Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. A narrowing of your work interests is implied in almost any transition from a study environment to managerial or professional work. In the humanities and social sciences you will at best reuse only a fraction of the material 1 in three or four years' study. In most career paths academic knowledge only 2 a background to much more applied decision-making. Even with a " training " form of degree, 3 a few of the procedures or methods 4 in your studies are likely to be continuously relevant in your work. Partly this 5 the greater specialization of most work tasks compared 6 studying. Many graduates are not 7 with the variety involved in 8 from degree study in at least four or five subjects a year to very standardized job 9 . Academic work values 10 inventiveness, originality, and the cultivation of self-realization and self-development. Emphasis is placed 11 generating new ideas and knowledge, assembling 12 information to make a " rational " decision, appreciating basic 13 and theories, and getting involved in fundamental controversies and debates. The humanistic values of higher 14 encourages the feeling of being 15 in a process with a self-developmental rhythm. 16 , even if your employers pursue enlightened personnel development 17 and invest heavily in " human capital " —for example, by rotating graduate trainees to 18 their work experiences—you are still likely to notice and feel 19 about some major restrictions of your 20 and activities compared with a study environment.
1.
A.restricted
B.covered
C.spread
D.confirmed
A B C D
B
[解析] 语义搭配题。cover意为“微盖，遮蔽；包括，涉及”，例如：(1) You should cover that meat with something to protect it from flies. (2) This leaflet covers what have iust been discussed in more detail. 原文意为：如果你学习的是人文礼会学科，在将来的工作中顶多会再用到三或四年大学学习中所学知识的一小部分，故选项[B]正确。选项[A]restrict意为“限制”，例如：Congress is considering measures to restrict the sale of cigarettes. 选项[C]spread意为“传播”；选项[D]confirm意为“证实”，例如：I'd like to confirm when you'll be arriving on Monday.
2.
A.admits
B.equips
C.states
D.forms
A B C D
D
[解析] 语义搭配题。form意为“组成，形成”，例如：I formed the impression/opinion/view that she didn't really want to come. 原文句中的宾语为background, form可与其连用且符合题意，故选D。选项[A]admit意为“承认”；选项[B]equip意为“装备”；选项[C]state意为“陈述”，例如：Please state(express clearly and carefully) why you wish to apply for this grant.
3.
A.hardly
B.scarcely
C.evenly
D.only
A B C D
D
[解析] 语意复现题。only意为“只有，仅”，根据上下文意思可得答案。上文谈到学校中学到的东西与工作的关系并不是很密切，工作中仅能用到学过的一小部分知识，此处意思与上文一致，故选项[D]正确。选项[A]hardly意为“几乎不”；选项[B]scarcely意为“简直不，决不”，例如：He would scarcely have said a thing like that. (I don't believe he said that. )选项[C]evenly意为“平均地”，例如：beevenly distributed across the country。
4.
A.practiced
B.described
C.encountered
D.analyzed
A B C D
C
[解析] 语义搭配题。encounter：卷为“遇到”，原句意为：即使拥有“培训”类的学位，也仅有少数几种你学习中所碰到的做事程序和方法可能与你今后的工作有关，故选项[C]正确。选项[A]practice意为“练习”；选项[B]describe意为“描述”；选项[D]analyze意为“分析”，例如：Water samples taken from streams were analyzed for contamination by chemicals.
[解析] 词语搭配题。compare with意为“与…作比较”，属习惯用法，例如：Instant coffee doesn't compare with/can't be compared with freshly ground coffee. (速溶咖啡无法与现磨的咖啡相比。)故选项[A]正确。选项[B]中的against打“比较”之意，如：compete against，但不可与compare连用；选项[C]upon和选项[D]from均不符合题意。
7.
A.contest
B.content
C.contact
D.contract
A B C D
B
[解析] 形近词辨析题。此题需要选出在系动词are后充当表语的成分，只有选项[B]content(满意的)符合题意，例如：I think he's fairly content with his life. 选项[A]contest意为“竞赛；质疑”，例如：(1) She stands a good chance since only two people are contesting the seat. (2) We will certainly contest any claims that made against the safety ofour products. 选项[C]contact意为“与…接触，联系”，例如：I must contact my lawyer before I make my final decisions. 选项[D]contract意为“(使)收缩；订立合约”，例如：People often contract word combinations when they are speaking. 又如：The company has just contracted to build shelters for the homeless.
8.
A.transferring
B.transmitting
C.translating
D.transporting
A B C D
A
[解析] 形近词辨析题。transfer意为“改变；转移”，例如：(1) She transferred her gun from her shoulder to his side. (2) The aim is to transfer powerto self-governing regional councils. 原文意为：从一年至少学四或五门学位课程转变为接受标准化的工作要求。只有选项[A]transferring有转换的意思。选项[B]transmit意为“传送，输送，传播”，例如：Some diseases are transmitted from one generation to the next. 选项[C]translate意为“翻译”，常与into连用；选项[D]transport意为“运输”，均不符合题意。
[解析] 语义搭配题。individual意为“个人的”，本句需用一个形容词来修饰inventiveness, originality等词，原句意为：学术类的工作看重个人的创造能力、独创性以及培养自我认识和自我发展的能力，故选项[C]正确。选项[A]unique意为“唯一的”，强调独一无二；选项[B]single意为“单个的”，常修饰具体事物，例如：The letter was written on a single sheet of paper. 选项[D]specific意为“特有的”，例如：The money is intended to be used for specific purposes.
11.
A.by
B.on
C.across
D.through
A B C D
B
[解析] 词语搭配题。place emphasis on sth. 意为“强调某事”，故选项[B]正确。其他选项均不能与emphasis连用，均排除。
12.
A.adequate
B.definite
C.valuable
D.profitable
A B C D
A
[解析] 语义搭配题。adequate意为“足够的，充足的”，强调符合客观要求或标准，例如：The reason I didn't do well in the exam is that I just didn't have adequate time to prepare. 原文意为：做出合理的决定需要收集足够多的信息，故选项[A]正确。选项[B]definite意为“明确的”；选项[C]valuable意为“有价值的”；选项[D]profitable意为“有好处的，有利的”，例如：a profitable business。
[解析] 词语搭配题。be engaged in意为“从事于，忙于”，例如：Engaged in conversation, they did not see me. 根据原文意思：高等教育的人文价值观念鼓励学生积极培养自我发展的能力，选项[C]engaged在语意与结构上均符合题意，故选C。选项[A]consist in意为“存在于”，例如：The beauty of air travrel consists in its speed and ease. consist的常见用法还有：consisl of (由…组成，构成)，consist with (与…一致，符合)；选项[B]dealt和选项[D]worked均不能与in连用。
[解析] 词汇辨识题。policy意为“政策”，例如：a foreign and security policy; policies on education。原文的意思是，老板们制定的是开明的人事发展政策，而非法律或具体的规章、规则，故选项[C]正确。选项[A]law意为“法律”，范畴太广；选项[B]rule意为“规则”，太具体，概念范畴太小；选项[D]study意为“研究”，均不符合题意。
18.
A.improve
B.introduce
C.vary
D.achieve
A B C D
C
[解析] 词汇辨识题。vary意为“使不同，变化”，例如：(1) Salary scales vary from state to state. (2) The samples varied in quality but were generally acceptable. 根据上文中的rotate (使轮换工作)一词可知，原文意为：让刚毕业的员工轮换工作以便获得多种经历，故选项[C]正确。选项[A]improve意为“改进”，不能与经历搭配；选项[B]introduce意为“介绍”，不符合题意；选项[D]achieve意为“获得”，虽可与下文的experiences勉强连用，但不够准确，往往有achieve success之类的搭配，achieve后面跟褒义词的情况居多。
19.
A.strange
B.ashamed
C.funny
D.sorry
A B C D
D
[解析] 语义搭配题。sorry意为“遗憾的”。原句意为：人们对所受的约束感到遗憾，故选项[D]正确。选项[A]strange意为“奇怪的”；选项[B]ashamed意为“惭愧的”，例如：You should be ashamed of yourself选项[C]funny意为“滑稽的”，均不符合题意。
Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C, or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Text 1 Jet lag is back on the agenda for business travelers, especially as long-haul international traffic picks up again. There is endless advice online about jet lag. Drugs are frequently mentioned, and a recent favorite is Nuvigil, used to treat excessive sleepiness. Nuvigil's manufacturer, Cephablon, has so far not succeeded in obtaining government approval for its plan to market the drug as a remedy forjet lag. But the approach I hear most often from long-haul travelers involves diet and preparation. " Why would you take a pill that your body then has to shake off? " said Lynne Waller Scanlon, the author, with Charles F. Ehret, of Overcoming Jet Lag, which was a best seller in the mid-1980s but went out of print until she revised and republished it last year under a snappier title, The Cure for Jet Lag. The book lays out a treatment system for jet lag based on pre-trip diet and conditioning to reset the body's internal clock. The book suggests resetting the body clock so that it will be in sync with the time at the destination. One to three days before a trip, the authors suggest low-calorie meals. In flight, avoid or strictly limit alcohol, and use coffee or tea to persuade the body clock that it's daytime. If it's morning after flying all night, resist sleep and " flood your eyes with daylight " , they suggest. While all long-haul travel can cause normal fatigue, travel across time zones causes the body to react with the most pronounced effects of jet lag, including disorientation and a general sense of discomfort. In the last few years, the global airlines have put more emphasis on accommodating the need for in-flight sleep—at least in the business and first—class cabins, where international airlines earn most of their revenue. But at the same time, international airlines also promote extensive in-flight entertainment selections, as well as high-end menus, including quality wine lists, in premium classes. Indulging in these would seem to work against dietary treatment to combat jet lag. But Ms. Scanlon says recovery is nevertheless attainable. " What do you do if you can't implement this program ahead of the trip, or if you've blown it and had a complete debauch on the plane? " she said, " Well, when you get off that plane, you get on the program right away. It may not be perfect, but you will feel much, much better. "
1. The word " snappier " (Para.3)most probably means______.
Text 2 Is athletic expertise attained or innate? Those who have suffered the tongue-lashing of a cruel games master at school might be forgiven for doubting the idea that anyone and everyone is capable of great sporting achievement, if only they would put enough effort into it. Practice may make perfect, but not all are built in ways that make it worth bothering in the first place. The latest evidence of this truth has been gathered by Sabrina Lee of Simon Fraser University in Vancouver and Stephen Piazza at Pennsylvania State University. They have looked at the physical structure of short-distance runners and found that their feet are built differently from those ofcouch potatoes. Dr. Lee and Dr. Piazza already knew that short-distance runners tend to have a higher proportion of fast-contracting muscle fibres in their legs than more sedentary folk can muster. They suspected, though, that they would find differences in the bone structure as well. And they did. They looked at seven university sprinters who specialize in the 100-metre dash and five 200-metre specialists, and compared them with 12 non-athletic university students of the same height. In particular, they looked at the sizes of bones of the toes and heel. They also used ultrasonic scanning to measure the sliding motion of the Achilles tendons of their volunteers as their feet moved up and down. This allowed them to study the length of the lever created by the tendon as it pulls on the back of the heel to make the foot flex and push off the ground. Dr. Lee and Dr. Piazza found that the toes of their short-distance runners averaged 8.2cm in length, while those of common people averaged 7.3cm. The length of the lever of bone that the Achilles tendon pulls on also differed, being a quarter shorter in short-distance runners. These findings suggest short-distance runners get better contact with the ground by having longer toes. That makes sense, as it creates a firmer platform to push against. In a short-distance running race, acceleration off the block is everything. Cheetahs, the champion of short-distance runners of the animal kingdom, have non-flexible claws that give a similar advantage. It is possible—just—that the differences in physical structure are the result of long and rigorous training. But it is unlikely. Far more probable is that the old saying of coaches, that great short-distance runners are born not made, is true. Everyone else, games masters included, should just get used to the idea.
1. According to the passage, those who have doubted the idea that anyone can achieve in sports should______.
Text 3 Schools have banned cupcakes, issued obesity report cards and cleared space in cafeterias for salad bars. Just last month, Michelle Obama's campaign to end childhood obesity promised to get young people moving more and improve school lunch, and beverage makers said they had cut the sheer number of liquid calories shipped to schools by almost 90 percent in the past five years. But new research suggests that interventions aimed at school-aged children may be, if not too little, too late. More and more evidence points to crucial events very early in life—during the toddler years, infancy and even before birth—that can set young children on an obesity track that is hard to alter by the time they're in kindergarten. The evidence is not invulnerable, but it suggests that prevention efforts should start very early. Among the findings are these: The chubby angelic baby who is growing so nicely may be growing too much for his or her own good, research suggests. Babies whose mothers smoked during pregnancy are at risk of becoming obese, even though the babies are usually small at birth Babies who sleep less than 12 hours are at increased risk for obesity later. If they don't sleep enough and also watch two hours or more of TV a day, they are at even greater risk. Some early interventions are already widely practiced. Doctors recommend that overweight women lose weight before pregnancy rather than after, to cut the risk of obesity and diabetes in their children; breast-feeding is also recommended to lower the obesity risk. But weight or diet restrictions on young children have been avoided. " It used to be kind of taboo to label a child under 5 as overweight or obese, even if the child was—the thinking was that it was too disgraceful, " said Dr. Elsie M. Taveras of Harvard Medical School, lead author of a recent paper on racial difference in early risk factors. Scientists worry about what are called epigenetic changes. The genes inherited from mother and father may be turned on and off and the strength of their effects changed by environmental conditions in early development. Many doctors are concerned about women being obese and unhealthy before pregnancy because, as they point out, the womb is the baby's first environment. Experts say change may require abandoning some cherished cultural attitudes. " The idea that a big baby is a healthy baby, and a crying baby is probably a hungry baby who should be fed, are things we really need to rethink, " Dr. Birch said.
1. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT included in the measurements against childhood obesity?
A.The supply of cupcakes has been stopped in schools.
B.There are more salad bars in school cafeterias.
C.Michelle Obama gave a speech on the stopping childhood obesity.
D.The calories in dnnks provided in schools have been greatly reduced.
2. Evidence shows that the earliest trend of obesity may start______.
A.from kindergarten age
B.as early as infancy period
C.before birth
D.as early as school age
A B C D
C
[解析] 细节题。根据题干中的evidence shows定位到原文第二段第二句More and more evidence points to crucial events very early in life—during the toddler years, infancy and even before birth—that can set young children on an obesity track that is hard to alter by the time they're in kindergarten. (越来越多的证据表明，生命早期——蹒跚学步时期、婴幼儿时期，甚至出生前——的关键事件能使儿童走上肥胖的道路，而这到他们上幼儿园时已很难改变了。)由此可以确定婴幼儿肥胖倾向最早可能始于孩子尚未出生之时，even before birth是这里提到的最早的时间，与C项相符，所以选择C，而A、B、D项都晚于这个时间，故应该排除。
3. The findings of studies include the followings EXCEPT______.
A.although an obese baby looks cute, he or she may not be healthy
B.if a mother smokes when she is bearing a baby, the baby is likely to get obese later
C.sleeping less than 12 hours and watching TV too much a day will probably lead to children obesity
D.smoking mothers will be more likely to give birth to obese babies
Text 4 The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed " intuition " to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the process to thinking. Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness. Isenberg's recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers' intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an " Aha! " experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns. One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that " thinking " is inseparable from acting. Since managers often " know " what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert. Given the great uncertainty ofmany of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the solution.
1. According to the passage, senior managers use intuition in aH of the following ways EXCEPT to______.
A.stipulate clear goals
B.identify a problem
C.bring together disparate facts
D.speed up of the creation of a solution to a problem
3. According to the passage, the classical model of decision analysis includes all of the following EXCEPT______.
A.action undertaken in order to discover more information about a problem
B.creation of possible solutions to a problem
C.establishment of clear goals to be reached by the decision
D.evaluation of a problem
A B C D
A
[解析] 是非判断题。D项为原文中的assess the problem，B项为原文中的formulate options，C项为原文中的clarify goals，这些都是文中第一段所讲的传统的决策模式，只有A不是，所以A选项正确。
4. It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following would most probably be one major difference in behavior between Manager X, who uses intuition to reach decisions, and Manager Y, who uses only formal decision analysis?
A.Manager X analyzes first and then acts; Manager Y does not.
B.Manager X checks possible solutions to a problem by systematic analysis; Manager Y does not.
C.Manager X takes action in order to arrive at the solution to a problem; Manager Y does not.
D.Manager Y draws on years of hands-on experience in creating a solution to a problem; Manager X does not.
Part B Directions: You are going to read a list of headings and a text about learning from argument. Choose the most suitable from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph(41-45). The first paragraph of the text is not numbered. There are two extra headings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. [A] Communication makes both parties know more about each other which make an agreement. [B] The argument itself cannot expand knowledge. [C] Reasonable debate plays a positive role in knowledge advances. [D] A basic common knowledge made contribution to the argument from which people learn something. [E] Generally, knowledge is gained by argument. [F] Learning can be interrupted by the argument. [G] Communication is closely associated with argument. Do we 1earn more from people whose views we share in common than from those whose ideas contradictors? The speaker claims so, for the reason that disagreement can cause stress and inhabit learning. I concede that undue discord can impede learning. Otherwise, in my view we learn far from discourse and debate with those whose ideas we oppose than from people whose ideas are in accord with our own. 41. ______ Admittedly, under some circumstances disagreement with others can be counterproductive to learning. For supporting examples, one need look no further than a television set. On today's typical television or radio talk show, disagreement usually manifests itself in meaningless rhetorical bouts and shouting matches, during which opponents vie to have their own message heard, but have little interest either in finding any cormnon ground with or in acknowledging the merits of the opponent's viewpoint. Understandably, neither the combatants nor the viewers learn anything meaningful. In fact, these battles only selwe to reinforce the predispositions and biases of all concerned. The end result is that learning is impeded. 42. ______ Disagreement can also inhibit 1earning when two opponents disagree on fundamental assumptions needed for meaningful discourse and debate. For example, a student of paleontology learns little about the evolution of an animal species under current study by debating with an individual whose religious belief system precludes the possibility of evolution to begin with. And, economics and finance students learn little about the dynamics of a laissez-faire system by debating with a socialist whose view is that a centralized power should control all economic activity. 43. ______ Aside from the foregoing two provisions, however, I fundamentally disagree with the speaker's claim. Assuming common ground between two rational and reasonable opponents willing to debate on intellectual merits, both opponents stand to gain much from that debate. Indeed it is primarily through such debate that human knowledge advances, whether at the personal, community, or global level. 44. ______ At the personal level, by listening to their parents' rationale for their seemingly oppressive rules and policies, teenagers can learn how certain behaviors naturally carry certain undesirable consequences. At the same time, by listening to their teenagers concerns about autonomy and about peer pressures parents can learn the valuable lesson that effective parenting and control are two different things. At the community level, through dispassionate dialogue an environmental activist can come to understand the legitimate economic concerns of those whose jobs depend on the continued profitable operation of a factoly. Conversely, the latter might stand to learn much about the potential public-health price to be paid by ensuring job growth and a low unemployment rate. Finally, at the global level, two nations with opposing political or economic interests can reach mutually beneficial agreements by striving to understand the other's legitimate concerns for its national security, its political sovereignty, the stability of its economy and currency, and so forth. 45. ______ In sum, unless two opponents in a debate are each willing to play on the same field and by the same rules, I concede that disagreement can impede learning. Otherwise, reasoned discourse and debate between people with opposing viewpoints is the very foundation upon which human knowledge advances. Accordingly, on balance the speaker is fundamentally correct.
Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. What is it that brings about such an intimate connection between language and thinking? Is there no thinking without the use of language, namely in concepts and concept combinations for which words need not necessarily come to mind? Has not every one of us struggled for words although the connection between " things " was already clear? (46)We might be inclined to attribute to the act of thinking complete independence from language if the individual formed or were able to form his concepts without the verbal guidance of his environment. Yet most likely the mental shape of an individual, growing up under such conditions, would be very poor. Thus we may conclude that the mental development of the individual and his way of forming concepts depend to a high degree upon language. This makes us realize to what extent the same language means the same mentality. In this sense thinking and language are linked together. What distinguishes the language of science from languages as we ordinarily understand the word? How is it that scientific language is international? (47)What science strives for is an utmost acutencess and clarity of concepts as regards their mutual relation and their correspondence to sensory data. As an illustration, let us take the language of Euclidean geometry and Algebra. They manipulate with a small number of independently introduced concepts, respectively symbols, such as the integral number, the straight line, the point, as well as with signs which designate the fundamental concepts. This is the basis for the construction, respectively definition of all other statements and concepts. The connection between concepts and statements on the one hand and the sensory data on the other hand is established through acts of counting and measuring whose performance is sufficiently well determined. (48)The super-national character of scientific concepts and scientific language is due to the face that they have been set up by the best brains of all countries and all times. In solitude and yet in cooperative effort as regards the final effect they created the spiritual tools for the technical revolutions which have transformed the life of mankind in the last centuries. Their system of concepts has served as a guide in the bewildering chaos of perceptions so that we learned to grasp general truths from particular observations. What hopes and fears does the scientific method imply for mankind? I do not think that this is the right way to put the question. Whatever this tool in the hand of man will produce depends entirely on the nature of the goals alive in this mankind. Once these goals exist, the scientitle method furnishes means to realize them. Yet it cannot furnish the very goals. (49)The scientific method itself would not have led anywhere, and it would not even have been born without a passionate striving for clear understanding. Perfection of means and confusion of goals seem—in my opinion—to characterize our age. (50)If we desire sincerely and passionately the safety, the welfare and the free development of the talents of all men, we shall not be in want of the means to approach such a state. Even if only a small part of mankind strives for such goals, their superiority will prove itself in the long run.
[解析] 句子的框架是We might be inclined to…if the individual formed or were able to form his concepts without…。if引导条件状语从句；介词短语without the verbal guidance of his environment作状语；be inclined to意为“易于，倾向于”；attribute to在此句中意为“认为”。
[解析] 句子的框架是what science strives for is…as regards their mutual relation and their correspondence to sensory data。这是一个主从复合句；名词性从句What science strives for作主语；介词短语as regards their mutual relation and their correspondence to sensory data作状语；as regards也作regarding，意为“关于”；sensory data意为“感性材料”。
3.
[参考译文] 科学概念和科学语言的超国界特性是由于它们是由不同时期各国最优秀的人才确立的。
[解析] 句子的框架是The super-national character of scientific…is due to the fact that they have been…。that引导同位语从句，作fact的同位语；brain有多种解释，在此句中意为“人才”。
[解析] 句子的框架是The scientific method itself would not have…and it would not even have been born without…。这是一个含有双重否定的并列句；even表示递进；在第二个并列分句中not…without为双重否定，翻译时译成一个肯定的意心更贴切。
[解析] 句子的框架是If we desire…，the welfare and the free development…，we shall not be in want of…。if引导条件状语从句；desire与其宾语被状语sincerely and passionately隔开；in want of相当于“in need of”，在此句中译为“缺乏”；approach在这里作动词，意为“靠近”。
Section Ⅲ Writing
Part A
1. Directions: Read the following Chinese text and write an abstract of it in 80-100 English words on ANSWER SHEET 2. 冬季的体育锻炼 尽管冬季寒冷，但足仍需进行必要的体育锻炼。寒冷的气候条件下进行体育锻炼，一定要注意自我保健，否则会适得其反，冻坏身体。冬季体育锻炼项目主要有滑冰、滑喾、晨练、冬泳等，下面结合冬季气候作介绍。 首先是着装问题。服装的隔热值必须与运动中增强的代谢产热过程平衡。在冷天中多穿衣服，衣服在皮肤之外包住一层温暖的空气，使传导散热过程减弱。但在运动时，机体的产热大大增加，如果穿得过多反而有害，应穿轻便的衣服。这样在运动中产热增加时，可以方便地脱掉。近年来服装制造商在发展轻质服装方面不断改进，这样可以保证良好的隔热性，同时又保证了活动的自由性。 在寒冷环境下运动时，机体能量代谢增强，产热增加，此时机体血管扩展，大大降低了身体对寒冷的抵抗能力。因此，在运动间隙要特别注意保暖，及时加衣。寒冷环境中运动时能量消耗大，代谢水平高，使身体内的能源物质消耗增多，在代谢过程中还需要各种维生素的参与，如维生素B1、B2、B3、烟酸、维生素C等需求增加。 因此，对于从事滑冰、滑雪及在寒冷环境下锻炼者的膳食，应注意增加较多的热量。一般来说，从事同等强度的运动冬季比春季热量消耗高10%左右。据测算，一个成年人两小时的滑冰练习可增加消耗1000～1500千卡热量。在三大物质中，因脂肪具有产热多的特点，且增加脂肪有助于机体御寒，故应适当增加脂肪的供能比例，一般可占全部热量的25%～30%；而蛋白质也应偏高，占12%～18%；其余由糖来供给。体育运动者按每天消耗3500卡热量计算，蛋白质约需130克，脂肪150克，糖约480克，相当于每天应摄入米饭或馒头600克左右，鸡肉100克，瘦猪肉200克，鸡蛋两个，牛奶两杯，植物油50克等。 冰雪项目锻炼中，膳食中的维生素也应相当增加，维生素C能增强人体对寒冷的适应能力。据文献称，摄入大量维生素可明显减少寒冷环境中的体温下降幅度，缓解机体肾上腺的过度应激反应，增加机体耐寒能力。 冬泳是我国北方的一大特色，冬泳健身在理论上有其科学性，但冬泳毕竟是一项冒险的运动，必须掌握科学的方法。反之，就会影响身体健康，甚至诱发疾病。一是冬泳锻炼应从秋季的冷水浴开始，逐渐提高对寒冷的适应能力；冬泳期间应加强高能量饮食的补充，冬泳前不要喝酒；对于心、肝、肾有严重疾病的人或脑血管病、溃疡、关节炎患者，以及妇女在月经期均不宜冬泳。 冬季有晨练习惯的人，遇大雾天，最好在室内进行晨练。一是雾天能见度低，容易发生交通事故；二是冬雾中含有对人体有害的酸和胺等污染物，吸人人体易引起气管炎、喉炎、结膜炎和一些过敏性疾病。另外，冬季晨练应尽量用鼻呼吸，鼻道能对吸入的冷空气预热，鼻黏膜能阻止吸入空气中的灰尘。对于严重的疾病患者，冬天的耐寒锻炼更应适度。锻炼时应根据病情变化适当减少或增加幅度，以防旧病复发。注意循序渐进，掌握体育锻炼与药物治疗相结合的原则。在天气过于寒冷时，最好不要外出锻炼。
Physical Exercises in Winter In this essay, the author gives some tips for self-health care in winter exercises. Firstly, special attention should be given to clothing during winter exercises Meanwhile, it is important to keep warm during breaks, for strenuous exercises make our blood vessels expand and thus reduce our cold resistance. Secondly, more fat, protein, sugar and vitamins should be added in daily diet to meet the need of 10% higher energy consumption. Thirdly, if you want to go winter swimming, scientific instructions should also be followed. High-energy diet and cold shower in autumn are necessary for winter swimmers. At last, as for those who are fond of morning exercises in winter, the author suggests indoor exercises when there is heavy fog outside.
[解析] (训练目标：摘要)
Part B
1. Directions： There has been a discussion recently on the issue of opportunity in a newspaper. Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should 1) describe the picture briefly, 2) explain the extend meaning, give a specific example/comment, and 3) give your suggestion as to the best way to treat opportunity. You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. 机遇就像不定期的航船，只有事先买好船票的人才能乘坐它到达成功的彼岸。
[范文] Just as this picture indicates, opportunities are like nonscheduled ships; only those having bought tickets beforehand can get on board and sail to success. Therefore, it is advisable that we should value opportunities and treat them with care. Simple as it is, what the picture conveys is profound. Opportunities don't come often and usually come quietly and go by without being noticed. When an opportunity comes, it brings a promise but never realizes it on its own. If we really intend to fulfill our ambitions, we must work hard, make efforts and get prepared. Otherwise, we can take no advantage of opportunities when they duly arrive to visit us. Take China's accession to WTO as an example. Nobody will deny the fact that it is a golden opportunity. But not everybody or every company can grasp this opportunity and achieve success. The difference between those who succeed and those who do not lies only in the way each treats opportunities. The successful people and companies have already made adequate preparations to catch hold of the opportunities. The unsuccessful ones, on the other hand, work little and therefore, have to let them slip through fingers. In fact, there are plenty of opportunities for everyone in our society, but only those who are adequately prepared and highly qualified can make use of them to achieve their goals. Remember: opportunities favor the minds that are prepared.
[解析] [模板] Just as this picture indicates, opportunities are ①__________. Therefore, it is advisable that ②__________. Simple as it is, what the picture conveys is profound. Opportunities don't come often and usually come quietly and go by without being noticed. When an opportunity comes, ③__________. Take ④__________. as an example, __________. In fact, there are plenty of opportunities for everyone in our society, but only ⑤__________. ①揭示寓意 ②提出观点 ③分析原因 ④举例证明 ⑤给出如何抓住机遇的建议
深色：已答题 浅色：未答题