Section A Directions: In this section you will hear three people discussing university life. Listen to the discussion about reading assignments, essays, lectures and seminars. Complete the table by writing in the difficulties they have with reading, writing essays, listening to lectures and having seminars. Write no more than three words for each answer in the Answer Sheet. Circle the letters of your choices for questions 9 and 10, and then blacken tile corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. You will hear the recording twice.
1.
Lisa
Sasha
Olaf
Reading
too interesting
1．
2．
Essays
hand writing word limit
3．
Plagiarism
Lectures
4．
5．
x
Seminars
6．
7．
8．
暂无答案
[解析] 1-10 Lisa: Oh, hello, Olaf. I haven't seen you for ages. How are things going? Olaf: Hello, Lisa. Hi, Sasha. Well, it's great studying here, but some things take quite a bit of getting used to. It's not like studying in my country. Sasha: Oh, I know! In my country we used to go to lectures and get the lecturer's notes, and then we'd use those to write our essays. Here, we have to read so much. I just can't keep up with it all. How do you find the reading, Lisa? Lisa: Well, I agree, there is a lot to read. But I don't mind that. In fact, I like the reading. My problem is that I want to read more and more, and there isn't the time. And that creates a problem with the essays for me. Look at this assignment, for example. I'm supposed to discuss rational choice models for my economics essays in three thousand words. I could write a book on that topic! How am I supposed to cover it in just three thousand words? Why do they have to impose a word limit, anyhow? Olaf: Well, Lisa, remember, it's just an undergraduate essay. I know what Sasha means about having too much to read. I think the most difficult thing with the reading for me, though, isn't the quantity, but all the new words. Words like "hegemony" and "teleology" that you need to understand thoroughly. I'm always being told by my tutors that I'm using them wrongly in my essays. And when I try to use them in the same way as the reading, my tutors say it's plagiarism. Sasha: I have a problem like that, too. You know, listen to the lectures and read the books and articles, and then you're supposed to come up with your own ideas for the essays ! You're so full of everyone else's ideas, where are you going to get your own from? I spend hours planning an essay, and by the time I get to actually writing it all down, the deadline is up! I'm always having to ask for an extension. What about you, Lisa? You usually get good marks for your essays. Lisa: Yes, that's true, but I'm always doing the final draft in a hurry, and then the teachers complain that they can't read my handwriting. And that's another thing I never seem to manage enough time for my lectures. And they're always so early in the morning. I can't ever get out of bed in time for a nine o'clock lecture. Olaf: Well, isn't that because you go to so many parties, Lisa? If you don't get home until one or two in the morning, how can you ever expect to be awake for a lecture? Sasha: ff you ask me, that wouldn't make any difference! Most of the lecturers are so boring, they put you to sleep anyhow! Why can't they make the lectures more interesting? After all, a lot of the subjects are fascinating, but the lecturers, hake them sound boring. Lisa: At least you can't say that about seminars. They're really interesting, and I think I get most benefit from them. You always find the other students have read different books and articles, and so you get lots of new information in a seminar. Olaf: Yes, that's true, Lisa, but I still don't enjoy them because people disagree with each other all the time, and I don't like that. I don't like to hear people arguing. It really bothers me! Sasha: Oh, Olaf! You're supposed to argue in a seminar! And I really appreciate the chance to do that. Where I come from, women aren't supposed to argue or answer back. I do have to admit, however, that I get very nervous about having to give presentations. You know, when you have to read a paper, that's really scary! Lisa: Oh, Sasha, I can't believe that. That last paper you gave was so professional. In fact, I think you could do a better job than the lecturers.
2.
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3.
暂无答案
4.
暂无答案
5.
暂无答案
6.
暂无答案
7.
暂无答案
8.
暂无答案
9. Who are Lisa, Oalf and Sasha?
A.Lisa is a lecturer. Olaf and Sasha are students.
B.They are all lecturers.
C.Olaf and Lisa are first year students. Sasha is their tutor.
D.They are all college students.
A B C D
暂无答案
10. What does Lisa think of Sasha's last seminar paper?
A.It was like a lecture.
B.It was professional.
C.It was rather boring.
D.She couldn't believe it.
A B C D
暂无答案
Section B Directions: In this section you will hear a long talk about non-verbal communication. As you listen to the talk you should take brief notes to answer the five questions below, and then put your answers on the Answer Sheet. Try to answer the questions as clearly as possible. Remember, you may have different answers to some of the questions. You will hear the recording twice.
1. What is kinesics?
暂无答案
2. Raymond Birdwhistle said that the meaning of non-verbal behavior depends on the context. Give two examples of the meaning of smile.
暂无答案
3. Give two examples of universal emotions.
暂无答案
4. Give two examples of how non-verbal communication can differ from one culture to another.
暂无答案
5. List two ways in which verbal and non-verbal communication differ.
暂无答案
Part Ⅱ Vocabulary Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one that completes the sentence and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through center.
1. Written at least 100 years ago, the handwriting faded and certainly became ______.
14. Such questions should be approached honestly and in full awareness that ______ loan agreements will cost money due to cancellation or other charges.
20. We all know that it is very hard to ______ him to give his plan up.
A.endeavor
B.reduce
C.assert
D.induce
A B C D
D
endeavor努力，尽力；reduce减少，还原；assert断言；induce说服，促使。
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
A scorching sun, an endless sea of sand and a waterless, forbiddingly lonely land—that is the image most people have of deserts. But how true is this picture? Deserts are drylands where rainfall is low. This is not to say rain never falls in deserts: it may fall once or twice a year in a fierce torrent that fades almost as soon as it has begun, or which evaporates in the hot air long before it has got anywhere near the earth. It may fall in a sudden sweeping flood that carries everything in its path. Rains may only come once in five or six years or not fall for a decade or more. The Mojave desert in the United States remained dry for twenty-five years. Without water no living thing can survive, and one feature of the true desert landscape is the absence of vegetation. With little rain and hardly any vegetation the land suffers under the sun. There are virtually no clouds or trees to protect the earth's surface and it can be burning hot. Under the sun, soils break up and crack. Wind and torrential rain sweep away and erode the surface further. Eight million square kilometers of the world's land surface is desert. Throughout history deserts have been expanding and retreating again. Cave paintings show that parts of the Sahara Desert were green and fertile about 10,000 years ago, and even animals like elephants and giraffes roamed the land. Fossil and dunes found in fertile and damp parts of the world show that these areas were once deserts. But now the creation of new desert areas is happening on a colossal scale. Twenty million square kilometers, an area twice the size of Canada, is at a high to very high risk of becoming desert. With a further 1.25 million square kilometers under moderate risk, an area covering 30% of the earth's land surface is desert, becoming desert, or in danger of becoming desert. The rate of growth of deserts is alarming. The world's drylands which are under threat include some of the most important stock-rearing and wheat-growing areas and are the homes of 600--700 million people. These regions are becoming deserts at the rate of more than 58, 000 square kilometers a year or 44 hectares a minute. In North Africa at least 100,000 hectares of cropland am lost each year. At this rate there is a high risk that we will be confined to living on only 50% of this planet's land surface within one more century unless we am able to do something about it.
1. What does the passage tell us about rainfall in the desert?
A.It never rains.
B.It rains so little that nothing can live.
C.It rains unexpectedly.
D.It rains very infrequently.
A B C D
D
第一段的最后一句“Rains may only come once in five or six years or not fall for a decade or more．The Mojave desert in the United States remained dry for twenty-five years．”从中可以看出，沙漠不是不降雨，而是很少降雨，infrequently意为“罕见地，稀少地”，故D是符合题意的选项。
2. Desert soils break up and crack because of ______.
A.the effects of wind and rain.
B.the lack of protection from the sun.
C.the tropical location of deserts.
D.the absence of min.
A B C D
B
根据第二段第三句“There are virtually no clouds or trees to protect the earth's surface and it can be burning hot．Under the sun，soils break up and crack……”，在沙漠地区没有云、没有树 保护地面，地面很容易曝晒，因此裂开，所以应该选B地面缺乏保护。
3. What do we learn about deserts from this text?
A.Deserts can change into green and fertile areas.
B.Certain areas have always been desert.
C.Deserts were once the home of elephants and giraffes.
D.Deserts have been growing since the beginning of the world.
A B C D
A
文章第二段第六行“Throughout history deserts have been expanding and retreating again．”这段中谈到，一些肥沃的地方以前曾经是沙漠，而现在的沙漠以前也曾经是沃土和绿洲。所以A符合文章的内容。
4. How much of the world's land surface is at risk of becoming desert?
A.Less than ten million square kilometers.
B.Twenty million square kilometers.
C.Mom than twenty million square kilometers.
D.30% of the world's land surface.
A B C D
C
文章第二段中间有一句话“Twenty million square kilometers，an area twice the size of Canada，is at a high to very high risk of becoming desert．With a further 1.25 million square kilometers under moderate risk．”，这句话是说，2000万平方公里的土地面临着成为沙漠的高危险，而125万平方公里的土地有中度危险，加起来就是答案C——超过2000万平方公里的土地面临着成为沙漠的危险。
5. What does the writer think about the creation of new desert areas?
A.It is a natural development.
B.The problem is not very serious.
C.It is a very worrying problem.
D.The situation will improve in time.
A B C D
C
文章最后一句话作者是这样写的“At this rate there is a high risk that we will be confined to living on only 50% of this planet's land surface within one more century unless we are able to do something about it”作者的意思是，如果我们不采取措施我们将会面临着很严重的危机，所以说 A、B、D都不是文章的本意，只有C符合。
The first thing to notice is that the media we're all familiar with—from books to television--are one-way propositions: they push their content at us. The Web is two-way, push and pull. In finer point, it combines the one-way reach of broadcast with the two-way reciprocity (互惠) of a mid-cast. Indeed, its user can at once be a receiver and sender of broadcast—a confusing property, but mindstretching! A second aspect of the Web is that it is the first medium that honors the notion of multiple intelligences. This past century's concept of literacy grew out of our intense belief in text, a focus enhanced by the power of one particular technology-the typewriter. It became a great tool for writers but a terrible one for other creative activities such as sketching, painting, notating music, or even mathematics. The typewriter prized one particular kind of intelligence, but with the Web, we suddenly have a medium that honors multiple forms of intelligence—abstract, textual, visual, musical, social, and kinesthetic. As educators, we now have a chance to construct a medium that enables all young people to become engaged in their ideal way of learning. The Web affords the match we need between a medium and how a particular person learns. A third and unusual aspect of the Web is that it leverages (起杠杆作用) the small efforts of the many with the large efforts of the few. For example, researchers in the Maricopa County Community College system in Phoenix have found a way to link a set of senior citizens with pupils in the Longview Elementary School, as helper-mentors (顾问). It's wonderful to sec-kids listen to these grandparents better than they do to their own parents, the mentoring really helps their teachers, and the seniors create a sense of meaning for themselves. Thus, the small efforts of the man—the seniors—complement the large efforts of the few—the teachers. The same thing can be found in operation at Hewlett-Packard, where engineers use the Web to help kids with science or math problems. Both of these examples barely scratch the surface as we think about what's possible when we start interlacing resources with needs across a whole region.
1. What does the word mind-stretching imply?
A.Obtaining one's mental power.
B.Strengthening one's power of thought.
C.Making great demands on one's mental power.
D.Exerting one's mental power as far as possible.
A B C D
C
先找到这个词所在的句子“Indeed，its user can at once be a receiver and sender of broadcast—a confusing property，but mind-stretching!”这句话是说，在网络上人们可以是信息接受者也可以是发布者，这很让人有点迷惑，但是却对人的思维有很高要求。可以看出mind-stretching!”的意思是C。
2. What is a terrible tool for activities such as sketching and painting?
A.Technology
B.Typewriter
C.Text
D.The web
A B C D
B
文章中的第八行“It became a great tool for writers but a terrible one for other creative activities such as sketching，painting，notating music，or even mathematics．”这其中的it可以从紧跟的上文中找到是the typewriter，所以是说typewriter对sketching和painting来说是不好的工具。
3. Which group of people make some efforts to help pupils in elementary schools?
A.Teachers
B.Researchers
C.Grandparents
D.Senior citizens
A B C D
D
文章的倒数第五行有这么一句：“Thus，the small efforts of the man--the seniors--complement the large efforts of the few--the teachers．”结合上文，说的是小学请来年长者作为顾问，所以是年长者努力帮助小学生，故选D。
4. The sentence the seniors create a sense of meaning for themselves means the seniors ______.
A.acquire a new meaning of their lives
B.understand the meaning of the web
C.create a web site for themselves
D.add a new meaning to the web
A B C D
A
这一句“the seniors create a sense of meaning for themselves”意思是“这些老人也感觉到了自己的价值”。纵观选项，B、C、D都是说的有关网络的内容，而这句话并没有涉及网络的内容，故A是符合其本意的。
5. The expression "scratch the surface" most probably means ______.
A.think hard in a puzzled way
B.deal with a problem thoroughly
C.treat a subject without being thorough
D.work out a solution for a problem easily
A B C D
C
scratch乱涂，擦，刮，抓，挖出。可以看出词组“scratch the surface”的意思是“只接触表面”，只有C是跟这个意思相符的。C的意思是“处理某事物不全面”，因此选C。
There is no question that the old style of air pollution could kill people. In one week following the infamous "peasouper" fog in December 1952, 4,700 people died in London. Most of these people were elderly and already had heart or lung diseases. A series of these killer fogs eventually led to the British Passing the Clean Air Act which restricted the burning of coal. Fortunately the effect of smog on the lungs is not so dramatic. Scientists have now conducted a number of laboratory experiments in which volunteers are exposed to ozone inside a steel chamber for a few hours. Even at quite low concentrations there is a reversible fall in lung function, an increase in the irritability of the lungs and evidence of airway inflammation (发炎) . Although irritable and inflamed lungs are particularly seen in people with asthma (哮喘) and other lung diseases, these effects of ozone also occur in healthy subjects. Similar changes are also seen after exposure to nitrogen dioxide, although there is some disagreement about the concentration at which they occur. Other studies have found that people living in areas with high levels of pollution have more symptoms and worse lung function than those living in areas with clean air. Groups of children attending school camps show falls in lung function even at quite low concentrations of ozone. There is also a relationship between ozone levels and hospital admissions for asthma, both in North America and Australia. It is suspected that long-term exposure to smog may result in chronic bronchitis (支气管炎) and emphysema (肺气肿), but this has yet to be proven. Recently an association has been found between the levels of particles in the air and death rates in North American cities. The reason for this association is not understood and as vet there is no evidence this occurs in Australia. However, we do know that hazy days are associated with more asthma attacks in children.
1. Which of the following is NOT the result of laboratory experiments?
A.Low concentrations
B.Fall in lung function
C.Irritability of the lungs
D.Air way inflammation
A B C D
A
选择依据是原文第二段这样一句话：Even at quite low concentrations there is a reversible fall in lung function，an increase in the irritability of the lungs and evidence of airway inflammation(发炎)．从中可以看出，B、C、D选项都是laboratory experiments的结果之一；但是low concentration只是实验的条件之一；换言之，一方面，low concentration不是实验结果，而是实验条件；另一方面，low concentration不是惟一的实验条件，而只是实验条件之一(可能还有high concentration等实验条件存在)。
2. Irritable and inflamed lungs are also seen in people with ______.
A.asthma
B.lung diseases
C.good health
D.weak health
A B C D
C
原文第二段有这样一句原文：Although irritable and inflamed lungs are particularly seen in people with asthma(哮喘)and other lung diseases，these effects of ozone also occur in healthy subjects．从中可以看出该题选项C才是正确的。
3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a possible cause of lung diseases?
A.The burning of coal
B.Long-term exposure to smog
C.Exposure to nitrogen dioxide
D.Attending school camps
A B C D
D
Attending school camps。该题要选择不是lung disease的原因的选项，另外三项在原文中作者都用确凿的口吻说明是lung disease的原因，比如第一段结尾处“A series of these killer fogs eventually led to the British Passing the Clean Air Act which restricted the burning of coal．”，其他 B、C两项在原文中也有涉及。而D项，Groups of children attending school camps show falls in lung function even at quite low concentrations of ozone．这里有助于分析文章的信息来自even at quite low concentrations of ozone，而非Groups of children attending school camps，换言之，对于文章的理解而言，Groups of children attending school camps并无实际作用，只会干扰读者的分析思路。
4. The relationship between exposure to ______ has not yet been determined.
A.ozone and fall in lung function
B.ozone and lung diseases such as asthma
C.nitrogen dioxide and worse lung function
D.smog and chronic bronchitis and emphysema
A B C D
D
判断依据是来自原文中的一句话“It is suspected that long-term exposure to smog may result in chronic bronchitis(支气管炎)and emphysema(肺气肿)，but this has yet to be proven”。那么可见该题答案应该是D，smog and chronic bronchitis and emphysema。本题完全是根据原文原句做答；只是用同义词determine代替了prove。
5. The association between ______ has not yet been found in Australia.
A.ozone levels and hospital admissions for asthma
B.hazy days and more asthma attacks in children
C.the levels of particles in the air and death rates
D.high levels of pollution and more. symptoms
A B C D
C
参看原文Recently an association has been found between the levels of particles in the air and death rates in North American cities．The reason for this association is not understood and as vet there is no evidence this occurs in Australia．意思是说，最近发现北美空气中微粒的浓度与死亡率之间存在联系，但是原因尚不知晓，而且在澳大利亚并未发现此类现象。
The events of Sept. 11 have ratcheted up security at American airports to the highest level ever, according to a spokesman for Transportation Secretary Norman Mineta. But to say there is plenty of room for improvement puts it mildly: Hundreds of employees with access to high-security areas at 15 U.S. airports have been arrested or indicted by federal law enforcement officials for using phony Social Security numbers, lying about criminal convictions or being in the United States illegally. None of those arrested had terrorist links, but some aviation experts said the workers were in a position to help smuggle weapons or bombs aboard aircraft if they had wanted. Tests ordered by President Bush and conducted by federal agents at 32 airports between November and February, when airports were on highest alert, showed that Security screeners failed to detect knives 70% of the time, guns 30% of the time and simulated explosives 60% of the time. Two members of the House Transportation Committee are pushing to reverse the administration's opposition to arming pilots because groups representing pilots are insisting that their members need to be armed as a last line of defense. Attorney General John Ashcroft said the arrests of hundreds of airport employees showed that the system of background checks—done piecemeal by airlines, private contractors and others—needs tightening. That much is painfully obvious. What isn't clear is why the system was so porous (有漏洞的) to begin with and why it wasn't immediately tightened after that infamous Tuesday in September. Some people in the industry wisely have suggested that all airport workers be required to pass through the same metal detectors and other Security checks as flight crews do. Congress has ordered the new Transpiration Security Administration to find ways to enact just such a requirement. Unfortunately, no deadline has been set, in part because federal officials are preoccupied with getting thousands of new baggage screeners in place by Nov. 19---when the feds take over airport security—and installing bomb—detection equipment in all airports by the end of the year. Plainly, those two goals are critical. But it would be a mistake to give low priority to fixing other gaping holes in the nation's airport security net. If the federal crackdown is going to be effective, it needs to be comprehensive.
1. The possible mason for hundreds of airport employees being arrested might be one of the following except ______.
A.using false ID
B.helping others in smuggling
C.being in the US illegally
D.denying or not mentioning past crimes
A B C D
B
参看原文Hundreds of employees with access to high-security areas at 15 U．S．airports have been arrested or indicted by federal law enforcement officials for using phony Social Security numbers，lying about criminal convictions or being in the United States illegally．可见，数百名机场雇员被逮捕的原因有：using phony Social Security numbers(使用假冒的社会安全号)；lying about criminal convictions(隐瞒犯罪事实)、being in the United States illegally(非法留居美国)。
2. Figures showed that security screeners were ______ dangerous items.
A.able to detect
B.not able to detect
C.not effective in detecting
D.very effective in detecting
A B C D
C
题干问：Figures showed that security screeners were—dangerous items．在危险物品方面，数据显示安检仪：选项A说能检测；B说不能检测；C说不能高效率地检测；而D说能很高效率地检测。根据原文：security screeners failed to detect knives 70%of the time，guns 30% of the time and simulated explosives 60% of the time．该题答案很容易判断应该为C。
3. Who is/are against the point that. pilots need to be armed?
A.Pilots
B.Federal agents
C.The administration
D.Two members of the House Transportation Committee
A B C D
C
原文Two members of the House Transportation Committee are pushing to reverse the administration's opposition to arming pilots because groups representing pilots are insisting that their members need to be armed as a last line of defense．中文意思是：House Transportation Committee中的两个成员力图推翻administration反对武装pilot。可见，反对武装pilot的是administration。而pilot自身，原文中也有提及，pilot的代表群体坚持认为他们的成员需要被武装，作为他们最后一道安全线。
4. What does the word infamous mean?
A.not famous
B.well known for something bad
C.well known for something exciting
D.well known for something permanent
A B C D
B
infamous声名狼藉的。
5. Which one is NOT true according to the passage?
A.All the passengers are supposed to go through security checks.
B.All the airport workers are supposed to go through security checks.
C.All the flight crews are supposed to go through security checks.
D.Not all the federal officials are, supposed to go through security checks.
A B C D
B
原文中有Some people in the industry wisely have suggested that all airport workers be required to pass through the same metal detectors and other security checks as flight crews do，所以all airport workers没有经过安全检查，因此人们建议应当对他们进行检查。
Part Ⅳ Cloze Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet: When an invention is made, the inventor has three possible 1 of action open to him: he can give the invention to file world by publishing it, keep the idea 2 , or patent it. A 3 patent is the result of a bargain 4 between an inventor and the state, but the inventor gets a limited period of monopoly and publishes full details of his invention to the public after that period 5 . Only in the most exceptional circumstances 6 the lifespan of a patent 7 to alter this normal process of events. The longest extension ever 8 was to Georges Valensi; his 1939 patent for color TV receiver circuit was extended until 1971 because for most of the patent's normal life there was no color TV to 9 and thus no hope for reward for the invention. Because a patent remains permanently 10 after it has terminated, the shelves of the library attached to the 11 office contain details of literally millions of ideas that are free for anyone to use and, if 12 than half a century, sometimes even re-patent. Indeed, patent experts often advise anyone 13 to avoid the high cost of conducting a search through 14 patents that the one sure way of violation of any other inventor's right is to plagiarize a dead patent. Likewise, because publication of an idea in any other form 15 invalidates further patents on that idea, it is traditionally 16 to take ideas from other areas of print. Much modem technological advance is 17 on these presumptions of legal security. Anyone closely 18 in patents and inventions soon learns that most "new" ideas are, in fact, as old as the hills. It is theft reduction to commercial practice, either through necessity or dedication, or through the availability of new technology, 19 makes news and money. The basic patent for the theory for magnetic recording dates back to 1886. Many of the original ideas behind television originate 20 the late 19th and early 20th century. Even the Volkswagen rear engine car was anticipated by a 1904 patent for a cart with the horse at the rear.
也是一种常用用法，involve含有，包括，牵涉，说“某人涉及某事”通常说“somebody be involved in something”，这里是做定语，所以是involved in。
19.
A.which
B.when
C.that
D.where
A B C D
C
这是一个强调句型，为了方便看清句子的结构可以先将句中中间的补充说明部分跳过，这样整个句子就变成了“It is theft reduction to commercial practice that makes news and money．”强调theft reduction，所以这个空应该填that。
Part Ⅴ Writing Directions: In this part, you are asked to write a composition on the title of "Effect of China's Entry into WTO on Ph. D Program in China" with no less than 200 English words. Your composition should be based on the following outline given in Chinese. Put your composition on the ANSWER SHEET.
As China has joined WTO, it will bring about some positive and negative effects on various riel& including economy, agriculture, industry, banking, etc. Education should be regarded as one of these fields, which will be influenced likewise. In my opinion, the influence on Ph. D programs in China will be as follows: There will be, I think, three positive effects. First, Ph. D programs in China will be more open and there will be more joint programs, which will be beneficial to Ph. D candidates because they will be easily exposed to what is happening in foreign countries. Second, there will be competition among Ph. D programs. That means, the best students will be able to participate in the excellent programs. The last one is that something new will be brought into our programs, which will make our programs closer to the frontiers in various research projects. There is only one negative effect as far as I am concerned now. If some foreign programs enter China powerfully, it will cause brain drawn. Some top talents whom the country needs, will go abroad very easily and will not return. Anyhow, I believe that China's entry into WTO will be beneficial to Ph. D education in China.
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