Part Ⅰ Writing Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Digital Age. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.
There is no doubt that this new century is becoming an age of digital products, the newly-invented facilities supported by digital technology. These products have found their way into people's life almost overnight. Yet they have produced such a tremendous impact on us. The positive effects of the digital products are obvious. For one thing, they have brought us great conveniences in our life. For example, We can download whatever we need into MP3 and take them wherever we go, which enables us to enjoy music or study foreign languages whenever and wherever we like. For another, they have made life more colorful. With digital video cameras at hand, everyone can become a director and records all the sweet moments in our life, such as the birthday party of his kids and parents, the wedding ceremony of his beloved, or even a spring picnic in the park. These digital products have thus greatly enriched our life. However, for all the benefits brought about by the digital products, their negative effects should not be overlooked. They have made it easier to violate people's privacy and may also lead to more breach of copy right. And what is worse is that the over-dependence on them for fun may result in less effective interpersonal communication. I think we should realize all their positive and negative effects and learn to live with the changes they have brought to our life.
[解析] 本次考试的写作题要求描述一个社会现象,并且分析这一现象对人们生活的各方面产生的影响,包括利和弊。 第一段写当前数字化产品越来越丰富,对人们的生活产生极大的影响。 第二段具体写数字化产品对人们生活有利的影响。比如,给人们的生活带来便捷和效率,使人们的生活丰富多彩。 第三段写数字化产品对人们生活会带来的负面影响。比如,更容易侵犯他人的隐私,导致更多侵权,特别是对数字化产品上瘾可能会引起有效人际交际的缺失。最后以概括结尾。 [提纲] 1. An age of digital products: tremendous impact on people's life. 2. Positive effects: Bring great conveniences: MP3 make life more colorful: digital video cameras. 3. Negative effects: Easier violation to privacy more breach of copy right less effective interpersonal communication.
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1 - 7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8 - 10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Seven Ways to Save the World
Forget the old idea that conserving energy is a form of self-denial -- riding bicycles, dimming the lights, and taking fewer showers. These days conservation is all about efficiency: getting the same -- or better -- results from just a fraction of the energy. When a slump in business travel forced Ulrich Romer to cut costs at his family-owned hotel in Germany, he replaced hundreds of the hotel's wasteful light bulbs, getting the same light for 80 percent less power. He bought a new water boiler with a digitally controlled pump, and wrapped insulation around the pipes. Spending about 100,000 on these and other improvements, he slashed his 90,000 fuel and power bill by 60,000 As a bonus, the hotel's lower energy needs have reduced its annual carbon emissions by more than 200 metric tons. "For us, saving energy has been very, very profitable," he says. "And most importantly, we're not giving up a single comfort for our guests." Efficiency is also a great way to lower carbon emissions and help slow global warming. But the best argument for efficiency is its cost -- or, more precisely, its profitability. That's because quickly growing energy demand requires immense investment in new supply, not to mention the drain of rising energy prices. No wonder efficiency has moved to the top of the political agenda. On Jan. 10, the European Union unveiled a plan to cut energy use across the continent by 20 percent by 2020. Last March, China imposed a 20 percent increase in energy efficiency by 2020. Even George W. Bush, the Texas oilman, is expected to talk about energy conservation in his State of the Union speech this week. The good news is that the world is full of proven, cheap ways to save energy. Here are the seven that could have the biggest impact: Insulate Space heating and cooling eats up 36 percent of all the world's energy. There's virtually no limit to how much of that can be saved, as prototype "zero-energy homes" in Switzerland and Germany have shown. There's been a surge in new ways of keeping heat in and cold out (or vice versa). The most advanced insulation follows the law of increasing returns: if you add enough, you can scale down or even eliminate heating and air-conditioning equipment, lowering costs even before you start saving on utility bills. Studies have shown that green workplaces (ones that don't constantly need to have the heat or air-conditioner running) have higher worker productivity and lower sick rates. Change Bulbs Lighting eats up 20 percent of the world's electricity, or the equivalent of roughly 600,000 tons of coal a day. Forty percent of that powers old-fashioned incandescent light bulbs -- a 19th-century technology that wastes most of the power it consumes on unwanted heat. Compact fluorescent lamps, or CFLs, not only use 75 to 80 percent leas electricity than incandescent bulbs to generate the same amount of light, but they also last 10 times longer, Phasing old bulbs out by 2030 would save the output of 650 power plants and avoid the release of 700 million tons of carbon into the atmosphere each year. Comfort Zone Water boilers, space heaters and air conditioners have been notoriously inefficient. The heat pump has altered that equation. It removes heat from the air outside or the ground below and uses it to supply heat to a building or its water supply. In the summer, the system can be reversed to cool buildings as well. Most new residential buildings in Sweden are already heated with ground-source heat pumps. Such systems consume almost no conventional fuel at all. Several countries have used subsidies to jumpstart the market, including Japan, where almost 1 million heat pumps have been installed in the past two years to heat water for showers and hot tubs. Remake Factories From steel mills to paper factories, industry eats up about a third of the world's energy. The opportunities to save are vast. In Ludwigshafen, German chemicals giant BASF runs an interconnected complex of more than 200 chemical factories, where heat produced by one chemical process is used to power the next. At the Ludwigshafen site alone, such recycling of heat and energy, saves the company 200 million a year and almost half its CO2 emissions. Now BASF is doing the same for new plants in China. "Optimizing (优化) energy efficiency is a decisive competitive advantage," says BASF CEO Jurgen Hambrecht. Green Driving A quarter of the world's energy -- including two thirds of the annual production of oil -- is used for transportation. Some savings come free of charge: you can boost fuel efficiency by 6 percent simply by keeping your car's tires properly inflated ( 充气). Gasoline-electric hybrid ( 混合型的) models like the Toyota Prius improve mileage by a further 20 percent over conventional models. A Better Fridge More than half of all residential power goes into running household appliances, producing a fifth of the world's carbon emissions. And that's true even though manufacturers have already hiked the efficiency of refrigerators and other white goods by as much as 70 percent since the 1980s. According to an International Energy Agency study, if consumers chose those models that would save them the most money over the life of the appliance, they'd cut global residential power consumption (and their utility bills) by 43 percent. Flexible Payment Who says you have to pay for all your conservation investments? "Energy service contractors" will pay for retrofitting (翻新改造) in return for a share of the client's annual utility-bill savings. In Beijing, Shenwu Thermal Energy Technology Co. specializes in retrofitting China's steel furnaces. Shenwu puts up the initial investment to install a heat exchanger that preheats the air going into the furnace, slashing the client's fuel costs. Shenwu pockets a cut of those savings, so both Shenwu and the client profit. If saving energy is so easy and profitable, why isn't everyone doing it? It has to do with psychology and a lack of information. Most of us tend to look at today's price tag more than tomorrow's potential savings. That holds double for the landlord or developer, who won't actually see a penny of the savings his investment in better insulation or a better heating system might generate. In many people's minds, conservation is still associated with self-denial. Many environmentalists still push that view. Smart governments can help push the market in the right direction. The EU's 1994 law on labeling was such a success that it extended the same idea to entire buildings last year. To boost the market value of efficiency, all new buildings are required to have an "energy pass" detailing power and heating consumption. Countries like Japan and Germany have successively tightened building codes, requiring an increase in insulation levels but leaving it up to builders to decide how to meet them. The most powerful incentives, of course, will come from the market itself. Over the past year, sky-high fuel prices have focused minds on efficiency like never before. Ever-increasing pressure to cut costs has finally forced more companies to do some math on their energy use. Will it be enough? With global demand and emissions rising so fast, we may not have any choice but to try. Efficient technology is here now, proven and cheap. Compared with all other options, it's the biggest, easiest and most profitable bang for the buck.
1. What is said to be the best way to conserve energy nowadays?
A.Raising efficiency.
C.Finding alternative resources.
B.Cutting unnecessary costs.
D.Sacrificing some personal comforts.
A B C D
A
本题问“据说当今节能最好的办法是什么?”根据题文中“the best way to conserve energy nowadays”可将相关部分定位于全文第一自然段,其中第一、二句话提到“Forget the old idea that conserving energy is a form of self-denial... These days conservation is all about efficiency:getting the same— or better— results from just a fraction of the energy.”,即“过去人们认为节能是一种自我节制的形式……而现在节能关注的是效率问题,就是从小部分能量中得到同样的甚至是更好的效果。”也就是说,节能在于提高效率。因此[A]“提高效率”正确。 [B]“削减不必要的耗费”、[C]“寻找替代能源”文中均未提到。 [D]“牺牲某些个人的舒适”,这是过去“self-denial(自我节制)”的看法。
2. What does the European Union plan to do?
A.Diversify energy supply.
C.Reduce carbon emissions.
B.Cut energy consumption.
D.Raise production efficiency.
A B C D
B
本题问“欧盟计划做什么?”根据题文中“European Union”可将相关部分定位于全文第三自然段,其中第二句话提到“On Jan. 10,the European Union unveiled a plan to cut energy across the continent by 20 percent by 2020.”,即“欧盟于1月10号提议截止2020年,欧洲能量消耗减少百分之二十。”因此[B]“减少能量消耗”正确。 [A]“使能源供应多样化”从全文第二自然段第三句话得知,能源需求的快速增长要求对新的能源供应进行投资,[C]“减少碳排放量”从全文第二自然段第一句话得知这是节能带来的好处。均与题干无关。 [D]“提高生产效率”文中未提到。
3. If you add enough insulation to your house, you may be able to ______.
A.improve your work environment
C.get rid of air-conditioners
B.cut your utility bills by half
D.enjoy much better health
A B C D
C
本题问“如果你在房屋里增加足够的隔热设施,你可能会怎么样?”根据题文中“enough insulation to your house”可将相关部分定位于小标题为“Insulate(隔热)”部分。全文第五自然段第四句话提到“... if you add enough, you can scale down or even eliminate heating and air-conditioning equipment...”,即“如果你的投入足够多,你可以减少甚至完全不用暖气和空调设备。”因此[C]“不用空调设备”正确。 [A]“改善工作环境”文中没有提及。 [B]“花销账单减率”文中提及节省了花销,但并没有说帐单减半。 [D]“身体更健康”文中提到减少发病率,不等于使身体更健康。
4. How much of the power consumed by incandescent bulbs is converted into light?
A.A small portion.
C.Almost half.
B.Some 40 percent.
D.75 to 80 percent.
A B C D
A
本题问“白炽灯泡所耗能量有多少转换为光?”根据题文中“incandescent bulbs”可将相关部分定位于小标题为“Change Bulbs(更换灯泡)”部分。全文第六自然段提到“Lighting eats up 20 percent of the world's electricity... Forty percent of that powers old-fashioned incandescent light bulbs-- a 19th-century technology that wastes most of the power it consumes on unwanted heat.”,即“照明消耗了世界电力的百分之二十。其中的百分之四十用于老式的白炽灯照明,这是一项十九世纪的技术,该技术将其消耗的大部分能量浪费在人们并不需要的热量上。”也就是说,这种灯泡所耗的能量大部分都浪费了,只有小部分转换为光。因此,[A]“小部分”正确。 [B] “大约百分之四十”指白炽灯泡耗电占照明耗电总量的比例。 [C]“几乎将近一半”文中未提到。 [D]“百分之七十五至八十”,指荧光灯比白炽灯泡少耗电的比例。
5. Some countries have tried to jump-start the market of heat pumps by ______.
A.upgrading the equipment
C.implementing high-tech
B.encouraging investments
D.providing subsidies
A B C D
D
本题问“一些国家已经通过什么方式开启加热管道的市场?”根据题文中“jump-start the market of heat pumps”可将相关部分定位于小标题为“Comfort Zone(舒适区)”部分。全文第九自然段最后一句话提到“Several countries have used subsidies to jump-start the market...”,即“数个国家已经投资开启这一市场。”也就是说,通过投资的方式开启加热管道市场。因此,[D]“提供投资”正确。 [A]“升级设备”、[B)“鼓励投资”、[C]“利用高科技”文中并未提及。
6. German chemicals giant BASF saves 200 million a year by ______.
A.recycling heat and energy
C.using the newest technology
B.setting up factories in China
D.reducing the CO2 emissions of its plants
A B C D
A
本题问“德国化学巨头 BASF 通过什么方式一年节省2000 万欧元?”根据题文中“BASF”可将相关部分定位于小标题为“Remake Factories (重造工厂)”部分。全文第十自然段第四句话提到“At the Ludwigshafen site alone, Such recycling of heat and energy saves the company 200 million a year and... ”,即“这样的热能量循环利用一年可为公司节省2000万欧元。”也就是说,通过“热能量的循环利用”的方式。因此,[A]“循环利用热能量”正确, [B]“在中国建立工厂”是事实陈述,与省钱无关。 [C]“使用最新的科技”文中并未提及。 [D]“减少工厂的二氧化碳的排放量”这只是热能量循环利用的好处之一。
7. Global residential power consumption can be cut by 43 percent if ______.
A.we increase the insulation of walls and water pipes
B.we choose simpler models of electrical appliances
C.we cut down on the use of refrigerators and other white goods
D.we choose the most efficient models of refrigerators and other white goods
A B C D
D
本题问“全球居民用电量可以通过什么方式减少百分之四十三?”根据题文中“43 percent”可将相关部分定位于小标题为“A Better Fridge(更好的冰箱)”部分。全文第十二自然段最后一句话提到“... if consumers choose those models that would save them the most money over the life of the appliance,they'd cut global residential power consumption by 43 percent.”,即“……如果消费者选用最节省能源的电器型号,则可以减少全球居民用电的百分之四十三。”因此,[D]“选择高效节能的冰箱和其他电器”正确。 [A]“增加墙壁和墙纸的隔热设施”、[B]“选择更简单的电器型号”、[C]“减少冰箱和其他电器的使用”文中均未提及。
8. Energy service contractors profit by taking a part of clients'______.
annual utility-bill savings
本题空白处问“能源服务通过吸收客户……的一部分未获得利润。”根据题文中“Energy service contractors”可将相关部分定位于小标题为“Flexible Payment (灵活的付款方式)”部分。全文第十三自然段第二句话提到“‘Energy service contractors' will pay for retrofitting in return for a share of the client's annual utility-bill savings.”,即“能源服务负责人会为旧设备的翻新改造付款,回报是客户每年费用存款的一部分。”这里 "in return of the share of”和题文中的“take a part of”意思相近。因此,答案为“annual utility-bill savings”。
9. Many environmentalists maintain the view that conservation has much to do with ______.
self-denial
本题空白处问“许多环境保护论者认为节能与……相关。”根据题文中“environmentalists maintain the view”可将相关部分定位于小标题为“Flexible Payment (灵活的付款方式)”部分。全文第十四自然段倒数第一、二句话提到“In many people's minds,conservation is still associated with self-denial.Many environmentalists still push that view.”,即“在许多人的心目中,节能依然和自我节制相关联。许多环境保护论者也依然持有这一观点。”这里“push that view”和题文中的“maintain the view”意思相近。因此,答案为“self-denial”。
10. The strongest incentives for energy conservation will derive from ______.
the market itself
本题空白处问“节能的最强烈的动机来自……。”根据题文中“the strongest incentives for energy conservation”可将相关部分定位于小标题为“Flexible Payment (灵活的付款方式)”部分。全文第十六自然段第一句话提到“The most powerful incentive will come from the market itself.”,即“最有力的激励当然来自市场本身。”这里“them most powerful”和题文中的“the strongest”意思相同。因此,答案为“the market itself”。
Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension
Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
[解析] M: The biological project is now in trouble. You know, my colleague and I have completely different ideas about how to proceed. W: Why don't you compromise? Try to make it a win-win situation for you both. Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?
D.Nancy and Mary like to follow the latest fashion.
A B C D
B
[解析] M: How does Nancy like the new dress she bought in Rome? W: She said she would never have bought an Italian style dress if she had known Mary had already got such a dress. Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
[解析] M: You are not going to do all those dishes before we leave, are you? If we don't pick up George and Martha in 25 minutes, we'll never get to the theater on time. W: Oh, didn't I tell you? Martha called to say her daughter was ill and they could not go tonight. Q: What is the woman probably going to do first?
A.She enjoys making up stories about other people.
B.She can never keep anything to herself for long.
C.She is eager to share news with the woman.
D.She is the best informed woman in town.
A B C D
C
[解析] M: You've been hanging onto the phone for quite a while. Who were you talking with? W: Oh, it was Sally. You know she always has the latest news in town and can't wait to talk it over with me. Q: What do we learn about Sally from the conversation?
[解析] W: It's always been hard to get this car into first gear, and now the clutch seems to be slipping. M: If you leave the car with me, I'll fix it for you this afternoon. Q: Who is the woman probably speaking to?
[解析] M: Kate, why does the downtown area look deserted now? W: Well, there used to be some really good stores, but lots of them moved out to the mall. Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
[解析] W: I find the lounge such a cozy place to study in. I really like the feeling of sitting on the sofa and doing the reading. M: Well, for me, the hardest part about studying here is staying awake. Q: What does the man mean?
[解析] W: These mosquito bites are killing me. I can't help scratching. M: Next time you go camping, take some precaution, say, wearing long sleeves. Q: Why does the man suggest the woman wear long sleeves?
[解析] 19-22 M: Hello and welcome to our program, "Working Abroad". Our guest this evening is a Londoner who lives and works in Italy. Her name is Susan Hill. Susan, welcome to the program. You live in Florence. How long have you been living there? W: Since 1982, but when I went there in 1982, I planned to stay for only 6 months. M: Why did you change your mind? W: Well, I'm a designer. I design leather gores, mainly shoes and handbags. Soon after I arrived in Florence, I got a job with one of Italy's top fashion houses, Ferragamo. So I decided to stay. M: How lucky! Do you still work for Ferragamo? W: No, I've been a freelance designer for quite a long time now. Since 1988, in fact. M: So, does that mean you design for several different companies now? W: Yes, that's right. I've designed many fashion items for a number of Italian companies. And in the last 4 years, I've also been designing for the British company, Burberrys. M: What have you been designing for them? W: Mostly handbags and small leather goods. M: Has the fashion industry in Italy changed since 1982? W: Oh, yes. It's become a lot more competitive, because the quality of products from other countries has improved a lot, but Italian quality and design is still world famous. M: And do you ever think of returning to live in England? W: No, not really. Working in Italy is more interesting. I also love the Mediterranean sun and the Italian life style. M: Well, thank you for talking to us, Susan. W: It was a pleasure. 19. Where does this talk most probably take place?
[解析] 23-25 M: So, Claire, you are into drama. W: Yes, I've a master's degree in Drama and Theater. At the moment, I am hoping to get onto a PHD program. M: What excites you about drama? W: Well, I find it's a communicative way to study people, and you learn how to read people in drama. So usually I can understand what people are saying, even though they might be lying. M: That would be useful. W: Yeah, it's very useful for me as well. I'm an English lecturer, so I use a lot of drama in my classes, such as role-plays. And I ask my students to create mini-dramas. They really respond well. At the moment, I am hoping to get onto a PHD course. I would like to concentrate on Asian drama and try to bring Asian theater to the world attention. I don't know how successful I will be, but here is hoping. M: Oh, I'm sure you will be successful. Now, Claire, what do you do for stage fright? W: Ah, stage fright. Well, many actors have that problem. I get stage fright every time I'm going to teach a new class. The night before, I usually can't sleep. M: What? For teaching? W: Yes! I get really had stage fright, but the minute I step into the classroom or get onto the stage, it just all falls into place. Then I just feel like "Yeah, this is what I'm made to do." and I am fine. M: Wow, that' cool. 23. Why does the woman find studying drama and theatre useful?
Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre Passage One Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.
A.To win over the majority of passengers from airlines in twenty years.
B.To reform railroad management in western European countries.
C.To electrify the railway lines between major European cities.
D.To set up an express train network throughout Europe.
A B C D
D
[解析] 26-29 In January 1989, the Community of European Railways presented their proposal for a high speed pan-European train network, extending from Sweden to Sicily, and from Portugal to Poland by the year 2020. If their proposal becomes a reality, it will revolutionize train travel in Europe. Journeys between major cities will take half the time they take today. Brussels will be only one and half hours from Paris. The quickest way to get from Paris to Frankfurt, from Barcelona to Madrid, will be by train, not plane. When the network is complete, it will integrate three types of railway line: totally new high-speed lines, with trains operating at speeds of 300kms per hour; upgraded lines, which allow for speeds up to 200 to 225kms per hour; and existing tines, for local connections and distribution of freight. If business people can choose between a 3-hour train journey from city center to city center and a 1-hour flight, they'll choose the train, says an executive travel consultant. They won't go by plane anymore. If you calculate flight time, cheek in and travel to and from the airport, you'll find almost no difference, and if your plane arrives late due to bad weather or air traffic jams or strikes, then the train passengers will arrive at their destination first. Since France introduced the first 260-km per hour high speed train service between Paris and Lyons in 1981, the trains have achieved higher and higher speeds. On many routes, airlines have lost up to 90 percent of their passengers to high speed trains. If people accept the community of European Railways' plan, the 21st century will be the new age of the train. 26. What is the proposal presented by the Community of the European Railways?
A.There can be no speedy recovery for mental patients.
B.Approaches to healing patients are essentially the same.
C.The mind and body should be taken as an integral whole.
D.There is no clear division of labor in the medical profession.
A B C D
C
[解析] 30-32 Western doctors are beginning to understand what traditional healers have always known, that the body and the mind are inseparable. Until recently, modern urban physicians healed the body, psychiatrists the mind, and priests the soul. However, the medical world is now paying more attention to holistic medicine, which is an approach based on a belief that people's state of mind can make them sick or speed the recovery from sickness. Several studies show that the effectiveness of a certain drug often depends on the patients expectations of it. For example, in one recent study, psychiatrists at a major hospital tried to see how patients could be made calm. They divided them into two groups: one group was given a drug while the other group received a harmless substance instead of medicine without their knowledge. Surprisingly, more patients in the second group showed the desired effect than those in the first group. In study after study, there is a positive reaction in almost one third of the patients taking harmless substances. How is this possible? How can such a substance have an effect on the body? Evidence from a 1997 study at the University of California shows that several patients who receive such substances were able to produce their own natural drug, that is, as they took the substance, their brains released natural chemicals that act like a drug. Scientists theorize that the amount of these chemicals released by a person's brain quite possibly indicates how much faith the person has in his or her doctor. 30. According to the speaker, what are western doctors beginning to understand?
[解析] 33-35 So we've already talked a bit about the growth of extreme sports, like rock-climbing. As psychologists, we need to ask ourselves, "Why is this person doing this?", "Why do people take these risks and put themselves in danger when they don't have to?" One common trait among risk-takers is that they enjoy strong feelings or sensations. We call this trait "sensation seeking". A sensation-seeker is someone who is always looking for new sensations. What else do we know about sensation seekers? Well, as I said, sensation-seekers like strong emotions. You can see this trait in many parts of a parson's life not just in extreme sports. For example, many sensation seekers enjoy hard rock music. They like the loud sound and strong emotion of the songs. Similarly, sensation-seekers enjoy frightening horror movies. They like the feeling of being scared and horrified while watching the movie. This feeling is even stronger for extreme sports where the person faces real danger. Sensation-seekers feel that danger is very exciting. In addition, sensation-seekers like new experiences that force them to push their personal limits. For them, repeating the same things everyday is boring. Many sensation-seekers choose jobs that involve risk, such as starting a new business or being an Emergency Rotan doctor. These jobs are different everyday, so they never know what will happen. That's why many sensation-seekers also like extreme sports. When you do rock-climbing, you never know what will happen. The activity is always new and different. 33. According to the speak{x, what is a common trait among risk-takers?
Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. If you're like most people, you've indulged in fake listening many times. You go to history class, sit in the third row, and look 1 at the instructor as she speaks. But your mind is far away, 2 in the clouds of pleasant daydreams. 3 you come back to earth, the instructor writes an important term on the chalkboard, and you 4 copy it in your notebook. Every once in a while the instructor makes a 5 remark, causing others in the class to laugh. You smile politely, pretending that you've heard the remark and found it mildly 6 You have a vague sense of 7 that you aren't paying close attention, but you tell yourself that any 8 you miss can be picked up from a friend's notes. Besides, 9 .So back you go into your private little world. Only later do you realize you've missed important information for a test. Fake listening may be easily exposed, since many speakers are sensitive to facial cues and can tell if you're merely pretending to listen. 10 . Even if you're not exposed, there's another reason to avoid fakery: it's easy for this behavior to become a habit. For some people, the habit is so deeply rooted that 11 . As a result, they miss lots of valuable information.
[解析] 36-46 If you are like most people, you've indulged in fake listening many times. You go to history class, sit in the third mw, and look squarely at the instructor as she speaks. But your mind is far away, floating in the clouds of pleasant daydreams. Occasionally, you come back to earth: the instructor writes an important term on the chalkboard, and you dutifully copy it in your notebook. Every once in a while the instructor makes a witty remark, causing others in the class to laugh. You smile politely, pretending that you've heard the remark and found it mildly humorous. You have a vague sense of guilt that you aren't paying close attention, but you tell yourself that any material you miss can be picked up from a friend's notes. Besides, the instructor is talking about road construction in ancient Rome, and nothing could be more boring. So back you go into your private little world. Only later do you realize you've missed important information for a test. Fake listening may be easily exposed, since many speakers are sensitive to facial cues and can tell if you are merely pretending to listen. Your blank expression and the far-away look in your eyes are the cues that betray your inattentiveness. Even if you're not exposed, there's another reason to avoid fakery: it's easy for this behavior to become a habit. For some people, the habit is so deeply rooted that they automatically start daydreaming when a speaker begins talking on something complex or uninteresting. As a result, they miss lots of valuable information.
2.
floating
3.
Occasionally
4.
dutifully
5.
witty
6.
humorous
7.
guilt
8.
material
9.
the instructor is talking about road construction in ancient Rome, and nothing could be more looting.
10.
Your blank expression, and the far-away look in your eyes are the cues that betray you inattentiveness.
11.
they automatically start daydreaming when a speaker begins talking on something complex or uninteresting.
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Section A Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2 Men, these days, are embracing fatherhood with the round-the-clock involvement their partners have always dreamed of -- handing night feedings, packing lunches and bandaging knees. But unlike women, many find they're negotiating their new roles with little support or information. "Men in my generation (aged 25 - 40) have a fear of becoming dads because we have no role models," says Jon Smith, a writer. They often find themselves excluded from mothers' support networks, and are eyed warily (警觉地) on the playground. The challenge is particularly evident in the work-place. There, men are still expected to be breadwinners climbing the corporate ladder; traditionally-minded bosses are often unsympathetic to family needs. In Denmark most new fathers only take two weeks of paternity leave ( 父亲的陪产假) -- even though they are allowed 34 days. As much as if not more so than women, fathers struggle to be taken seriously when they request flexible arrangements. Though Wilfried-Fritz Maring, 54, a data-bank and Internet specialist with German firm FIZ Karlsruhe, feels that the time he spends with his daughter outweighs any disadvantages, he admits, "With my decision to work from home I dismissed any opportunity for promotion." Mind-sets (思维定势) are changing gradually. When Mating had a daughter, the company equipped him with a home office and allowed him to choose a job that could be performed from there. Danish telecom company TDC initiated an internal campaign last year to encourage dads to take paternity leave: 97 percent now do. "When an employee goes on paternity leave and is with his kids, he gets a new kind of training: in how to keep cool under stress," says spokesperson Christine Elberg Holm. For a new generation of dads, kids may come before the company -- but it's a shift that benefits both.
1. Unlike women, men often get little support or information from ______.
mothers' support networks
本题问“与女性不同,男性从哪方面获得的支持成信息较少。”本题相关部分在第一段后半部分,提到“But un- like women,many find they're negotiating their new roles with little support or information... They often find them- selves excluded from mothers' support networks,and are eyed warily (警觉地)on the playground.”(然而与女性不同的是,很多男性发现自己在适应新角色的过程中,得到的支持和信息较少,显得孤立无援。…他们经常被排斥在母亲支持者之外,在运动场上招来警觉的目光。)因此,答案为mothers' support networks。
2. Besides supporting the family, men were also expected to ______.
climb the corporate ladder
本题问“除了养家糊口外,男性还被寄予什么期望”。本题相关部分在第二段第二句话“There,men are still expected to be breadwinners climbing the corporate ladder;“(男性仍被看作是要步步高升的养家糊口之人)。因此,答案为climb the corporate ladder。
3. Like women, men hope that their desire for a flexible schedule will be ______.
taken seriously
本题问“向女性一样,男性希望他们对灵活安排日程的愿望能够被怎样。”文中提到“As much as if not if not more so than women,fathers struggle to be taken seriously when they request flexible arrangements.”(在要求灵活安排时,如果不能多于女性,父亲们力争得到与女性相同的严肃对待。)。因此,答案为taken seriously。
4. When Maring was on paternity leave, he was allowed by his company to work ______.
from a home office
本题问“当Maring 陪产假的时候,公司允许他怎样工作。”本题相关部分在第四段第二句话,提到“When Maring had a daughter,the company equipped him with a home office and allowed him to choose a job that could be performed from there.”(Maring 有了女儿时,公司为他提供了在家办公的条件,并允许他选择一份能够在家处理的工作)。因此,答案为from a home office。
5. Christine Holm believes paternity leave provides a new kind of training for men in that it can help them cope with ______.
stress
本题问“Christine Holm 认为,陪产假为男性提供了一项全新的训练机会,因为它可以帮助他们处理什么。”根据关键词“Christine Holm”,可知相关部分在短文末尾处,提到“When an employee goes on paternity leave and is with his kids,he gets a new kind of training:in how to keep cool under stress,”says spokesperson Christine Elberg Holm.For a new generation of dads,kids may come before the company- but it's a shift that benefits both.(发言人Christine Elberg Holm 说:“当员工和孩子呆在一起度假时,他得到了某种新的锻炼:在压力下怎样保持冷静”。对于新时代的父亲来说,孩子可能比公司更重要——但这是一个双赢的转变)。因此,答案为stress。
Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre
Passage One Like most people, I've long understood that I will be judged by my occupation, that my profession is a gauge people use to see how smart or talented I am. Recently, however, I was disappointed to see that it also decides how I'm treated as a person. Last year I left a professional position as a small-town reporter and took a job waiting tables. As someone paid to serve food to people, I had customers say and do things to me I suspect they'd never say or do to their most casual acquaintances. One night a man talking on his cell phone waved me away, then beckoned (示意) me back with his finger a minute later, complaining he was ready to order and asking where I'd been. I had waited tables during summers in college and was treated like a peon (勤杂工) by plenty of people. But at 19 years old, I believed I deserved inferior treatment from professional adults. Besides, people responded to me differently after I told them I was in college. Customers would joke that one day I'd be sitting at their table, waiting to be served. Once I graduated I took a job at a community newspaper. From my first day, I heard a respectful tone from everyone who called me. I assumed this was the way the professional world worked -- cordially. I soon found out differently. I sat several feet away from an advertising sales representative with a similar name. Our calls would often get mixed up and someone asking for Kristen would be transferred to Christie. The mistake was immediately evident. Perhaps it was because money was involved, but people used a tone with Kristen that they never used with me. My job title made people treat me with courtesy. So it was a shock to return to the restaurant industry. It's no secret that there's a lot to put up with when waiting tables, and fortunately, much of it can be easily forgotten when you pocket the tips. The service industry, by definition, exists to cater to others' needs. Still, it seemed that many of my customers didn't get the difference between server and servant. I'm now applying to graduate school, which means someday I'll return to a profession where people need to be nice to me in order to get what they want. I think I'll take them to dinner first, and see how they treat someone whose only job is to serve them.
1. The author was disappointed to find that ______.
A.one's position is used as a gauge to measure one's intelligence
B.talented people like her should fail to get a respectable job
C.one's occupation affects the way one is treated as a person
D.professionals tend to look down upon manual workers
A B C D
C
本题问“什么使得作者感到失望”。短文首段的第二句为“Recently,however,I was disappointed to see that it also decides how I'm treated as a person.”,即令作者失望的是,职业决定了人们看待其的方式,故[C]“某人的职业影响着人们对待他的方式”正确。 [A]“地位是评价一个人聪明才智的标尺”。短文第一段提到“... profession is a gauge people use to see how smart or talented I am.”,意思为职业是人们用来鉴定一个人智商和才能的标尺,这一点作者早已明白,并不是作者感到失望的原因。 [B]“像作者这样有才华的人找不到受人尊敬的工作”、[D]“职业人士通常看不起体力善动者”文中均未提及。
2. What does the author intend to say by the example in the second paragraph?
A.Some customers simply show no respect to those who serve them.
B.People absorbed in a phone conversation tend to be absent-minded.
C.Waitresses are often treated by customers as casual acquaintances.
D.Some customers like to make loud complaints for no reason at all.
A B C D
A
本题问“作者在第二段中所举的例子说明了什么”。第二段中提到“One night a man talking on his cell phone waved me away,then beckoned (示意)me back with his finger a minute later,complaining he was ready to order and asking where I'd been.”,也就是说,顾客对作者招之即来呼之即去,对作者熟视无睹还抱怨找不着她,这充分说明了顾客对她的不尊重。故[A]“有些顾客不尊重服务员”为正确选项。 [B]“人们在打电话时往往心不在焉”。是事实,但不是此处要说明的问题。 [C)“顾客常把服务员当熟人对待”、[D]“有些顾客喜欢无缘无故高声抱怨”。文没有涉及此意。
3. How did the author feel when waiting tables at the age of 19?
A.She felt it unfair to be treated as a mere servant by professionals.
B.She felt badly hurt when her customers regarded her as a peon.
C.She was embarrassed each time her customers joked with her.
D.She found it natural for professionals to treat her as inferior.
A B C D
D
本题问“作者在19岁当服务员时是怎么想的”。短文第三段第二句说到“But at 19 years old,I believed I deserved inferior treatment from professional adults.”,也就是说那些职业人瞧不起服务员的工作,19岁的作者认为他们的想法无可厚非,即“她认为职业人士看不起她是很自然的”,故选[D]。 [A]“她觉得职业人士仅将其视为服务人员是不公平的”。与文义相反。 [B]“当顾客把她视为勤杂人员时,她的自尊心受到了严重的伤害”、[C]“每当顾客和她开玩笑时,都会令她很尴尬”。文中没有提及。
4. What does the author imply by saying "... many of my customers didn't get the difference between server and servant"(Lines 3-4, Para. 7)?
A.Those who cater to others' needs are destined to be looked down upon.
B.Those working in the service industry shouldn't be treated as servants.
C.Those serving others have to put up with rough treatment to earn a living.
D.The majority of customers tend to look on a servant as a server nowadays.
A B C D
B
本题问“第七段三至四行提到‘……有不少顾客并不知道服务员与仆人的区别’,这句话喑含的意思是什么”。短文第七段提到“The service industry,by definition,exists to cater to others' needs.Still,it seemed that many of my customers didn't get the difference between server and servant.”,即服务业的从业者是为顾客服务的,但很多顾客似乎分不清服务员与仆人的关系,认为可以把服务员当仆人使唤。故[B]“服务行业的工作者不应被视为仆人”正确。 [A]“满足他人需求的人注定被人瞧不起”。作者把服务业定义为满足他人需求的行业,但并没有说从事服务业的人注定低人一等。 [C]“服务行业的从业者只有忍受顾客的百般挑剔才能谋生”。短文没有提到。 [D]“如今大多数的顾客都把仆人当服务员”。短文的意思是许多顾客把服务员当仆人,故该项与文义相悖。
5. The author says she'll one day take her clients to dinner in order to ______.
A.see what kind of person they are
B.experience the feeling of being served
C.show her generosity towards people inferior to her
D.arouse their sympathy for people living a humble life
A B C D
A
本题问“作者要把顾客带去餐馆的用意何在”。短文结尾处提到“I think I'll take them to dinner first, and see how they treat someone whose only job is to serve them.”,也就是说作者把客户带到餐馆去,是要看看他们是怎样对待与其只有服务关系的服务员的,因此,[A]“看清他们的为人”正确。 [B]“体会被人服务的感觉”。第八段中未提及。 [C]“显示她对下属劳动者的慷慨”。短文未涉及。 [D]“唤起人们对下属劳动者的同情”。文中没有提到此意。
Passage Two What's hot for 2007 among the very rich? A $ 7.3 million diamond ring. A trip to Tanzania to hunt wild animals. Oh, and income inequality, Sure, some leftish billionaires like George Soros have been railing against income inequality for years. But increasingly, centrist and right-wing billionaires are starting to worry about income inequality and the fate of the middle class. In December, Mortimer Zuckerman wrote a column in U.S. News & World Report, which he owns. "Our nation's core bargain with the middle class is disintegrating," lamented (哀叹) the 117th-riehest main in America. "Most of our economic gains have gone to people at the very top of the income ladder. Average income for a household of people of working age, by contrast, has fallen five years in a row." He noted that "Tens of millions of Americans live in fear that a major health problem can reduce them to bankruptcy." Wilbur Ross Jr. has echoed Zuckerman's anger over the bitter struggles faced by middle-class Americans. "It's an outrage that any American's life expectancy should be shortened simply because the company they worked for went bankrupt and ended health-care coverage," said the former chairman of the International Steel Group. What's happening? The very rich are just as trendy as you and I, and can be so when it comes to politics and policy. Given the recent change of control in Congress, the popularity of measures like increasing the minimum wage, and efforts by California's governor to offer universal health care, these guys don't need their own personal weathermen to know which way the wind blows. It's possible that plutocrats (有钱有势的人) are expressing solidarity with the struggling middle class as part of an effort to insulate themselves from confiscatory (没收性的) tax policies. But the prospect that income inequality will lead to higher taxes on the wealthy doesn't keep plutocrats up at night. They can live with that. No, what they fear was that the political challenges of sustaining support for global economic integration will be more difficult in the United States because of what has happened to the distribution of income and economic insecurity. In other words, if middle-class Americans continue to struggle financially as the ultrawealthy grow ever wealthier, it will be increasingly difficult to maintain political support for the free flow of goods, services, and capital across borders. And when the United States places obstacles in the way of foreign investors and foreign goods, it's likely to encourage reciprocal action abroad. For people who buy and sell companies, or who allocate capital to markets all around the world, that's the real nightmare.
1. What is the current topic of common interest among the very rich in America?
A.The fate of the ultrawealthy people.
B.The disintegration of the middle class.
C.The inequality in the distribution of wealth.
D.The conflict between the left and the right wing.
A B C D
C
本题是主旨题,问“美国首富当前共同关心的问题是什么”。短文在第一段中引出了文章的主题“What's hot for 2007 among the very rich? A$7.3 million diamond ring.A trip to Tanzania to hunt wild animals.Oh,and income inequality.”,即首富们关心的是价值730万美元的钻戒,是去坦桑尼亚狩猎野生动物,还有收入不平衡这一社会现象,而其中收入不平衡才是短文论述的核心。因此[C]“财富分配不平衡”为正确选项。 [A]“超富阶层的命运”。不是短文的主旨。 [B]“中产阶级的瓦解”、[D]“左翼与右翼的冲突”。文中未涉及。
2. What do we learn from Mortimer Zuckerman's lamentation?
A.Many middle-income families have failed to make a bargain for better welfare.
B.The American economic system has caused many companies to go bankrupt.
C.The American nation is becoming more and more divided despite its wealth.
D.The majority of Americans benefit little from the nation's growing wealth.
A B C D
C
本题问“Mortimer Zuckerman 的哀叹表明了什么”。短文第三段这样说到“...‘Most of our economic gains have gone to people at the very top of the income ladder.Average income for a household of people of working age, by contrast,has fallen five years in a row.’...”,即处于收入阶顶端的那部分人获得了绝大部分的财富,而在职工薪阶层的家庭平均收入却连续5年下滑。这就说明中产阶级和富人的差距越拉越大,两个阶级越走越远,即“虽然臭田越来越富有,却退渐走向分裂”,故选[C]。 [A]“美国中产阶级家庭没有获得更好的福利”。第三段中没有比较中产阶级家庭所得福利比以前要更好或更差。 [B]“美国的经济体制使得很多公司破产”。短文没有提到此意。 [D]“大多数的美国人没有从国家不断增长的财富中分得一杯羹”。Mortimer Zuekerman 哀叹的是贫富差距的加剧,而并未涉及多数美国人是否从国家财富中得到了好处。
3. From the fifth paragraph we can learn that ______.
A.the very rich are fashion-conscious
B.the very rich are politically sensitive
C.universal health care is to be implemented throughout America
D.Congress has gained popularity by increasing the minimum wage
A B C D
B
本题问“第五段说明了什么”。第五段的第二句说到“The very rich are just as trendy as you and I, and can be so when it comes to polities and policy.”,即富豪们迅速觉察到了百姓之忧,在政治和政策方面也不失敏感,故选 [B]“首富对政治敏感”。 [A]“首富能把握时尚潮流”、[C]“医疗保健政策即将在全美实施”、[D]“国会通过提高最低工资赢得了民心”文中均没有提到。
4. What is the real reason for plutocrats to express solidarity with the middle class?
A.They want to protect themselves from confiscatory taxation.
B.They know that the middle class contributes most to society.
C.They want to gain support for global economic integration.
D.They feel increasingly threatened by economic insecurity.
A B C D
C
本题问“有钱有势的人为什么会站在中产阶级的立场上说话”。短文第六段中提到由收入不平等造成的税收增加的趋势还不至于让这些富豪忧心仲仲,而第七段给出了富人这么做的根本原因:"No,what they fear was that the political challenges of sustaining support for global economic integration will be more difficult in the United States because of what has happened to the distribution of income and economic insecurity.”,也就是说有钱人怕财产和经济风险分配不均会使美国在持续支持全球经济一体化的过程中遭遇更多的政治难题,因此[C]“他们想为全球经济一体化赢得支持”为正确选项。 [A]“他们企图免交没收性的税款”。这并不是富人焦虑的根本原因。 [B]“他们知道中产阶级对社会的贡献最大”、[D]“他们感到经济风险所造成的威胁越来越大了”。文中均未提及。
5. What may happen if the United Stated places obstacles in the way of foreign investors and foreign goods?
A.The prices of imported goods will inevitably soar beyond control.
B.The investors will have to make great efforts to re-allocate capital.
C.The wealthy will attempt to buy foreign companies across borders.
D.Foreign countries will place the same economic barriers in return.
A B C D
D
本题问“美国若对国外投资者和商品设置壁垒,那会发生什么情况”。短文结尾段的第二句说到“And when the United States places obstacles in the way of foreign investors and foreign goods,it's likely to encourage reciprocal action abroad.”,也就是说,当美国对国外投资者和商品设置壁垒时,很可能会引起这些国家采取相应的报复行为,故选[D]“这些国家反过来会对美国设置相同的烃济壁垒”。 [A]“进口货物的价格必定会狂涨”、[B]“投资商会尽量重新分配资本”、[C]“富大会尝试跨国收购外国公司”。文中均未提及。
Part Ⅴ Cloze Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage, For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre In 1915 Einstein made a trip to Gottingen to give some lectures at the invitation of the mathematical physicist David Hilbert. He was particularly eager -- too eager, it would turn 1 -- to explain all the intricacies of relativity to him. The visit was a triumph, and he said to a friend excitedly, "I was able to 2 Hilbert of the general theory of relativity." 3 all of Einstein's personal turmoil (焦躁) at the time, a new scientific anxiety was about to 4 . He was struggling to find the right equations that would 5 his new concept of gravity, 6 that would define how objects move 7 space and how space is curved by objects. By the end of the summer, he 8 the mathematical approach he had been 9 for almost three years was flawed. And now there was a 10 pressure. Einstein discovered to his 11 that Hilbert had taken what he had learned from Einstein's lectures and was racing to come up 12 the correct equations first. It was an enormously complex task. Although Einstein was the better physicist, Hilbert was the better mathematician. So in October 1915 Einstein 13 himself into a month-long frantic endeavor in 14 he returned to an earlier mathematical strategy and wrestled with equations, proofs, corrections and updates that he 15 to give as lectures to Berlin's Prussian Academy of Sciences on four 16 Thursdays. His first lecture was delivered on Nov. 4, 1915, and it explained his new approach, 17 he admitted he did not yet have the precise mathematical formulation of it. Einstein also took time off from 18 revising his equations to engage in an awkward fandango (方丹戈双人舞) with his competitor Hilbert. Worried 19 being scooped (抢先), he sent Hilbert a copy of his Nov. 4 lecture. "I am 20 to know whether you will take kindly to this new solution," Einstein noted with a touch of defensiveness.
1.
A.up
C.out
B.over
D.off
A B C D
C
前句提到,爱因斯坦应数学物理学家希耳伯特的邀请,做了关于相对论的讲座。本句的意思是“他特别急切地向他解释了相对论的所有复杂情况——结果证明他当时这样做大过急切了”。此处考查动词短语,turn与 out 连用意思是“结果是”,符合文意。因此,[C]out 正确。与其它选项搭配时分别是turn up 为“调高,出现”; turn over为“翻转,移交”;turn off 为“关掉”,均不合文意。
Part Ⅵ Translation Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2
1. But for mobile phones, ___________________________ (我们的通信就不可能如此迅速和方便).
our communication would not be so rapid and convenient
根据本句结构but for...,主句应该用虚拟语气,对现在事实的虚拟用句型would be。本题答案为 our communication would not be so rapid and convenient。
2. In handling an embarrassing situation, ___________________________ (没有什么比z幽默感更有帮助的了).
nothing can be more helpful than a sense of humor
根据本句结构,要翻译部分“比…更”应该用比较句型more...than。“幽默感”可译为a sense of humor。本题答案为nothing can be more helpful than a sense of humor。
3. The Foreign Minister said he was resigning, ___________________________ (但他拒绝进一步解释这样做的原因).
but he refused to give a further explanation as to why he did so
根据本句结构,要翻译部分是but引导的句子,“进一步解释”可翻译为further explanation,关于“何事的”用介词短语as to。本题答案为but he refused to give a further explanation as to why he did so。
4. Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, ___________________________ (而动物的行为主要依靠本能).
while/whereas the behavior of animals largely depend on instinct
根据本句结构,要翻译的部分与本句主句相对照,应该用表示对照的词while 或whereas来连接。“主要依靠”可译为largely depend on。本题答案为while/whereas the behavior of animals largely depend on instinct。
5. The witness was told that under no circumstances ___________________________ (他都不应该对法庭说慌).
should he tell lies in court
根据本句结构,under no circumstances 放在句首的句子应该用倒装句型,“说谎”可译为tell lies,本题答案为 should he tell lies in court。