Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C and D on ANSWER SHEET 1. Home prices slid in November, raising questions about whether the housing recovery is robust enough to maintain a sustained turnaround. From October to November, home prices fell 0.2% after 1 0.1% in October, according to a report Tuesday by Standard & Poor's/Case-Shiller's home price index. 2 five of the 20 metro areas 3 by the index saw price increases for the month. On a(n) 4 basis, prices were 5.3% lower in November than in November 2008. Prices were the same as in late 2003. "What we've seen 5 the past couple of months is that the pace of 6 has fallen down," says Maureen Maitland of Standard & Poor's. "Some markets have 7 Is that because we haven't 8 the foreclosure (回赎权的取消) cycle? Because of unemployment? We're not seeing the 9 we were seeing in the last summer months. " Metro areas that have seen a retreat in home prices 10 Seattle, Charlotte, Las Vegas and Tampa. All four 11 gains they made in recent months 12 . 13 , for the 20-metro index, the annual rate of decline is improving. That 14 , with other recent housing reports that show prices 15 or accelerating, could point to 16 the housing market is starting to 17 its footing, some economists say. Existing home sale prices were $178 300 in December, which is 1.5% higher than December 2008, according to a report this week by the National Association of Realtors. That was the first year-over-year 18 in median price since August 2007. "The most 19 thing we can say is not only the market is stabilizing, but we've seen that housing demand is strong," says Bernard Baumohl, with the Economic Outlook Group. "Housing probably will continue to climb upwards through the summer, 20 it could slip a little as the tax credit expires. "
[解析] 空格所在句指的是过去几个月里房价的变化，因此应该使用能够与the past couple of months连接的介词，over作介词时，表示“在……期间”，用在此处符合句意和语法要求。with，under和upon不能与表示时间的短语连用，故排除。
6.
A.recognition
B.recourse
C.recovery
D.relapse
A B C D
C
[解析] 空格所在句句意为：过去几个月来我们已经看出______的速度放缓。根据上文可知，房屋价格下降了，房市复苏了。再看下文，从Is that because we haven't…?Because of…?(是因为我们没有……吗?还是因为……?)可以看出，Maitland在表达自己的困惑：虽然房屋价格下降，房市复苏了，但是近几个月来______的速度却下降了，是因为我们没有……吗?还是因为……?通过分析上下文的逻辑关系可知，此处应该填[C] recovery，意为“恢复”，引申为“复苏”。[A] recognition用法举例：My recognition of the face was immediate．我一下子就认出那张面孔了。[B] recourse用法举例：He tackled the difficult problem without recourse to any help．他不依靠任何人的帮助而独立解决了这一难题。[D]relapse用法举例：a risk of relapse旧病复发的危险。
7.
A.fallen over
B.fallen behind
C.fallen back
D.fallen out
A B C D
C
[解析] 空格所在句句意为：一些市场已经______。此处仍然是Maitland的话，而且是承接上句话“过去几个月来我们已经看出房市复苏的速度放缓了”。通过分析四个选项可知，房市复苏速度放缓的更进一步的结果应该是一些市场已经回落，故[C]符合句意。[A] fallen over用法举例：The hunter fired and the deer fell over on its side．猎人开了枪，那头鹿侧身翻倒在地。[B] fallen behind用法举例：He didn't want to fall behind the others in his studies．他不想在学习上落后于别人。[D] fallen out用法举例：I don't like to fall out with my friends。我不喜欢与我的朋友争吵。
8.
A.worked through
B.worked at
C.looked through
D.passed through
A B C D
A
[解析] 空格所在句是对取消回赎权这项工作的描述。从上下文可以看出，该句是说怀疑这个动作是否已完成，表示一种能够产生结果的动作，因此worked through符合文意。work at指从事某项工作，为持续性动作，没有表示结果之意。look through与pass through和文意不相关，可排除。[B] worked at用法举例：Tom has been working at the subject for many years．汤姆已经钻研这门学科多年。[C] looked through用法举例：Look through the contents before reading．读书之前先看看目录。[D] passed through用法举例：We were passing through，so we thought we'd come and call on you．我们路过此地，所以想来拜访你。
[解析] 空格所在句句意为：一些出现房价下跌现象的大城市______西雅图、夏洛特、拉斯维加斯和坦帕。通过分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，该谓语动词后面需要直接跟宾语。纵览四个选项可以看出，从意义上和句法上都正确的选项是[C]。[A]是不及物动词，在表达“由……组成”时，一般用作consist of，用法举例：The committee consists of ten members．委员会由十人组成。[B]是针对include给出的形近词干扰项，用法举例：What can you conclude from these observations?你从这些观察中能得出什么结论?[D]的意思不符合句意，用法举例：Farmers often enclose their land with hedges．农夫们常用树篱将他们的地围起来。
11.
A.watched
B.saw
C.cared
D.overlooked
A B C D
B
[解析] 空格所在句是介绍四个大城市房价的下跌，而后面也没有继续展开，因此这里只是陈述事实，而并没有其他意思，因此所填动词不应该引入其他意义。watch和see都有“看到”的意思，watch强调注视、集中注意力看．而see则有“目睹；经历”之意，用在此处更为合适。care和overlook都不符合。[A] watched用法举例：We watched the departure of the train from the station．我们看着火车驶离车站。[C] cared用法举例：He failed the examination but he didn't seem to care．他考试不及格却似乎并不在乎．[D] overlooked用法举例：My calculation was wrong because I overlooked one tiny point．由于我忽略了一个细微之处，我的计算错了。
12.
A.deleted
B.validated
C.finished
D.erased
A B C D
D
[解析] 空格处的逻辑主语是gains(收益)，且该句与前面为承接关系．都是说的房价降低，因此所选的动词意义不应该与之发生变化，由此可以确定答案为[D]。[A] deleted用法举例：Delete his name from the list．把他的名字从名单上删去。[B] validated用法举例：In order to validate the agreement between you and your employer，you must both sign it．为了使你和你的雇主之间的合同具有法律效力，你们双方必须都在合同上签字。[C] finished用法举例：Term finished next week．下星期学期结束。
[解析] 空格所在句与前一句是并列的关系，描述的是房价上涨这个事情。因为房价上涨的变动情况体现出来的应该是一种“趋势”，故[A]为正确答案。其他选项都不符合该意思。[B] circumstance用法举例：He was forced by the circumstances to do this．他做此事是为环境所迫。[C] condition用法举例：I'll do it on condition that you pay for everything．我可以做此事，条件是你得支付一切费用。[D] hypothesis用法举例：All these facts have borne out the hypothesis．所有这些事实证明了假设的正确性。
15.
A.fluctuating
B.stabilizing
C.declining
D.inclining
A B C D
B
[解析] 由空格所在句子中的______or accelerating可以看出该空格所要填的单词与accelerating意义相近，指的是房价的增长而不是降低的趋势．由此可以排除[C]。而[A]和[D]只是表示价格有变化的倾向，却没有明确指出是如何变化的，因此也可以排除。由排除法可知正确答案应为[B]，尽管并没有指出价格的增长，但是语义与该句的意思相符。[A] fluctuating用法举例：The price of vegetables fluctuates according to the weather．蔬菜价格随着天气变化而波动。[C] declining用法举例：As one grows older，one's memory declines．人的记忆力随着年龄增长而衰退。[D] inclining用法举例：I'm inclined to tiredness in winter．冬天我很容易就会疲劳。
16.
A.signs
B.index
C.news
D.marks
A B C D
A
[解析] 通过分析句子结构可知，空格处所填词作point to的宾语，而空格后面是一个完整的句子，根据句法可知，该句子只能是空格处所填词的定语从句或同位语从句。再看句意，空格前面的部分也就是句子的主语为“这种趋势以及一些最近显示房价稳定和上升的住房报道”。空格后面的句子意为“房屋市场正在开始______脚跟”，根据空格前后的逻辑关系可知，“趋势和报道”应该是表明了一种迹象，而不是指数或消息、标志，所以[A]为正确答案。[B] index用法举例：Do you know the price index in the city?你知道这个城市的物价指数吗?[C] news用法举例：I want to hear all your news．我想听听你的新鲜事。[D] marks用法举例：The route has been marked so that it is easy to follow．这条路线已标有记号，很容易跟着走。
17.
A.retain
B.resign
C.regain
D.reform
A B C D
C
[解析] 空格所在句指的是房屋市场的复苏，空格紧跟的词is starting to______ its footing，其中footing指的是基础或者立稳脚跟。retain尽管意思相符，但是由于前面有start修饰，因此需要一个非持续性的动词，而retain是一种持续的动作。resign与语义不符。reform虽然可以与start连用，但从全文看并没有提及对市场的改革，而regain则最为恰当。[A] retain用法举例：If you want to retain youthful vigor，you have to take regular exercise．如果你想保持青春活力，你就得经常锻炼。[B] resign用法举例：She resigned her seat to an old woman．她把座位让给一位老太太。[D] reform用法举例：The unfair wage system must be reformed as soon as possible．必须尽快改革不合理的工资制度。
18.
A.gain
B.accomplishment
C.achievement
D.success
A B C D
A
[解析] 空格所在句句意为：这是2007年8月以来首次出现房屋均价的年______。上文中说12月份成品房销售价格比2008年同期增长了1.5%，此处承接上文．所以空格处应该是“增长”的意思，故[A]符合文意。文中并没有完成任务、取得成就或者成功的意思，所以[B]、[C]和[D]均不符合文意。[B]accomplishment用法举例：What would be your greatest accomplishment in life?你人生中最大的成就会是什么?[C] achievement用法举例：It was a remarkable achievement for such a young player．如此年轻的选手有这样的成绩真是了不起。[D] success用法举例：His success was due to hard work．他的成功是艰苦努力的结果。
19.
A.expanding
B.continuing
C.puzzling
D.encouraging
A B C D
D
[解析] 从上段可以看出，成品房销售价格增长了。从下文可以看出，不但房市稳定，而且房屋需求也很旺盛，整个夏季房市都在攀升，所以这应该是一件令人鼓舞的事，而不是扩大的、持续不断的和令人迷惑的事情，故[D]为正确答案。[A] expanding用法举例：To service the expanding markets，a new type of business was necessary. 为服务日益扩张的市场，一种新型的商业是必需的。[B] continuing用法举例：Blue skies are not a guarantee of continuing fine weather．蔚蓝的天空不一定担保天气持续晴朗。[C] puzzling用法举例：The teacher's explanation clarified the puzzling problem. 老师的解释澄清了困扰的问题。
Part A Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Text 1 Data security used to be all about spending big bucks on firewalls to defend data at the network perimeter and on antivirus software to protect individual computers. Internet-based computing, or cloud computing, has changed all that, at the same time expanding exponentially the chances for data thieves and hackers. The cloud creates other opportunities too. a handful of security vendors now deliver security as a service--a one-two punch of hardware and software that monitors and manages an enterprise's data security and bills customers only for the computing power they use. "For years, security was about big companies pushing technology to their customers," says Qualys CEO and founder Philippe Courtot. "Now it's about the customers pulling precisely what they need and providing them with those resources on demand. " Qualys, a privately held company in Redwood Shores, Calif. , was among the first to embrace the service-oriented model, in 1999. Today four different modules of QualysGuard, its flagship offering, are used by more than 3500 organizations in 85 countries. The company performs more than 200 million security audits per year. Courtot knows something about opportunity. The French entrepreneur arrived in Silicon Valley in 1987 and has built a number of companies into big-time players, including Signio, an electronic-payment start-up that was eventually sold to VeriSign in a combined deal for more than $1 billion. As CEO, he rebuilt Verity and transformed cc:Mail, a once unknown firm of 12 people, into a dominant e-mail platform before Lotus acquired it in 1991. "Throughout my career, I've been able to recognize that for a technology to succeed, it must have a purpose," he says. "Technology itself has no value. It's what you do with it that counts. " Under the old paradigm, according to Courtot, enterprises overspent for stand-alone security devices that became unruly and difficult to operate over the long term He says Qualys attacks the flaws in this strategy by streamlining security and tackling most of the service delivery through the cloud. "We control the infrastructure, software updates, quality assurance and just about everything in between," he says. The firm unveiled QualysGuard in 2000. After an infusion of $ 25 million from the venture firm Trident Capital and another $ 25 million from Gourtot, Qualys tweaked the service to focus mostly on vulnerability management. Much of the company's current revenue-sales, topped $ 50 million last year--is being driving by a set of standards established by the Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council (PCISSC). "The PCI standard has been a major driver of business for all of them, especially Qualys," says Avivah Litan, a vice president and analyst at market-research firm Gartner. "When everyone has to comply, there's a lot of work to go around. "
1. The traditional way to ensure data security is by ______. A. applying for cloud computingB. installing firewalls and antivirus programs C. decreasing the chances for hackersD. using a handful of hardwares and softwares
A B C D
B
[解析] 题目中traditional way是关键词，对应第一段第一句中used to be。第一段中提到人们过去花一大笔钱在网络的边界安装防火墙和杀毒软件来保护网络上的资料和个人电脑，故[B]正确。云计算是一项新技术，而非保护资料的传统做法，故[A]不正确。第一段最后一句中提到，减少黑客入侵的机会是采取云计算产生的结果，而不是保护资料的做法，故[C]不符合题意。[D]在第二段中提及，属于新技术，也不是传统做法，故排除。
2. The phrase "one-two punch" (Line 2, Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to ______. A. fightB. negative effectC. small sizeD. combination
4. According to the text, which one about Qualys is TRUE?
A.It is a state-owned business company.
B.It is the first company that supports service-oriented model.
C.It can streamline security and tackle most of service delivery.
D.It doesn't focus mostly on vulnerability management.
A B C D
C
[解析] 文章倒数第二段第二句中提到Qualys attacks the flaws in this strategy by streamlining security and tackling most of the service delivery through the cloud，[C]是对此句的同义转述，符合题意。第三段开头提到Qualys，a privately held company，故[A]不正确。第三段第一句提到它是第一批支持服务型模式的公司之一，而没有明确指出它是第一个，故[B]不正确。文章倒数第二段最后一句提到Qualys tweaked the service to focus mostly on vulnerability management，故[D]不正确。
5. The author's attitude towards the PCI standard is A. supportiveB. criticalC. opposedD. nonchalant
Text 2 As people age and need more help with daily activities, such as bathing or taking medication, moving to a facility that provides some assistance, without sacrificing independence, may be an option. This type of environment, known as assisted living, has emerged in the past two decades as an increasingly available option for housing and long-term care. The growth of assisted living facilities has leveled off in recent years, however, as the economic downturn hampered new construction and occupancy rates. In 2007, there were approximately 38 000 assisted living facilities nationwide, serving about 975000 residents. The overwhelming majority of assisted living residents in the United States are female, according to the National Center for Assisted Living. One of the most common types of facilities that provide assisted living are called continuing care retirement communities, which offer a stepwise approach to care, says Kerry Peck, an elder law attorney based in Chicago. "The concept is you age in place," meaning you never have to leave the grounds for housing, he says, "You buy an apartment or cottage, and then as your health declines, the facility agrees to provide continuing care. Some of the most successful centers have independent living, then assisted living, then a nursing home for acute care. " But much like deciding whether a nursing home is necessary, the decision to move into an assisted living facility is not an easy one. So what factors should you consider when looking for a place to move to? Mainly, you should think about what activities you or your loved one need help with. People residing in assisted living facilities may need assistance with any number of daily activities, such as bathing, dressing, using the bathroom, cooking or eating. About 87 percent of residents need help preparing meals, for example, and 81 percent need help with managing or taking their medications, reports the NCAL. Most residents come from living in private homes or apartments; fewer come from living with adult children or other family members, from nursing home facilities, retirement or independent living communities, or another assisted living or group home. For some people, however, assisted living may not be an option, mostly for financial reasons. Assisted living facilities cost an average of $ 34 000 annually in 2009, compared to about $ 74 000 per year for a nursing home, according to research published in January in Health Affairs. How this expense is paid varies. Residents can buy into a facility by paying a large, upfront sum of money, followed by smaller monthly assessment fees. Or if the resident opts for a facility where he can rent instead, he would pay monthly for the cost of housing and care. The facilities are also mostly located in areas where home values are higher and people nearby have higher incomes.
1. From the first paragraph, we learn that ______.
A.elderly people living in assisted living facilities have to be accompanied all the time
B.fluctuation of economy can have no much effect on the construction of assisted living facilities
C.assisted living facilities have been always increasing rapidly
D.assisted living facilities have become more and more popular in the past 20 years
2. What is continuing care retirement communities?
A.It is an assisted living providing a stepwise approach to care.
B.It makes people never have to leave the grounds for housing.
C.It provides continuing care as your health declines.
D.It offers assistance with any daily activities.
A B C D
A
[解析] 文章第二段第三句提到，continuing care retirement communities是一种最常见的提供生活辅助的社区，它可以提供stepwise approach to care，故[A]符合题意。第四句中meaning you never have to leave the grounds for housing只是形象地说明这种退休社区的优点，而不能很好地概括这种社区，故排除[B]。该段倒数第二句中的the facility agrees to provide continuing care也是其优点，但不够全面，故[C]不符合题意。[D]在本段中未提到。
3. What is the principle factor people should think over when making a decision to move into an assisted living? A. Whether they have enough money.B. What activities they need help with. C. The distance from their homes.D. The living conditions there.
4. The facilities are situated in places where ______.
A.residents can buy into a facility by paying a lot of money
B.residents are rich and there are a lot of aged people
C.there are retirement and independent living communities
D.home values are higher and people have higher incomes
A B C D
D
[解析] 文章最后一段末句提到了这些社区的位置：located in areas where home values are higher and people nearby have higher incomes(位于房屋价值较高且附近的人们收入较高的地方)，[D]是对这句话的同义转述，故正确。[A]是支付生活辅助社区费用的方式，而不是位置，故不正确。[B]和[C]文中未提及，故排除。
5. The author's attitude towards assisted living is ______. A. supportiveB. opposedC. objectiveD. subjective
Text 3 By any standard, money manager Malcolm Gissen has had a complicated relationship with risk over the past couple of years. After losing 62 percent in 2008, the Encompass Fund, which Gissen co-manages, gained a staggering 137 percent last year, cementing its reputation as one of the more volatile funds in the industry. "Most mutual fund managers tend to invest for mediocre results. Their goal is to perform in line with their benchmark," says Gissen, whose returns--for better or worsen-have been anything but mediocre. Encompass is one of a small group of funds that have a "go-anywhere" mandate (meaning they can invest in essentially any type of security), and Gissen wields that power freely. Late last year, for instance, his fund had about 20 percent of its assets in gold-related investments. Despite all that, Gissen's attitude toward risk is surprisingly straightforward: "We don't like risk," he volunteers. This, of course, begs the question: What exactly constitutes a risky portfolio? "When people think about risk.., they think, 'What's going to be the next AIG or the next Enron?'" says Chris Konstantinos, a portfolio risk manager at Riverfront Investment Group, a Virginia-based advisory firm. "That's a really important risk, but it's not the entire side of the risk equation. It's just one piece. " Lately, the market has shone a light on an entirely different type of risk, one that's far more paradoxical and difficult to grasp. "Sometimes the biggest risk you can have in your portfolio is not having enough risk," says Konstantinos. "And certainly since March of 2009, that's clearly been the case. " Advocates of this philosophy point to two main scenarios. In one, a traditionally safe asset class falls off, pulling the rug out from underneath investors who were overexposed to it. That's what many analysts expect will happen to bond investors once interest rates start creeping up. In the other, a risky type of investment takes off, leaving those who don't own it behind in a cloud of dust. That's what occurred when consumer discretionary stocks surged during last year's rebound. In both scenarios, the advantage goes to investors with portfolios that are traditionally seen as risky. The challenge, of course, is achieving the right balance. Many investors can't stomach the swings associated with funds like Gissen's, but there's middle ground to be found. "The right way to look at risk is to look at it from a portfolio construction perspective, which means that in a highly diversified portfolio, there's room for what's perceived as risky kinds of investments," says Konstantinos.
1. Most managers tend to invest portfolio that ______. A. has the highest valueB. doesn't contain too much risk C. is more risky than any othersD. can get more returns
3. According to Konstantinos, the biggest risk of portfolio is that ______. A. you invest in any type of securityB. the portfolio can not achieve the right balance C. you continue a risky portfolioD. your portfolio does not have enough risk
Text 4 It is easy to see why forgiveness is typically regarded as a virtue. Forgiveness is not always a virtue, however. Indeed, if I am correct in linking resentment to self-respect, a too ready tendency to forgive may properly be regarded as a vice because it may be a sign that one lacks respect for oneself. Forgiveness may indeed restore relationships, but to seek restoration at all cost--even at the cost of one's very human dignity--can hardly be a virtue. And, in intimate relationships, it can hardly be true love or friendship either the kind of love and friendship that Aristotle claimed is an essential art of the human life. If I count morality as much as anyone else (as surely I do), a failure to resent moral injuries done to me is a failure to care about the moral value in my own person (that I am, in Kantian language, an end in myself) and thus a failure to care about the very rules of morality. To put the point in yet another way: If it is proper to feel indignation when I see third parties morally wronged, must it not be equally proper to feel resentment when I experience the wrong done to myself? Morality is not simply something to be believed: it is something to be cared about. This caring includes concern about those persons (including oneself) who are the proper objects of moral attention. Interestingly enough, a readiness to forgive--or even a refusal to display resentment initially--may reveal a lack of respect not just for oneself by for others as well. The Nietzschean view, for example, is sometimes portrayed like this: There is no need for forgiveness because a strong person will never feel resentment in the first place. Why? Because he is not so weak as to think that other people--even those who harm him--matter enough to have any impact on his self-respect. We do not resent the insect that stings us (we simply deal with it), and neither should we resent the human who wrongs us. Although there is something attractive and worth discussing about this view, most of us would probably want to reject it as too demeaning of other human beings and our moral relations with them. I shall thus for the present assume the following: that forgiveness is acceptable only in cases where it is consistent with self-respect, respect for others as responsible moral agents, and allegiance to the rules of morality, that is, forgiveness must not involve complicity or acquiescence (默认) in wrongdoings.
1. Which of the following best states the main idea of the text?
A.Too ready to forgive is no more a real virtue than an evil.
B.The consistency between self-respect and forgiveness is important.
C.Rules of morality may guide the correct use of forgiveness.
D.Caring about others and oneself demands generous forgiveness.
2. Why does the author say "to seek restoration at all cost--even at the cost of one's very human dignity--can hardly be a virtue" in the first paragraph?
A.The love or friendship restored is usually not true love or friendship.
B.Interpersonal relationships can be restored with success.
C.The cost of the restoration is more than one's dignity.
5. The word "complicity" in the last paragraph most probably means "______ ". A. affairB. conspiracyC. complexityD. acceptance
A B C D
B
[解析] 根据原文最后一句…and allegiance to the rules of morality，that is，forgiveness must not involve complicity or acquiescence in wrongdoings可知，complicity…in wrongdoings表达的意思应该与allegiance to the rules of morality(遵守道德准则)相反，由此可以推断出，句中complicity的意思是“同谋，共犯”。
Part B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For questions 41--45, choose the most suitable one from the list A--G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. Clattering keyboards may seem the white noise of the modern age, but they betray more information than unwary typists realize. Simply by analyzing audio recordings of keyboard clatter, computer scientists can now reconstruct an accurate transcript of what was typed--including passwords. 1 . Such snooping is possible because each key produces a characteristic dick, shaped by its position on the keyboard, the vigor and hand position of the typist, and the type of keyboard used. But past attempts to decipher keyboard sounds were only modestly successful, requiring a training session in which the computer matched a known transcript to an audio recording of each key being struck. 2 . Furthermore, each new typist or keyboard required a fresh transcript and training session, limiting the method's appeal to would-be hackers. Now, in a blow to acoustic security, Doug Tygar and his colleagues at the University of California, Berkeley, have published details of an approach that reaches 96% accuracy, even without a labeled training transcript. 3 . The software tentatively assigns each click a letter based on its frequency, then tests the message created by this assignment using statistical models of the English language. For example, certain letters or words are more likely to occur together-if an unknown keystroke follows a "t", it is much more likely to be an "h" than an "x". Similarly, the words "for example" make likelier bedfellows than "fur example". In a final refinement, the researchers employed a method many students would do well to deploy on term papers., automated spellchecking. By repeatedly revising unlikely or incorrect letter assignments, Dr. Tygar's software extracts sense from sonic chaos. That said, the method does have one limitation: in order to apply the language model, at least five minutes of the recorded typing had to be in standard English (though in principle any systematic language or alphabet would work). But once those requirements are met, the program can decode anything from epic prose to randomized, ten-character passwords. 4 . He says it is quite simple to find the instructions needed to build a parabolic or laser microphone on the web. You could just point one from outside through an office window to make a recording. And as he points out, would-be eavesdroppers might not even need their own recording equipment, as laptop computers increasingly come equipped with built-in microphones that could be hijacked. 5 . His computers were less successful at parsing recordings made in noisy rooms. Ultimately, though, more sophisticated recording arrays could overcome even background noise, rendering any typed text vulnerable. Dr. Tygar therefore recommends that typed passwords be phased out, to be replaced with biometric checks or multiple types of authorization that combine a password with some form of silent verification (clicking on a pre-chosen picture in a selection of images, for example). Loose lips may still sink ships, but for the moment it seems that an indiscreet keystroke can do just as much damage. [A] This sort of acoustic analysis might sound like the exclusive province of spies and spooks, but according to Dr. Tygar, such attacks are not as esoteric as you might expect. [B] The sounds of typing can be decoded, which can be used to decode password, so if you are typing random, secure passwords. [C] The new approach employs methods developed for speech-recognition software to group together all the similar-sounding keystrokes in a recording, generating an alphabet of clicks. [D] To protect against these sonic incursions, Dr. Tygar suggests a simple remedy: turn up the radio. [E] The major advance here is that it no longer requires hours of training the model in order to create a usable mapping of key sounds to letters. [F] And in contrast to many types of computer espionage, the process is simple, requiring only a cheap microphone and a desktop computer. [G] Thus schooled, the software could still identify only 80% of the characters in a different transcript of the same typist on the same machine.
1.
F
[解析] 此类型的文章第一段通常是要引起读者的阅读兴趣，这里介绍了一种更加简单的通过分析敲击键盘的音频获得信息的方法。本题位于第一段末尾，通常具有总结整段和引出下文的作用，第二段开头Such snooping is possible(这样的探听之所以能够实现)，说明这种方法切实可行，因此空格处应该是介绍这种方法的优点，选项中[E]和[F]都是说明优点的．但是[E]在这里出现过早，它应该是对整个方法加以说明后才能得出的优点，否则读者会不知所云，所以此处应选[F]。
Part C Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. It doesn't take an Einstein to recognize that Albert Einstein's brain was very different from yours and mine. (46) The gray matter housed inside that shaggy head managed to revolutionize our concepts of time, space, motion--the very foundations of physical reality--not just once but several times during his astonishing career. Yet while there clearly had to be something remarkable about Einstein's brain, the pathologist who removed it from the great physicist's skull after his death reported that the organ was, to all appearances, well within the normal range-no bigger or heavier than anyone else's. But a new analysis of Einstein's brain by Canadian scientists, reported in the current Lancet, reveals that it has some distinctive physical characteristics after all. (47) A portion of the brain that governs mathematical ability and spatial reasoning--two key ingredients to the sort of thinking Einstein did best--was significantly larger than average and may also have had more interconnections among its cells, which could have allowed them to work together more effectively. In 1996, Harvey gave much of his data and a significant fraction of the tissue itself to Dr. Sandra Witelson, a neuroscientist who maintains a "brain bank" at McMaster for comparative studies of brain structure and function. (48) These normal, undiseased brains, willed to science by people whose intelligence had been carefully measured before death, gave Witelson a solid set of benchmarks against which to measure the seat of Einstein's brilliant thoughts. Not only was Einstein's inferior parietal region unusually bulky, the scientists found, but a feature called the Sylvian fissure was much smaller than average. (49) Without this groove that normally slices through the tissue, the brain cells were packed close together, permitting more interconnections--which in principle can permit more cross- referencing of information and ideas--leading to great leaps of insight. That's the idea, anyway. But while it's quite plausible according to current neurological theory, that doesn't necessarily make it true. We know Einstein was a genius, and we now know that his brain was physically different from the average. But none of this proves a cause-and-effect relationship. "What you really need," says McLean's Benes, "is to look at the brains of a number of mathematical geniuses to see if the same abnormalities are present. " (50) Even if they are, it's possible that the bulked-up brains are a result of strenuous mental exercise, not an inherent feature that makes genius possible. Bottom line: we still don't know whether Einstein was born with an extraordinary mind or whether he earned it, one brilliant idea at a time.
[解析] house在这里用作动词，表示“收藏，安置”，housed inside that shaggy head是过去分词作后置定语，修饰The gray matter；manage to do sth．是常用短语，意为“设法达成某事”；破折号内的the very foundations of physical reality是concepts of time，space，motion的同位语；破折号后的部分是时间状语。
[解析] 句子的主干是A portion of the brain was larger than average and may also have had more interconnections。破折号内的部分是mathematical ability and spatial reasoning的同位语；which引导非限制性定语从句修饰interconnections；allow sb.to do sth.是常用短语，意为“允许某人做某事”。
[解析] 该句的主干为These brains gave Witelson a set of benchmarks。will sth．to sb．意为“将某物遗赠给某人”，willed是过去分词作定语，修饰brains；whose引导的定语从句修饰people；benchmark意为“基准点，可依照做出衡量和判断的标准”；against是介词，意为“和……相比”；which指代前面的benchmark。
[解析] 该句的主干为the brain cells were packed。介词Without引导条件状语，that引导定语从句修饰groove；which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子，即permitting…；groove“沟，槽”，slice“切成薄片或分成薄片”。
5.
即使存在，增大的大脑组织也可能是大量脑力劳动的结果，而不是使天才成为可能的内在特征。
[解析] 该句的主干为it's possible that…。Even if引导让步状语从句；主句中it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，该从句的主干为the brains are a result，not an inherent feature，其中that引导的定语从句修饰feature。strenuous“艰巨的；需要巨大努力、能量或投入的”，在这里可译为“大量的”。
Section Ⅲ Writing
Part A
1. Directions:You are a graduate student majoring in Business English. You are interested in the position of a translator in a multinational corporation. Write a letter to the HR manager to 1) state the reason of writing this letter, 2) introduce yourself briefly, 3) express your gratitude. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.
[参考范文] Dear Sir， I am writing to apply for the position of the translator in your corporation．As a graduate student majoring in Business English。I hope to work for a multinational corporation after graduation． To briefly introduce myself．not only do I have excellent academic performance in all courses，I also master French，which will be helpful in your cooperation with the branches in all French-speaking countries．What's more，I possess interactive personal skills and high teamwork spirit，which will live up to your expectation． I would be very grateful if you could arrange an interview with me． Yours sincerely， Li Ming
[解析] 从本题所给信息中可以看出，这里要求考生写一封求职信。本文是一位商务英语专业的毕业生写给一家跨国公司的求职信，目的是想申请该公司的翻译职位。 通常这类信分为三部分：1．对自己作简单的介绍；2．要求面试；3．表示感谢。本文根据提纲的要求分成三段来写即可。 本题给出的信息是：写信的对象(the HR manager of the multinational corporation)、写信的原因(apply for the position of a translator)，信件内容要求(introduce yourself and ask for an interview)。 [范文点评] 此信为典型的求职信模式，即说明写信的缘由——申请工作职位，简单介绍自己及询问面试。由于此信是写给公司经理的，所以信件称呼明确写Dear Sir。 第一段开门见山说明写信的缘由，言简意赅。第二段进行自我介绍，阐明自己具备能够胜任这份工作的优点，思路清晰。第三段询问面试并表示感谢，语言简洁。信的结尾处使用了礼貌用语，格式规范。
Part B
1. Directions:Write an essay of 160--200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should 1) describe the drawing briefly, 2) explain its intended meaning, and then 3) give your comments. You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
[1] As vividly depicted in the picture，the little child has double loads on his shoulder．One burden is exerted by his teachers while the other is by his parents，which makes him out of breath Both the teachers and the parents consider entering college as the only goal． [2] This phenomenon should be condemned as it not only does harm to children's physical and mental health，but also results in a frustrating life．There is no need to force their children to study．[3] Firstly，interest is the best teacher．2．The student who doesn't do well in study may have other shining points．[4] Moreover，going to the university is not the only way to live a well-off life．[5] There are masters in all walks of life．[6] Last but not least，if we cannot take actions，some undesirable results may come out on the children． 3．[7] From what have been discussed above，we can see that it is necessary that some effective measures be taken to reduce the study burden on students．[8] On the one hand，we should find out what the strong points a child possesses．[9] On the other hand．a sound mind．a healthy body and an optimistic attitude towards lire are far more important than going to college．
[解析] 金榜题名需努力 此作文为图画式观点论证型作文，题材属于社会生活类。画面中，该学生被两座大山重重地压着，大汗淋漓，快要喘不过气来，一座是来自老师的压力，另一座是家长的期望。图画要传达的意思是当代学生的负担依然未减，考上大学依然是学生、家长和老师的最终期待目标，为达到这个目标，学生需要付出艰辛的努力。 就结构而言，文章可以采用三段式，第一段描述图画，点明文章主题：当今学生的负担依然未减轻：第二段阐明图画内涵；第三段发表自己的看法。 [框架构思] Paragraph One：Describe the picture and point out the theme． Paragraph Two：Interpret the implications of the picture and give specific and detailed explanations． Paragraph Three：Point out the viewpoint and give some suggestions． [范文点评] [1] 图画式作文常用的开篇语 [2] 引出主题和下文 [3] [4]和[6]衔接词的运用使得文章层次清晰明了 [5] 使用谚语，更加形象生动地揭示图画主题 [7] 阐明自己的观点，引出解决问题的措施，过渡自然，衔接合理 [8]和[9]分两点详述采取的措施
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