Section Ⅰ Use of English Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. American Museum of Natural History is one of the largest natural and historic museums in the world and one of the main natural history research and education centres in the United States, set up in 1869 and located in the west of the Central Park, Manhattan District, New York. It 1 7 hectares in its total area, 2 classical types of buildings. The 3 of ancient creatures and humanity is 4 the first place of all the museums in the world, 5 the representative samples from South America, Africa, Europe, Asia and Australia were collected, besides those from the 6 country, the United States. In the museum, there are five kinds of exhibits, including astronomy, mineralogy, human history, and animals in the 7 times and those in modern times. There are thirty-eight exhibition halls with different 8 from 500 to 1,500 square metres. Besides these, there is a Roosevelt Memorial Hall in 9 of President Roosevelt who supported the 10 of the museum, which is also used to have a special exhibition, showing the new important 11 on natural sciences and 12 affairs and social problems, and special topics connected closely with the life of the citizens. Besides this, it is also used for avocation 13 to have all kinds of scientific activities in the laboratories, centres of natural science and centres for citizens. There are more than 10 14 research departments mainly 15 for collection of samples, research and work of publication. In the museum, there are 16 and sub-libraries of Aulspond ancient amniote, with about 300 thousand books and magazines 17 natural history, many of 18 are very valuable monographs for the first edition. It has published many expert books and magazines, and a large number of propaganda materials, 19 which are the two magazines, Natural History and Membersof Museum that have the biggest 20 of their magazines.
1.
A.explores
B.demonstrates
C.expands
D.covers
A B C D
D
[解析] 本题考查是词语的固定使用、本题空白处前后的信息内容,尤其是空白处 后面的信息内容“7 hectares in its total area (总面积7公顷)”提示本题应该选用D(covers覆 盖,占),因为这样本句才能表达一个完整的“占地面积……”之含义。本句的测试重点是动词“cover”的常用含义之一“占(……面积)”。
[解析] 本题考查点是语境推断。本文首段第一句中的信息内容“the main natural research and education centres(主要自然研究和教育中心)”以及本题空白处前后的信息内容,尤其是空白处后“which”所引导的定语从句所表达的信息内容“have special exhibition(举办专门展览)”和“showing new important discoveries(展示新的重大发现)”均提示本题应该选用A(causet事业,奋斗目标),因为这样能够保持全文前后连贯,同时也保持了本句空白处前后信息内容的连贯和通顺。
[解析] 本题考查点是一词多义。本题的测试重点是介词“on”的重点释义之一——“关于”。本题空白处前面的信息内容“books and magazines(书籍和杂志)”以及空白处后面的信息内容“natural history(自然历史)”提示本题应该选用D(on关于),因为这样可以保持本题空白处前后信息内容的通顺合理。
18.
A.whom
B.what
C.which
D.that
A B C D
C
[解析] 本题考查点是定语从句。本题空白处前后是两个句子,这一点提示本题应该选用C(which)以便构成定语,因为这样才能保持本句在句子结构上的正确性。引导定语从句的“which”指代空白处前面的“books and magazines(书和杂志)”。由于本题空白处前面是介词(of),故不能选用D中的that引导定语从句,因为“介词+which”是定语从句的一种固定句式。
19.
A.in
B.by
C.for
D.among
A B C D
D
[解析] 本题考查点是语境推断。本题空白处前面的信息内容“。many expert books and magazines, and a large number of propaganda materials(许多专业书刊和大量的科普宣传资料)”以及本题空白处后面的信息内容“…are the two magazines(是两本杂志)”提示本题应该选用D(among在……之中),因为这样才能保持本题空白前后在语义上的正确性。
20. A. publicationB. symposium C. circulation D. tactic
A B C D
C
[解析] 本题考查点是语境推断。本题空白处前面的信息内容“the biggest(最大的)”和本题空白处后面的信息内容“of their magazines(在这些杂志中)”提示本题应该选用C (circulation发行量),因为这样可以保持本题空白处前后的语意准确连贯。本题空白处前面的信息词“the biggest(最大的)”对本题的提示作用是不可忽略的,因为英语中词语的搭配既灵活又严格。
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Text 1 If soldiering was for the money, the Special Air Service (SAS) and the Special Boat Service (SBS) would have disintegrated in recent years. Such has been the explosion in private military companies (PMCs) that they employ an estimated 30,000 in Iraq alone—and no government can match their fat salaries. A young SAS trooper earns about £ 2,000 ($3,500 ) a month; on the "circuit", as soldiers call the private world, he could get £ 15,000. Why would he not'? For reasons both warm-hearted and cool-headed. First, for love of regiment and comrades, bonds that tend to be tightest in the most select units. Second, for the operational support, notably field medicine, and the security, including life assurance and pension, that come with the queen's paltry shilling. Although there has been no haemorrhaging of special force (SF) fighters to the private sector, there has been enough of a trickle to cause official unease. A memo recently circulated in the Ministry of Defence detailed the loss of 24 SF senior non-commissioned officers to private companies in the past year. All had completed 22 years of service, and so were eligible for a full pension, and near the end of their careers. Yet there is now a shortage of hard-bitten veterans to fill training and other jobs earmarked for them, under a system for retaining them known as "continuance." America has responded to the problem by throwing cash at it, offering incentives of up to $150,000 to sign new contracts. The Ministry of Defence has found a cheaper ploy. It has spread the story of two British PMC employees, recently killed in Iraq, whose bodies were left rotting in the sun.
1. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that______.
A.the private world is called "circuit" by soldiers
B.PMCs employ an estimated 30,000 soldiers in Iraq alone
C.Britain's best soldiers stand resolute against mammon
D.A young SBS trooper earns about £ 15,000
A B C D
C
[解析] 本题是一道细节题,测试考生对于虚拟语气的识别和理解能力。本文首段第一句是一个包含虚拟语气的句子,根据此句的含义可反推出本题的正确选项是C“Britain's best soldiers stand resolute against Mammon”(英国的精锐军人面对金钱坚定不动摇)。首段第一句的含义是:“如果当兵的目的是为了金钱,那么特种空军和特种水上军队近年来就早已经瓦解了。”
2. The word "security" in the second paragraph most probably means______.
A.protection
B.document
C.certificate
D.safety
A B C D
A
[解析] 本题是一道词汇题,测试考生确定词语在原文中的准确含义的能力。本文第二段尾句中的“including life assurance and pension”(包括人寿保险和养老金)暗示“security”一词的含义应该是“保障”,故本题的答案是A“protection”(保护)。
3. Paragraph 2 is written to______.
A.advance both warm-hearted and cool-headed causes
B.reinterate the significance of queen's paltry shilling
C.shed light on the love of regiment and comrades
D.interpret why young SAS troopers would not get £ 15,000
A B C D
D
[解析] 本题是一道文章段落结构题。本文作者写第二段的目的是解释说明第一段尾句所提出的问题。故本题的正确答案是D“interpret why young SAS troopers would not get£15,000”(解释年轻的特种空军军人为什么不会挣到15000英镑)。
4. The conclusion can be made from the third paragraph that______.
A.the Ministry of Defence detailed 24 SBS troopers
B.the fat salaries by the private military companies have worked to some SF troopers
C.the present system for retaining hard-bitten veterans is impeccable
5. In the last paragraph of the text, the author has______.
A.comment on a tip
B.anticipate a result
C.made a contrast
D.depict a sample
A B C D
C
[解析] 本题是一道细节题,测试考生识别理解文中有关对比的信息和内容的能力。尾段首句讲:美国人用提供重金来解决相关问题(offering incentives of up to $150,000 to sign new contracts)。而尾段第二句则说:英国的国防部找到一条比美国人少花钱的办法(The Ministry of Defence has founded a cheaper ploy)。显而易见,本文作者在尾段针对相关问题拿美国和英国作了一个对比,比较它们在处理相关问题时方法上的不同。故本题的正确选项应该是C“made a contrast”(进行了一次对比)。
Text 2 As any diplomat from Britain, Austria or Turkey can tell you, handling the legacy of a vanished, far-flung empire is a tricky business. But for Georgia, the gap between old glory and present vulnerability is especially wide. Today's Georgia is diminished by war, buffeted by geopolitics and recovering from post-Soviet chaos. But 800 years ago the country was a mighty military, cultural and ecclesiastical force. Its greatest monarch, Queen Tamara, defeated many foes (including her first husband) and built fine monuments. In her time, Georgia also had a big stake in the Christian life of the Holy Land. From Jerusalem to the Balkans, Georgia's priests, artists and church-builders were active and respected. So too were its poets, like Shota Rustaveli, the national bard who dedicated an epic to his beloved queen. In between seeking western aid and coping with power cuts, modern Georgia has pledged to keep a wary eye on every place where churches, inscriptions and frescoes testify to its golden age. That includes Greece, Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania and above all, Israel. Last year, Georgians were enraged when a fresco of Rustaveli, in a Jerusalem church under the care of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate, was defaced, then badly restored. This year, a better restoration was done, but Georgians now want a promise that in all future restoration their own experts can take part. They also want to stop the seepage of Georgian frescoes and icons, supposedly under the Patriarchate's care, on to the art market. Several times, Georgia has had to use its meagre resources to buy back pieces of the national heritage. The hope is that things will improve with the recent election of a new Jerusalem Patriarch, after his predecessor was ousted under a cloud of scandal. Georgia's ties with Israel are good, thanks to a thriving Georgian-Jewish community with happy memories of its homeland. Georgia also gets along with Greece, amid a fug of sentimentality over legends about the Argonauts that link the two nations. But can these warm, fuzzy feelings translate into better protection for an ancient culture? That will be a challenge for Gela Bezhuashvili, who succeeds Salome Zourabichvili, the French-born diplomat who was sacked, after a power struggle, as Georgian foreign minister on October 19th.
1. The word "tricky" in the first paragraph of the text denotes______.
[解析] 本题是一道细节题,测试考生对原文第三段第二句主语“That”一词的理解。“that”一词指代的是第三段首句中的“…keep a wary eye on every place…”(小心留意每一个地方……),故本题的答案应该是D“specify the scope of Georgia's lookout”(具体说明格鲁吉亚留意的范围)。
4. It can be inferred from the text that the prospect of Georgia's heritage protection______.
A.is to be a power struggle
B.is liable to become better
C.is to be a cloud of scandal
D.is likely to become active and respected
A B C D
B
[解析] 本题是一道细节题,测试考生对第三段尾句中“will”一词的理解。“will”一词所表达的恰恰是“prospect”(前景)的内容。根据本句中的“will improve”(将会改进),本题的答案应该是B“is liable to become better”(有可能变好)。
5. The author's attitude toward the transformation mentioned in the last paragraph is______.
A.affirmative
B.critical
C.negative
D.cautious
A B C D
D
[解析] 本题是一道细节题,测试考生对本文尾段第三句中“translate into…”(转化)这一短语的理解。“translate into…”的含义相当于题干中的“transformation”(转化)。本题的正确答案是综合尾段第三、四句的含义得出来的。第三句提出了有关“转化”的问题,第四句做出了回答,第四句中的“‘That will be a challenge…”(那将是一个挑战)暗示本题的正确答案是D。“challenge”(挑战)一词表明本文作者对是否能够“转化”这个问题持“慎重”(cautious)的态度。
Text 3 Fear seems to be the dominant mood of the moment. Hurricanes, tidal waves, floods, earthquakes and terrorism this year have all brought with them not only appalling scenes of devastation, death and suffering, but also outrage at the lack of preparations to avoid or cope with these disasters. Now even the birds of the air are a threat, we are told. That migrating flock visible on the horizon at sunset, once a consoling reminder of the eternal rhythms of nature, could be carrying the virus which might soon kill tens of millions of people. Given the many fingers pointed at governments in the wake of other disasters this year, it is hardly surprising that they are scrambling to respond to the threat posed by avian influenza. After confirmation this week that the H5N1 strain of bird flu, which has been spreading quickly in Asia, had been discovered in Romania and perhaps Greece, European Union foreign ministers convened an emergency meeting. President George Bush, still smarting from a torrent of criticism of his government's clumsy response to Hurricane Katrina, has promised to rush out emergency plans for dealing with an outbreak of pandemic flu which have been stalled for years. Countries around the world are hurrying to stockpile the only current antiviral drug, Tamiflu, which might be effective in saving lives in any pandemic or curbing its spread. The World Health Organisation is calling for an internationally co-ordinated effort. Health ministers from around the globe are due to meet next week in Canada to discuss what steps to take. Is any of this effort justified? Or are politicians simply helping to feed public panic, and then covering themselves by promising to spend lavishly against a threat which may never materialize and to reduce a risk which they do not understand? To ask these questions is not to counsel complacency, but to apply the kind of test which is required in any kind of disaster planning, not least because the world is an inherently dangerous place and it is impossible to plan against every possible disaster. With the media full of warnings of impending mass death, an overreaction is all too possible.
1. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that______.
A.strong resentment resulted from the lack of preparations to cope with recent disasters
B.the dominant mood of the moment resulted in the appalling scenes of devastation
C.tens of millions of people could carry the virus on the horizon
D.reminder of the eternal rhythms of nature emerged at sunset to avoid these disasters
A B C D
A
[解析] 这是一道细节题,测试考生对原文中转折词“but”的识别和理解。本文首段第二句的含义是“飓风、海啸、洪水、地震以及恐怖主义不仅带来了令人惊恐的摧毁景象、死亡以及痛苦,而且同时导致了人们对于缺乏避免或应对这些灾难的准备工作的强烈义愤”。(…but also outrage at the lack of preparations to avoid or cope with these disasters.)可见,本题的正 确选项是A。
2. According to the text, American emergency plans for coping with an outbreak of pandemic flu______.
A.have been stipulated
B.have been enacted
C.have been abolished
D.have been delayed
A B C D
D
[解析] 这是一道细节题,测试考生识别细节以及理解定语从句修饰关系的能力。本文第二段的第三句是本题题干出现的位置,也是本题正确答案的信息来源。该句中的定语从句“which have been stalled for years”(被延迟了许多年)限定修饰“emergency plans for deahng with an outbreak of pandemic flu”(应对流感爆发的紧急计划)。显而易见,本题的正确选项应该是D“have been delayed”(一直被拖延)。
3. Which of the following remarks on our available antiviral medication would the author make?
A.Effective but poisonous.
B.Harmful but populous.
C.Meager and not reliable.
D.Affordable and palatable.
A B C D
C
[解析] 这是一道细节题,测试考生识别细节和准确理解情态动词的能力。本题的答案信息来源是第二段的倒数第三句。该句提到了“current antiviral drug”(=available antiviral medication)。第二段倒数第三句中的“only”(唯一的)表明药品“贫乏”(meager);定语从句中的情态动词“might”(也许)表明药品“并不是百分之百的有效”。可见本题的正确选项应该是C“meagre and not reliable”(贫乏并且不是完全可靠)。
4. The phrase "not least" in the last but one sentence of the text means______.
5. It can be inferred from the last paragraph of the text that______.
A.strong and intense response derive from the mass media
B.the attempts to be made can no longer be justified by their intention
C.public panic would be diluted by politicians' promise
D.the only remedy is to spend lavishly against a threat
A B C D
A
[解析] 这是一道细节推导题,测试考生识别细节以及根据原文信息进行推导的能力。本题的答案信息来源是尾段的尾句,因为该句提到了“overreaction”(=strong and intense response)。尾句的含义是:“由于媒体针对即将发生的大规模死亡的大量报道,所以过激反应是大有可能的”。由此可以反推并得出结论:过激反应的根源在于媒体的大肆渲染。故本题的正确选项是A。
Text 4 The idea is as audacious as it altruistic: provide a personal laptop computer to every schoolchild—particularly in the poorest parts of the world. The first step to making that happen is whittling the price down to $100. And that is the goal of a group of American techno-gurus led by Nicholas Negroponte, the founder of the fabled MIT Media Lab. When he unveiled the idea at the World Economic Forum in January it seemed wildly ambitious. But surprisingly, it is starting to become a reality. Mr. Negroponte plans to display the first prototype in November at a UN summit. Four countries—Brazil, Egypt, Thailand and South Africa—have said they will buy over 1 m units each. Production is due to start in late 2006. How is the group, called One Laptop Per Child (OLPC), able to create a laptop so inexpensively? It is mainly a matter of cleverly combining existing technologies in new ways. The laptop will have a basic processor made by AMD, flash memory instead of a hard disk, will be powered by batteries or a hand- crank, and will run open-source software. The $100 laptop also puts all the components behind the screen, not under the keyboard, so there is no need for an expensive hinge. So far, OLPC has got the price down to around $130. But good news for the world's poor, may not be such great news for the world's computer manufacturers. The new machine is not simply of interest in the developing world. On September 22nd, Mitt Romney, the governor of Massachusetts, said the state should purchase one for every secondary-school student, when they become available. Sales to schools are just one way in which the $100 laptop could change the computer industry more broadly. By depressing prices and fuelling the trend for "good-enough computing", where customers upgrade less often, it could eventually put pressure on the world's biggest PC-makers.
1. According to the text, which of the following is beyond the public's anticipation?
A.The idea of cheap trick is starting to come true.
B.OLPC is able to create so inexpensive laptops.
C.Every secondary-school student will purchase a $100 laptop.
D.Sales to schools are just one way to display the first prototype.
A B C D
A
[解析] 本题是一道细节题,测试考生识别理解转折词的能力。本文首段倒数第四句是本题的答案信息来源,其大意是:“令人惊讶的是这个想法开始成为现实”(But surprisingly, it is starting to become a reality)。由此可以推断本题的答案是A“The idea of cheap trick is starting to come true”(制造廉价电脑的想法开始变成现实)。
2. The creation of the cheap laptop mentioned in the text relies on______.
A.hi-tech innovation by experienced scientists
B.novel means of combination
C.basic processors manufactured by AMD
D.the state-of-art facilities and equipment
A B C D
B
[解析] 本题是一道细节题,测试考生识别理解问答句的能力。本题的答案信息在原文第二段的首句和第二句。第二段首句设问:“OLPC如何能生产出如此廉价的电脑?”第二段第二句回答:“主要是通过以新的方法把现存的技术巧妙地结合起来”(It is mainly a matter of cleverly combining existing technologies in new ways)。可见,本题的答案是B“novel means of combination”(新的组合方法)。
3. It can be inferred from the text that______.
A.South Africa has claimed that it will purchase over one million units
B.the idea is as audacious as it altruistic
C.the flash memory will be supplanted by a hard disk
D.the desired price of the laptop has not been reached yet
A B C D
D
[解析] 这是一道细节推导题,测试考生识别理解原文信息并且进行推导的能力。本题的答案信息来源在第二段尾句,该句大意是:“到目前为止,OLPC已经将电脑价格降低到130美元左右”。可见,本题的正确选项是D“The desired price of the laptop has not been reached yet”(还没有达到预期的电脑价格)。
4. Mitt Romney is mentioned in the text so as to______.
A.evidence the cause for the disappointment of the international computer makers in the goal of OLPC
B.illustrate good news for the world's poor
C.appeal the world's computer manufacturers
D.analyse the psychological reaction to the cheap trick advanced by OLPC
A B C D
A
[解析] 本题是一道细节题,测试考生识别理解上下文句子之间关系的能力。本题的答案信息来自第三段的第一句和第三句。第三段第一句的大意是:“对于世界贫困国家来讲的好消息也许对于世界电脑制造商而言就不是什么好消息”。第三段第三句举例说明:“美国马塞诸塞州的州长Mitt Romney说:当一百美元的电脑面市后,该州将会为每位中学生购买一台”。可见本题的正确选项是A“evidence the cause for the disappointment of the international computer makers in the goal of OLPC.”(证明世界电脑生产商对OLPC生产廉价电脑这一目标失望的原因)。
5. Based on the last paragraph, which of the following is true?
A.Every secondary-school student will be granted a $100 laptop in no time.
B.A $100 laptop for the poor could affect the computer industry.
C.The computer industry could be changed within a restricted range.
D.The world's biggest PC-makers could be exempted from pressur
A B C D
B
[解析] 本题是一道细节题,测试考生识别理解原文主要信息的能力。本题的答案信息来源在尾段,尤其是尾段的第一句和第二句的主句。尾段首句的大意是:“向学校销售电脑只是百元电脑更广泛地改变电脑行业的一种方式”。尾段第二句主句的大意是:“向学校销售百元电脑能够最终给世界最大的个人电脑生产商以压力”。可见,本题的正确选项是B“A $100laptop for the poor could affect the computer industry.”(为贫困地区的人们生产的百元电脑可能会影响电脑行业)。
Part B Directions: In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 1 ____________________ Through laziness and cowardice a large part of mankind, even after nature has freed them from alien guidance, gladly remain immature. It is because of laziness and cowardice that it is so easy for others to usurp the role of guardians. It is so comfortable to be a minor! If I have a book which provides meaning for me, a doctor who will judge my diet for me and so on, then I do not need to exert myself. I do not have any need to think; if I can pay, others will take over the tedious job for me. The guardians who have kindly undertaken the supervision will see to it that by far the largest part of mankind, including the entire "beautiful sex," should consider the step into maturity, not only as difficult but as very dangerous. 2 ________________________ It is difficult for the isolated individual to work himseff out of the immaturity which has become almost natural for him. He has even become fond of it and for the time being is incapable of employing his own intelligence, because he has never been allowed to make the attempt. Statues and formulas, these mechanical tools of a serviceable use, or rather misuse, of his natural faculties, are the ankle-chains of a continuous immaturity. Whoever threw it off would make an uncertain jump over the smallest trench because he is not accustomed to such free movement. Therefore there are only a few who have pursued a firm path and have succeeded in escaping from immaturity by their own cultivation of the mind. But it is more nearly possible for a public to enlighten itself: this is even inescapable if only the public is given its freedom. For there will always be some people who think for themselves, even among the self-appointed guardians of the great mass who, after having thrown off the yoke of immaturity themselves, will spread about them the spirit of a reasonable estimate of their own value and of the need for every man to think for himself. 3 ____________________ Through revolution, the abandonment of personal despotism may be engendered and the end of profit-seeking and domineering oppression may occur, but never a true reform of the state of mind. Instead, new prejudices, just like the old ones, will serve as the guiding reins of the great, unthinking mass. 4 ___________________ But I hear people clamor on all sides: Don't argue! The officer says: Don't argue, drill! The tax collector: Don't argue, pay! The pastor: Don't argue, believe!… Here we have restrictions on freedom everywhere. Which restriction is hampering enlightenment, and which does not, or even promotes it? I answer: The public use of a man's reason must be free at all times, and this alone can bring enlightenment among men. The question may now be put: Do we live at present in an enlightened age? 5 ____________________ [A] All that is required for this enlightenment is freedom; and particularly the least harmful of that may be called freedom, namely, the freedom for man to make public use of his reason in all matters. [B] Enlightenment is man's leaving his self-caused immaturity. Immaturity is the incapacity to use one's intelligence without the guidance of another. Such immaturity is self-caused if it is not caused by lack of intelligence, but by lack of determination and courage to use one's intelligence without being guided by another. Have the courage to use your own intelligence! It is therefore the motto of the Enlightenment. [C] The answer is: No, but in an age of enlightenment. Much still prevents men from being placed in a position to use their own minds securely and well in matters of religion. But we do have very definite indications that this field of endeavor is being opened up for men to work freely and reduce gradually the hindrances preventing a general enlightenment and an escape from self- caused immaturity. [D] I call this soaring wealth and shrinking spirit "the American paradox." More than ever, we have big houses and broken homes, high incomes and low morale, secured rights and diminished civility. We excel at making a living but often fail at making a life. We celebrate our prosperity but yearn for purpose. We cherish our freedoms but long for connection. In an age of plenty, we feel spiritual hunger. [E] A public can only arrive at enlightenment slowly. [F] After having made their domestic animals dumb and having carefully prevented these quiet creatures from daring to take any step beyond the lead-strings to which they have fastened them, these guardians then show them the danger which threatens them, should they attempt to walk alone. Now this danger is not really so very great; for they would presumably learn to walk after some stumbling. However, an example of this kind intimidates and frightens people out of all further attempts. [G] Attitudes about divorce have dramatically changed. In the past, it was seen as the last resort of a woman who had been beaten up or cheated on. Women were victims. Today many women choose to get divorced because they think they will have a better life as a SINDI than by staying in a stale marriage. In 74 percent of cases it is women who now instigate divorce proceedings.
[解析] 本题考查通过段落关键句子的含义反推段落主题句的能力。本题空白处后的话的关键句讲“通过革命(revolution,以一种急风暴雨般的形式)真正思想状态的改革(本文中指enlightenment)不会出现或到来”,根据本句所表达的含义反推可得知选项E是正确答案,因为该选项的含义是“启蒙只能慢慢来,不能操之过急”(A public can only arrive at enlightenment slowly)。
4.
A
[解析] 本题考查借助文中的起承转合词确定段落的主题句。本题空白处后的转折词“but”十分重要,其引导的后面句子的总体含义是“Don't argue”(不要争辩),“restrictions on freedom”(限制自由)。根据上述“but”一词后面句子含义进行反推,选项A应是正确答案,因为A选项主旨内容是赋予人们以“freedom”。
Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. The clue lies in the Japanese name that has been adopted for them around the world: tsunami. (46) Formed from the characters for harbour and wave, and commemorated in the 19th-century woodblock print by Hokusai that decorates so many books and articles about the subject, the word shows that these sudden, devastating waves have mainly in the past occurred in the Pacific Ocean, ringed as it is by volcanoes and earthquake zones. Thanks to one tsunami in 1946 that killed 165 people, mainly in Hawaii, the countries around the Pacific have shared a tsunami warning centre ever since. (47) Those around the Indian Ocean have no such centre, being lucky enough not to have suffered many big tsunamis before and unlucky enough not to count the world's two biggest and most technologically advanced economies, the United States and Japan, among their number. So when, on December 26th, the world's strongest earthquake in 40 years shook the region, with its epicenter under the sea near the northernmost tip of the Indonesian archipelago, there was no established mechanism to pass warnings to the countries around the ocean's shores. There would have been between 90 and 150 minutes in which to broadcast warnings by radio, television and loudspeaker in the areas most affected, the Indonesian province of Aceh, Sri Lanka and the Indian chain of the Andaman and Nicobar islands. (48) Had such warnings been broadcast then many of the tens of thousands of lives lost would have been saved. (49) How many, nobody can know, for the task of evacuation would have been far from easy in many of these crowded, poor and low-lying coastal communities. Equally, though, it will probably never be known exactly how many people have died. (50) Whereas in many disasters the initial estimates of fatalities prove too high, the opposite is occurring in this case.
[解析] 本题测试考生以下语言知识点:1.句中的“Initially seduced by the Impressionists and, in particular, by Cezanne”是过去分词短语在句中充当状语;2.句中的“Matisse brought together a circle of like—minded artists”是本句的主谓宾结构;3.句中的“who became known as the Fauves(the Beasts)after their sensational exhibition of 1905”是定语从句用来限定修饰前面的名词“artists”。
[解析] 本题测试考生以下语言知识点:1.句中的“Believing art to be something like a good armchair in which one rests from physical fatigue”是现在分词短语在句中充当状语;2.句中的“in which one rests from physical fatigue”是定语从句用来限定修饰前面的名词“armchair”;3.句中的“he was dedicated to producing work that expressed a harmony close to a musical composition”是本句的主谓宾结构;4.句中的“that expressed a harmony close to a musical composition”是定语从句用来限定修饰前面的名词“work”;5.句中的“close to a musical composition”是形容词短语作定语修饰前面的名词“harmony”。
3.
[译文]《舞蹈》有两个版本,起初是和另一幅题为《音乐》的巨大板面油画一起为一个俄罗斯收藏家创作的。
[解析] 本题测试考生以下语言知识点:1.句中的“There are two versions of La Danse”是本句的主谓结构;2.句中的“originally produced with another enormous panel entitled Musique for a Russian collector”是过去分词短语作定语限定修饰前面的“two versions of La Danse”;3.句中的“entitled Musique for a Russian collector”是过去分词短语作定语限定修饰前面的名词“panel”。
4.
[译文] 尽管色彩、形状和线条力求简单,或者恰恰是因为这个原因,人物显得充满了生命力。
[解析] 本题测试考生以下语言知识点:1.句中的“Despite, or because of, the simplification of colour, form, and line”是介词短语作状语;2.句中的“the figures appear to be full of life”是本句的主谓结构。 50.
5.
[译文] 马蒂斯还是重要的平面造型艺术家,在他卧床的最后几年,他发展出自己的一套剪纸造型的方法。
[解析] 本题测试考生以下语言知识点:1.句中的“He was also an important graphic artist”是本句的主系表结构;2.句中的“who, in his bed—ridden final years, evolved his own method of arranging cut—out paper shapes”是定语从句用来限定修饰前面的名词“artist”;3.句中的“in his bed—ridden final years”是介词短语在句中作定语从句中的状语成分。
Section Ⅲ Writing
Part A Directions: Read the following text carefully and then write a summary based on it. Your should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
1. Increasingly over the past ten years, people—especially young people—have become aware of the need to change their eating habits because much of the food they eat, particularly processed food, is not good for the health. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in natural foods: foods which do not contain chemical additives and which have not been affected by chemical fertilizers widely used in farming today. Natural foods, for example, are vegetables, fruit and grain which have been grown in soil that is rich in organic matter. In simple terms, this means that the soil has been nourished by unused vegetable matter, which provides it with essential vitamins and minerals. This in itself is a natural process compared with the use of chemicals and fertilizers, the main purpose of which is to increase the amount—but not the quality—of foods grown in commercial farming areas. Natural foods also include animals which have been allowed to feed and move freely in healthy pastures. Compare this with what happens in the mass production of poultry, there are battery farms, for example, where thousands of chickens live crowded together in one building and are fed on food which is little better than rubbish. Chickens kept in this way are not only tasteless as food, they also produce eggs which lack important vitamins. There are other aspects of healthy eating which are now receiving increasing attention from experts on diet. Take, for example, the question of sugar. This is actually a nonessential food! Although a natural alternative, such as honey, can be used to sweeten food if this is necessary, we can in fact do without it. It is true that sugar has grown steadily over the last two centuries and in Britain today each person consumes an average of 200 pounds (90kg) a year! Yet all it does is to provide us with energy, in the form of calories. There are no vitamins in it, no minerals and no fiber. It is significant that nowadays fiber is considered to be an important part of a healthy diet. In white bread, for example, the fiber has been removed. But it is present in unrefined flour and of course in vegetables. It is interesting to note that in countries where the national diet contains large quantities of unrefined flour and vegetables, certain diseases are comparatively rare. Hence the emphasis is placed on the eating of whole-meal bread and more vegetables by modern experts on "healthy eating".
Summary
Over the past ten years, people have increasing realized the urgent need to adapt to healthy eating habits. Thus more and more people have been more interested in natural food. Food which is grown in soil without chemical fertilizers is natural food and provides more nutrition. Animals which are raised in healthy pastures are natural food too. Besides, sugar is not essential food. It only provides energy but there exists no vitamin, mineral or fiber. Fiber is now considered an important part of a healthy diet. Unrefined flour and vegetables contain more fiber. Experts suggest whole-meal bread and more vegetables in daily diet.
Part B Directions: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following photo. In your essay, you should first describe the photo, then interpret the necessity of the Long March spirit, and give your comment on it. You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
1.
As is vividly revealed in the photo above, a woman is having a picture taken in front of a photo of an old Red Army soldier who is smiling to us. The photo,especially the smile of the old Red Army soldier, is most meaningful and thought-provoking on the occasion of social development. The necessity of the Long March spirit can be briefly analyzed in the following three aspects. To begin with, the Long March spirit is badly needed in the Opening-up and Reform. It is no doubt that we will encounter difficulties of various kinds in the Opening-up and Reform. Only the Long March spirit can make us sustain the pressure and face the hardships with courage. What's more, the Long March spirit is also a must in our daffy life. With the improvement of our living standard, waste in various forms is getting rampant. The waste of food, water and power is a common phenomenon on campus. Since China is still a developing country, we need to practice the Long March spirit of living a simple life. Last but not the least important, the long March spirit is needed to guide our attitude. Currently, some people are money-oriented and self-centered. We need to learn the Long March spirit to understand the idea of sacrifice for our nation. Otherwise, we will live in country of hopelessness. In short, the Long March Spirit should be honored and popularized especially among young people. In my view, some necessary measures should be taken to popularize the Long March spirit. On the one hand, a widespread education campaign should be launched to make people realize the importance of the Long March spirit. On the other hand, concrete plans should be made so as to combine the Long March spirit with every detail of our life, work and study. Only in these ways can we build up a harmonious society.