Part Ⅰ Writing Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Digital Age. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.
1. 如今,数字化产品越来越多,如…… 2.使用数字化产品对于人们学习工作和生活的影响。
The Digital Age
Living in the digital age, we are unavoidably exposed to all kinds of digital products, such as digital camera, digital computer, digital television, and so on, and they grow in an increasing categories and quantities. Believe it or not, look around ourself and we can easily find one or two of these stuffs. Here is a question, what kind of influence do the digital products bring to people's life? Admittedly, these modern digital products offer us a more convenient life than before. For example, the digital camera makes it possible to delete or correct the "unsuccessful" photo of ours, which was impossible with the traditional camera. Nevertheless, these fashionable digital items have cultivated a generation more isolated from the real life. For example, if a man is accustomed to the digital on-line chatting, he is usually incapable of the practical communication with others. Furthermore, too dependent on the digital things, people seem to be more indifferent to the real world. Thus, as the generation assailed by all kinds of digital miracles, we might as well initiatively avoid some of them despite efficiency and comfort they can supply. Don't forget those old days when you were going to visit an old school friend though there would be a long train journey, which, in today's digital era, has been thoroughly replaced by the digital on-line chatting.
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on the Answer Sheet. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Seven Ways to Save the World
Forget the old idea that conserving energy is a form of self-denial--riding bicycles, dimming the lights, and taking fewer showers. These days conservation is all about efficiency: getting the same--or better--results from just a fraction of the energy. When a slump in business travel forced Ulrich Romer to cut costs at his family-owned hotel in Germany, he replaced hundreds of the hotel's wasteful light bulbs, getting the same light for 80 percent less power. He bought a new water boiler with a digitally controlled pump, and wrapped insulation around the pipes. Spending about 100,000 on these an3 other improvements, he slashed his 90,000 fuel and power bill by 60,000. As a bonus, the hotel's lower energy needs have reduced its annual carbon emissions by more than 200 metric tons. "For us, saving energy has been very, very profitable," he says. "And most importantly, we're not giving up a single comfort for our guests." Efficiency is, also a great way to lower carbon emissions and help slow global warming. But the best argument for efficiency is its cost--or, more precisely, its profitability. That's because quickly growing energy demand requires immense investment in new supply, not to mention the drain of rising energy prices. No wonder efficiency has moved to the top of the political agenda. On Jan. 10, the European Union unveiled a plan to cut energy use across the continent by 20 percent by 2020. Last March, China imposed a 20 percent increase in energy efficiency by 2020. Even George W. Bush, the Texas oilman, is expected to talk about energy conservation in his State of the Union speech this week. The good news is that the world is full of proven, cheap ways to save energy. Here are the seven that could have the biggest impact: Insulate Space heating and cooling eats up 36 percent of all the world's energy. There's virtually no limit to how much of that can be saved, as prototype "zero-energy homes" in Switzerland and Germany have shown. There's been a surge in new ways of keeping heat in and cold out (or vice versa). The most advanced insulation follows the law of increasing returns: if you add enough, you can scale down or even eliminate beating and air-conditioning equipment, lowering costs even before you start saving on utility bills. Studies have shown that green workplaces (ones that don't constantly need to have the heat or air-conditioner running) have higher worker productivity and lower sick rates. Change Bulbs Lighting eats up 20 percent of the world's electricity, or the equivalent of roughly 600,000 tons of coal a day. Forty percent of that powers old-fashioned incandescent light bulbs--a 10th- century technology that wastes most of the power it consumes on unwanted heat. Compact fluorescent lamps, or CFLs, not only use 75 to 80 percent less electricity than incandescent bulbs to generate the same amount of light, but they also last 10 times longer. Phasing old bulbs out by 2030 would save the output of 650 power plants and avoid the release of 700 million tons of carbon into the atmosphere each year. Comfort Zone Water boilers, space heaters and air conditioners have been notoriously inefficient. The heat pump has altered that equation. It removes heat from the air outside or the ground below and uses it to supply heat to a building or its water supply. In the summer, the system can be reversed to cool buildings as well. Most new residential buildings in Sweden are already heated with ground-source heat pumps. Such systems consume almost no conventional fuel at all. Several countries have used subsidies to jump-start the market, including Japan, where almost 1 million heat pumps have been installed in the past two years to heat water for showers and hot tubs. Remake Factories From steel mills to paper factories, industry eats up about a third of the world's energy. The opportunities to save are vast. In Ludwigshafen, German chemicals giant BASF runs an interconnected complex of more than 200 chemical factories, where heat produced by one chemical process is used to power the next. At the Ludwigshafen site alone, such recycling of heat and energy saves the company 200 million a year and almost halt its CO2 emissions. Now BASF is doing the same for new plants in China. "Optimizing (优化) energy efficiency is a decisive competitive advantage," says BASF CEO Jurgen Hambrecht. Green Driving A quarter of the world's energy--incluchng two thirds of the annual production of oil--is used for transportation. Some savings come free of charge: you can boost fuel efficiency by 6 percent simply by keeping' your car's tires properly inflated(充气). Gasoline electric hybrid(混合型的) models like the Toyota Prius improve mileage by a further 20 percent over conventional models. A Better Fridge More than half of all residential power goes into running household appliances, producing a fifth of the world's carbon emissions. And that's true even though manufacturers have already hiked the efficiency of refrigerators and other white goods by as much as 70 percent since the 1980s. According to an International Energy Agency study, if consumers chose those models that would save them the most money over the life of the appliance, they'd cut global residential power consumption (and their utility bills) by 43 percent. Flexible Payment Who says you have to pay for all your conservation investments? "Energy service contractors" will pay for retrofitting(翻新改造)in return for a share of the client's annual utility-hill savings. In Beijing, Shenwu Thermal Energy Technology Co. specializes in retrofitting China's steel furnaces. Shenwu puts up the initial investment to install a heat exchanger that preheats the air going rate the furnace, slashing the client's fuel costs. Shenwu pockets a cut of those savings, so both Shenwu and the client profit. If saving energy is so easy and profitable, why isn't everyone doing it? It has to do with psychology and a lack of information. Most of us tend to look at today's price tag more than tomorrow's potential savings. That holds double for the landlord or developer, who won't actually see a penny of the savings his investment in better insulation or a better heating system might generate. In many people's minds, conservation is still associated with self-denial. Many environmentalists still push that view. Smart governments can help push the market in the right direction. The EU's 1994 law on labeling was such a success that it extended the same idea to entire buildings last year. To boost the market value of efficiency, all new buildings are required to have art "energy pass" detailing power and heating consumption. Countries like Japan and Germany have successively tightened building codes, requiring an increase in insulation levels but leaving it up to builders to decide how to meet them. The most powerful incentives, of course, will come from the market itself. Over the past year, sky-high fuel prices have focused minds, on efficiency like never before. Ever-increasing pressure to cut costs has finally forced more companies to do some math on their energy use. Will it be enough? With global demand and emissions rising so fast, we may not have any choice but to try. Efficient technology is here now, proven and cheap. Compared with all other options, it's the biggest, easiest and most profitable bang for the buck.
1. What is said to be the best way to conserve energy nowadays?
A.Raising efficiency.
B.Cutting unnecessary costs.
C.Finding alternative resources.
D.Sacrificing some personal comforts.
A B C D
A
由文章开头的第一、二句“Forget the old idea that conserving energy is a form of self- denial--riding bicycles,dimming the lights,and taking fewer showers.These days conservation is all about efficiency:getting the same--or better--results from just a fraction of the energy.”可见今天节能和提高能源使用效率有关。使用少量能源,达到同样或者更好效果才是节能的方法。故本题正确答案为A项。
2. What does the European Union plan to do?
A.Diversify energy supply.
B.Cut energy consumption.
C.Reduce carbon emissions.
D.Raise production efficiency.
A B C D
B
由第三段第二句“On Jan,10,the European Union unveiled a plan to cut energy use across the continent by 20 percent by 2020.”可知欧盟计划到2020年时全欧洲能源消耗减少20%。故欧盟的计划是削减能源消耗。正确答案为B项。
3. If you add enough insulation to your house, you may be able to _______.
A.improve your work environment
B.cut your utility hills by half
C.get rid of air-conditioners
D.enjoy much better health
A B C D
C
由“Insulate”部分第四句“The most advanced insulation follows the law of increasing returns:if you add enough,you can scale down or even eliminate heating and air-conditioning equipment,lowering costs even before you start saying on utility bills.”可见如果房屋的绝缘性能达到一定的标准,可以减少使用或甚至不用供暖或者空调设施。故本题答案是C项。
4. How much of the power consumed by incandescent bulbs is converted into light?
A.A small portion.
B.Some 40 percent.
C.Almost half.
D.75 to 80 percent.
A B C D
A
由“Change Bulbs”部分第一段第二句“Forty percent of that powers old-fashioned incandescent light bulbs--a 19th-century technology that wastes most of the power it consumes on unwanted heat.”可知照明消耗了全世界电能总量的20%,而这些电能的40%又用在了老式的白炽灯照明上。这项19世纪的技术把其消耗的大部分电能用于产生没必要的热能。由此可见,白炽灯只把很少的一部分电能转化成光能,其余的大部分都转化成热能了。故本题答案为A项。
5. Some countries have tried to jump-start the market of heat pumps by _______.
A.upgrading the equipment
B.encouraging investments
C.implementing high-tech
D.providing subsidies
A B C D
D
由“Comfort Zone”部分第二段最后一句“Several countries have used subsidies to jump-start the market,including Japan,where almost 1 million heat pumps have been installed in the past two years to heat water for showers and hot tubs,”可知很多国家以提供资助的形式来推动热泵市场的发展。故本题答案为D项。
6. German chemicals giant BASF saves 200 million a year by _______.
A.recycling heat and energy
B.setting up factories in China
C.using the newest technology
D.reducing the CO2 emissions of its plants
A B C D
A
由“Remake Factories”部分第四句“At the Ludwigshafen site alone,such recycling of heat and energy saves the company 200 million a year and almost halt its CO2 emissions.”可知通过循环利用热能和能源,公司一年可以节省两亿欧元。故本题正确答案为A项。
7. Global residential power consumption can be cut by 43 percent if _______.
A.we increase the insulation of walls and water pipes
B.we choose simpler models of electrical appliances
C.we cut down on the use of refrigerators and other white goods
D.we choose the most efficient models of refrigerators and other white goods
A B C D
D
由“A Better Fridge”部分最后一句“According to an International Energy Agency study,if consumers chose those models that would save them the most money over the life of the appliance,they'd cut global residential power consumption (and their utility bills)by 43 percent.”可知其中“those models”指的是提高能耗效率的家用电器。故本题正确答案为D项。
8. Energy, service contractors profit by taking a part of clients' _______.
Energy service contractors profit by taking a part of clients' annual utility-bill savings.
由“Flexible Payment”部分第一段第二句“‘Energy service contractors’will pay for retrofitting in return for a share of the client's annual utility-bill savings.”可见能源服务承造者从客户每年节省的能源费用中分一部分作为自己的收益。故本题答案为“annual utility-bill savings”。
9. Many environmentalist maintain the view that conservation has much to do with _______.
Many environmentalist maintain the view that conservation has much to do with self-denial.
由“Flexible Payment”部分第二段最后两句“In many people's minds,conservation is still associated with self-denial.Many environmentalists still push that view。”可知很多环境保护主义者仍然认为保护能源和自我克制有关。题干中的“has much to do with”对应了原文中的“is still associated with”。故本题答案为“self-denial”。
10. The strongest incentives for energy conservation will derive from _______.
The strongest incentives for energy conservation will derive from the market itself.
由全文倒数第二段第一句“The most powerful incentives,of course,will come from the market itself.”可见最强烈的动机来自于市场本身。故本题答案为“the market itself”。
Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension
Section A Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
[解析] M: The biological project is now in trouble, you know, my colleague and I have completely different ideas about how to proceed. W: Why don't you compromise? Try to make it a win-win situation for you both. Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?
2.
A.Mary has a keen eye for style.
B.Nancy regrets buying the dress.
C.Nancy and Mary went shopping together in Rome.
D.Nancy and Mary like to follow the latest fashion.
A B C D
B
[解析] M: How does Nancy like the new dress she bought in Rome? W: She said she would never have bought an Italian style dress if she had known Mary had already got such a dress. Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
3.
A.Wash the dishes.
B.Go to the theatre.
C.Pick up George and Martha.
D.Take her daughter to hospital.
A B C D
A
[解析] M: You are not going to do all those dishes before we leave, are you? If we don't pick up George and Martha in 25 minutes we will never get to the theater on time. W: Oh, didn't I tell you, Martha called to say her daughter was ill and they could not go tonight. Q: What is the woman probably going to do first?
4.
A.She enjoys making up stories about other people.
B.She can never keep anything to herself for long.
C.She is eager to share news with the woman.
D.She is the best informed woman in town.
A B C D
C
[解析] M: You've been hanging on to the phone for quite a while, who were you talking with? W: Oh, it was Sally, you know, she always has the latest news in town and can't wait to talk it over with me. Q: What do we learn about Sally from the conversation?
5.
A.A car dealer.
B.A mechanic.
C.A driving examiner.
D.A technical consultant.
A B C D
B
[解析] W: It's always been hard to get this car into first gear, and now the clutch seems to be slipping. M: If you leave the car with me, I will fix it for you this afternoon. Q: Who is the woman probably speaking to?
6.
A.The shopping mall has been deserted recently.
B.Shoppers can only find good stores in the mall.
C.Lots of people moved out of the downtown area.
D.There isn't much business downtown nowadays.
A B C D
D
[解析] M: Kate, why does the downtown area look deserted now? W: Well, there used to be some really good stores, but lots of them moved out to the mall. Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
7.
A.He will help the woman with her reading.
B.The lounge is not a place for him to study in.
C.He feels sleepy whenever he tries to study.
D.A cozy place is rather hard to find on campus.
A B C D
B
[解析] W: I found the lounge such a cozy place to study in. I really like the feeling in sitting on the sofa and doing the reading. M: Well, for me the hardest part about studying here is staying awake. Q: What does the man mean?
8.
A.To protect her from getting scratches.
B.To help relieve her of the pain.
C.To prevent mosquito bites.
D.To avoid getting sunburnt.
A B C D
C
[解析] W: These mosquitoes bites are killing me. I can't help scratching. M: Next time you go camping, take some precaution, say wearing long sleeves. Q: Why does the man suggest the woman wear long sleeves?
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
[解析] 19-22 M: Hello, and welcome to our program, “Working Abroad”. Our guest this evening is a Londoner, who lives and works in Italy. Her name's Susan Hill. Susan, welcome to the program. You live in Florence, how long have you been living there? W: Since 1982. But when I went there in 1982, I planned to stay for only 6 months. M: Why did you change your mind? W: Well, I'm a designer. I design leather goods, mainly shoes, and handbags. Soon after I arrived in Florence, I got a job with one of Italy's top fashion houses, Ferregamo. So, I decided to stay. M: How lucky! Do you still work for Ferregamo? W: No, I've been a freelance designer for quite a long time now. Since 1988, in fact. M: So does that mean you design for several different companies now? W: Yes, that's right. I design many fashion items for a number of Italian companies, and during last four years, I've also been designing for the British company, Burberry's. M: What have you been designing for them? W: Mostly handbags, and small leather goods. M: How's the fashion industry in Italy change since 1982? W: Oh, yes. It's become a lot more competitive. Because of quality of products from other countries has improved a lot. But Italian quality and design is still world-famous. M: And do you ever think of returning to live in England? W: No, not really. Working in Italy is more interesting. I also love the Mediterranean sun and the Italian life style. M: Well, thank you for talking to us, Susan. W: It was a pleasure. 19. Where does this talk most probably take place?
10.
A.To live there permanently.
B.To stay there for half a year.
C.To find a better job to support herself.
D.To sell leather goods for a British company.
A B C D
B
[解析] What was the woman's original plan when she went to Florence?
11.
A.Designing fashion items for several companies.
B.Modeling for a world-famous Italian company.
C.Working as an employee for Ferragamo.
D.Serving as a sales agent for Burberrys.
A B C D
A
[解析] What has the woman been doing for a living since 1988?
12.
A.It has seen a steady decline in its profits.
B.It has become much more competitive.
C.It has lost many customers to foreign companies.
D.It has attracted a lot more designers from abroad.
A B C D
B
[解析] What do we learn about the change in Italy's fashion industry?
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
[解析] 23-25 M: So, Claire, you're into drama! W: Yes, I have a master's degree in drama and theatre. At the moment, I'm hoping to get onto a PhD program. M: What excite you about drama? W: Well, I find it's a communicative way to study people and you learn how to read people in drama. So usually I can understand what people are saying even though they might be lying. M: That would be useful. W: Yeah, it's very useful for me as well. I'm in English lecture, so use a lot of drama in my classes such as role plays. And I ask my students to create mini-dramas. They really respond well. At the moment, I'm hoping to get onto a PhD course. I'd like to concentrate on Asian drama and try to bring Asian theatre to the world's attention. I don't know how successful I would be, but, here's hoping. M: Oh, I'm sure you'll be successful. Now, Claire, what do you do for stage fright? W: Ah, stage fright! Well, many actors have that problem. I get stage fright every time I'm going to teach a new class. The night before, I usually can't sleep. M: What? For teaching? W: Yes. I get really bad stage fright. But the minute I step into the classroom or get onto the stage, it just all falls into place. Then I just feel like: Yeah, this is what I mean to do. And I'm fine. M: Wow, that's cool! 23. Why does the woman find study in drama and theatre useful?
14.
A.Passively.
B.Positively.
C.Skeptically.
D.Sensitively.
A B C D
B
[解析] How did the woman's students respond to her way of teaching English?
15.
A.It keeps haunting her day and night.
B.Her teaching was somewhat affected by it.
C.It vanishes the moment she steps into her role.
D.Her mind goes blank once she gets on the stage.
A B C D
C
[解析] What does the woman say about her stage fright?
Section B Passage One Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.
A.To win over the majority of passengers from airlines in twenty years.
B.To reform railroad management in western European countries.
C.To electrify the railway lines between major European cities.
D.To set up an express train network throughout Europe.
A B C D
D
[解析] 26-29 In January 1989, the Community of European Railways presented their proposal for a high speed pan-European train network extending from Sweden to Sicily, and from Portugal to Poland by the year 2020. If their proposal becomes a reality, it will revolutionize train travel in Europe. Journeys between major cities will take half the time they take today. Brussels will be only one and a half hours from Paris. The quickest way to get from Paris to Frankfurt, from Barcelona to Madrid will be by train, not plane. When the network is complete, it will integrate three types of railway line: totally new high speed lines with trains operating at speeds of 300 kilometers per hour, upgraded lines which allow for speeds up to 200 to 225 kilometers per hour, and existing lines for local connections and distribution of freight. If business people can choose between a three-hour train journey from city-center to city-center and one-hour flight, they'll choose the train, says an executive travel consultant. They won't go by plane any more. If you calculate flight time, check-in and travel to-and-from the airport, you'll find almost no difference. And if your plane arrives late due to bad weather or air traffic jams or strikes, then the train passengers will arrive at their destination first. Since France introduced the first 260 kilometer per hour high speed train service between Paris and Lyons in 1981, the trains have achieved higher and higher speeds. On many routes, airlines have lost up to 90% of their passengers to high speed trains. If people accept the Community of European Railways' plan, the 21 century will be the new age of the train. 26. What is the proposal presented by the Community of European Railways?
2.
A.Major European airlines will go bankrupt.
B.Europeans will pay much less for traveling.
C.Traveling time by train between major European cities will be cut by half.
D.Trains will become the safest and most efficient means of travel in Europe.
A B C D
C
[解析] What will happen when the proposal becomes a reality?
3.
A.Train travel will prove much more comfortable than air travel.
B.Passengers will feel much safer on board a train than on a plane.
C.Rail transport will be environmentally friendlier than air transport.
D.Traveling by train may be as quick as, or even quicker than, by air.
A B C D
D
[解析] Why will business people prefer a three-hour train journey to a one-hour flight?
4.
A.In 1981.
B.In 1989.
C.In 1990.
D.In 2000.
A B C D
A
[解析] When did France introduce the first high speed train service?
Passage Two Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
A.There can be no speedy recovery for mental patients.
B.Approaches to healing patients are essentially the same.
C.The mind and body should be taken as an integral whole.
D.There is no clear division of labor in the medical profession.
A B C D
C
[解析] 30-32 Western doctors are beginning to understand what traditional healers have always known that the body and the mind are inseparable. Until recently, modern urban physicians heal the body, psychiatrist the mind, and priests the soul. However, the medical world is now paying more attention to holistic medicine which is an approach based on the belief that people state of mind can make them sick or speed their recovery from sickness. Several study show that the effectiveness of a certain drug often depends on the patient's expectations of it. For example, in one recent study, psychiatrist and a major hospital tried to see how patients could be made calm. They divided them into two groups. One group was given a drug while the other group received a harmless substance instead of medicine without their knowledge. Surprisingly, more patients in the second group showed the desired effect than those in the first group. In study after study, there's a positive reaction in almost one-third of the patients taking harmless substances. How was this possible? How can such a substance have an effect on the body? Evidence from a 1997 study at the University of California shows that several patients who received such substances were able to produce their own natural drug, that is, as they took the substance their brains released natural chemicals that act like a drug. Scientists theorized that the amount of these chemicals released by a person's brain quite possibly indicates how much faith the person has in his or her doctor. 30. According to the speaker, what are western doctors beginning to understand?
6.
A.A doctor's fame strengthens the patients' faith in them.
B.Abuse of medicines is widespread in many urban hospitals.
C.One third of the patients depend on harmless substances for cure.
D.A patient's expectations of a drug have an effect on their recovery.
A B C D
D
[解析] What does the recent study at a major hospital seem to prove?
7.
A.Expensive drugs may not prove the most effective.
B.The workings of the mind may help patients recover.
C.Doctors often exaggerate the effect of their remedies.
D.Most illnesses can be cured without medication.
A B C D
B
[解析] What evidence does the 1997 study at the University of California produce?
Passage Three Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
[解析] 33-35 So we've already talked a bit about the growth of extreme sports like rock-climbing. As psychologists, we need to ask ourselves: Why is this person doing this? Why do people take these risks and put themselves in danger when they don't have to? One common trait among risk-takers is that they enjoy strong feelings or sensations. We call this trait sensation-seeking. A sensation-seeker is someone who's always looking for new sensations. What else do we know about sensation-seekers? Well, as I said, sensation-seekers like strong emotions. You can see this trait in many parts of a person's life, not just in extreme sports. For example, many sensation-seekers enjoy hard rock music. They like the loud sound and strong emotion of the songs. Similarly, sensation-seekers enjoy frightening horror movies. They like the feeling of being scared and horrified while watching the movie. This feeling is even stronger for extreme sports where the person faces real danger. Sensation-seekers feel the danger is very exciting. In addition, sensation-seekers like new experiences that force them to push their personal limits. For them, repeating the same things everyday is boring. Many sensation-seekers choose jobs that involve risk, such as starting a new business or being an emergency room doctor. These jobs are different everyday, so they never know what will happen. That's why many sensation-seekers also like extreme sports. When you do rock-climbing, you never know what will happen. The activity is always new and different. 33. According to the speaker, what is a common trait among risk-takers?
9.
A.Working in an emergency room.
B.Watching horror movies.
C.Listening to rock music.
D.Doing daily routines.
A B C D
D
[解析] What do sensation-seekers find boring?
10.
A.A rock climber.
B.A psychologist.
C.A resident doctor.
D.A career consultant.
A B C D
B
[解析] What is the speaker's profession?
Section C If you are like most people, you've indulged in fake listening many times. You go to history class, sit in the 3rd row, and look 1 at the instructor as she speaks. But your mind is far away, 2 in the clouds of pleasant daydreams. 3 you come back to earth. The instructor writes an important term on the chalkboard, and you 4 copy it in your notebook. Every once in a while the instructor makes a 5 remark, causing others in the class to laugh. You smile politely, pretending that you've heard the remark and found it mildly 6 . You have a vague sense of 7 that you aren't paying close attention. But you tell yourself that any 8 you miss can be picked up from a friend's notes. Besides, 9 . So back you go into your private little world, only later do you realize you've missed important information for a test. Fake listening may be easily exposed, since many speakers are sensitive to facial cues and can tell if you're merely pretending to listen. 10 . Even if you are not exposed there's another reason to avoid fakery. It's easy for this behavior to become a habit. For some people, the habit is so deeply rooted that 11 . As a result, they miss tots of valuable information.
[解析] 36-46 If you are like most people, you've indulged in fake listening many times. You go to history class, sit in the 3rd row, and look squarely at the instructor as she speaks. But your mind is far away, floating in the clouds of pleasant daydreams. Occasionally you come back to earth. The instructor writes an important term on the chalkboard, and you dutifully copy it in your notebook. Every once in a while the instructor makes a witty remark, causing others in the class to laugh. You smile politely, pretending that you've heard the remark and found it mildly humorous. You have a vague sense of guilt that you aren't paying close attention. But you tell yourself that any material you miss can be picked up from a friend's notes. Besides, the instructor's talking about road construction in ancient Rome, and nothing could be more boring. So back you go into your private little world, only later do you realize you've missed important information for a test. Fake listening may be easily exposed, since many speakers are sensitive to facial cues and can tell if you're merely pretending to listen. Your blank expression and the faraway look in your eyes are the cues that betray you inattentiveness. Even if you are not exposed there's another reason to avoid fakery. It's easy for this behavior to become a habit. For some people, the habit is so deeply rooted that they automatically start daydreaming when a speaker begins talking on something complex or uninteresting. As a result, they miss lots of valuable information.
2.
floating
3.
Occasionally
4.
dutifully
5.
witty
6.
humorous
7.
guilt
8.
material
9.
the instructor's talking about road construction in ancient Rome, and nothing could be more boring
10.
Your blank expression, and the faraway look in your eyes are the cues that betray you inattentiveness.
11.
they automatically start daydreaming when a speaker begins talking on something complex or uninteresting.
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Section A Men, these days, are embracing fatherhood with the round-the clock involvement their partners have always dreamed of--handling night feedings, packing lunches and bandaging knees. But unlike women, many find they're negotiating their new roles with little support or information. "Men in my generation (aged 25-40) have a fear of becoming dads because we have no role models," says Jan Smith, a writer. They often find themselves excluded from mothers' support networks, and are eyed warily (警觉地)on the playground. The challenge is particularly evident in the work-place. There, men are still expected to be breadwinners climbing the corporate ladder; traditionally-minded bosses are often unsympathetic to family needs. In Denmark most new fathers only take two weeks of paternity leave(父亲的陪产假) even though they are allowed 34 days. As much as if not more so than women, fathers struggle to be taken seriously when they request flexible arrangements. Though Wilfried-Fritz Maring, 54, a data-bank and Internet specialist with German firm FIZ Karlsruhe, feels that the time he spends with his daughter outweighs any disadvantages, he admits, "With my decision to work from home I dismissed any opportunity for promotion." Mind-sets(思维定式)are changing gradually. When Maring had a daughter, the company equipped him with a home office and allowed him to choose a job that could be performed from there. Danish telecom company TDC initiated an internal campaign last year to encourage dads to take paternity leave: 97 percent now do. "When an employee goes on paternity leave and is with his kids, he gets a new kind of training: in how to keep cool under stress," says spokesperson Christine Elberg Holm. For a new generation of dads, kids may come before the company--but it's a shift that benefits both.
1. Unlike women, men often get little support or information from ______.
mother's support network
由文章第一段第一、四句“But unlike women,many find they're negotiating their new roles with little support or information...They often find themselves excluded from mothers' support networks,and are eyed warily on the playground.”可见,和女性不同,男性在为人父时没有一个支持和协助的网络来向他们提供信息和帮助。他们没有角色模型可以效仿。故本题答案为“mother's support network”。
2. Besides supporting the family, men were also expected to ______.
climb the corporate ladder
由第二段第一、二句“The challenge is particularly evident in the work-place.There,men are still expected to be breadwinners climbing;the corporate ladder:traditionally-minded bosses are often unsympathetic to family needs.”可知在工作单位,人们不仅期待男性挣钱养家,还希望他们能不断晋升职位。原文中的“be breadwinners”就是题干中的“supporting the family”。故本题答案为:“climb the corporate ladder”。
3. Like women, men hope that their desire [or a flexible schedule will be ______.
taken seriously
由第二段最后一句“As much as if not more so than women,fathers struggle to be taken seriously when they request flexible arrangements.”可知当男性为了刚出生的孩子申请灵活的工作安排时,他们希望自己的要求能得到管理者的慎重考虑。故本题答案为“taken seriously”。
4. When Mating was on paternity leave, he was allowed by his company to work ______.
at home / in a home office
由第四段第二句“When Maring had a daughter,the company equipped him with a home office and allowed him to choose a job that could be performed from there.”可见公司为Maring配备了家庭办公室并允许他选择在家可以完成的工作。换言之,当Maring休陪产假的时候,公司允许他在家(在家庭办公室)工作。故本题正确答案为“at home/in a home office”。
5. Christine Holm believes paternity leave provides a new kind of training for men in that it can help them cope with ______.
stress
由第四段第四句“‘When an employee goes on paternity leave and is with his kids,he gets a new kind of training:in how to keep cool under stress,'says spokesperson Christine Elberg Holm.”可知Holm认为雇员休陪产假去照顾孩子的时候,他得到了一种新的培训,即如何面对压力保持冷静。换言之,休陪产假可以帮助男性学会应对压力。故本题正确答案为“stress”。
Section B
Passage One Like most people, I've long understood that I will be judged by my occupation, that my profession is a gauge people use to see how smart or talented I am. Recently, however, I was disappointed to see that it also decides how. I'm treated as a person. Last year I left a professional position as a small-town reporter and took a job waiting tables. As someone paid to serve food to people, I had customers say and do things, to me I suspect they'd never say or do to their most casual acquaintances. One night a man talking on his cell phone waved me away, then beckoned(示意)me back With his finger a minute later, complaining he was ready to order and asking where I'd been. I had waited tables during summers in college and was treated like a peon(勤杂工) by plenty of people. But at 19 years old, I believed I deserved inferior treatment from professional adults. Besides, people responded to ma differently after I told them I was in college, Customers would joke that one day I'd be sitting at their table, waiting to be served. Once I graduated I took a job at a community newspaper. From my first day, I heard a respectful tone from everyone who called me. I assumed this was the way the professional world worked--cordially. I soon found out differently. I sat several feet away from an advertising sales representative with a similar name. Our calls would often get mixed up and someone asking for Kristen would be transferred to Christie. The mistake was immediately evident. Perhaps it was because money was involved, but people used a tone with Kristen that they never used with me. My job title made people treat me with courtesy. So it was a shock to return to the restaurant industry. It's no secret that there's a lot to put up with when waiting tables, and fortunately, much of it can be easily forgotten when you pocket the tips. The service industry, by definition, exists to cater to other's needs. Still, it seemed that many of my customers didn't get the difference between server and servant. I'm now applying to graduate school, which means someday I'll return to a profession where people need to be nice to me in order to get what they want. I think I'll take them to dinner first, and see how they treat someone whose only job is to serve them.
1. The author was disappointed to find that ______.
A.one's position is used as a gauge to measure one's intelligence
B.talented people like her should fail to get a respectable job
C.one's occupation affects the way one is treated as a person
D.professionals tend to look down upon manual workers
A B C D
C
细节题。由第一段最后一句“Recently,however,I was disappointed to see that it also decides how I'm treated as a person.”可以看出对于职业决定一个人得到怎样的对待,作者感到失望。“it”指前一句所提到的“职业”。故本题答案为C项。
2. What does the author intend to say by the example in the second paragraph?
A.Some customers simply show no respect to those who serve them.
B.People absorbed in a phone conversation tend to be absent minded.
C.Waitresses are often treated by customers as casual acquaintances.
D.Some customers like to make loud complaints for no reason at all.
A B C D
A
细节推断题。本题考查作者举例的原因。通过找到上下文中的相关细节,对其进行推断,就可以找到答案。由第二段第二句“As someone paid to serve food to people,I had customers say and do things to me I suspect they'd never say or do to their most casual acquaintances.”可知作为向他人提供就餐服务而获得报酬的工作人员,作者遇到过一些言行粗鄙的顾客,并猜想哪怕对和他们关系最为疏远的熟人,他们也不会如此。紧接着作者就举了例子。结合例子,可以推断作者认为这些顾客对服务人员不够尊重。故本题正确答案为 A项。
3. How did the author feel when waiting tables at the age of 19?
A.She felt it unfair to be treated as a mere Servant by professionals.
B.She felt badly hurt when her customers regarded her as a peon.
C.She was embarrassed each time her customers joked with her.
D.She found it natural for professionals to treat her as inferior.
A B C D
D
细节题。由第三段第一、二句“I had waited tables during summers in college and was treated like a peon by plenty of people.But at 19 years old,I believed I deserved inferior treatment from professional adults.”可见,当时,她认为受到职业领域的成年人低人一等的对待是正常的。故本题答案为D项。
4. What does the author imply by saying "... many of my customers didn't get the difference between server and servant" (Lines 3-4, Para. 7)?
A.Those who Cater to others' needs are destined to be looked down upon.
B.Those working in the service industry shouldn't be treated as servants.
C.Those serving others have to put up with rough treatment to earn a living.
D.The majority of customers tend to look on a servant as a server nowadays.
A B C D
B
推断题。由第七段最后两句“The service industry,by definition,exists to cater to other's needs.Still,it seemed that many of my customers didn't get the difference between server and servant.”可知作者认为服务业是为满足他人的需求而存在的,但很多顾客仍然不明白“服务提供者”和“仆人”的差别。由此可以推断,作者认为从事服务业的人是“服务提供者”而非“仆人”。他们不应该受到低人一等的对待。服务业是应市场需求而产生的。故本题答案为B项。
5. The author says she'll one day take her clients to dinner in order to ______.
A.see what kind 'of person they are
B.experience the feeling of being served
C.show her generosity towards people inferior to her
D.arouse their sympathy for people living a humble life
A B C D
A
细节推断题。由全文最后一句“I think I'll take them to dinner first,and see how they treat someone whose only job is to serve them.”可知作者带客户去就餐的目的是想看看客户如何对待餐馆的服务人员。结合前文可以推断,作者认为餐馆的服务人员并非仆人,他们应该得到尊重,得到与其他职业的就业人员一样的平等对待。而就餐者对服务人员的态度恰恰可以反映他们对人的态度,反映出他们自己是哪一类型的人。故本题答案为A项。 57.细节题。由文章第一段“What's hot for 2007 among the very rich? A $7.3 million diamond ring.A trip to Tanzania to hunt wild animals.Oh,and income inequality.”可知作者是在提出全文的话题。借助设问,作者指出目前最最富有的人所关注的话题是收入的不平等,或者说是财富分配的不平等.故本题正确答案是C项。
Passage Two What's hot for 2007 among the very rich? A $7.3 million diamond ring. A trip to Tanzania to hunt wild animals. Oh, and income inequality. Sure, some leftish billionaires like George Soros have been railing against income inequality for years. But increasingly, centrist and right-wing billionaires are starting to worry about income inequality and the fate of the middle class. In December, Mortimer Zuekerman wrote a column in U. S. News & World Report, which he owns. "Our nation's core bargain with the middle class is disintegrating," lamented(哀叹)the ll7th-richest man in America. "Most of our economic gains have gone to people at the very top of the income ladder. Average income for a household of people of working age, by contrast, has fallen five years in a row." He noted that "tens of millions of Americans live in fear that a major health problem can reduce them to bankruptcy." Wilbur Ross Jr. has echoed Zuekerman's anger over the bitter struggles faced by middle-class Americans. "It's an outrage that any American's life expectancy should be shortened simply because the company they worked for went bankrupt and ended health-care coverage," said the former chairman of the International Steel Group. What's happening? The very rich are just as trendy as you and I, and can be so when it comes to politics and policy. Given the recent change of control in Congress, the popularity of measures like increasing the minimum wage, and efforts by California's governor to offer universal health care, these guys don't need their own personal weathermen to know which way the wind blows. It's possible that plutocrats(有钱有势的人)are expressing solidarity with the struggling middle class as part of an effort to insulate themselves from confiscatory(没收性的)tax policies. But the prospect that income inequality will lead to higher taxes on the wealthy doesn't keep plutocrats up at night. They can live with that. No, what they fear was that the political challenges of sustaining support for global economic integration will be more difficult in the United States because of what has happened to the distribution of income and economic insecurity. In other words, if middle-class Americans continue to struggle financially as the ultrawealthy grow ever wealthier, it will be increasingly difficult to maintain political support for the free flow of goods, services, and capital across borders. And when the United States places obstacles in the way of foreign investors and foreign goods, it's likely to encourage reciprocal action abroad. For people who buy and sell companies, or who allocate capital to markets all around the world, that's the real nightmare.
1. What is the current topic of common interest among the very rich in America?
A.The fate of the ultrawealthy people.
B.The disintegration of the middle class.
C.The inequality in the distribution of wealth.
D.The conflict between the left and the right wing.
A B C D
C
细节题。由文章第一段“What's hot for 2007 among the very rich? A $7.3 million diamond ring.A trip to Tanzania to hunt wild animals.Oh,and income inequality.”可知作者是在提出全文的话题。借助设问,作者指出目前最最富有的人所关注的话题是收入的不平等,或者说是财富分配的不平等.故本题正确答案是C项。
2. What do we learn from Mortimer Zuckerman's lamentation?
A.Many middle-income families have failed to make a bargain for better welfare.
B.The American economic system has caused many companies to go bankrupt.
C.The American nation is becoming more and more divided despite its wealth.
D.The majority of Americans benefit little from the nation's growing wealth.
A B C D
D
细节推断题。由第三段第一、二句“...‘Our nation's core bargain、with the middle class is disintegrating,’lamented the 117th-richest man in America.Most of our economic gains have gone to people,at the very top of the income ladder.Average income for a household of people of working age,by contrast,has fallen five years in a row.’”可知Mortimer Zuckerman哀叹之后解释说经济收入的大部分都到了少数最富有的人手中。而普通工作者的人均家庭收入则连续五年下滑。可见他所哀叹的是经济收入的不平等。也可以看出,尽管经济增长,普通工作者的收入反而下滑.他们从整个国家的经济增长中受益微小。故本题答案为D项。
3. From the fifth paragraph we can learn that ______.
A.the very rich are fashion-conscious
B.the very rich are politically sensitive
C.universal health care is to be implemented throughout America
D.Congress has gained popularity by increasing the minimum wage
A B C D
B
细节题。由第五段第一句“The very rich are just as trendy as you and I,and can be so when it comes to politics and policy.”可知作者认为那些非常富有的人是和普通人一样的时尚人士,尤其是在政治和政策方面。紧接着作者举例,指出通过观察国会最近的政策变化,如提高最低工资、提供普遍的健康保障,这些富人完全明白政策导向。可见富人们在政治方面是十分敏感的。故正确答案为B项。
4. What is the real reason for plutocrats to express solidarity with the middle class?
A.They want to protect themselves from confiscatory taxation.
B.They know that the middle class contributes most to society.
C.They want to gain support for global economic integration.
D.They feel increasingly threatened by economic insecurity.
A B C D
C
归纳推断题。从第六段起,作者开始探讨富豪们声援中产阶级的原因。他首先提出一种可能性:富豪们这样做是为了使自己免受没收性税收政策的影响。但他马上对此进行了否定。到第七段,作者提出了富豪们声援中产阶级的真正原因,即收入的不平等可能会导致政府难以持续支持全球性经济融合,即“No,what they fear was that the political challenges of sustaining support for global economic integration will be more difficult in the United States because of what has happened to the distribution of income and economic insecurity.”,到第八段,作者又对此做了详细解释。故本题正确答案为C项。
5. What may happen if the United States places obstacles in the way of foreign investors and foreign goods?
A.The prices of imported goods will inevitably soar beyond control.
B.The investors will have to make great efforts to re-allocate capital.
C.The wealthy will attempt to buy foreign companies across borders.
D.Foreign countries will place the same economic barriers in return.
A B C D
D
细节题。由最后一段第二句“And when the United States places obstacles in the way of foreign investors and foreign goods,it's likely to encourage reciprocal action abroad。”可知,一旦美国政府对外国投资者和商品设置障碍,很可能会引起国外相应的行为。也就是说,外国政府会同样对美国投资者和商品设置经济障碍。这是美国的富豪们最最害怕的.故本题答案为D项。
Part Ⅴ Cloze In 1915 Einstein made a trip to G6ttingen to give some lectures at the invitation of the mathematical physicist David Hilbert. He was particularly eager too eager, it would turn 1 to explain all the intricacies of relativity to him. The visit was a triumph, and he said to a friend excitedly," I was able to 2 Hilbert of the general theory of relativity." 3 all of Einstein's personal turmoil (焦躁) at that time, a new scientific anxiety was about to 4 . He was struggling to find the right equations that would 5 his new concept of gravity, 6 that would define how objects move 7 space and how space is curved by objects. By the end of the summer, he 8 the mathematical approach he had been 9 for almost three years was flawed. And now there was a 10 pressure. Einstein discovered to his 11 that Hilbert had taken what he had learned from Einstein's lectures and was racing to come up 12 the correct equations first. It was an enormously complex task. Although Einstein was the better physicist, Hilbert was the Better mathematician. So in October 1915 Einstein 13 himself into a month-long frantic endeavor in 14 he returned to an earlier mathematical strategy and wrestled with equations, proofs, corrections and updates that he 15 to give as lectures to Berlin's Prussian Academy of Sciences on four 16 Thursdays. His first lecture was delivered on Nov. 4, 1915, and it explained his new approach, 17 he admitted he did not ye have the precise mathematical formulation of it. Einstein also took time off from 18 revising his equations to engage in an awkward fandango (方丹戈双人舞) with his competitor Hilbert. Worried 19 being scooped, he sent Hilbert a copy of his Nov. 4 lecture. "I am 20 to know whether you will take kindly to this new solution." Einstein noted with a touch of defensiveness.
1.
A.up
B.over
C.out
D.off
A B C D
C
本题考查固定搭配。根据上下文,此处为句型it turns out that..,意为“结果,证明为”,所以 C项out为正确答案,表示“事实证明他过于渴望向他解释有关相对论的复杂内容”,后文中也提到Hilbert接受了这一理论,并成为Einstein的竞争者。