Part Ⅰ Writing Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the expansion of university enrollment. Start your essay with a brief description of the diagram below. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese.
1. 1.简介中国大学近年扩招情况 2.大学扩招可能带来的问题 3.采取相关措施解决问题
Sample Writing Expanding University Enrollment In no other country than China has the scale of higher education expanded so rapidly. The figures is the most convincing evidence. As indicted in the above chart, in 1998, the colleges in China recruited 1.07 million. In 1999, with the launch of expansion policy, the number of college recruits increased to 1.54 million. Then from 1999 to 2006 the college enrollment rises steadily, with an increase ofS00,000(about 220/0) per year. The State has decided to increase the enrollment in higher education. This is done to keep up with accelerated economic and social progress, to shift higher education from an elite education (英语教育) system to one that target the masses, as well as to turn the burden of a large population in our country into a human resource advantage. Nevertheless, problems have arisen as more young people enjoy higher education. First, an increase in enrollment has resulted in a shortage of university accommodations and educational facilities. In the school canteens, students have to wait in long queues for food and tables; in the classroom and libraries, students are struggling for limited seat; even the washrooms are crowded during the break-time. The increasingly negative ration of teacher to students means that the students are suffering a serious lack of individual attention from the teacher. Besides, competition for jobs after graduation is expected to grow fierce. The more university diplomas granted, the lower their value. As more and more graduates crowd into the already tight job market, it's getting difficult to land a satisfactory job. To solve these problems, university authorities should not only deepen the reform on university logistics (后勤) but also improve the quality of education. This can be done by increasing investment in teaching resources, exploring effective teaching methods, and developing more feasible curriculum.
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 8 - 10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Don't Be Shy We often hear shy people say, "As we talked, I felt uneasy. I worried about how I looked, what I said, how I said what I said, and so forth." If you have never felt this shy, chances are that you know someone who has. Shyness vs. Social Phobia (恐惧症) "Very shy people often believe there's something wrong with them and tend to evaluate themselves more negatively than others do," says Lynne Henderson, director of the Shyness Clinic in Los Altos, California. John Walker, director of the Anxiety Disorder Program at St. Boniface General Hospital in Canada, describes shyness as "an exaggerated fear of embarrassment and a tendency to hold back in social situations." Our research reveals that the shy tend to make unrealistic social comparisons. In a room full of others, their attention is usually drawn to the most socially outstanding person, against whom they compare themselves, unfavorably, of course. Typically, they compound the negative self-image by attributing their own comparatively poor performance to enduring and unchangeable internal characteristics -- "I was born shy." Such attributions only heighten self-consciousness and spoil performance. Shyness is considered a personality trait, not a psychological condition or disorder, and it has varying degrees. But severely shy people are sometimes diagnosed by psychologists as also having social anxiety disorder, or social phobia. Shyness that becomes so severe that it interferes significantly our social activities, relationships or occupational functioning could be what experts call social anxiety disorder or "crippling shyness". Millions of people suffer symptoms of this disorder at some point in their lives. One of them, 51-year-old Earla Dunbar, was virtually house-bound for six years during the 1990s. she was terrified to go outside, even to get the mail, for fear she'd run into other people and that they would think the worst of her. In such cases, cognitive-behavioral therapy and prescription drugs are often required to overcome the problem. Social anxiety is the third largest psychological problem in the United States today. This type of anxiety affects 15 million Americans in any given year. Unlike some other psychological problems, social anxiety is not well understood by the general public or by medical and mental health care professionals. In fact, people with social anxiety are misdiagnosed almost 90% of the time. People with social phobia come to the anxiety clinic labeled as "schizophrenic" (精神分裂), "manic- depressive" (狂郁症) , "clinically depressed", "panic disordered", and "personality disordered", among other damaging misdiagnoses. In the Genes? Scientists used to think a child's family environment largely dictated his/her emotional development as an adult. But Louis Schmidt, a Canadian psychologist who has been studying brain development in children and babies for the past 15 years, says while there's probably no single gene for shyness, new research shows some genes appear to play a larger role in predicting whether a person will be shy. "It appears nature has predisposed some children for shyness, "Schmidt says. This means that if your parents are shy you will be shy as well. In healthy babies just a few months old who tend to cry when exposed to new situations or people, more activity is detected in their right frontal brain, which regulates behavior and emotion, and their heart rates are higher than those of more sociable babies. Many of these kids outgrow shyness, but ten to fifteen percent don't. This kind of world we live in may also contribute to an increase in the number of shy people since today there's less face-to-face contact required in daily life. Some experts believe the cyberspace generation are accustomed to email, computer games, bank machines and other automated services and it means modern people are at the risk of failing to develop social skills. Can Shyness Affect Career? A 1995 survey found that about 48% of the 800 respondents considered themselves shy. While many of us consider ourselves shy, not all of those who do allow it to define us. For example, I have always considered myself to be a shy person. However, when I took a quiz, which rates level of shyness, the results showed that I was moderately shy. W-hat this means is that, though I sometimes experience feelings associated with shyness, I have not allowed these feelings to keep me from pursuing my personal and professional goals. However, there are still some people whose shyness gets in the way of their career development. Researchers have found that such people tend to begin their careers later than non-shy people. They are also more apt to refuse promotions. They choose careers that are less interpersonal and are more undecided about which field to pursue. Once in a career, shy people have a harder time developing a career identity -- an image of themselves as competent or successful within a career track. While most of us feel nervous before making a presentation, some people are so shy that they can't attend parties or go on a dinner date. Others can't talk 0n the phone to strangers, voice an opinion in a work or social setting or return things to a store because it involves confronting tile customer-service person. Some can't even make eye contact. "For them, shyness is a cocoon (蚕茧 ) ," says Walker. "It's safe and warm and quiet, but it can also be confining, dark and lonely." Combat Shyness One of the solutions to shyness is a greater understanding of its internal dynamics. It is important to note that a critical feature of shyness is a slowness to warm up. Shy people simply require extra time to adjust to unfamiliar or stressful situations, including even everyday conversations and social gatherings. They also need more time to master the developmental barriers of life. The good news is that shy people eventually achieve everything that everyone else does -- they date, marry, have children. The bad news is, it takes them a little longer. An unfortunate consequence of the shy being on this delayed schedule is that they lack social support through many important life experiences. When they start dating and want to talk about first-date worries, for example, their peers will be talking about weddings. As a result, the shy may need to take an especially active role in finding others who are in their situation. One way is to build social support by starting groups of like-minded people. Another is to seek out existing groups of shy people, perhaps via the Internet. While technology often works against the shy, it can also lend them an unexpected helping hand. The Successfully Shy Every shy person believes shyness is a problem located exclusively within the self. But experts suggest that the solution to shyness lies outside the self. To break free of the prison of shyness, you must stop dwelling on your own insecurities and become more aware of people around you. Experts have identified a group of people called the successfully, shy. Essentially, they recognize that they are shy. They develop an understanding of the nature and dynamics of shyness, its impact on the body, on cognitive processes and on behavior. And they take action based on that self- awareness. The successfully shy overcome their social anxiety by letting go of their self- consciousness, that inward focus of attention on the things they can't do well (like tell a joke). They accept that they aren't great at small talk or that they get so nervous in social situations that they can't draw on what is inside their mind. Or that they are paying so much attention to their feelings that they don't pay full attention to the person they're talking to. In place of self- consciousness, they substitute self-awareness. Rather than becoming anxious about their silence in a conversation, they plan ahead of time to have something to say, or rehearse asking questions. They arrive early at parties to feel comfortable in their new setting. By contrast, less successful shy people arrive late in an effort to blend in. The fact is, these are the same kinds of strategies that non-shy people employ. The successfully shy also take steps at the transpersonal level, getting involved in the lives of others. They start small, making sure their day-to-day exchanges involve contact with other people. When they pick up a newspaper, for instance, they don't just hand over their money. They focus on the seller, thanking him or her for the service. This creates a social environment favorable to positive interactions. Once the shy are more outwardly focused on the lives of other people, shyness no longer controls them. The successfully shy don't change who they are. They change the way they think and the actions they make. There is nothing wrong with being shy.
1. The passage mainly analyzes the differences between shyness and social phobia as well as the causes behind these two problems.
N
全文主旨题。本文提到了害羞与社交恐惧症的概念差异,但重点是分析害羞的成因及其克服方法。
2. Shyness, except in the very severe cases, is more of a personality trait than a psychological disorder.
Y
参见“Shyness vs.Social Phobia”部分第三段第一句。
3. Some shy people may be misdiagnosed as having social anxiety disorder.
4. Modem scientists believe that family environment plays a larger role in causing shyness in a child than genetic predisposition.
N
参见“In the Genes?”部分第一段。
5. Shyness varies in degrees, and mild to moderate shyness won't necessarily form a barrier to a person's career development.
Y
参见“Can Shyness Affect Career?”部分第一段。
6. By replacing self-consciousness with self-awareness, shy people can learn to control their shyness.
Y
参见“The Successfully Shy”部分第二段。
7. The successfully shy are the people who are born shy but managed to become a success in their career.
N
参见“The Successfully Shy”部分第二段第三、四句。
8. According to shyness experts, shy people tend to have a negative self-image and withdraw from ______.
social situations
参见“Shyness vs.Social Phobia”部分第一段。
9. The growing number of shy people in modern society is largely due to technological advances that allow for fewer ______.
interpersonal interactions/face-to-face contact
参见“In the Genes?”部分第三段第一句。
10. It is advisable for the shy to turn to the Internet for like-minded people and ______
social support
参见“Combat Shyness”部分第二段最后两句。
Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension
Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B),C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
B.He regularly gives talks to high school students.
C.He doesn't want the woman to postpone the talk.
D.He hasn't finished preparing for his presentation.
A B C D
D
[解析] W: What's the problem, Paul? You really look panicked. M: I am speaking to a group of high school students about engineering this afternoon. But I have no idea how I am going to simplify some of the concepts for them. Q: What can be inferred about the man?
[解析] 事实状况题。解答此题的关键是从现象(have no idea how I am...)推导出结论 (hasn't finished preparing...)。
2.
A.To be an architect.
B.To go into the business.
C.To be more interesting.
D.To become an artist.
A B C D
A
[解析] W: I really wish our son would take more interest in our business. I don't know why he wants to be- come an architect. M: But. Sarah, he's only sixteen. I think he should do what he wants. Q: What does the man want his son to do?
[解析] 观点态度题。解答此题的关键是理解代词(what)所指示的内容(become an architect/To be an architect)。
3.
A.Photocopy the book at Sands store.
B.Go back to the school bookstore and look near the side.
C.Go to the bookstore near the school.
D.Go to the bookstore near the Sam's.
A B C D
D
[解析] M: I've been trying every bookstore in town for a copy of the chemistry textbook. The school's bookstore ran out for quite some time. W: Have you tried the one near the Sam's? I heard they still have a few copies left. Q: What does the woman suggest the man to do?
[解析] 行为活动题。解答此题的关键是把口语表达(tried the one near the Sam's)转换成书面表达(Go to the bookstore near the Sam's)。
4.
A.She rarely makes mistakes.
B.Her boss is hard to work with.
C.She always tells others what she thinks.
D.She regretted having replaced the secretary.
A B C D
C
[解析] W: I'm surprised that Sarah told her boss he was wrong to have fired his secretary. M: I know. But that Sarah... If she has an opinion, everyone's got to know it. Q: What does the man say about Sarah?
[解析] 观点态度题。解答此题的关键是把形象的描述(If she has an opinion,everyone's got to know it)转换成一般的陈述(Sarah usually says what she thinks)。
5.
A.He is always late on Friday.
B.He is most forgetful on Friday.
C.He is always behind on his work on Friday.
D.He prefers Friday mornings to; Monday mornings.
A B C D
B
[解析] W: I can't seem to leave my apartment on Monday morning without leaving something behind. M: You know I'm just like you. Except for me, it's always on Friday. Q: What does the man mean?
[解析] 事实状况题。解答此题的关键是从对两人的对比(just like you,Except for me,it's always on Friday)中推导出其中一人的特点 (most forgetful on Friday)。
6.
A.Mary forgot about the seminar.
B.Mary has been ill for several weeks.
C.Mary wasn't able to attend the seminar.
D.Mary hadn't planned to attend the seminar.
A B C D
D
[解析] M: I kept looking for Mary at the seminar but never did see her. I can't imagine she forgot about it. She'd been talking about it for weeks. W: Oh she didn't. It's just that she caught a really bad cold a couple of days ago. Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?
[解析] 事实状况题。解答此题的关键是从过去的动作或状态(caught already bad cold)推导出结果(wasn't able to attend the seminar)。
7.
A.Dave will never listen.
B.She doesn't know Dave.
C.She thinks Dave is insane.
D.She thinks Dave will listen one day.
A B C D
A
[解析] M: Why don't you suggest to Dave that he at least improve his habits for showing up late to class? W: When do you think he'll listen to someone? Q: What does the woman imply?
[解析] 观点态度题。解答此题的关键是从反问语气(When do you think he'll listen to someone?)推导出否定含义(will never listen)。
8.
A.She may not be able to help the man.
B.She will talk to Judy about the problem.
C.She isn't sure if Judy can solve the problem.
D.The man should solve the problem by himself.
A B C D
A
[解析] M: Hi, thanks for your help. I guess I can handle the rest by myself. But just in case, are you going to be around later? W: I don't know, hut you can always ask Judy. She's really good with these kinds of problems. Q: What does the woman imply?
[解析] 事实状况题。解答此题的关键是从建议(you can always ask Judy)推导出可能的行动(She may not be able to help the man)。
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
[解析] 19-22 M: You should have seen the line at the housing office. It took me an hour to make my dormitory deposit for next year. Have you made yours yet? W: No, I'm not sure I'm going to. M: There's not much time left. The deadline's May 1. That is just two weeks from now. Are you short of cash. W: No, I'm Okay. M: You'd better hurry up if you want a dorm room next September. There aren't enough rooms for every one, and first-year students have priority. W: Well, I've been thinking about living off campus. M: Have you any idea how much that would cost? There is the rent, utilities, and you'd probably need a car. W: I know it would be more expensive. I think I can handle it though. The dorm is just so noisy that I can't get anything done. Maybe my grades would be better if I had some peace and quiet in a place of my own. M: You should study in the library the way I do. Think of the money you'd save. W: I've got to think it over some more. There's still two weeks left in April. 19.What are the speakers discussing?
B.Inform the director of student housing in a letter.
C.Fill out a form in the library.
D.Maintain a high grade average.
A B C D
A
[解析] What must a person do in order to live in a university house?
[解析] 推理题。对话中男士说You'd better hurry up if you want a room next September,而从前面的对话内容(make my dormitory deposit for next year)可知男士说的hurry up指的是赶紧去交dormitory deposit,由此可知如果要住学校的房子,就要付一些钱给 housing office,因此答案选[A]。
11.
A.Both live on campus:
B.Both live off campus.
C.The man lives on campus; the woman lives off campus.
D.The woman lives on campus; the man lives on campus.
[解析] 23-25 M: Excuse me. Are you going to buy concert tickets? W: Yes, I am. So are all these people in front of me. M: Have you been here long? W: About 45 minutes. I've moved forward a total of about 3 feet in that time. M: You are kidding. W: Not at all. There was a couple up ahead of me who got so disgusted they finally gave up and left. They said they'd been waiting for more than an hour. M: Terrific. Does anyone know what's causing the delay? W: If so, no one has let us know. It could be that there aren't enough people selling tickets this afternoon. Or maybe their computer is down. I'm sure the concert hasn't been cancelled. M: I just hope they don't run out of tickets before I get up there. W: That really would be annoying, wouldn't it? M: I guess I should have come before lunch. Or has it been like this all day? W: Apparently it has. In fact, before I came I tried calling to charge my tickets over the phone, just to avoid this long wait. But they are not taking phone orders, or checks, or credit cards. It's cash or nothing, and you have to come in person. M: Well, there are two more hours before the tickets of rice closes. Tickets for a good concert are worth waiting for. So I think I'll just make myself comfortable. 23.What is the woman's attitude toward what's happening?
[解析] 态度题。此题考查女士对what's happening的态度。从buy concert tickets和all these people in front of me可以判断what's happening就是排队买票的situation。女士说自己等了45 minutes,之后又补充说a couple....finally gave up and left,这些都说明她为了买到tickets而情愿等候。选项[D]...resigned to the situation“顺从这种情形”符合题干要求。
14.
A.By writing a personal check.
B.By changing them to their personal account.
C.By paying in cash.
D.By using a store credit card.
A B C D
C
[解析] How are people expected to purchase their tickets?
[解析] 细节题。预览选项可知此题考查的是付款方式。女士最后说,they are not taking phone orders,or checks,or credit cards.It's cash or nothing,...。这就说明除了cash“现金”,其他方式都不行,因此选[C]。选项[B]中的charge... to one's account意为“把...记在某人帐上,赊购”。
15.
A.Stay where he is.
B.Go home to telephone the order.
C.Try to get the tickets elsewhere.
D.Return after lunch.
A B C D
A
[解析] What will the man probably do next?
[解析] 推理题。男士在对话结束时说“Tickets for a good concert are worth waiting for”。既然他认为买票看一场好的音乐会是值得等待的,那么他肯定会等下去,即选项[A]。
Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. Af- ter you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
B.Some Americans blame China for the trade imbalance.
C.Some Americans blame Japanese for the trade imbalance and loss of jobs.
D.Americans think that they lost their jobs because Asian-Americans have taken the job places.
A B C D
C
[解析] 26-28 More and more people are immigrating into the United States. The growing numbers of new immigrants have caused some tensions. Asian-Americans are concerned a- bout a number of anti Asian incidents in the last five years. Some of the incidents involved racial insults. Some involved violence. The United States Civil Rights Commission reported last autumn that anti-Asian violence is a national problem. Social experts say some Americans are looking for someone to blame for the country's economic problems. These people believe Japan is responsible for the trade imbalance and loss of industrial jobs. So they blame anyone who, to them, looks like Japanese... or simply Asian. This feeling is strongest, experts say, among poorer Americans who are struggling for survival. Partly because of this problem, Asian-Americans are becoming more politically active. They are speaking out against anti-Asian violence and against policies based on anti-Asian feelings. Traditionally, Asians have taken little part in politics in the United States. They put their energy into hard work and taking care of their families. Now, a movement for more political power has begun. Asian-American politicians say the reason is mainly the desire for political representation. They say all Asian Americans do not share the same political goals, but share a desire to end all forms of racism. These political leaders would like to see more Asian-Americans in political life. California politician Jule Tang believes that Asian-Americans will become a united political force with their own elected officials. Ms. Tang says, "Asians want to be really part of the American system." 26.According to social experts,what is the reason for anti-Asian incidents?
[解析] 细节题。四个选项都与一些美国人看待其他民族有关,而look down upon和blame等都暗示文章讲的是出现的问题。短文的第一句提到了immigrating,下面可能就是移民带来的问题,接下来的tension验证了这种猜测。既然有了问题,一般就会有问题的表现形式;原因和解决方法。录音中提到social experts认为一些美国人认为Japan应该对美国的trade imbalance和loss of industrial jobs负责。后面的so一词正是体现了因果关系。
2.
A.They try very hard to save money.
B.They take part in the movement for more power.
C.They put more of their energy into their business.
D.They pay more attention to taking care of their families.
A B C D
B
[解析] According to the passage,what do Asian-Americans currently do?
[解析] 细节题。面对种族歧视,亚裔美国人展开运动,要求获得more political power。其他选项或是亚裔美国人的传统做法,或是未提及。
3.
A.They want to be more powerful than other American minorities.
B.They want to gain more economic benefits.
C.They want to be united into a new political force.
D.They want to be absorbed into American culture.
A B C D
D
[解析] Why fire more Asian-Americans taking an interest in polities?
[解析] 细节题。亚裔美国人的政治热情源于end all forms of racism并成为part of the American system的渴望。选项[D]与末句同义。
Passage Two Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
[解析] If you are a college student, there are several things you should know about renting an apartment. First, you must know how to look for a place to live. Friends, teachers, and other people you meet may know of apartments that are available. You may also find a place to live by looking in the campus or city newspapers. In some towns, there are rental agencies that can help you find an apartment, but think carefully about using agencies. Usually they will charge you a fee. You should also walk around and look for buildings with For Rent signs. When you go to look at apartments to rent, there are several things you ought to do. First, you should find out if the apartment is safe. Be sure there are good locks on all the windows and doors. It is also a good idea to check all the appliances as well as the water and electricity to be sure everything is working. It might also be a good idea to talk to other people who rent apartments in the same building. This will help you to find out if there are any problems. If you decide to rent an apartment, the landlord will probably want you to sign a lease. This is a legal contract, and you ought to read it carefully. You will also need to pay a security deposit. If there is no damage, the landlord has to return this money to you when you leave. 29. How many ways of finding apartments are mentioned in this talk?
[解析] 推理题。四个选项都是数字,因此在听录音的过程中要注意捕捉与数字有关的信息。解答此题的关键是对罗列的细节(Friends, teachers,and other people...)进行辨认推断 (Three)。
5.
A.Walk around the apartment for dangerous signs.
B.Check the water and electricity to see if they are working.
C.Make sure there are good locks on all the windows and doors.
D.Talk to other people who rent apartments in the same building.
A B C D
C
[解析] What does the speaker advise you to do to make sure the apartment is safe?
[解析] 细节题。四个选项都是动词短语,因此可以判断此题询问的与做事情有关。解答此题的关键是从上下文的衔接(...is safe.Be sure there are good locks on all the windows and doors)中推导出它们之间的关系。
6.
A.Deposit some money in a bank.
B.Read the lease carefully and sign it.
C.Ask the landlord for a damage deposit.
D.Sign the contract and pay a security deposit.
A B C D
D
[解析] What should you do if you decide to rent an apartment?
[解析] 细节题。四个选项都是动词短语,因此可以判断此题询问的与做事情有关。解答此题的关键是理解同义表达间的转述(sign a lease≈Sign the contract)和注意原文的信息再现(pay a security deposit)。
Passage Three Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
A.The advantages of traditional surveying methods.
B.Using satellites to communicate with mountain climbers.
C.Obtaining new information about a mountain.
D.Controlling satellites from the top of a mountain.
A B C D
C
[解析] 32-35 Not, long ago, some of you may have read about the team of mountain climbing scientists who helped to recalculate the elevation of the highest mountain in the world, Mount Everest. Of course the elevation of Mount Everest was determined many years ago using traditional surveying methods. But these scientists wanted to make a more pre else measurement, using a new method that takes advantage of recent advances in technology; it's called the Global Positioning System. The Global Positioning System uses 24 satellites that circle the earth. Each of the satellites is constantly sending out signals, and each signal contains important information that can be used to determine the longitude, latitude and elevation at any point on the earth’s surface. Well in order to use the system to calculate a mount of Everest's elevation, scientists need to put a special receiver on the summit to receive signals from the satellites. The problem with this was that in the past, the receivers were much too heavy for climbers to carry. But now these receivers have been reduced to about the size and weight of a hand held telephone, so climbers were able to take the receiver to the top of the Everest, and from there, to access the satellite system signals that would allow them to determine the precise elevation. And it turns out that the famous peak is actually a few feet higher than us previously thought. 32.What is the talk mainly about?
[解析] 主旨题。解答此题的关键是把具体复杂的表达(recalculate the elevation of the highest mountain)转换成简单概括的表达(Obtaining new information about a mountain)。
8.
A.To indicate how climbers communicated.
B.To show that climbers enjoyed many comforts.
C.To show that modern telephones work at high altitudes.
D.To emphasize how small some equipment had become.
A B C D
D
[解析] Why does the speaker mention a hand-held telephone?
[解析] 推理题。解答此题的关键是通过和过去的落后进行对比(in the past...much too heavy.But now...have been reduced to...)推导出对现在进步的肯定(emphasize how small)。
9.
A.Detailed maps from previous studies.
B.Recent advances in technology.
C.Plenty of funding for the study.
D.Experience carrying heavy loads up mountains.
A B C D
B
[解析] According to the talk,what probably contributed most to the success of the new study of Mount Everest?
[解析] 细节题。解答此题的关键是原文 (takes advantage of recent advances in technology)在选项中的再现(Recent advances in technology)。
10.
A.To carry information that would help determine elevation.
B.To provide accurate weather reports.
C.To relay information from scientists around the world.
D.To indicate which route the mountain climbers should take.
A B C D
A
[解析] In the study described,how were satellite signals used?
[解析] 细节题。解答此题的关键是把原文(contains important information that can be used to determine the longitude,latitude and elevation)进行概括(carry information that would help determine elevation)。
Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. After retiring from 30 years of teaching, Ethbell Pepper could easily have decided to sit back and 1 and enjoy a peaceful 2 . But that kind of life is not for Ethbell pepper. "I just wanted to do something 3 . If you are going to 4 in life, do it. Don't just sit down and look out the window," said she. At 68, she decided to become one of the 5 participants in a program at the University of California; The program offers 6 housing and classes to people over sixty. She 7 up for a class called Human Relationships and 8 Society. "I taught my minority students in my English and drama classes in a high school for 20 years. But in this course, I found out a lot about other cultures I didn't know then. 9 ." Older adults can add to the educational resources of the university by bringing with them a lot of valuable experience. 10 . Young students may have fears of growing older. But 11 . The younger students can begin to see aging as a natural part of living.
意为“退休”。sit back and relax and enjoy本来是Ethbell Pepper可以在retiring之后很容易就决定去做的事情。此处,retirement是retiring的复现,只不过词性发生变化,enjoy a peaceful retirement有“安享晚年”之意。
3.
different
意为“有差异的,不同的”。此空前的But that kind of life is not for Ethbell Pepper.表示“但这种生活不适合Ethbell Pepper”,可见,Ethbell Pepper是想过跟以前不一样的生活,因此填different。
4.
participate
意为“参与”。这句话的主句是do it而If引导的是条件状语从句。从句中要求填入谓语动词,而且可以和介词in搭配。下句话中的just sit down and look out the window和上文sit back and relax and enjoy a peaceful retirement相照应,但是和do it、_______ in life相对立。
这句话的宾语是a class,所填词和up for共同构成谓语。sign up for sth./sign up to do sth.意为“报名参加...”,其同义词组是enroll in sth.。
8.
Diverse
意为“不同的”。首先注意,所填词是专有名词词组中的一个词,它修饰Society,是个实词,因此首字母要大写。下一句话是Ethbell Pepper的陈述,她说this course的内容涉及“a lot about other cultures”,cultures和 Society照应,那么所填词应该含有“多样”的意思。
9.
One of the most important lessons that I'm learning is to perceive, not to judge
[解析] One of the most important lessons is to perceive, not to judge
10.
Their presence on campus helps break some of long beliefs about aging
[解析] Their presence on campus helps break the beliefs about aging
11.
that kind of fear can be reduced when older people can be active, healthy, and continue to contribute to society
[解析] that kind of fear can be reduced when older people can be healthy and contribute to society
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Specialists call the feelings which people experience when they come to a new environment culture shock. Where are three stages of culture shock. In the first stage, the 1 like their environment. Then, when the newness 2 off, they begin to hate the country, the people, the apartment, and everything else in the new culture. In the final stage, the newcomers begin to 3 to their surroundings and, as a result, enjoy their life more. Some of the factors in culture shock are obvious. Maybe the customs are different; perhaps the weather is 4 ; perhaps the public service system such as the telephone and transportation are difficult to 5 out and you make mistakes. If you don't look similar to the 6 , you may feel strange. You may feel everyone is watching you, but in fact, you are always watching yourself. You are 7 . Culture shock 8 a feeling of disorientation (迷失方向). When people feel the disorientation of culture shock, they sometimes feel like staying inside their apartment all the time. This 9 does solve the problem of culture shock for the short term, but it does nothing to familiarize the person with the culture. Familiarity and 10 are the long-term solutions to the problem of culture shock. A. escape I) visitors B. natives J) foreigners C. unpleasant K) wears D. newcomers L) unfamiliar E. solution M) adjust F. figure N) self-conscious G. experience O) produces H) experiment
1.
D
2.
K
3.
M
4.
C
5.
F
6.
B
7.
N
8.
O
9.
A
10.
G
Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
Passage One The most exciting kind of education is also the most personal. Nothing can exceed the joy of discovering for yourself something that is important to you! It may be an idea or a bit of information you come across accidentally -- or a sudden insight, fitting together pieces of information or working through a problem. Such personal encounters are the "payoff" in education. A teacher may direct you to learning and even encourage you in it -- but no teacher can make the excitement or the joy happen. That's up to you. A research paper, assigned in a course and perhaps checked at various stages by an instructor, leads you beyond classrooms, beyond the texts for classes and into a process where the joy of discovery and learning can come to you many times. Preparing the research paper is an active and individual process, and ideal learning process. It provides a structure within which you can make exciting discoveries of knowledge and of self, which are basic to education. But the research paper also gives you a chance to individualize a school assignment, to suit a piece of work to your own interests and abilities, to show others what you can do. Writing a research paper is more than just a classroom exercise. It is an experience in searching out, understanding and composing, which forms the basis of many skills applicable to both academic and nonacademic tasks. It is, in the fullest sense, a discovering, an education. So, to produce a good research paper is both a useful and a thoroughly satisfying experience! To some, the thought of having to write an assigned number of pages, often more than ever produced before, is disconcerting. To others, the very idea of having to work independently is threatening. But these is no need to approach the research paper assignment with anxiety, and nobody should view the research paper as an obstacle to overcome. Instead, consider it a goal to accomplish, a goal within reach if you use the help this book can give you.
1. According to the writer, personal discoveries ______.
A.will give you one encouragement and direction
B.are helpful in finding the right information
C.are the most valuable part of one's personal education
D.will help one to successfully complete school assignments
A B C D
C
推断题。参见第一段第一、二句:The most exciting kind of education...that is important to you!(最令人激动的教育也是最个性化的,没有比自己去发现重要的东西更快乐的事了!)第一段第四句:Such personal encounters are the “payoff” in education.(这些个人知识际遇就是教育中的回报。)由exciting、joy、payoff等词可推知作者认为个人的知识发现是教育中最有价值的部分。
2. It can be inferred from the passage that writing a research paper gives one chances ______.
A.to fully develop one's personal abilities
B.to use the skills learnt in the classroom
C.to prove that one is a productive writer
D.to demonstrate how well one can accomplish school assignment
A B C D
A
推断题。参见第二段第四句:But the research paper also gives you a chance to...show others what you can do.(但是写论文还给你提供机会去将学校作业个性化,使一份作业适合你的兴趣与能力,向别人显示你能做些什么。)
3. From the context, the underlined word "disconcerting" in paragraph 3 most likely means ______.
B.one should trust one's own ability to meet course requirements
C.one should consider research paper writing a pleasure, not a burden
D.one should use all one's knowledge and skills when doing research
A B C D
C
全文主旨题。参见第二段最后一句:So,to produce a good research paper is both a useful and a thoroughly satisfying experience!(因此,写一篇优秀研究论文是一种既有益又完全令人满足的经历!)第三段第三句:But these is no need to approach the research paper assignment...an obstacle to overcome.(但是没必要以焦虑情绪对待论文作业,也不应该将论文看做一种有待克服的障碍。)
5. What will probably follow this passage?
A.How to write a research paper.
B.The importance of research in education.
C.How to make new discoveries for oneself.
D.The skill of putting pieces of information together.
A B C D
A
推理题。参见最后一段最后一句:...consider it a goal to accomplish,a goal within reach if you use the help this book can give you.(将论文看做一种可完成的目标,只要使用这本书提供的帮助指导,写论文的目标便可实现。)由此可推知下文作者将具体指导如何写论文。
Passage Two How exactly, does science work? How do scientists go about doing science? Ordinarily we think science proceeds in a straight-forward way. Ideally scientists make observations, formulate hypotheses (假设), and test those hypotheses by making further observations. When there is difference between what is observed and what is predicted by the hypothesis, the hypothesis is revised. Science proceeds in this way, which is a gradual method of finding the best fit between observation and prediction. But this idealized version of how one does science is naive. Although science demands proof that observations made by one observer be observable by other observers using the same methods, it is by no means dear that, even when confronted with identical phenomena, different observers will report identical observations. And it is most certain that, even if the same observations are made, the conclusions as to the meaning of the observations frequently differ. The fact is that all of us, scientists included, see differently. Variations in human perception are well known and have been studied extensively. Alterations in perception are frequently seen among observers, even though they may be in identical settings viewing identical phenomena. A documented misconception from history can be found in the experience of Darwin. His ship, Beagle, after anchoring off the Patagonian coast, sent off a landing party in small rowboats. Amazingly, the Patagonian natives watching from shore were blind to the Beagle, but could easily see the tiny rowboats! They had no prior experience of huge sailing ships, but small rowing vessels were an everyday part of their life. Rowboats fit their model of the world and huge ships did not. Their model determined their perceptions. Our idea that science proceeds on an utterly objective and straightforward basis ignores the distortions (歪曲) of reality imposed by our own perceptual apparatus. In many cases we see what we have been trained to see, what we are used to seeing. If a subject is fitted with special glasses that are designed to invert.(颠倒) the visual field, at first the subject sees everything upside down. After a period of time, as the glasses continue to be worn, a correction is made by our perceptual mechanism and the image is flipped, so that the world once again appears erect.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A.The research methods used by scientists.
B.Observation and human perception variation.
C.The relation between hypothesis and observation.
D.The human perceptual mechanism.
A B C D
B
全文主旨题。本文主要讨论由于人类知觉与经验的差异,不同的人对同样的事物会做出不同的观察与结论。
2. According to the author, the distortions of reality ______.
A.are related to the methods of observation
B.can never be avoided
C.are caused by human perceptual mechanism
D.can easily be corrected
A B C D
C
事实归纳题。参见第三段第二句:Variations in human perception are well known...(人类知觉的差异众所周知,对此已有广泛的研究。)根据最后一段第一句可知,对现实的歪曲是由于我们自身的知觉器官强加造成的(the distortions of reality imposed by our own perceptual apparatus)。
3. Which of the following can NOT be concluded from paragraph 2 and 3?
A.When people face the same phenomena, they will have the same observations.
B.Variations in observation and conclusion are related to human perception.
C.People using the same methods of observation can still make different observations.
D.People often reach different conclusions even when they make the same observations.
A B C D
A
细节题。参见第二段第二句:Although science demands proof that...report identical observations.(尽管科学要求有证据表明某位观测者所观察到的东西也能为其他采用同种方式的观测者所观察到,但针对同一现象,不同的观察者是否会作出同样的观测,这一点还不是很清楚。)第三段第一句:The fact is that all of us,scientists included,see differently.(事实上,我们所有人,包括科学家在内,对同样事物有不同的看法)。
4. The Patagonian natives couldn't see the Beagle because ______.
A.they had not much experience in building such a model of ship
B.it was too familiar to attract their attention
C.it was too far away from the coast
D.they had never met with big sailing ships like that before
A B C D
D
细节题。参见第四段最后三句:They had no prior experience of huge sailing ships... Their model determined their perceptions.(他们以前从未亲眼见过大型帆船,但小划船则是他们日常生活的一部分。划船符合他们的世界模式而帆船则不。他们的世界模式决定了他们对事物的观察结果。)
5. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that human perceptual mechanism ______.
A.can never be changed
B.provides objective and straightforward way for observation
C.can provide some sort of correction on the basis of experience
Part Ⅴ Error Correction Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. If you change a word cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (—) in the blank. Our ape-men forefathers had no obvious natural weapons in the struggle for survival in the strong claws of the big cats. They had neither the powerful teeth nor the strong claws, and could not rival with the bear, whose strength and speed provided an impressively "small-fire" weaponry. 67. ______. They could not even defend themselves by running swiftly like horses. If the ape-men attempted to compete on those terms in the open, they would have 68. ______. been doomed to failure and extinction. But they were born with enormous concealing 69. ______. advantages of a kind not possessed by any of its competitors. 70. ______. In the search for the pickings of the forest, the ape-men were developed 71. ______. efficient short-distance vision and a sense of color that the animals of the grasslands did not possess. The ability to see dearly at dose range permitted them to study practical problems in a way that lay far from the reach of 72. ______. original inhabitants of the grassland. Good long-distance sight was another matter. Lack of short-distance vision had not been a problem for forest- 73. ______. dwelling apes and monkeys because of the higher the viewpoint, the greater 74. ______. the range of sight. So everything they had to do was climb a tree. But out 75. ______. in the open this simple solution was available. Climbing a hill would have 76. ______. helped, but in many places the ground was flat. The ape-men had only 77. ______. possible solution. They stood up on their hind limbs (后肢) and began to walk upright.