Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET1. In the United States, the first day-nursery was opened in 1854. Nurseries were established in various areas during the 1 half of the 19th century; most of 2 were charitable. Both in Europe and in the U. S. , the day nursery movement received great 3 during the First World War, when 4 of manpower caused the industrial employment unprecedented numbers of women. In some European countries nurseries were established 5 in munitions plants, under direct government sponsorship. 6 the number of nurseries in the U. S. also rose 7 , this rise was accomplished without government aid of any kind. During the years following the First World War, 8 , Federal, State, and local governments gradually began to exercise a measure of control 9 the day-nurseries, chiefly by 10 them and by inspecting and regulating the conditions within the nurseries. The 11 of the Second World War was quickly followed by an increase in the number of day-nurseries in almost all countries, as women were 12 called upon to replace men in the factories. On this 13 the U.S. government immediately came to the support of the nursery schools, 14 $ 6,000,000 in July, 1942, for a nursery school program for the children of working mothers. Many States and local communities 15 this Federal aid. By the end of the war, in August, 1945, more than 100,000 children were being cared 16 in day-care centers receiving Federal 17 . Soon afterward, the Federal government 18 cut down its expenditures for this purpose and later 19 them, causing a sharp drop in the number of nursery schools in operation. However, the expectation that most employed mothers would leave their 20 at the end of the war was only partly fulfilled.
1.
A.latter
B.late
C.other
D.first
A B C D
A
[解析] 上下文语义+词汇辨析 [解析] 从第一句话中知道第一家日托幼稚园于1854年成立，而各地的幼稚园在此后相继建起，故排除D。latter是late比较级的变体，来自古英语，指在顺序上较后。later为late的比较级，指在时间上较迟。the later part of the 19th cent 了指19世纪晚些时期，而the latter part of the 19th century则指19世纪的后半世纪。由此分析可知，本题的答案为A。
Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Text 1 Nobody ever went into academia to make a fast buck. Professors, especially those in medical-and technology-related fields, typically earn a fraction of what their colleagues in industry do. But suddenly, big money is starting to flow into the ivory tower, as university administrators wake up to the commercial potential of academic research. And the institutions are wrestling with a whole new set of issues. The profits are impressive: the Association of University Technology Managers surveyed 132 universities and found that they earned a combined $ 576 million from patent royalties in 1998, a number that promises to keep rising dramatically. Schools like Columbia University in New York have aggressively marketed their inventions to corporations, particularly pharmaceutical and high-tech companies. Now Columbia is going retail on the Web. It plans to go beyond the typical "dot. edu" model, free sites listing courses and professors' research interests. Instead, it will offer the expertise of its faculty on a new for-profit site which will be spun off as an independent company. The site will provide free access to educational and research content, say administrators, as well as advanced features that are already available to Columbia students, such as a simulation of the construction and architecture of a French cathedral and interactive 3-D models of organic chemicals. Free pages will feel into profit-generating areas, such as online courses and seminars, and related books and tapes. Columbia executive vice provost Michael Crow imagines "millions of visitors" to the new site, including retirees and students willing to pay to tap into this educational resource. "We can offer the best of what's thought and written and researched," says Ann Kirschner, who heads the project. Columbia also is anxious not be aced out by some of the other for-profit "knowledge sites," such as About. com and Hungry Minds. " If they capture this space," says Crow, "they'll begin to cherry-pick our best faculty. " Profits from the sale of patents typically have been divided between the researcher, the department and the university, and Web profits would work the same way, so many faculty members are delighted. But others find the trend worrisome: is a professor who stands to profit from his or her research as credible as one who doesn't? Will universities provide more support to researchers working in profitable fields than to scholars toiling in more musty areas? "If there's the perception that we might be making money from our efforts, the authority of the university could be diminished," worries Herve Varenne, a cultural anthropology professor at Columbia's education school. Says Kirschner: "We would never compromise the integrity of the university. "Whether the new site can add to the growing profits from patents remains to be seen, but one thing is clear. It's going to take the best minds on campus to find a new balance between profit and purity.
1. In the past, if you want to make fast money, you should work in______.
Text 2 That rapscallion who leaps off the monkey bars, landing smack onto an innocent 3-year-old bystander, and skips off, giggling all the while? According to a new paper out of Israel, he may not feel all that bad about the incident. The study, conducted by Dr. In bal Kivenson Bar-On at the University of Haifa, shows that high levels of fearlessness in 3-and 4-year-olds is strongly associated with aggression and a lack of sympathy. This news will likely surprise risk-loving America, where parents typically beam with pride when their undaunted child mounts the big slide. Fearlessness is a far-end point on the spectrum of what psychologists call the "approach and withdrawal dimension"—people's tendency to approach new stimuli (to gain information and acquire new skills ) and withdraw from unfamiliar stimuli (to avoid danger). Striking the right balance is considered crucial to man's survival. But what about preschoolers'? There's a clear downside, Dr. Kivenson Bar-On discovered, after she observed lots of preschool play and machinations. In total, she documented 80 children at preschool, home and in the lab, measuring their propensity for fearlessness and other social and emotional characteristics at the beginning and end of one year. Fearlessness was measured by observing reactions to various fright-inducing situations: separation from parents, the roar of a vacuum cleaner, a jack-in-the-box and the like. Those who displayed greater levels of fearlessness, the study found, had no trouble recognizing facial expressions of anger, surprise, happiness and sadness in other children—but they had a hard time identifying fear. Over all, they were "emotionally shallow" and showed lower levels of sympathy. They took advantage of friends and lacked regret over inappropriate conduct. "These findings," the paper explains, " suggest that fearlessness in preschool constitutes a clear risk factor for developmental pathways that lead to problems in morality, conscience development, and severe antisocial behaviors. " At the same time, fearless children tended to be highly sociable. "One of the most interesting findings was that we could discriminate between friendliness and sympathy," Dr. Kivenson Bar-On said. "These kids are curious, easygoing and friendly, but they have a hard time recognizing emotional distress in others. " Jamie Ostrov, a psychology professor at the State University at Buffalo who studies aggression, says that children at the extreme end of the fearless spectrurn "may be charming, but they're also highly manipulative and deceptive and skilled at getting their way—even at age 3 or 4. " It could be that fearless children need stronger distress cues to active their autonomic nervous systems, limiting their ability to detect distress cues in others. It seems to be, if I'm not worried about this, you can't be, either. But should we be?
1. The example of the first paragraph is to______.
A.quote the research that the children of high levels of fearlessness are lack of empathy
B.illustrate the children strongly associated with aggression and a lack of sympathy exist
C.criticize children in reckless behavior and moral deficiency
2. As for the result of the research, American parents may be______?
A.approving
B.welcome
C.a little unhappy
D.indifferent
A B C D
C
[解析] 事实判断题 [解析] 文中提到美国的只有第一段末，可知答案必出于此。文中说，这个新闻会让热殛冒险的美国人惊讶，那里的父母的孩子百折不挠地爬上一个大滑梯的时候，他们会非常高兴和骄傲。孩子百折不挠爬上大滑梯，可以对应研究中提到的无畏；而根据研究，无畏的孩子往往是“aggresson and a lack of sympathy”，这是负面评语，自然会让美国父母感到不愉快，故c正确。
3. According to the second paragraph, we may know______.
A.fearless children are easy to live
B.fearless children's character downside
C.fearless children are not sensitive to fear
D.fear children are hard to distinguish different kinds of look
5. The fearless children are not easy to perceive others' sad mood because______.
A.they're more aggressive and deceptive
B.they are more lack of sympathy
C.they themselves are difficult to have the sad mood
D.they are not good at watching others
A B C D
C
[解析] 事实细节题 [解析] 题目是最后一段中“limiting their ability to detect distress cues in others”的替换，可定位至此。在该分句之前，文中提及无畏的孩子需要更强的悲伤暗示，说明是因为他们自身比较难于悲伤，所以才不易察觉别的孩子的悲伤，故C选项正确。该段最后一句的反问也说明了这一点。A、B、D选项虽在文中多次提及，但均属答非所问。
Text 3 Back in the 1870s, Charles Darwin's cousin Francis Galeton wanted to define the face of a criminal. He assembled photographs of men convicted of heinous crimes and made a composite by lining them up on a single photographic plate. The surprise: everybody liked the villain, including Galton himself. He reasoned that the villainous irregularities he supposed belonged to criminal faces had disappeared in the averaging process. In the next century, scientists began to show reliably that faces combined digitally on computers were likable—more so than the individual faces from which they were composed. Although people clearly admire the long legs of Brazilian model Ana Hickmann or Dolly Parton's breasts, in general humans like averages. Researchers confirmed that humans judge real faces by their differences or similarities from a norm. But they also found that the norm can change quickly: When researchers showed 164 people sets of 100 computer-generated faces representing a slow transition from male to female—and from Japanese to Caucasian—it turned out that the test subjects' idea of what constitute an "average" face shifted depending on the first face they saw. When they were flashed a super masculine face first, more faces on the spectrum impressed them, by contrast, as female. The masculine face had, in effect, set a standard. From then on, other faces had to be more masculine in order to rate as belonging to the gender. The study noted a similar shift using a scale of faces moving from surprise to disgust. The authors, who published their results in the journal Nature, conclude that in real life we also quickly change ore" perception of the midpoint—what's normal—depending on what we see. We may not be aware that our judgment has changed; we simply see differently, says Michael Webster, a psychologist at the University of Nevada in Reno and coauthor of the study. One implication is that individual and social attitudes toward what's acceptable, and what's beautiful, change over time. "If you look at plastic-surgery trends, in the 1950s and 1960s you saw little upturned noses," notes Harvard psychologist Nancy Etcoff, author of the book Survival of the Prettiest : The Science of Beauty. "Now the noses are broader and the lips are plumper. We're seeing images from around the globe, and it's changing our idea of the average. " So if you're unhappy with some aspect of your face, take comfort: beauty is a moving target.
1. Francis Gahon's test shows that______.
A.people prefer average faces to those with conspicuous features
B.sometimes evil persons have more attractive appearance
C.it is hard to distinguish between criminals and ordinary people
D.the result of trying to read faces is a shock to average people
Text 4 Social-networking sites offer users easy ways to present idealized images of themselves, even if those ideals don't always square with their real-world personalities. Psychology researcher Soraya Mehdizadeh has discovered a way to poke through the offline-online curtain: she has used Faeebook to predict a person's level of narcissism and self-esteem. Mehdizadeh, who conducted the study as an undergraduate at Toronto's York University, gained access to the Faeebook accounts of 100 college students and measured activities like photo sharing, wall postings and status updates; she also studied how frequently users logged on and how often they remained online during each session. Her findings were published recently in Cyberpsyehology, Behavior and Social Networking. After measuring each subject using the Narcissism Personality Inventory and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Mehdizadeh, who graduated from York this past spring, discovered narcissists and people with lower self-esteem were more likely to spend more than an hour a day on Facebook and were more prone to post self-promo-tional photos ( striking a pose or using Photoshop, for example). Narcissists were also more likely to showcase themselves through status updates (using phrases like "I'm so glamorous I bleed glitter") and wall activity (posting self-serving links like " My Celebrity Look-alikes" ). Self-esteem and narcissism are often interrelated but don't always go hand in hand. Some psychologists believe that narcissists--those who have a pervasive pattern of grandiosity, a need for admiration, as well as a lack of sympathy--unconsciously inflate their sense of self-importance as a defense against feeling inadequate. Not enough empirical research has been produced to confirm that link, although Mehdizadeh's study seems to support it. Because narcissists have less capacity to sustain intimate or long-term relationships, Mehdizadeh thinks that they would be more drawn to the online world of virtual friends and emotionally detached communication. Although it seems that Facebook can be used by narcissists to fuel their inflated egos, Mehdizadeh stops short of proclaiming that excessive time spent on Faeebook can turn regular users into narcissists. She also notes that social-networking sites might ultimately be found to have positive effects when used by people with low self-esteem or depression. "If individuals with lower self-esteem are more prone to using Facebook," she says, "the question becomes, ' Can Facebook help raise self- esteem by allowing patients to talk to each other and help each other in a socially interactive environment?' I don't think it's necessarily a bad thing that people with low self-esteem use Facebook. "
1. Facebook's users______?
A.like to hide themselves
B.maybe show the characters that are different from the real ones
2. which of the following is used for predicting a person's level of narcissism and self-esteem?
A.Activities the subjects take apart in
B.Frequency of the experimental object
C.Frequency of the experimental object's renewing photos
D.The contents of the log of the experimental object
A B C D
B
[解析] 事实细节题 [解析] 文中第一段末句提到，麦迪扎德预测一个人自恋和自负的程度通过poke through the offline-online curtain，第二段又具体提到麦迪扎德通过记录上传照片、修改签名、状态更新、登录频率、以及每次登录后的在线时长等相关信息判别实验对象是否自卑或自恋，可知B选项为正确选项，A、C、D对这些进行了偷梁换柱。
3. Narcissists may______.
A.be online for a long time
B.only upload the photos of their own
C.own the strong sympathy
D.be self-serving
A B C D
A
[解析] 事实判断题 [解析] 第三段讲述的是自恋者和自卑者在脸谱上的一些共有行为特征，所以可以从本段找到答案。其中A选项是原文中“pend more than an hour a day on Facebook”的同义替换，是正确选项。B选项曲解文意，原文中“self-promotional”的照片和自己喜欢的照片不等同。C和D文中没有体现。
4. According to the views of psychologists (Para 4, line 2), narcissists would______.
A.make themselves feel adequate
B.show their differences
C.obtain the respect of others
D.defense against feeling insufficient
A B C D
A
[解析] 事实细节题 [解析] 由题干可以定位到第四段二行，原文中说明自恋者的自我膨胀感是为了“defense against feeling inadequate”，A选项是其同义替换。本题重点是对inadequate的理解，inadequate没有自信的意思，故D选项不正确。B选项在文中未提及。第四段二行提到了“a need fbr admiration”，是膨胀自我重要感的一个目的，但并非全部，只有A选项概括全面。
5. Mehdizadeh may think that______.
A.Facebook will make people abnormal
B.people with low self-esteem could increase their confidence by Facebook
C.Facebook is socially interactive environment
D.narcissists with lower self-esteem don't like to communicate mood
A B C D
C
[解析] 推理判断题 [解析] 末段三句提到，‘can ntcebook help raise self-esteem by allowing patio nets to talk to each 12thm’and help each other in a socially interactive environment?’，可知Facebook是一个socially interactive environment，C选项是正确选项，结合全文来看，在Facebook中也可以与virtual friends互动，也证明了这一点。而同样由末段三句，可知Facebook是否能提高people with low self-esteem的信心尚属不确定，故B错误。A选项属反向干扰，末段首句提到长时间呆在Facebook上不会把正常人变自恋。D选项曲解原文，文中第四段末句提到在网络中不需要太多情感的交流，不代表白恋者不喜欢情绪的交流。
Part B Directions: In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. Seismologist David Oppenheimer of' the U. S. Geological Survey Earthquakes Hazards Team explains (as told to Katherine Harmon) : Traditional geothermal drilling bores into hot rock such as sandstone that has water or steam trapped in its pore spaces and natural fractures. When a drilled hole intersects these fractures, the water flashes into steam because of the sudden drop in pressure-like bubbles that come out of a soda bottle when the cap is removed. The steam surges into the well hole, and the steam pressure at the surface spins a turbine to generate electricity. Sometimes the plant returns some of the water back into the reservoir to keep water levels up. The drilling itself does not cause earthquakes, but the steam removal and water return can do so, by producing new instability along fault or fracture lines. 1 ______________________ Researchers know they result from steam withdrawal or injection because when operators begin geothermal production in a new area, earthquakes begin and when production ends, the earthquakes stop. Many minor tremors occur, but quakes as large as magnitude 4.5 have been recorded. Residents of nearby Anderson Springs often feel tremors as small as magnitude 2.0 because the town sits only a couple of kilometers above the rock fractures. 2 ______________ When a large earthquake does occur, the public will ask whether the geothermal projects might have played a role in causing the rocks to shift along other faults. And researchers will have to use geodetic monitoring and other data to try to figure out whether it really was a factor in changing key stress dynamics. 3 ______________ Because the felsite has no natural pores, it also contains no water. To recover the heat, the project's operators would have needed to fracture the rock and circulate water through it. First, in the short phase of the project, they would have drilled into the felsite and injected water to fracture the rock, most likely generating earthquakes in the process. Then, aided by borehole cameras revealing in which direction the fractures formed, they would have drilled a second hole to intersect the new fractures and would have produced steam by pumping water through the hot fractures linking the wells. This dry-rock geothermal approach has the potential to harness much more heat than the traditional sandstone techniques, but it can also mean more earthquakes. 4 ______________. Unfortunately, areas that are less tectonically active also have less accessible subterranean heat sources. 5 ______________. [A] California, for example, has more heat (because of its location near tectonic plate margins) than, say, Texas. The whole country has some geothermal potential if we wanted to draw warmth for heating. But the resulting heat would not necessarily have the energy to spin large turbines for electricity generation. [B] At a long-term geothermal project in northern California known as the Geysers, the USGS has been monitoring seismic activity since 1975. Even though the area does not appear to have any large faults running through it, researchers record about 4,000 quakes above magnitude 1.0 every year. [C] All sources of energy-hydropower, nuclear, wind or coal—have advantages and disadvantages. Geothermal energy has the advantage of being clean and renewable, but earthquakes are a downside. [D] In addition to the traditional geothermal plants at the Geysers, a pilot project, which was suspended last September, intended to draw steam directly from the volcanic, nonporous rock called Msite that lies below the sandstone and is its heat source. [E] To control the earthquake risk, drillers would have tried to keep the size of the fractures small and to maintain steady water flow rates. The threshold goal for earthquakes is 2.0 or lower on the Richter scale. Such deep-drilling operations would not want a repeat of events in Basel, Switzerland, where a widely felt magnitude 3.4 quake in 2006 ultimately stopped a similar geothermal project. [F] Many researches have been finished during the past years, and the relationship between the earthquake and Geothermal energy has been proved, which orientated the direction to the use of Geothermal energy. [G] Geologists suspect that even larger earthquakes could occur on nearby faults such as the Maacama, which is adjacent to the Geysers fields. The extraction of water and heat from the porous sandstone causes it to contract, much as a sponge shrinks when it dries out.
Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Within the modern study of religion the division between philosophy of reli- gion and the histolw of religions-long regarded as a truism insofar as it reflects the distinction between universal and particular-has become increasingly blurred in recent years with the growing influence of' cultural and critical theory on the humanities and social sciences. Unlike the earaier paradigmatic split between theology and anthropology (or social science methodology) , cultural theory has helped not only to dismantle well worn dualisms such as religion/politics, theism/atheism, sacred/secular, but more importantly has helped to narrow the gap between academic practices and cultural practices such as religion that scholars seek to study. (47)That is to say, cultural theory has simultaneously problematized and challenged essentialist and theological tendencies (such as dreams of absolute principles, supernatural origins, ahistorical authorities, pure traditions etc. ) as well as scholars' claims to methodological objectivity and impartiality, since the academy far from being a site of neutral value-free analysis, is itself thoroughly implicated in cultural realities. Indeed in what might seen as a reversal of critical theory's atheistic roots in the "masters of suspicion" contemporary cultural theory has been adapted by scholars not only to successfully dispute the atheistic presuppositions of modern secular thinking in the social sciences, thereby revitalizing religious and theological reflection in the Christian and Judaic traditions, but, more surprisingly perhaps, it has legitimized the use of phenomena from these particular traditions as resources for critical thinking about religion per se. (48) By contrast, however, the effects of critical theory on the study of nonWestern religions has not only been far more modest, in many cases it seems also to have had precisely the opposite effect. In the study of South Asian religions, for example, the effect of critical theory seems to have reinforced the priority of the secular. In his recent work "Provincialising Europe" Dipesh Chakrabarty points out the very different interventions of critical theory in the two traditions. (49) Whereas in the Western intellectual traditions fundamental thinkers who are long dead and gone are treated not only as people belonging to their own times but also as though they were our contemporaries, the thinkers and traditions of South Asia, once unbroken and alive in their native languages, are now matters of historical research. These traditions are treated as truly dead, as history. Few if any social scientists working in the history of religions would ever try to make the concepts of these traditions into resources for contemporary critical theory. (50) And yet "past Western thinkers and their categories are never quite dead for us in the same way. South Asian(ist) social scientists would argue passionately with a Marx or a Weber without feeling any need to historicize them or to place them in their European intellectual contexts".
[解析] 伴随状语译法 [句子分析] 本句的主干是the division has become increasingly blurred。句首within the modern study of religion作状语，between philosophy of religion and the history of religions作主语的后置定语，long regarded as．．．universal and particular作后置定语，with the growing...and social sciences作伴随状语修饰整个句子。
[解析] 宾语的同位语的译法 [句子分析] 本句的主干是cultural theory has simultaneously problematized and challenged essentialist and theological tendencies。That is to say放居首作状语，such as dreams of...pure traditions etc．作同位语，用来解释说明，as well as...and impartiality作比较状语，since the academy...is itself thoroughly implicated in cultural realities是一个原因状语。
[解析] 较长谓语和宾语的译法 [句子分析] 本句的主干是the effects has not only been far more modest in many cases it seems also to have had precisely the opposite effect，其中含有有一个not only...(but)also的句型。of critical theory onthe study of non-Western religions作主语the effect的定语。
[解析] 句子主干的译法 [句子分析] 本句的主干是the thinkers and traditions of South Asia are now matters of historical research。Whereas引导一个让步状语从句，其中who are long dead and gone引导一个定语从句修饰thinkers，once unbroken and alive in their native languages作状语。
[解析] 定语从句译法 [句子分析] 本句的主干是两个并列句，第一个句子的主干是past Western thinkers and their categories are never quite dead，for US in the same way作状语。居首yet表示转折。第二个句子的主干是scienfists would argue，South Asian(ist)social作主语的定语，without feeling any need to historicize themor to place them in their European intellectual contexts介词结构表示伴随。
Section Ⅲ Writing
Part A Directions: Suppose you paid 1,600 yuan for a mobile phone in the suppermarket yesterday. But it doesn't work today. Now write a letter to the director of the suppermarket to complain about it. Your letter should include: 1) State your purpose and present situation; 2) suggestions for dealing with the problem; 3) express your sincere hope. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.
1.
Dear Sir， Yesterday I bought a mobile phone that cost me 1，600 yuan in your suppermarket．But today I found it did not work and it could not come into use．I am very angry with that because I must use it to deal with much business．Therefore，I am writing to ask you to accept return or to replace it with another one as soon as possible． I trust you will consider this matter seriously and make an effort to prevent the reoccurrence of such things．I would appreciate your help in dealing with this matter． Many Thanks． Yours Li Mjng
Part B Directions: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should 1) describe the drawing briefly, 2) explain its intended meaning, and then 3) give your comments You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
1.
As is vividly presented in the above drawing, two men are enjoying a dish of fried beans. One man gets one by one with chopsticks without on the ground, while the other man gets three beans with chopsticks and when he is about to eat them, the beans all drop down. What is the svmbolic meaning of the drawing? By depicting this image,the drawer attempt to expose that a man who grasps at too much may lose everything. More and more similar events happened and happening areheard or reported in our society as well as life. To make the point event clearer, let's come to an example concerning a camel and the God. A camel is envying cattle born with@ two horns as well . But when he tells the God what hewants, the God unpleasantly cuts half of his nose. Judging from all evidence offered above, we may come to the conclusion that it is high time to control our appetite. What we should do now is to get what we can realize ongoingly rather than desire something in foam. Only in this way, I do believe, can we accumulate more and more.
深色：已答题 浅色：未答题