B

主要考查的知识点为激发文艺复兴的历史事件。
文艺复兴是由一系列的历史事件激发、推动的，其中包括对古希腊罗马文化的重新发现，地理天文领域的新发现，宗教改革及经济发展。

B

主要考查的知识点为十四行诗的领导人物。
怀亚特将彼特拉克的十四行诗引进美国，而萨里引进了无韵体诗，他们共同开创了英国式的十四行诗。

A

主要考查的知识点为文艺复兴时期英国最著名的戏剧家。
文艺复兴时期英国最著名的戏剧家有莎士比亚、克里斯托夫·马洛和本·琼生。

A

本题主要考查的知识点为人们对《威尼斯商人》的评价。
今天许多人将《威尼斯商人》看作讥讽基督徒的虚伪和对友谊和爱情的错误标准，为追求世俗利益而不择手段以及对犹太人不公正的偏见。

A

D

主要考查的知识点为启蒙运动。
启蒙运动是进步的知识分子运动，兴盛于法国，后席卷整个西欧。这个运动是15、16世纪文艺复兴的延续与发展，其宗旨是用当代哲学与艺术思想的晨光启迪整个世界。

C

本题主要考查的知识点为小说《格列佛游记》的第三部分。
小说《格列佛游记》的第三部分主要讲了格列佛意外地来到了飞岛国。在这一部分中，斯威夫特深入地批判了西方文明及其对科学、哲学、历史甚至道德的各种错误认识，讽刺了一些人对长生不老的虚妄幻想。

A

A

主要考查的知识点为哥特式小说。
哥特式小说是浪漫主义运动的一部分。它盛行于浪漫主义前期的18世纪末。这种小说的主要题材是对暴力、恐怖及超自然力(鬼神)的描写，这些内容极能刺激读者的情绪。哥特式小说的代表作主要有安·拉得克利夫的《尤道夫之谜》、玛丽·雪利的《富兰肯斯坦》等。

B

B

本题主要考查的知识点为浪漫主义运动。
浪漫主义运动或多或少地表现出了对工业革命时期存在的社会和政治条件的否定态度。

C

C

本题主要考查的知识点为英国浪漫主义时期的代表小说家。
英国浪漫主义时期的代表小说家有简·奥斯汀与沃尔特·司各特。

B

B

主要考查的知识点为“湖畔诗人”的成员。
1799年，华兹华斯从德国回到英格兰大湖区。诗人骚塞、科勒律治也居住在同一地域，三人并称为著名的“湖畔诗人”。

B

主要考查的知识点为《我如行云独自游》一诗的文学地位。
《我如行云独自游》一诗是英国诗歌中的奇葩，把我们带入了华兹华斯诗歌宗旨的核心。

A

主要考查的知识点为雪莱的政治抒情诗。
雪莱最著名的政治抒情诗是《致英格兰人民》。

B

主要考查的知识点为雪莱的《云之歌》。
在雪莱的《云之歌》中，他塑造了人类精神的柏拉图式象征，一种美与再生的力量。

B

C

C

B

主要考查的知识点为福克纳的诺贝尔文学奖的获奖作品。
1950年，福克纳因反种族主义的作品《红尘入侵者》而获诺贝尔文学奖。

B

主要考查的知识点为哈代的“威塞克斯小说”中的怀旧情结。
在哈代的“威塞克斯小说”中有一种明显的怀旧情结——饱含深情地描写尽管落后却美丽单纯的乡村，以及对这种乡村生活随着英国进入工业时代而渐渐衰落的惆怅。

B

本题主要考查的知识点为20世纪初英国现实主义小说家的代表人物。
20世纪初英国的现实主义小说家代表有约翰·高尔斯华绥、H.G.威尔斯及阿诺得·贝奈特。

C

D

主要考查的知识点为艾略特的《荒原》。
《荒原》是艾略特最重要的独立诗篇，被誉为20世纪英国诗歌的代表与典范，可与华兹华斯的《抒情歌谣集》相媲美。

C

D

本题主要考查的知识点为劳伦斯的写作特色。
劳伦斯是首先将心理透析引入作品的小说家之一，为了表现角色的心理活动，他大量使用诗化的联想及象征主义。

B

主要考查的知识点为加尔文主义。
在霍桑、麦尔维尔以及其他一些小作家的作品中，加尔文主义的原罪思想和罪恶的神秘性都得到了充分的表现。

C

主要考查的知识点为霍桑的《胎记》。
在《胎记》中，霍桑一针见血地指出邪恶就是人类与生俱来的胎记。

B

C

C

本题主要考查的知识点为美国自然主义的产生。
达尔文的进化论对美国人思想的影响以及十九世纪法国文学对美国文学家的影响使美国产生了另一个现实主义的文学流派：美国自然主义。

A

本题主要考查的知识点为马克·吐温的笔名。
马克·吐温是萨缪尔·朗荷恩·克莱门斯的笔名。

A

本题主要考查的知识点为詹姆斯的《美国人》的内容。
詹姆斯的《美国人》讲述了一个天真的美国年轻人所面对的欧洲生活的复杂性。

B

D

A

B

主要考查的知识点为弗洛斯特的《波士顿以北》的描写内容。
《波士顿以北》被弗洛斯特称为是“一本关于人的书”，书中对新英格兰的人物及其背景写得很深刻。

C

A. William Shakespeare.
   B. Fortune.
   C. Antonio thinks Fortune is more kind toward him because Fortune is taking away both his wealth and life.

A. "I heard a Fly buzz—when I died—" by Emily Dickinson.
   B. The God of death.
   C. The relatives and friends had cried and cried so that there were no tears any more.

A. Robert Frost; The Road Not Taken.
   B. Life is here compared to a journey. The two roads stand for the choice one has to make at a critical moment in his life.
   C. Since where the road leads to is uncertain, one has to wait to see the result of the choice until one's life is coming to an end. Then it will be too late. The speaker acknowledges the limits of life, yet he indulges himself in the notion that we could be really different from what we have become, because life is unpredictable.

A. Daniel Defoe; Robinson Crusoe.
   B. Robinson is considering the measures that must be taken in his situation.

The major themes of the modernist literature are the distorted, alienated and ill relationships between man and nature, man and society, man and man, and man and himself.

A. Transcendentalism has been defined philosophically as "the recognition in man of the capacity knowing truth intuitively, or of attaining knowledge transcending the reach of the senses. "
   B. Other concepts that accompanied Transcendentalism include the idea that nature is ennobling and the idea that the individual is divine and, therefore, self-reliant.

A. Fielding has been regarded as "Father of the English Novel," for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel.
   B. Of all the eighteenth-century novelists he was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a "comic epic in prose," the first to give the modem novel its structure and style.

A. The Enlightenment Movement was a progressive intellectual movement which flourished in France and swept through the whole Western Europe at the time. The movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.
   B. Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas. The enlighteners celebrated reason or rationality, equality and science. They held that rationality or reason should be the only, the final cause of any human thought and activities.
   C. The enlighteners advocated universal education. They believed that human beings were limited, dualistic, imperfect, and yet capable of rationality and perfection through education.

A. This novel is one of the best and most popular works by Hardy. It is a fierce attack on the hypocritical morality of the bourgeois society and the capitalist invasion into the country and destruction of the English peasantry towards the end of the century.
   B. Tess, as a pure woman brought up with the traditional idea of womanly virtues, is abused and destroyed by both Alec and Angel, agents of the destructive force of the society. And the misery, the poverty and the heartfelt pain she suffers and her final tragedy give rise to a most bitter cry of protest and denunciation of the society. Of course, naturalistic tendency is also strong in the novel.
   C. In a way, Tess seems to be led to her final destruction step by step by Fate. Coincidence adds one "wrong" to another until she is caught up in a dead-end.

A. Young Goodman Brown is one of Hawthorne's most profound tales. In the manner of its concern with guilt and evil, it exemplifies what Melville called the "power of blackness" in Hawthorne's work.
   B. Its hero, a naive young man who accepts both society in general and his fellow men as individuals worth his regard, is confronted with the vision of human evil in one terrible night, and becomes thereafter distrustful and doubtful.
   C. Allegorically, our protagonist becomes an Everyman named Brown, a "young" man, who will be aged in one night by an adventure that makes everyone in this world a fallen idol.
   D. However, the story is manipulated in such a way that we as readers feel that Hawthorne poses the question of Good and Evil in man but withholds his answer, and he does not permit himself to determine whether the events of the night of trial are real or the mere figment of a dream.