Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Directions: There are four passages in the part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Read the passages carefully and decide on the best choice.
Passage 1
Unless we spend money to spot and prevent asteroids (小行星)now, one might crash into Earth and destroy life as we know it, say some scientists. Asteroids are bigger versions of the meteoroids (流星)that race across the night sky. Most orbit the sun far from Earth and don't threaten us. But there are also thousands whose orbits put them on a collision course with Earth. Buy $ 40 million worth of new telescopes right now. Then spend $ 10 million a year for the next 25 years to locate most of the space rocks. By the time we spot a fatal one, the scientists say, we'll have a way to change its course. Some scientists favor pushing asteroids off course with nuclear weapons. But the cost wouldn't be cheap. Is it worth it? Two things experts consider when judging any risk are : 1) How likely the event is ; and 2) How bad the consequences if the event occurs. Experts think an asteroid big enough to destroy lots of life might strike Earth once every 400, 000 years. Sounds pretty rare-but if one did fall, it would be the end of the world. "If we don't take care of these big asteroids, they'll take care of us," says one scientist. "It's that simple. " The cure, though, might be worse than the disease. Do we really want fleets of nuclear weapons sitting around on Earth? "The world has less to fear from doomsday (毁灭性的) rocks than from a great nuclear fleet set against them," said a New York Times article.
1. What does the passage say about asteroids and meteoroids?
A.They are heavenly bodies different in composition.
Believe it or not, optical illusion (错觉) can cut highway crashes. Japan is a case in point. It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion. Bent stripes, called chevrons (人字形)painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down. Now the American Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington D. C. is planning to repeat Japan's success. Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes. Excessive speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents, according to the foundation. To help reduce those accidents, the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related hazards are the greatest-curves, exit slopes, traffic circles, and bridges. Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bar. Chevrons, scientists say, not only give drivers the impress ion that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear to be narrower. The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents.
6. The passage mainly discusses ______.
A.a new way of highway speed control
B.a new pattern for painting highways
C.a new approach to training drivers
D.a new type of optical illusion
A B C D
A
[解析] 分析文章的语篇,特别是文章的开头句以及文章最后两行,可以判断A项正是文章的主题。
7. On roads painted with chevrons drivers tend to feel that ______.
A.they should avoid speed-related hazards
B.they are driving in the wrong lane
C.they should slow down their speed
D.they are approaching the speed limit
A B C D
C
[解析] 参见文章第二段第2行。
8. The advantage of chevrons over straight, horizontal bars is that the former ______.
9. The American Association Foundation for Traffic Safety plans to ______.
A.try out the Japanese method in certain areas
B.change the road signs across the country
C.replace straight, horizontal bars with chevrons
D.repeat the Japanese road patterns
A B C D
A
[解析] 依据文章第三段第2行内容可知尝试日本方式是在某些公路上,而不是在全国。
10. What does the author say about straight, horizontal bars painted across roads?
A.They are falling out of use in the United States.
B.They tend to be ignored by drivers in a short period of time.
C.They are applicable only on broad roads.
D.They cannot be applied successfully to traffic circles.
A B C D
B
[解析] 该问题和48题极为相关。依据同样在第五段。
Passage 3
There are a number of formats for reporting research, such as articles to appear in journals, reports addressed to funding agencies, theses or dissertations as part of the requirements for university degrees, and papers to be presented at conferences. These formats differ from one another mostly in their purposes and the audiences whom they address. We will now briefly describe them. The journal article is a way of reporting research for professional journals or edited collections. The research is reporting in a brief, yet informative way, focusing mostly on the main features of the research such as the purpose, review of the literature ( often referred to as "background" ), procedures used for carrying out the research accompanied by tables, charts, and graphs, and interpretations of the results (often referred to as discussion). The content and emphasis of the journal article will vary according to the intended readers (research or practitioners) and it is important for the researcher to be aware of the background and interest of the readers of the journal. Articles intended to be read by practitioners will emphasize the practical implications and recommendations of the research, while articles intended to be read by researchers will describe in detail the method used to collect data, the construction of data collection procedures, and the techniques used for analyzing the data. It is important for the novice researcher to be aware of the fact that articles submitted to journals go through a process of evaluation by experts who make a judgment and recommend whether they should be published or not. The thesis or dissertation is a format for reporting research which graduate students write as part of fulfilling the requirements for an advanced academic degree. The student is expected to describe in great detail all the phases of the research so it can be examined and evaluated carefully by the reader. Thus the thesis or dissertation includes the purpose and significance of the study, the rationale, a thorough review of the literature, detailed information as to the research tools and the procedures involved in their development, a description of data analysis and the results, and an interpretation of the results in the form of conclusions, implications, and recommendation. This detailed description of the process of the research is needed to provide the professors with an indication of the student's ability to carry out research. The conference paper is a way of reporting research at conferences, seminars and colloquia. At such meetings research papers are usually presented orally. They are similar to the research article since research is reported in a concise, yet informative way, focusing on the most essential elements of the research. Handouts and transparencies can also accompany the presentations. As with the research article, here too, the content and emphasis of the oral report will depend to a large extent on the type of audience present at the meeting, and whether they are researchers or practitioners.
11. The best title for this passage could be ______.
12. The common aspect for the journal articles, theses and conference papers lies in that ______.
A.they are all for the practitioners
B.they are all to be read by researchers
C.they are all for being published
D.they are all forms of reporting research
A B C D
D
[解析] 本题可依据文章开头的“There are a number of formats for reporting research,such as…”,据此可知D项为正确答案。
13. We can distinguish those research reports from each other mainly through ______.
A.their writing style and length
B.their aims and possible audiences
C.their presented places and time
D.their content and purposes
A B C D
B
[解析] 本题可依据原文的“These formats differ from one another mostly in their purposes and the audiences which they address.”本题题干中换用了另一种表达方式。
14. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in this passage?
A.Both journal articles and conference papers are reported in a brief and informative way.
B.All the theses or dissertations and conference papers are reported in spoken languages.
C.Both the journal articles and conference papers are influenced greatly by the intended receivers.
D.The various formats of research reports may be presented in different ways.
A B C D
B
[解析] “The research is reporting in a brief,yet informative way,…”以及“They(the conference papers) are similar to the research article since research is reported in a concise,yet informative way”是A项在文中出现的依据;“Articles intended to…analyzing the data.以及As with the…or practitioners.”是涉及C项的依据;由“The thesis or dissertation is a format for reporting research which graduate students write.”可以看出thesis和dissertation是书面形式的,而根据“At such meetings research papers are usually presented orally.”可知research papers采取的是口头报告的形式,据此判断D项也是在短文中提到过的。
15. How can a professor evaluate a student's capability of implementing the research?
A.By concentrating on the main factors like the purpose, background, procedures and discussion.
B.By emphasizing the practical implications and recommendations of the research.
C.By focusing on the detailed description of the process of the research such as the tools, procedures, the process of data analysis, the results, conclusions, etc.
D.By noticing the detailed method used to collect the data, the construction of the data collection procedures, the techniques for analyzing the date and results, etc.
A B C D
C
[解析] 由第四段的“This detailed description of the process of the research is needed to provide the professors with an indication of the student's ability to carry out research.”可知,正确答案是C。
Passage 4
In recent years, many Americans of both sexes and various ages have become interested in improving their bodies. They have become devoted to physical fitness. The need to exercise has almost become compulsive with many persons who have a strong desire to be more physically fit. By nature, Americans are enthusiastic and energetic about their hobbies and pastimes. They apply this enthusiasm, and energy to jogging/running. As a result, there are running clubs to join and many books and magazines to read about running. The desire to be physically fit is explained by a "passion" for good health. The high rate of heart attacks in the 1960s caused an increase on the part of the public in improving the human body. Middle-aged men especially suffer from heart attacks. Thus, they are one group strongly interested in more physical exercise. In fact, many doctors encourage their patients to become more physically active, especially those who have sedentary jobs. It is interesting to note that the rate of heart attacks began to decrease in the 1970s and it is still decreasing. Physical fitness currently enjoys a favored role in the United States. It is a new "love" that many Americans have cherished. Will it last long? Only time will tell or until another "new passion" comes along.
16. In recent years, many Americans have become interested in improving their bodies because ______.
A.they are enthusiastic about their hobbies and pastimes
B.they have a strong desire to be more physically fit
C.there are many running clubs to join
D.there are many books and magazines to read about running
18. Middle-aged men suffering from heart attacks ______.
A.are compulsive joggers
B.are encouraged by their doctors to go in for jogging/running
C.are interested in taking more physical exercise
D.are enthusiastic and energetic about hobbies and pastimes
A B C D
C
[解析] 由第四段第一、二句可知正确答案为C项。
19. In the sentence "In fact, many doctors encourage their patients to become more physically active, especially those who have sedentary jobs", the word "sedentary" means ______.
A.involving physical work
B.needing much sitting
C.energy-consuming
D.sleep-producing
A B C D
B
[解析] 根据上下文理解词义。只有B项符合题意。
20. According to the passage, will the love for physical exercise last long for Americans?
A.Yes.
B.No.
C.Somebody can tell.
D.It is hard to tell.
A B C D
D
[解析] 从最后一段的“Only time can tell”可知D项为正确答案。
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary Directions: In this part, there are 20 sentences with four choices below each sentence. Choose the best one from the 4 choices.
1. Not until the game had begun ______ at the sports ground.
A.should he have arrived
B.had he arrived
C.did he arrive
D.would he had arrived
A B C D
C
[解析] not until…放在句首时,主句要用部分倒装。当某些具有否定意义的词或短语放在句首做状语时,句子要用部分倒装。常见的这部分词有:hardly,little,never,not until,rarely,seldom等;常见的短语有:in no way,at no time,in no case,by no means,under no circumstances等以及部分关联词:hardly(scarcely/barely)…when…,no sooner…than…等。当这些否定词不放在句首时,就不用倒装。
2. Neither at this meeting nor at the previous one ______ the proposal.
8. Was it ______ the professor regarded with such contempt?
A.them who
B.them whom
C.he who
D.those
A B C D
D
[解析] 这里强调宾语。当宾语是代词them,要改用those。
9. ______ the Europeans began to learn how to use the compass on their ships.
A.It was not until the 12th century when
B.Hardly it was the 12th century than
C.No sooner it was the 12th century when
D.It was not until the 12th century that
A B C D
D
[解析] 只有D项是强调结构形式,其他均不是。
10. When I try to understand ______ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes.
A.why it does
B.what it does
C.what it is
D.why it is
A B C D
C
[解析] 本题考查的是句式比较复杂的强调句。A、B两个选项不符合强调句的基本结构,可首先排除。题中understand的宾语是一个what从句,而从句本身又是一个强调句型,等于it is(what)that prevents so many Americans:from being as happy as one might expect。
11. More often it is the President, and not the members of his cabinet, ______ the populace.
A.who appeal to
B.to whom appeal to
C.whom appeals to
D.who appeals to
A B C D
D
[解析] 被强调的部分作主语,且句中谓语要与the President取得一致。
12. On the large board in the main hall of the airport, you can easily find the different Destinations ______ which airlines can take you.
13. Not until actually faced with water scarcity ______ appreciate the value of water to a region.
A.one can
B.one can not
C.can one
D.can not one
A B C D
C
[解析] not until开头的句子,后面应该使用倒装句,所以排除A和B。根据句意“只有真正遇到水资源缺乏,我们才会感激水对一个地区所起的重要作用”,C选项正确。
14. Most people don't think of a stamp as a receipt, but that is ______ it really is a proof of just how much money you have paid in advance for mail delivery.
A.what
B.why
C.how
D.who
A B C D
B
[解析] 此题的难度在对句意的理解。
15. Without water from the Nile River, Egypt ______ a fanning country and become a desert.
A.will cease to be
B.would cease to be
C.will cease being
D.would cease being
A B C D
B
[解析] 本句话意为“没有尼罗河,埃及就会由一个农业国变成一片沙漠。”此题是一个虚拟句型,所以排除A和C。cease doing表示临时停下来某件事,过一会还会继续,而cease to do表示永久停下来。
16. Although he refused to act on my suggestion, he had to admit that ______ what I said.
A.it was something in
B.there was something as
C.it was something as
D.there was something in
A B C D
D
[解析] there is something in:……有些道理。
17. There is little, ______ , farming in that area and all you can see is miles of wild countryside.
A.if so
B.if such
C.if not
D.if any
A B C D
D
[解析] if so意为“假如这样的话”;if not意为“不然的话,否则”;if any“如果有的话”。
18. In his lecture, the education expert emphasized the fact that nowadays children are exposed to many influences ______ that of their families.
A.rather than
B.other than
C.except for
D.but for
A B C D
A
[解析] rather than意为“而不是”,表示对后面成分的否定,符合题意。
19. The singer on the stage has a young ______ face and a voice of an ______.
A.boy…angel
B.boy's…angel
C.boy…angel's
D.boy's…angel's
A B C D
C
[解析] 第一个空考察名词用作形容词,修饰“脸”;第二个空考查的是英语中的双重所有格。
20. A new material ______ , we have good reason to be optimistic.
A.developed
B.being developed
C.was being developed
D.was developed
A B C D
B
[解析] 本句话考查的是独立主格的用法。
Part Ⅳ Cloze Directions: In this part, there are incomplete sentences in the following passage. For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. What attracts customers? Obviously the quality of a product does, but visual images 61 a great deal. It is not only the image provided by the packaging that 62 but the whole corporate 63 of the company. There are now many products and services on the market which are similar in content 64 produced by different companies. It is vital, therefore, for a company to 65 itself from its competitors by having a strong company image which is immediately 66 . Logos are part of this image. They are 67 which often include a name or initials to identify a company. The logo establishes a 68 identity for the company, just as different groups of young people express their identity through hairstyles and clothes. All groups from all cultures and 69 the ages have used colors and symbols to show their identity. In different cultures, different colors 70 different meanings. Some colors may be connected with coldness in one culture and with 71 in another: some colors represent 72 in one culture but death in another. International companies have, 73 , to make sure that their logos will not be misunderstood or misinterpreted in different countries. Many companies have, over the years, 74 their logos to fit in with contemporary design and to present more powerful images. Company logos can be emotive and can 75 loyalty by 76 the instinct. Some logos 77 an idea of the product, and a case in point is the steering wheel in the Mercedes logo. Logos are used on letterheads, packaging and 78 as well as on the product itself. They may also appear in newspapers or on television as part of an advertising 79 . Companies need to have a strong corporate identity. The logo helps to promote this image and to fix it in the minds of the 80 . Logos, therefore, need to be original and to have impact and style.
[解析] 本题考核的知识点是:动词辨析。exist意为“存在”;isolate意为“使隔离,使孤立”;hold意为“保持,维持”;distinguish与from连用时表示“识别,把……和……区别开”,如:Speeches distinguish man from the animals.语言使人区别于动物。根据文章,具有相同产品的公司要想脱颖而出,必须有很强的公司形象,D为最佳答案。
[解析] 本题考核的知识点是:动词辨析。promote意为“促进,发扬,提升,提拔”,如:Our teacher has been promoted to headmaster.我们的老师已被提升为校长了。inspire意为“鼓舞,感动,激发,启示”,如:I was inspired to work harder than ever before.我受到激励比以往任何时候都更加努力地工作。prompt意为“提示,鼓动,促使”,如:The man confessed that poverty prompted him to steal.这个男子承认是贫穷促使他偷窃的。stir意为“轰动,激起,惹起”,如:He was deeply stirred by the news.他深为这个消息所激动。此处指公司的标志可以激发员工对公司的忠诚,B符合题意。
[解析] 本题考核的知识点是:动词辨析。combine意为“(使)联合,(使)结合”,如:The two principal political parties have combined to form a government两个主要政党已经联合起来组成政府。collaborate意为“协作,合作,合著”,如:collaborate on a book with sb.与某人合著一本书。incorporate意为“合并,融入,具体体现”,如:We will incorporate your suggestion in the new plan. 我们将把你的建议融入到新计划中去。blend意为“混合,融合”,如:The countryside and the houses seem to blend(into each other).乡间景色和这些房子似乎融成一体了。
Part Ⅴ Translation Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate it into Chinese.
1. The fact known to us is that war, different from what many people believe it to be, is not completely an outcome of "humanity". Otherwise. war and violence among people would exist in all the human history or almost all societies. However, this is not the truth. Archaeologists'investigation results seem to suggest that men lived quite a peaceful life long ago. For example, among ancient French cave drawings which were earlier than 10, 000 B. C. , there were no pictures describing people fighting with each other. This indicates that, in that early period of mankind, fight among people was comparatively rare. In a certain way, this discovery is not surprising at all: in the world of animals, it's rare for one to prey on another of its own species. They do kill other kinds of animals, but not their own. Like most animals, the proportion of inner violence among early human beings was relatively small. Therefore, war is not the inherent outcome of humanity but that of certain social and cultural conditions.
Part Ⅵ Writing Directions: A. Study the following graph carefully and write an essay in 200 words. B. Your essay should meet the requirements below.
1. Outline: 1. Interpret the graph. 2. Suggest counter-measures. 3. Give advice for job seekers.
As is shown in the graph,the job future in City A is not looking so bright.City A Personnel and Talent Bureau reported that in 2001,there were only 50,000 positions available for the almost 60,000 graduates.While the number of the graduates increased by 67%in the following two years,that of the job opportunities remained the same.As far as I know.the situation is no better in other big cities of China.Job hunting has become one of the most serious problems today. In order to solve the problem, the government should adjust job market policies to take pressure off the new job-seekers. For one thing, they're supposed to provide the graduates with more job opportunities. For another, they should enlighten the graduating college students as to the fierce competition ahead. It is more important that the job hunters be fully aware of the difficult situation and get well prepared for the tough journey. Facing such a tight job market, they ought to adjust their attitude and set more realistic career goals. It's advisable to try their luck in smaller but also promising cities. If still they cannot find a suitable job, putting off employment and going abroad for further study may be other good choices.