Part Ⅰ Writing Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Taking Care of the Old. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below in Chinese:
(1) Aging is becoming a global issue. The development of medical technology (2) makes it possible for people to live longer than in the past. And taking care of the old has become a major concern for all (3) that live in an aging society. (4) As undergraduates, what should we do for the old? (5) First of all, we can begin from (6) caring for our elder relatives. It's helpful that we visit our aging grandparents regularly, take them out for a walk and talk about the old days. (5) What's more, it is a good idea to fill our spare time working as volunteers to (7) look after the elder at nursing homes. (5) Last but not least, we may join the effort with our knowledge in constructing an elderly caring system with the integration of families, communities, welfare institutions and governments. (8) There is no doubt that taking care of the old is a demanding and time-consuming task. (9) However, the living condition of senior citizens reflects a nation's living standard and social morals. More importantly, living with the elder and caring for them is a rewarding experience.
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-4, mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 5-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
New Hopes for Preventing AIDS
The success of anti-retroviral (抑止肿瘤病毒) drugs in treating HIV is getting researchers at the 16th International AIDS conference excited at the prospect that the potent medicines might be exploited to perform double duty. Why not use the power of these ARVs to prevent an HIV transmission or infection from taking hold in the first place? Bill and Melinda Gates asked that provocative question on the opening day of the conference, and are committing their considerable financial resources toward finding an answer. In their remarks, they highlighted the need to develop microbicides and oral-prevention drugs while we wait for a vaccine. And they will get their first hint at how smart their decision was this Thursday, when scientists from West Africa report the initial results from the first trial studying an oral prevention drug. So how realistic are the Gates in expecting even more from the ARVs? "I do think the range of prevention options we have within the next decade will greatly expand," says Dr. Helene Gayle, President of Care USA and co-chair of the conference. "The biologic plausibility for both microbicides and oral-prevention drags is so great." Dr. Mark Dybul, U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator, said that if a microbicide or prevention drug becomes available to protect people from infections, they would be funded under the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief if countries chose to use them. "We would support all of that; it would be perfectly within our mandate to do all that," he told TIME. Preventing HIV is the only way to keep the number of new infections that occur each year -- 4 million -- from growing. And yet prevention strategies, always the ugly stepsister to treatment programs, have not really taken hold in the developing nations where the rate of infection is highest. An effective vaccine, of course, is the ultimate prevention weapon, but as the Gates' pointed out, an HIV shot is still a long way off. In the meantime, microbicides could be one way to co-opt ARVs into the prevention war; these are chemical compounds, usually in the form of a gel or cream, that women can use vaginally prior to intercourse to stop the transmission of HIV -- it's the same idea behind spermicides (杀精子剂), which are chemical barriers to sperm entering the vagina and causing pregnancy. It's an elegantly simple approach, made even simpler by the fact that researchers didn't really have to start from scratch to come up with new anti-HIV compounds; they already have them in the ARVs, which now interrupt the virus from infecting cells at various points in its life cycle. The key difference is that in a microbicide, the drugs are being used in healthy people rather than in those infected with HIV. When ARVs are used for treatment, both doctors and patients are willing to tolerate a higher level of side effects -- after all, if the choice is between dying from HIV-AIDS and side effects, most patients opt for the latter. If the drugs are to be used to prevent infection, however, everything changes; understandably, healthy people aren't as likely to accept the same level of side effects and toxicities as those already infected. That's why clinical trials are so significant. So far, there are 30 to 40 different microbicide candidates being tested in animals, and five trials in Ghana, Nigeria and other developing nations at the most advanced stages of testing in women. Dr. Gita Ramjee, of the HIV Prevention Research Unit in Durban, South Africa, has worked with all five, and is hopeful that they will prove effective and make an impact on the disease. Because these latest microbicides are reformulated ARVs, however, the problem of the virus becoming resistant to them is a potential drawback. Dr. Peter Plot, of UNAIDS, suggests basing microbicides only on the drugs do not make it through the pharmaceutical pipeline many are rejected because they don't maintain high enough levels in the blood to treat an HIV infection, but could be sufficiently powerful to prevent transmission. But Zeda Rosenberg, CEO of International Partnership for Microbicides, which has sponsored a number of the trims, believes that since microbicides aren't designed to enter the bloodstream and suppress HIV there, resistance won't be as huge a hurdle as it is for ARVs used in treatment. "The studies so far, with most of the ARV products, suggest very low levels of systemic absorption," she says. "It may be that there is insufficient absorption to select for resistance. But we won't know that answer until we do the efficacy trials." The first of these results, from Nigeria, will be released in September 2007. Even if they prove to be effective, Ramjee and others stress that microbicides -- whether they come in the form of a gel or cream applied before intercourse, or as part of a delayed release ring inserted into the cervix that can provide the drug for anywhere from 30 to 90 days -- are not a physical barrier to HIV. At best, microbicides may be 80% effective in preventing the transmission of the virus during intercourse. To improve the chances that the virus doesn't slip by, however, there is always the possibility of combining the ARVs, in the same Way that doctors currently do to treat infected patients. On the ground, however, Ramjee noted that it's sometimes hard to keep patients enrolled. Not only do women often face opposition from their male partners to using the microbicide, there is the reality that many of the women enrolled end up getting pregnant, and as a result, have to drop out. (The trial sponsors, including USAID, NIIH and the Gates Foundation, do continue to provide family planning and other pre and post natal services to these women, if they choose to use them. ) Even more tantalizing (让人着急的) than the microbicides is the idea of taking a pill before intercourse or other high-risk behavior, and thereby becoming protected from HIV. Drugs for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEPs = Prevention of or protective treatment for disease) were born from the success of programs that prevent mother-to-child transmission; since ARVs given to women pre-and-post-delivery are effective in reducing the transmission of HIV to the child, and using ARVs before exposure to HIV have the same effect in protecting partners. Five trials, all involving two compounds, Tenofovir or Truvada, are now underway in Thailand, Botswana, Peru, West Africa and even the U.S. It's being tested in groups at highest risk of transmitting the virus-commercial sex workers and gay men. "What you want is a high level of ARV in the blood and body secretions, so that when you are exposed to HIV, the ARV will kill the virus," explains Dr. Peter Plot, director of UNAIDS. "Because at infection, the number of virus particles is very, very small, so you can inhibit or kill them before they penetrate cells or just at the early phases of infection." Piot, however, notes that if PrEPs prove effective, they will create a number of thorny ethical issues: How will use of the drug be monitored? Could it become a "party" drug or a Viagra-like crutch that people erroneously believe will provide them with absolute protection? "We'll need a lot of behavioral research, which I think should be initiated as soon as possible," he says. "Particularly when it looks like PrEP will become a reality." Resistance is a key issue with PrEP as well, and if effective PrEP drugs are used widely, the problem of resistant HIV expands rapidly. "We need to be better about looking at what public health strategy we should use for ARVs," says Gayle. "There are a lot of potential pitfalls, but our commitment has to be to make options available, develop options that are safe and effective, so they can be used by people who need them the most, and at the same time make sure we have policies so they are used in the safest way possible from a public health perspective."
1. ARVs haven't been used widely to prevent HIV transmission or infection for lack of money.
Y
[解析] ARVs；money [定位处] 首段第二、三句 [解 析] 本题涉及到ARVs的使用和费用问题，从而将答案出处定位到文章首段。读段第二、三句提到新药 ARVs之所以没有得到广泛应用是因为费用原因，题干中的for lack of money 对应文中的financial resources toward finding an answer，故答案为Y。 [设题处] 因果处设题。
2. The great biologic plausibility makes it possible to use microbicides and oral-prevention drugs to prevent HIV in the next 10 years.
Y
[解析] biologic plausibility；the next 10 years [定位处] 第二段第二；三句 [解 析] 本题定位信息是biologic plausibility和the next 10 years，从而将答案出处定位到文章第二段。该段第二句、三句提到“I do think the range of prevention options we have within the next decade will greatly expand.”says Dr. Helene... and oral prevention drugs is so great.”。题干表述正是对文中提到的因果关系的合理概述和综合，故答案为了Y。 [设题处] 引言处设题
3. Lack of prevention strategies and treatment programs makes the developing countries the largest in the number of HIV infection.
NG
[解析] the developing countries [定位处] 第三段第二句 [解 析] 本题定位信息是the developing countries，从而将答案出处定位到文章第三段。该段第二句提到And yet... have not really taken hold in the developing nations where the rate of infection is highest，由此可知prevention strategies和treatment programs 的缺乏使发展中国家感染AIDS的比例最高，但文中并没有提到人数最多。故题干中的the largest in the number在文中找不到依据，故答案为NG。 [设题处] 定语从句处设题
4. Virtually all patients choose to tolerate side effects when confronted with the choice between dying from HIV-AIDS and side effects.
N
[解析] all patients；tolerate [定位处] 第四段第二句 [解 析] 本题定位信息是all patients和tolerate，从而将答案出处定位到文章第四段。该段第二句中提到... tolerate a higher level of side effects—after all．if the choice is between dying from HIV-AIDS and side effects，most patients opt for the latter。题干中的all patients 与文中的most patients 矛盾，故答案为N。 [设题处] 破折号处设题
5. According to Dr. Peter Diot, ______ could be powerful enough to prevent HIV transmission.
microbicides
[解析] Dr.Peter Diot [定位处] 第五段末句 [解 析] 本题定位信息是Dr.Peter Diot，从而将答案出处定位到文章第五段。该段末句提到Dr．Peter Piot，of UNAIDS，suggests... but could be sufficiently powerful to prevent transmission。由此可知答案为microbicides。 [设题处] 转折处设题
6. Zeda Rosenberg has an assumption that the latest microbicides don't cause many side effects by reason that the body system ______.
8. Both mother-to-child transmission and partner-to-partner transmission can be prevented or protected effectively by drugs for ______.
pre-exposure prophylaxis
[解析] mother-to-child transmission；partner-to-partner transmission [定位处] 第八段第二句 [解 析] 本题涉及到艾滋病的传播方式．从而将答案出处定位到文章第八段。该段第二句提到Drugs for pre-exposure prophylaxis... HIV have the same effect in protecting partners。由此可知本题应填入pre-exposure prophylaxis。 [设题处] 细节处设题
9. Dr. Peter Diot believes that it may be effective to use ARVs to ______.
protect partners from AIDS
[解析] Dr. Peter Diot；ARVs [定位处] 第八段 [解 析] 本题定位信息是Dr. Peter Diot 和ARVs，从而将答案出处定位到文章第八段。该段介绍了一组将ARVs用于防止艾滋病传播的试验，目的是为了证明using ARVs before exposure to HIV may have the same effect in protecting partners。Dr. Peter Diot 显然支持这种推测，根据题干语法要求，应将原文中的动名词转换为动词原形。 [设题处] 观点处设题
10. Widely using PrEPs may cause potential problems like ethical issues and ______.
resistance
[解析] potential problems [定位处] 末段首句和第五句 [解 析] 本题定位信息是potential problems，从而将答案出处定位到文章末段。该段首句提到Piot， however，notes that if PrEPs prove effective，they will create a number of thorny ethical issues；该段第五句又提到Resistance is a key issue with PrEP as well，指出了广泛使用PrEPs可能引起的另一个问题，故本题应填入resistance。 [设题处] 转折处设题
Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension
Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
B.The artist's unexpected tragedy is a great pity.
C.The artist's paintings are actually worthless.
D.People should've recognized the artist's value earlier.
A B C D
D
[解析] W: I really like Van Gore's work. I can feel a kind of uncontrollable passion in his paintings. And his masterpieces are really invaluable now. M: Yes, I know. The national museum has a collection of his paintings, but I wonder why people accepted him only after his death. Q: What does the man mean?
[解析] M: I'm sorry I missed the football game, but I had a terrible cold. W: You didn't miss anything. We couldn't have played worse. Q: What does the woman imply?
[解析] 分析选项可知，对话与足球比赛有关。男士说“真遗憾，因为感冒我错过了足球比赛。”女士回答说“你什么也没错过，我们队踢得不能再差了。”故答案为[B]。couldn't have 意为“不能再…”。
3.
A.He is very forgetful.
B.He likes to play tricks.
C.His tests are difficult.
D.It is easy to pass his course.
A B C D
C
[解析] W: Do you know anything about Prof. Smith's class? M: If you are looking for an easy course, forget it. Prof. Smith writes the trickiest exams in the department. Q: What do we learn about Prof. Smith?
D.He doesn't have enough money to buy a printer now.
A B C D
D
[解析] W: Have you saved enough money to buy that new printer for your computer yet? M: You know, money seems to be burning a hole in my pocket recently. Let's just wait and see. Maybe next month. Q: What does the man mean?
[解析] 选项表明，对话可能与男士买打印机有关。对话中男士用burning a hole in my pocket 形象地说自己花钱很多。由此可知男士没有足够的钱再买打印机，故答案为[D]。
5.
A.Fuel cannot be transported to the northeastern states.
B.There are too few houses in the northeast.
C.People in the northeast are inexperienced in dealing with snow.
D.Cold weather in the northeast has increased the demand for fuel.
A B C D
D
[解析] W: The northeast is experiencing a really terrible winter. Fuel supplies are running low and a lot of people can't even keep their houses adequately heated. M: I guess that's why fuel prices have gone up across the nation. Q: What do we know from the conversation?
D.The donkeys will carry the woman's personal items.
A B C D
C
[解析] W: I'm really looking forward to this trip with our geology class. But I'm not certain I have the strength to carry a backpack up and down the mountain, especially when it's full of tools. M: They are taking two donkeys to carry the tools. We just have to carry our personal items, the clothing and sleeping bags. Q: What does the man mean?
[解析] W: I still can't get over the show last Saturday evening. I keep haying nightmares all night. M: So, next time before you walk into a theatre, make sure what you are going to see. I don't want to hear your complaints again and it is kind of wasting money, too. Q: What can we infer from this conversation?
[解析] W: Why are you so tired and upset? M: I've been taking the history course this term. But the trouble is that I'll never get through the reading list. Q: Why is the man worried?
[解析] 19-22 W: Interested in this book? This is our best seller this week. M: Best seller? I am considering what new ideas it gives about how to deal with the aggravating people. W: It asks people to quit complaining and do something. What surprises many people about this book is it suggests that the best thing to do is to change yourself because you am not going to change the other person. M: Really? It's "me" that has to change as opposed to the other person? W: Well, have you ever changed anybody? M: I've tried many times. It's not really possible though. W: That's right. M: But how can I do that? W: The book is here. Bring it back home and read it and you can find the answer. M: Before I pay my money I should be clear that this book is useful for me. I don't want to pay for it and then find I have paid for nothing. W: This book is definitely worth the money. The book even tells you how to deal with different types of workers, coworkers and bosses, from the most common annoying type to the worst kind. M: Give me the most common annoying type of coworker. W: The most common annoying type of coworkers is called "boundary busters". So, it's someone who invades your space, makes too much noise, eats up your time or chews your ear off. They are boundary busters. M: And how do I deal with them? W: Again, sir, the book is here. Bring it back and read for the answer. M: It seems you know a lot about this book. Can I draw the conclusion that you fancy it? W: Well, frankly, I am the author. 19．What do we learn about the woman?
[解析] 对话中女士频频劝男士把书买回家好好读，最后提到I am the author，因此推断她在推销自己的书，故[C]为答案。
10.
A.It has been the bestseller for weeks.
B.It advises people to change themselves.
C.It is being sold at a very low price.
D.It distinguishes co-operators.
A B C D
B
[解析] What is surprising about the book the woman recommends?
[解析] 根据听前预测可知，选项中的it 指的是书。由对话中提到的What surprises many people about this book is it suggests that the best thing to do is to change yourself...可知，这本书最令人惊奇的是它建议人们最好是改变自己，而不是试图改变别人，故[B]为答案。
11.
A.A man careful with money.
B.A book-lover.
C.A noisy reader.
D.A trouble-maker.
A B C D
A
[解析] What kind of person is the man?
[解析] 本题考查人物性格或爱好等。对话中提到的Before I pay my money... find I have paid for nothing可推测。男士是个花钱很谨慎的人，故[A]为答案。
12.
A.Someone who always talks about himself.
B.The most violent type of coworkers.
C.Someone who stabs your back.
D.The most common annoying type of people.
A B C D
D
[解析] What is a boundary buster?
[解析] 对话中提到的The most common annoying type of coworkers is called "boundary busters" 表明[D]为答案。
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
[解析] 23-25 M: Did you feel like you need more hours from the day? Well, Good Housekeeping Magazine has some advice on how you can stop wasting time and get it all done. And here with the top ten tips, is Casslyn Forte. Hey, Carolyn, good morning! W: Good morning, Hoda. Nice to be here! M: Your No. I tip is bank online. Some people are afraid to do but you say it's something smart. W: Yeah, it is very safe. And we certainly recommend that you use your own bank's website. So go to the bank, talk to the consumer service representatives there. It's the best way to find out how safe it is and how easy... M: And how much time do you think you could save, Carolyn, by doing that? W: If you're making transfers, or checking your statements, you can save up to an hour. M: The second tip is online grocers. Now, that's really not for everyone, but you actually go grocery shopping online. W: That's exactly what you do. If you are the type of person that wants to read every label and look at every piece of fruit's probably not for you. But if you wanna give up a little control, you can definitely save some time. M: And what's the good strategy if you decide to shop online? W: What I would suggest is do the staples online. M: What do they include? W: The brands that you use all the time, the paper products, the cleaning products, the cereals -- get them online and go to the store for the meat, the produce. M: That's enlightening. 23．How can one find out the reliability of bank online?
[解析] 选项均以原形动词开头表明，本题可能考查行为活动或观点建议。根据对话中提到的so go to the bank，talk to the consumer service representatives there可知，可以去银行寻求咨询，故[B]为答案。
14.
A.The person who is addicted to the Internet.
B.The person who reads every label of the goods.
C.The person who wants to buy fruit.
D.The person who is not picky.
A B C D
D
[解析] Who CAN save time when shopping online according to the woman?
[解析] 根据对话中提到的But if you wanna give up a little control，you can definitely save some time可推测，网上购物时不挑剔的人能节省时间，故[D]为答案。
15.
A.The famous brands,
B.The cereals.
C.Books.
D.Meat.
A B C D
B
[解析] Which is the proper goods that can be shopped online?
[解析] 对话末尾提到的The brands that you use all the time，the paper products，the cleaning products，the cereals 表明[B]为答案。[A]为干扰项，文中提到的是经常使用的品牌，而不是名牌，故可排除。
Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.
A.Because some imported goods cause environmental damage.
B.Because UK wastes a lot of money importing food products.
C.Because people waste energy buying food from other countries.
D.Because growing certain vegetables cause environmental damage.
A B C D
C
[解析] 26-29 An environmental group called the Food Commission is unhappy and disappointed because of the sale of bottled water from Japan. The water is angrily argued in public, has traveled 10,000 "food miles" before it reaches Western customers. "transporting water halfway across the world is surely the extremely stupid use of fuel when there is plenty of water in the UK." It is also worried that we are wasting our fuel by buying prams from Indonesia (7,000 food miles ) and carrots from South Africa(5,900 food miles). Counting the number of miles traveled done by a product is a strange way of trying to tell the true situation of the environmental damage done by an industry. Most food is transported around the world on container ships that are extremely energy efficient. It should be noted that a ton of butter transported 25 miles in a track product transported hundreds of miles by sea. Besides, the idea of "miles" ignores the amount of fuel used in the production. It is possible to cut down your food miles by buying tomatoes grown in Britain rather than those grown in Ghana; the difference is that the British one will have been raised in heated greenhouses and the Ghanaian ones in the open sun. What the idea of "food miles" does provide, however, is the chance to cut out Third World Countries from First World food markets. The number of miles traveled by our food should, as I see it, be regarded as a sign of the success of the global trade system, not a sign of damage to the environment. 26. Why is the Food Commission angry?
[解析] 30-32 Silence is unnatural to man. He begins life with a cry and ends it in stillness. In between he does all he eau to make a noise in the world, and he fears silence mow than anything else, Even his conversation is an attempt to prevent a fearful silence. If he is introduced to another person, and is number of pauses occur in the conversation, he regards himself as a failure. He knows that ninety-nine percent of human conversation means no more than the buzzing of a fly, but he is anxious to join in the buzz and to grove that he is a man and not a waxwork figure. The aim of conversation is, for the most part, to communicate ideas: it is to keep up the buzzing sound. There are, it must be admitted, different qualities of buzz; there is even a buzz that is as annoying as the continuous noise made by a mosquito. But at a dinner party one would rather be a mosquito than a quiet person. Most buzzing, fortunately, is pleasant to the ear, and some of it is pleasant even to the mind. He would be a foolish man if he waited until he had a wise thought to take part in the buzzing with his neighbors. Those who hate to pick up the weather as a conversational opening seem to me not to know the reason why human beings wish to talk. Very few human beings join in a conversation in the hope of learning anything new. Some of them are content if they are merely allowed to go on making a noise into other people's ears. They have nothing to tell them except that they have seen two or three new plays or that they had food in a Swiss hotel. At the end of an evening, during which they have said nothing meaningful for a long lime. They just prove themselves to be successful conversationalists. 30. What is people's purpose in making conversation according to the author?
[解析] 选项均以To+ do开头表明，本题考查某人做某事的目的。问题询问的是人们谈话交流的目的。短文开头即道出目的an attempt lo prevent a fearful silence= To overcome their fear of silence，即克服对寂寞的恐惧，故答案为[D]。
6.
A.About whatever they have prepared.
B.About whatever they want to do.
C.About learning something new.
D.About getting on well.
A B C D
B
[解析] What do people usually talk to their neighbors according to the passage?
[解析] 33-35 Throughout history man has changed his physical environment in order to improve his way of life. With the tools of technology he has altered many physical features of the earth. He has transformed wood lands into farmland, and made lakes and reservoirs out of rivers for irrigation purposes or hydroelectric power. Man has also modified the face of the earth by draining marshes and cutting through mountains to build roads and railways. However, man's changes to the physical environment have not always had beneficial results. Today, pollution of the air and water is an increasing danger to the health of the planet. Each day thousands of tons of gases come out of the exhausts of motor vehicles; smoke from factories pollutes the air of industrialized areas and the surrounding areas of countryside. The air in cities is becoming increasingly unhealthy. The pollution of water is equally harmful. In the sea, pollution from oil is increasing and is killing enormous numbers of algae ( a very simple plant without stems or leaves that grows in or near water), fish and birds. The whole ecological balance of the sea is being changed. The same problem exists in rivers, Industrial wastes have already made many rivers lifeless. Conservationists believe that it is now necessary for man to limit the growth of technology in order to survive on earth. 33．What is the purpose of man has changed his physical environment?
Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. The place of the child in society has varied for thousands of years and has been affected by different cultures and religions. In ancient times unwanted children were occasionally 1 , put to death, exploited, or offered for religious sacrifices, and in any event a large percentage of them didn't 2 their physically hazardous existence to achieve maturity. In Western civilization within the last few hundred years, there have been many changes in attitude toward the young. In agricultural Europe the children of the poor worked long hours for little or no pay, and there was no public concern for their safety or welfare. Punishment could be brutal and severe, and sometimes religious 3 were expressed violently with a view toward saving the child's soul. By the eighteenth century the harsh and 4 methods began to show some changes. Society slowly 5 children a role of more importance. Books were written expressly for them and 6 laws were passed for their protection. In the past few 7 parents have become more attentive to the needs of their children. Better health care is available and education is no longer 8 for a limited few. 9 . Some' say the pendulum in child rearing has swung so far toward permissiveness that 10 The tendency today is for teachers and parents to emphasize individual responsibility and to stress that 11 .
With so many now able to go to college，many educators feel that we have too many students and too few qualified teachers
[解析] With many children now able to go to college，many educators feel that we have too many students and too few qualified teachers
10.
many children are growing up alienated from society and with no respect for law or parental authority
[解析] many children are growing up away from society and have no respect for law or parental authority
11.
educational goals for students should be aimed towards their future jobs rather than provide a generalized higher education
[解析] educational goals for students should be aimed towards their future jobs rather than offer a generalized higher education
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Section A Directions: In this Section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Halloween used to be something quite different from the celebration of sugary greed that goes on today. Earlier in this century, Halloween was a night when boys played tricks on their neighbors. These tricks were 1 , but more closely resembled practical jokes. For example, the boys might lift an outhouse off its foundations and move it to someone else's yard, or they might 2 a door from its hinge and leave it on the owner's roof. Such tricks required skill and planning, and the victims were 3 neighbors or relatives. Usually, the boys do this to knock back what the adults bad done to them which they thought wrong. Thus, Halloween became a night when young people took their " 4 " on adults in a way that was, for the most part, permitted by the community. But as time passed by, Halloween lost most of its original traditions. Today, the only remnant is found in the "trick or treat" greetings of 5 candy collectors. The action associated with the holiday has 6 into destructive behavior, such as tire-cutting and window breaking. These kinds of actions require no skill or intelligence. The small offerings -- an apple or a piece of cake which people gave in exchange for protection from practical jokes, trick or treaters never satisfied them. Instead they demand handfuls of commercial candy bars from people, many of them strangers, on the collecting route. But the most alarming and unpleasant aspect of the new Halloween is that it 7 evil-doing and food in the worst way. More criminal do some 8 things -- put pins into candy bars and razors into apple-pies which caused people to 9 this holiday to some extent. Halloween turns into an occasion of fear and nervousness. It seems that Halloween has been transformed into an event that brings out in us, not harmless fun, but a combination of eating too much, greed, and occasional 10 . A. assembles F. vicious [K] costumed B. combines G. terror [L] casually C. usually [H] trick [M] remove D. destructive [I] resent [N] exclude E. imaginative [J] revenge [O] degenerated
[解析] 此空应填一原形动词，且该动词应能与from搭配。由leave it on the owner's roof 可知，男孩子们把门从支撑的铰链上移走放到房主的屋顶上，因此应选[M] remove。[N] exclude是“把…关在外面(防止进入)”之意，用在此处语义不符。
3.
C
[解析] 本句是讲万圣节小把戏的受害者的范围。选项中的形容词都不适合修饰neighbors or relatives，所以考虑填入一个副词。usually意为“通常，大抵”，填入句中可与前文的例子相呼应，因此[C] usually为答案。[L]casually意为“偶然地，随便地”，用在此处语义不符。
4.
J
[解析] 此处应填一名词。上句中的knock back what the adults had done to them which they thought wrong是孩子们玩万圣节小把戏的原因，took their" (50) " on adults 应与“回击大人们对他们做过的那些他们认为不对的事”意义照应，因此[J]revenge“报复”为答案。
5.
K
[解析] 此处应填一形容词修饰candy collectors。上句中提到了万圣节的传统，由此不难想到万圣节里要糖果的小孩们除了“trick or treat”的把戏外，最大的特点就是身着怪异服装。因此[K]costumed为答案。[F]vicious“邪恶的”和[E]imaginative“富于想象力的”都不能用在此处修饰小孩子(candy collectors)。
6.
O
[解析] 此处应填一动词的过去分词，与has构成现在完成时。综合前文对万圣节传统的评价Such tricks required skill and planning 和后文对当前情况的评价such as tire-cutting and window breaking．These kinds of actions require no skill or intelligence进行对比可知，而今孩子们在万圣节所做的事情实际是退步了，且具有了更强的破坏性。因此应选[O]degenerated。
7.
B
[解析] 空前的it 表明此处应填一动词的单三形式。根据空后的evil-doing and food可知，所填词应含有将两者结合起来的意思。[B]combines意为“结合”，恰好符合这一要求，且其单三形式也正确。[A] assembles意为“组装 (机器)”或“召集(人或组织)”，用在此处与语义不符。
8.
F
[解析] 此处应填一形容词修饰things。所填词应与主语criminal和其后的行为put pins into candy bars and razors into apple pies 相符，应具有否定含义。[F]vicious“邪恶的”与此相符。
[解析] 此处应填一名词。本句中but表明，所填名词应和饱食(eating too much)、贪婪(greed)一样具有否定意义。[H]trick 为中性词，与此分析不符，应排除。结合短文内容可知，而今的万圣节把戏时常会让人感到恐惧，故应选[G]terror。
Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter On Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One Television has transformed politics in the United States by changing the way in which information is transmitted, by altering political campaigns, and by changing citizens patterns of response to politics. By giving citizens independent access to the candidates, television diminished the role of the political party in the selection of the major party candidates. By centering politics on the person of the candidate, television accelerated the citizen's focus on character than issues. Television has altered the forms of political communication as well. The messages on which most of us rely are briefer than they once were. The stump speech, a political speech given by traveling politicians and lasting 1.5 to 2 hours, which characterized nineteenth century political discourse, has given way to the 30-second advertisement and 10-second "sound bite (原声摘要)" in broadcast news. Increasingly the audience for speeches is not that standing in front of the politician but rather viewing audience who will hear and see a snippet (摘录) of the speech on the news. In these abbreviated (缩减的) forms, much of what constituted the traditional political discourse of earlier ages has been lost. In 15 or 30 seconds, a speaker cannot establish the historical context that shaped the issue in question, cannot detail the probable causes of the problem, and cannot examine alternative proposals to argue that one is preferable to others. In snippets, politicians assert but do not argue. Because television is an intimate medium, speaking through it required a changed political style that was more conversational, personal, and visual than that of the old-style stump speech. Reliance on television means that increasingly our political world contains memorable pictures rather than memorable words. Schools teach us to analyze words and print. However, in a world in which politics is increasingly visual, informed citizenship requires a new set of skills. Recognizing the power of television's pictures, politicians craft televisual, staged events, called pseudo events, designed to attract media coverage. Much of the political activity we see on television news has been crafted by politicians, their speechwriters, and their public relations advisers for televised consumption. Sound bites in news and answers to questions in debates increasingly sound like advertisements.
1. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
A.citizens in the United States are now more informed about political issues because of television coverage
B.citizens in the United States prefer to see politicians on television instead of in person
C.politics in the United States has become substantially more controversial since the introduction of television
D.politics in the United States has been significantly changed by television
Passage Two An Asian engineer is assigned to a US laboratory and almost suffers a nervous breakdown. A US executive tells his staff he's going to treat them fairly -- and creates dissension (纷争). A Japanese manager is promoted by his British president, but within six months asks for a transfer. Each of these real-life cases involved people who were regarded as superior employees, but were ill-equipped to cope with the complexities and dangers of intercultural management. "Multinational companies have studied everything else, now they're finally looking at culture," says Clifford Clarke, founder and president of the California-based IRI International Inc, one of a small but growing number of consulting firms that specialize in teaching business people from differing cultures how to communicate and work with each other. "Never show the sole to an Arab, never arrive on time for a party in Brazil, and in Japan, don't think 'yes' means 'yes' , advise US consultants Lennie Copland and Lewis Brown Griggs, who have produced a series of films and a book to help managers improve their international business skills. But simply learning the social "dos" and "don'ts" is not the answer, according to the new culture specialists. The penalties for ignoring different thinking patterns, they point out, can be disastrous. For example, the American manager who promised to be fair thought he was telling his Japanese staff that their hard work would be rewarded, but when some workers received higher salary increases than others, there were complaints. "You told us you'd be fair, and you lied to us," accused one salesman. "It took me a year and a half", sighed the American, "to realize that 'fair' to my staff, meant being treated equally." The Asian engineer who suffered in America was the victim of another mistaken expectation. "He was accustomed to the warm group environment so typical in Japan," said his US. manager. "But in our company, we're all expected to be self-starters, who thrive on working alone. For him, it was emotional starvation. He's made the adjustment now, but he'd be humiliated if I told you his name, That's another cultural difference." The Japanese manager who failed to respond to his promotion couldn't bring himself to use the more direct language needed to communicate with his London-based superiors. "I used to think all this talk about cultural communication was a lot of baloney," says Eugene J. Flath, president of Intel Japan Ltd., a subsidiary of the American semiconductor maker. "Now, I can see it's a real problem. Miscommunication has slowed our ability to coordinate action with our office." That's why Intel, with the help of consultant Clarke, began an intercultural training program this spring which Flath expects will dramatically reduce decision-making time now lost in making sure the Americans and the Japanese understand each other.
1. The best title for the passage would be ______.
Part Ⅴ Cloze Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Can you change your name just because you don't like it? And the answer appears to be "yes" in Virginia and "no" in New York. The Virginia 1 involved two women who wanted to take their maiden names 2 even though they were still married. The lower court in Virginia 3 their request for change of name on the 4 that Virginia law, like that of many states, allowed a married woman to 5 her maiden name only after she was divorced. But the Virginia Supreme Court 6 the lower court saying that there was nothing in the law 7 indicated that a name could only be changed after 8 . The court then pointed out that 9 the common law, a person is free to adopt a new name as 10 as it's not for a fraudulent purpose or to cheat creditors. 11 you live in New York, however, you 12 well have a more difficult time changing your name. A woman named Copperman went to 13 to have her name changed to Copperperson. She explained that she believed in the feminist 14 and felt that the name Copperperson could more properly 15 her sense of human equality than could the name Copperman. 16 New York Supreme Court Justice John Scileppi did not agree with her reasoning and refused to 17 the change-of-name request. He wrote that "the possibilities are 18 endless and this would truly be 19 the realm of nonsense." So Miss Copperman, 20 she gets married, or move to Virginia.
[解析] 结构衔接题。此句的句架为：the Virginia Supreme Court reversed the lower court...。第一个that引导宾语从句；indicated 引导that宾语从句；此空也需填一关系代词引导定语从句修饰nothing，句中的nothing决定此处只能填that，故答案为[A]。
Part Ⅵ Translation Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.
1. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, ______________________ (恐怕早就失去了所有价值) by the time they were finished.
would have lost all practical value
[解析] 本题考查对虚拟语气用法的掌握以及对插入语的理解。had they been done by hand 是一个省略了连词if的倒装虚拟条件句(正常语序为if they had been done by band)，并作为插入语放在了主句主语和谓语动词之间，从句谓语采用的是had done的形式，那么主句谓语则应采用would have done 的形式。
2. The court ruling ______________________ (剥夺了他的政治权利).
deprived him of political rights
[解析] 本题考查对固定结构deprive sb. of sth. 的掌握；deprive sb. of sth. 意为“剥夺某人某物”。“政治权利”常用 political rights表达。court ruling意为“法庭的判决”。
3. ______________________ (每当遇到这类问题时), my mind goes blank, and I can hardly remember my own date of birth.
When confronted with such questions
[解析] 本题考查对短语be confronted with 的掌握。be confronted with sb. /sth.表示“面对、面临某人或某物”。题干中的go blank表示“(思想或大脑)变得空白、呆滞”。
4. Many drivers think it necessary that the government ______________________ (制定更严格的交通规则).
lay down stricter traffic rules
[解析] 本题考查对虚拟语气及短语lay down 用法的掌握。有些表示重要性、必要性或某种意愿的形容词如essential， important，necessary, imperative，advisable，desirable 等，后面接that引导的名词性从句时，从句的谓语动词用should do的形式，should常省略。本句中that引导的是宾语从句，形容词necessary 充当宾补。lay down 在这里表示“制定”。
5. The chief reason for the population growth is ______________________ (与其说是出生率的上升，还不如说是死亡率的下降).
not so much a rise in birth rates as a fall in death rates 或 more a fall in death rates than a rise in birth rates
[解析] 本题考查对“与其说是…，不如说是…”的结构及含义的掌握。”not so much... as ...”和“more...than...”都可以表示“与其说是…．不如说是…”。“出生率的上升”可用a rise in birth rates 表达，“死亡率的下降”可用a fall in death rates表达。
深色：已答题 浅色：未答题