Section Ⅰ Vocabulary There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
1. My boss has always attended to the______of important business himself.
SectionⅡ Close Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. Human beings are animals. We breathe, eat and digest, and reproduce the same life 1 common to all animals. In a biological laboratory rats, monkeys, and humans seem very much the same. However, biological understanding is not enough: 2 itself, it can never tell us what human beings are. 3 to our physical equipment the naked human body—we are not an 4 animal. We are tropical creatures, 5 hairless and sensitive to cold. We are not fast and have neither claws nor sharp teeth to defend ourselves. We need a lot of food but have almost no physical equipment to help us get it. In the purely physical 6 , our species seems a poor 7 for survival. But we have survived—survived and multiplied and 8 the earth. Some day we will have a 9 living on the moon, a place with neither air nor water and with temperatures that turn gases into solids. How can we have done all these things? Part of the answer is physical. 10 its limitations, our physical equipment has some important 11 . We have excellent vision and hands that can 12 objects with a precision unmatched by any other 13 . Most importantly, we have a large brain with an almost 14 number of neural 15 。
1.
A.processes
B.acts
C.modes
D.procedures
A B C D
A
[解析] life processes意为“生命历程”,在这里符合题意。C项modes意为“方式,方法”;D项procedures意为“程序,手续,常规”。例如:The new work procedeure is a great improvementon/over the old one.新工序比起老工序来是一个巨大的改进。
2.
A.On
B.With
C.For
D.By
A B C D
D
[解析] By itself为习惯用语,意为“独自地,单独地”。例如:The house stands by itself outside the village.这幢房子孤单地坐落在村外。所以D项为正确答案,即可排除 A、B、C项。
3.
A.Stripped
B.Pared
C.Peeled
D.Removed
A B C D
A
[解析] A项strip意为“脱去,剥去”;B项pare意为“削去,剥去(外皮),(常与off,away连用)修剪,(常与away,down连用)削减”;C项peel意为“(常与off连用)去(皮或壳等)”。例如:The wallpaper is peeling off.壁纸正在剥落。D项remove意为“移动”。
[解析] A项fill意为“注满,用……装满”,fill the earth意为“遍布地球”,强调分布范围之广。A项符合题意。B项load意为“装载;大量供给,负荷,重担,装载量,加载”;C项stuff意为“塞人,塞满”;D项意为scatter“分散,散开”。
9.
A.residence
B.colony
C.home
D.empire
A B C D
B
[解析] 从下文中可找到提示:“Inhabitants of our eventual moon colony will bring their own food…”,故选B项colony,意为“殖民地,侨民”;A项residence意为“居住,住处”;D项empire意为“帝国,帝权”。
10.
A.Apart from
B.With regard to
C.With the exception of
D.In spite of
A B C D
D
[解析] 根据题意,应选择表示让步关系的In spite of,意为“尽管”,例如:In spite of great efforts we failed to carry our plans through.尽管我们作出了巨大努力,我们还是没能完成计划。A项Apart from和C项With the exception of意为“除……之外”,B项 With regard to意为“关于”,即可排除A、B、C项。
Section Ⅲ Reading Comprehension Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choo sing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
1
Crossing Wesleyan University's campus usually requires walking over colorful messa ges chalked on the ground. They can be as innocent as meeting announcements, but in a growing number of cases the language is meant to shock. It's not uncommon, for instance, to see lewd (淫荡的) references to professors' sexual preferences scrawled across a path or the mention of the word Nig' that African-American students say make them feel uncom fortable. In response, officials and students at schools are now debating ways to lead their com munities away from forms of expression that offend or harass (侵扰). In the process, they're butting up against the difficulties of regulating speech at institutions that pride themselves on fostering open debate. Mr. Bennet of Wesleyan says he had gotten used to seeing occasional chalkings filled with four-letter words. Campus tradition made any horizontal surface not attached to a building a potential billboard. But when chalkings began taking on a more threatening and lewd tone, Bennet decided to act. "This is not acceptable in a workplace and not accepta ble in an institution of higher learning," Bennet says. For now, Bennet is seeking input about what kind of message-posting policy the school should adopt. The student assembly recently passed a resolution saying the "right to speech comes with implicit responsibilities to respect community standards. " Other public universities have confronted problems this year while considering various ways of regulating where students can express themselves. At Harvard Law School, the recent controversy was more linked to the academic setting. Minority students there are seeking to curb what they consider harassing speech in the wake of a series of incidents last spring. At a meeting held by the "Committee on Healthy Diversity" last week, the school's Black Law Students Association endorsed a policy targeting discriminatory harassment. It would trigger a review by school officials if there were charges of "severe or pervasive con duct" by students or faculty. The policy would cover harassment based on, but not limited to, factors such as race, religion, creed, sexual orientation, national origin, and ethnic ity (种族划分). Boston attorney Harvey Silverglate, says other schools have adopted similar harass ment policies that are actually speech codes, punishing students for raising certain ideas. "Restricting students from saying anything that would be perceived as very unpleasant by another student continues uninterrupted," says Silverglate, who attended the Harvard Law town meeting last week.
1. What is the typical scene found in the campus of Wesleyan University?
A.Pieces of chalk are scattered everywhere on the ground.
B.There are some meeting announcements on the billboard.
C.All kinds of messages are written on the paths.
D.Some people are shocked by the meeting announcements.
A B C D
C
[解析] 文章第一句就告诉我们,穿过卫斯理公会大学的校园,我们会跨过五颜六色的用粉笔书写的讯息。
2. From the passage we can see that______.
A.officials and students are debating whether they should have free speech
B.in the past decade, people did not have any freedom of speech
C.some students are attacked politically as targets
D.officials and students are discussing ways of avoiding offending messages
A B C D
D
[解析] 文章开头提到满地的讯息鱼龙混杂,并出现了越来越多的色情和有种族偏见倾向的讯息。第二段说为了回应这一现象,学校的学生和官员们正在讨论避免不良讯息的 方法。关键部分是“…debating ways to lead their communities away from…”,即“把…… 从……引开”。
3. Mr. Bennet______.
A.has gotten used to seeing messages on the billboard
B.thinks that it is not acceptable to have chalkings on the ground in an institution of higher learning
C.is looking for a good policy which can guide the way of students' message posting
D.has decided to chalk some messages to fight against the harassing ones
A B C D
C
[解析] 文章第三段说,贝内特先生正在寻求对在校园中书写讯息应采取的对策 (Bennet is seeking input about what kind of message-posting policy the school should adopt)。这句话与C项相符。
4. The essential of the problem is to______.
A.stick up for free speech
B.cleanse the academic setting
C.cut the throat of free speech
D.please the minorities
A B C D
B
[解析] 本题涉及从事实到实质的归纳提高问题。文章第四段介绍了各个学校的情况,其中提到哈佛大学法学院的辩论更多的涉及学术环境的问题(more linked to the academic setting)。
5. What is the policy adopted by many schools after heated debating?
A.It is for the universities to clamp down on speech concerning racist comments or other forms of inappropriate ideas.
B.It is to teach students to learn how to express themselves more clearly.
C.It is to give the minority groups the right to speak freely.
D.It is to urge students to discuss problems concerning race, religion, national origin and ethnicity.
To get from Kathmandu to the tiny village in Nepal, Dave Irvine-Halliday spent more than two days. When he arrived, he found villagers working and reading around battery powered lamps equipped with light-emitting diodes, or LEDs—the same lamps he had left there in 2000. Irvine-Halliday, an American photonics engineer, was not surprised. He chose to use LED bulbs because they are rugged, portable, long-lived, and extremely efficient. Each of his lamps produces a useful amount of illumination from just one watt of pow- er. Villagers use them about four hours each night, then top off the battery by pedaling a generator for half an hour. The cool, steady beam is a huge improvement over lamps still common in developing countries. In fact, LEDs have big advantages over familiar incandes cent (白炽的) lights as well--so much so that Irvine-Halliday expects LEDs will eventual ly take over from Thomas Edison's old lightbulb as the world's main source of artificial il lumination. The dawn of LEDs began about 40 years ago, but early LEDs produced red or green glows suitable mainly for displays in digital clocks and calculators. A decade ago, engineers invented a semiconductor crystal made of an aluminum compound that produced a much brighter red light. Around the same time, a Japanese engineer developed the first practical blue LED. This small advance had a huge impact because blue, green, and red LEDs can be combined to create most of the colors of the rainbow, just as that in a color television picture. These days, high-intensity color LEDs are showing up everywhere such as the traffic lights. The reasons for the rapid switchover are simple. Incandescent bulbs have to be re placed annually, but LED traffic lights should last five to yen years. LEDs also use 80 to 90 percent less electricity than the conventional signals they replace. Collectively, the new traffic lights save at least 400 million kilowatt-hours a year in the United States. Much bigger savings await if LEDs can supplant Mr. Edison's bulb at the office and in the living room. Creating a white-light LED that is energy-saving, cheap and appealing has proved a tough engineering challenge. But all the major lightbulb makers—including Gener al Electric, Philips, and Osram-Sylvania—are teaming up with semiconductor manufactur ers to make it happen.
6. From the first paragraph, we can see that Dave Irvine-Halliday______.
A.is a mountain climber
B.went to that village to repair the lamps
C.found the villagers were using the lamps he had given them
Before high school teacher Kimberly Rugh got down to business at the start of a recent school week, she joked with her students about how she'd had to clean cake out of the cor ners of her house after her 2-year-old son's birthday party. This friendly combination of chitchat took place not in front of a blackboard but in an E-mail message that Rugh sent to the 145 students she's teaching at the Florida Virtual School, one of the nation's leading online high schools. The school's motto is "any time, any place, any path, any pace". Florida's E-school attracts many students who need flexible scheduling, from young tennis stars and young musicians to brothers Tobias and Tyler Heeb, who take turns working on the computer while helping out with their family's clam-farming business on Pine Island, off Florida's southwest coast. Home-schoolers also are well represented. Most students live in Florida, but 55 hail from West Virginia, where a severe teacher shortage makes it hard for many students to take advanced classes. Seven kids from Texas and four from Shanghai round out the student body. The great majority of Florida Virtual Schoolers--80 percent are enrolled in regular Florida public or private high schools. Some are busy overachievers. Others are retaking classes they barely passed the first time. The school's biggest challenge is making sure that students aren't left to sink or swim on their own. After the school experienced a disappoint ing course completion rate of just 50 percent in its early years, Executive Director Julie Young made a priority out of what she calls "relationship-building," asking teachers to stay in frequent E-mail and phone contact with their students. That personal touch has helped. The completion rate is now 80 percent. Critics of online classes say that while they may have a limited place, they are a poor substitute for the face-to-face contact and socialization that take place in brick-and-mortar classrooms. Despite opportunities for online chats, some virtual students say they'd prefer to have more interaction with their peers. Students and parents are quick to acknowledge that virtual schooling isn't for every one. "If your child's not focused and motivated, I can only imagine it would be a night mare," says Patricia Haygood of Orlando, whose two daughters are thriving at the Flori da school. For those who have what it takes, however, virtual learning fills an important niche. "I can work at my own pace, on my own time," says Hackney. "It's the ultimate in student responsibility. "
11. Kimberly Rugh Talked about her son's birthday party______.
B.how to make the students more active in their learning
C.to complete "the relationship-building" ahead of time
D.to urge the teachers to go to the office more often
A B C D
B
[解析] 第三段说,该校最大的挑战是如何确保学生不放任自流,提高结业率。
15. What is the passage mainly about?
A.Online schooling is more convenient and efficient.
B.Online schooling lacks face-to-face contact and socialization.
C.Online schooling is not for everyone.
D.An overall estimate on online schooling.
A B C D
D
[解析] 本文全面阐述了网络学校的优缺点。
4
In the wake of 11 September, Visionics, a leading manufacturer, issued a fact sheet explaining how its technology could enhance airport security. They called it "protecting civilization from the faces of terror". The company's share price skyrocketed, as did the stocks of other face-recognition companies, and airports across the globe began installing the software and running trials. As the results start to come in, however, the gloss (光滑表面) is wearing off. No matter what you might have heard about face-recognition software, Big Brother it ain't. The concern was based largely on an independent assessment of face-recognition sys tems carried out in 2000 in the U. S. by the Department of Defense. These tests found that to catch 90 percent of suspects at an airport, face-recognition software would have to raise a huge number of false alarms. One in three people would end up being dragged out of the line and that's assuming everyone looks straight at the camera and makes no effort to dis guise himself. Results from the recent airport trials would seem to justify that concern. Most face-recognition systems use some kind of geometric technique to translate a pic ture of a face into a set of numbers that capture its characteristics. Once it has identified these boundaries, the software calculates their relative sizes and positions and converts this geometry into what Visionics calls a "faceprint'. Feed the software a series of mug shots (通缉犯), and it'll calculate their faceprints. Then it can monitor live CCTV images for the faces of known suspects. When it finds a match, it raises an alarm. Even if the system does manage to capture a face, the problems aren't over. The trou hie is that a suspect's faceprint taken from live CCTV is unlikely to match the one in the database in every detail. To give themselves the best chance of picking up suspects, opera tors can set the software so that it doesn't have to make an exact match before it raises the alarm. But there's a price to pay: the more potential suspects you pick up, the more false alarms you get. You have to get the balance just right. Despite the disappointing tests, some people insist that face-recognition technology is good enough to put terrorists off. After all the claims and counter-claims, with no one able to discern (洞察) the truth, the industry may soon have to face up to reality.
16. The first paragraph tells us that______.
A.Visionics produced the best face-recognition software enhancing airport security
19. What makes it so hard for the face-recognition systems to work effectively?
A.The computers are not so advanced.
B.The faceprints of the mugshots fed in the computers are never identical with those of real persons.
C.It is very hard for the operators to learn to control the system.
D.People seldom look straight at the camera.
A B C D
B
[解析] 文章第五段说,问题是现场摄像机显示的面容很难和计算机资料库中的通缉犯的面容数据完全相符。
20. In the last paragraph, the author points out that______.
A.anyway, the face-recognition technology is good enough to frighten the terrorists
B.the industry will have to recognize the real situation and work hard to improve the technology
C.all the claims are premature
D.we must not expect too much
A B C D
B
[解析] 文章最后指出,企业界将不得不面对现实,即努力提高技术,改进产品质量。
Section Ⅳ Tranlation In this section there is a passage in English. Translate the five sentences under lined into Chinese and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. There is probably no limit to what science can do in the way of increasing positive ex cellence.
1. Health has already been greatly improved; in spite of the lamentations of those who idealize the past, we live longer and have fewer illnesses than any class or na tion in the eighteenth century. With a little more application of the knowledge we already possess, we might be much healthier than we are. And future discoveries are likely to accelerate this process enormously. So far, it has been physicai science that has had the most effect upon our lives, but in the future physiology and psychology are likely to be far more potent.
2. When we have discovered how character depends upon physiological conditions, we shall be able, if we choose, to produce far more of the type of human beings that we admire. Intelligence, ar tistic capacity, benevolence—all these things no doubt could be increased by science. There seems scarcely any limit to what could be clone in the way of producing a good world, if only men would use science wisely.
3. There is a certain attitude about the application of science to human life with which I have some sympathy, though I do not, in the last analysis, agree with it. It is the attitude of those who dread what is "unnatural". Rousseau is, of course, the great pro tagonist of the view in Europe. In Asia, Lao-Tze had set it forth even more persuasively, and 2,400 years sooner.
4. I think there is a mixture of truth and falsehood in the admira tion of "nature", which it is important to disentangle. To begin with, what is "natural"? Roughly speaking, anything to which the speaker was accustomed in childhood. Lao-Tze objects to roads and carriages and boats, all of which were probably unknown in the village where he was born. Rousseau has got used to these things, and does not regard them as a gainst nature. But he would no doubt have thundered against railways if he had lived to see them. Clothes and cooking are too ancient to be denounced by most of the apostles of na ture, though they all object to new fashions in either. Birth control is thought wicked by people who tolerate celibacy, because the former is a new violation of nature and the latter an ancient one.
5. In these ways those who preach "nature" are inconsistent, and one is tempted to regard them as mere conservatives.
在这些方面,那些鼓吹自然的人是自相矛盾的,难免会被认为是保守派。
Section Ⅴ Writing Write an essay of at least 150 words on the topic given below. Use the proper space on ANSWER SHEET 2.
1. Topic: With her entry into the WTO , China is being plunged into an internation al competition for talents, and in particular, for higher-level talents. To face this new challenge, China must do something, among other things, to reform her gradu- ate (postgraduate) education system. State your opinion about this reform, and give the solid supporting details to your viewpoint.
[参考范文]
Chinese Reform of Graduate Education System
Now people in growing numbers are conscious that China is facing a lot of chances and challenges with her entry into the WTO.So China is being plunged into an international competition.Among all factors that influence competition,talents,especially higher-level talents,are the most important.If China wants to adapt to this new situation,the reform of her graduate education system should be considered as top priority. As far as I am concerned,the following aspects must be taken into account if we would like to carry out the reform of graduate education system well. Above all, in order to acclimatize themselves to the drastic competition in the future, students should pay more attention to the acquisition of all kinds of knowledge. Secondly, some current courses are too old to suit the cultivation of students' overall intellectual ability. It is necessary for universities to adjust their curricula and take effective measures to direct their educational goal from exam-oriented education to education for all-round development. Finally, if we want to cultivate excellent talents, it is very important to attract fa mous experts and professionals to teach in the universities. Therefore, the government should take some measures for it, such as adjusting its policies, providing favorable living and working conditions and so on. All in all, it is high time that China reformed its graduate education system. If there are no changes in the graduate education system, we may fail to win in international com petitions.