Jio launched a grocery delivery service in 200 cities that it plans to link with millions of mom and pop stores...(今年5月，Jio在200个城市推出了一项杂货店配送服务，计划将其与数百万家家庭经营的小零售店连接起来)，由此可知A项正确；B项“健康护理”和C项“教育”可定位到末段第二句In recent years it has bought or invested in more than 20 startups in education, e-commerce, health care, and more(近年来，Jio在教育、电子商务、医疗保健等领域收购或投资了20多家初创企业)，由此可知，B、C两项正确；D项“保险”在文中没有提及。 本题要求选没有涉及的一项，故本题选D。
______
，则分母1，7，13，19，(25)是公差为6的等差数列。分子2，6，12，20，(30)构成二级等差数列，分子后项减前项的差依次为4，6，8，(10)，是公差为2的等差数列；或者将分子进行乘积拆分，依次可改写为1×2，2×3，3×4，4×5，(5×6)，两个乘数均为自然数列。则应填入
。故本题选D。
，代入题中数据
，侧面积=
。当
，即h=30时，侧面积最大，为6π×10×10=600π。故本题选A。
(小时)。故本题选B。
，乙烧杯中的溶液浓度变为
，两个烧杯中的溶液浓度不同，排除。
，乙烧杯中的溶液浓度变为
，两个烧杯中的溶液浓度相同，故本题选C。
，即下降了0.X%，只有A项符合。故本题选A。
可知，2017年3月我国原油进口量环比上升最快。则所求为
倍。故本题选C。
根据分子大且分母小的分数大可知，
，比较
，717约是356的2倍，3178是2879的1倍多，所以
，即2017年3月我国原油进口量环比上升最快，所求为
故本题选C。
，不能推出。
万吨，2017年2月我国原油进口量同比减少
万吨，显然
，则2017年—2月原油进口量同比增量大于0，即原油进口量高于上年同期水平，能够推出。故本题选C。
深色：已答题 浅色：未答题