Part Ⅰ Writing Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Low-Carbon Lifestyle. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.
1. 1. 目前低碳生活成为一种流行 2. 低碳生活指的是…… 3. 作为大学生的我应该怎么做
Low-Carbon Lifestyle
[ 范文一]
Low-Carbon Lifestyle
(1) Ever since the World Climate Conference was held in Copenhagen, the term "low-carbon lifestyle" has become a buzzword in our daily life. (2) Everyone, old or young, is talking about it and exerting himself to achieve the low-carbon goal. Even (2) the famous stars are exerting their great influence on the common goal of low-carbon lifestyle. (3) What on earth is low-carbon lifestyle? Low-carbon lifestyle means to lower the emission of carbon, especially carbon dioxide, by reducing the energy we use in our daily life. For common people like us, this is an attitude rather than a capacity. Lowcarbon lifestyle (4) calls for the active participation of all the people in the process of saving electricity and gas, as well as recycling the useful materials. As college students, we should contribute to the revolution of low-carbon lifestyle by all means. (5) Firstly, we should avoid using disposable cutlery to reduce the amount of garbage. (5) Secondly, taking public transport means or walking rather than taking a taxi when traveling is another effective way. (5) Last but not least, both the earth and we will benefit a lot if we eat green food instead of junk food or meat. [范文二]
Low-carbon Lifestyle
(1) Nowadays it is a very common phenomenon to hear people talk about lowcarbon lifestyle. (1) At the same time, we can often see these words on various media. (1) Besides, many related activities are organized to call people to put it into practice. (2) Then what is a low-carbon lifestyle? (3) It refers to a kind of lifestyle in which people do their best to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission into the atmosphere, especially the carbon dioxide. (3) It is a lifestyle which aims to change the old economic development model and people's living modes. (4) It means not only how much we can do at the moment, but also what attitude we take toward life. Everyone should advocate and pursue this kind of lifestyle and (5) here is how I will put it into practice. (5) First, I will go to school or some other places by bike as much as possible instead of by bus. (5) Second, I will use both sides of every piece of paper and save water as well as electricity. (5) Third, I will ask my classmates to join me in these activities. I believe, with the joint effort of people from all walks of life, we can have a better living environment in the future.
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
The End of the Cash Era
In the spring Adam Smith will replace Sir Edward Elgar as the face on Britain's £ 20 note. The first economic thinker to be so honored could well be the last. Not because economists are especially undeserving, but because cash, after millennia as one of mankind's most versatile and enduring technologies, looks set over the next 15 years or so finally to melt away into an electronic stream of ones and zeros. If an era is represented by its money, the information age is at hand. Notes and coins are already a small fraction of the money in most rich countries. But going by the number of transactions rather than their value, we still live firmly in a cash society. The European Payments Council estimates that the European Union's 360 billion cash transactions cost at least ~50 billion a year; others put the bill at £200 a head. Visa, a huge credit-card alliance, reckons cash accounts for most of the $1.3 trillion spent a year across the world on small-ticket items. Whether queuing to get money out and queuing again to spend it, or breaking a $100 bill with an irate (发怒的) cab driver one minute and having your pockets and purses fat with coins the next, cash is plainly still king. Yet signs of the new order are everywhere. On February 12th, 19 telephone operators with networks in over 100 countries said that people would be able to use their handsets to send money abroad. MasterCard will operate the system in which remittances (汇款) will be sent as text messages. For people without bank accounts, the credit can be converted into pre-paid cards which can then be used to buy things. "It will revolutionize the money-transfer business," said Sunil Bharti Mittal, boss of Bharti Airtel, one of India's biggest mobile operators. The idea is to tap into the more than $250 billion a year that immigrants and migrant workers send to relatives and friends back home. Britain's Vodafone and America's Citigroup are also launching an international money-transfer service developed from the M-PESA remittance service which is already operating successfully within Kenya. Sir John Bond, formerly chairman of the HSBC banking group and now chairman of Vodafone, has long been convinced that payments and mobiles would somehow converge. "Mobile phones have the ability to make a dramatic change to village life in Africa," he says. He also thinks phones loaded with credit will make many of the payments people use cash for in rich economies. For banks with high infrastructure costs, says Sir John, it has always "been hard to make money out of small payments". But lower-cost business models, some of them from developing countries, are opening up new opportunities. The big attraction of the mobile phone as a purse is that so many people have them - even children. Both MasterCard and Visa have recently introduced plastic cards in America that do not have to be swiped for purchases under $25. Later this year a "dual interface" system will be tested in London. It will involve a single plastic card which combines an Oyster for travel, a standard Visa card issued by Britain's Barclays Bank for "chip and PIN" payments and a new "wave and pay" Visa for instant transactions up to £ 10. Nobody can be sure how fast bits and bytes will drive out metal and paper. A hundred years ago you could still pay your taxes in Uganda in cowrie shells. Perhaps hard cash will always find a niche, tucked away in children's birthday cards and as money for the unbanked and phoneless. But most of the time a phone or a smart card that can be waved over an electronic reader will beat notes and coins hands-down. The doubt - and the remaining obstacle to digital money - concerns a third property of cash: its anonymity. Gresham's law vs Moore's law Rendering cash as pure information is the final denial of the notion that money has intrinsic value: what was once a carefully weighed piece of gold, silver or bronze has become simply a token. That is a hard-won truth. As John Maynard Keynes once lamented, when it appears governments are able to deceive their citizens by depreciating the currency. Yet when money is minted (铸造) from silicon something remarkable happens. The economics of handling cash - which today involves thick-necked men in crash-helmets - is suddenly embodied by Moore's law, which has seen the cost of computer-processing power fall by half every 18 months or so. Electronic information is instantaneous, weightless and exact. No longer the miserable fumbling through coat pockets while a line of waiting customers quietly fumes. Shopkeepers can do away with expensive cash floats and elaborate ruses to stop cash fraud - such as charging $4.99 so that the $5 bill most people hand over has to pass through the till (现金出纳机 的抽屉) for one cent change rather than being trousered by a shop assistant. Information-money can be handled by any information-processing device. That includes the mobile phone, which can add to money's utility in that its screen can display information clearly and it can link to your bank as a mobile ATM at any time. Visa thinks a contactless digital transaction takes less than half the time of a cash one and that people liberated from what happens to be in their wallets spend a fifth more. Which is why digital cash is now solving its chicken-and-egg problem. In the past shopkeepers would not install systems unless shoppers had electronic cash. And shoppers would not use electronic cash unless they had something to buy. But smart cards and readers have become cheap and consumers now possess mobile phones in droves. The trillions of payments that are too small to bear the fees of paying by credit card have come within reach and almost everyone stands to gain. Some Japanese merchants have already begun to offer discounts to people using electronic cash. Others will follow. The buck stops here Except there is that nagging question of anonymity. It is well known that privacy has a lot going for it. The firms running payment systems might sell information about what you buy and when. Prepare yourself for a barrage of e-coupons and offers designed to fit your profile and uploaded to your phone. And there are more serious concerns. In the cash world, anonymity can be a cloak for wrong doing. The suspicion clings that where you find anonymity you find drugs, fraud, money laundering, terrorist financing and a huge amount of tax evasion. No wonder governments have long sought to control anonymous financial instruments. The state is certain to limit the amount that can pass through an anonymous card, phone, or other means of business. Eager to collect taxes from builders and nannies, it will also be tempted to monitor electronic-cash payments. Whether it does so is a political question, not a technological one. You can design payment systems that protect against fraud and yet preserve anonymity, just as you can design open systems or those that keep your identity secret unless the authorities demand that it be revealed. When it comes to trading convenience against privacy, most people seem to back convenience every time. With cash, however, it might be different. The more the state intrudes into electronic cash, the more it encourages inefficient notes and coin. From the first slave who bought his freedom, money has been what Dostoyevsky called "coined liberty". As Adam Smith would no doubt have observed, just because the state can pry into electronic cash does not mean it should.
1. Why could Adam Smith be the last economist as the face on a bank note?
A.No economic thinker could be more honorable.
B.Cash is very versatile and enduring.
C.We will not need money in the near future.
D.Electronic money will replace cash in the future.
2. The second paragraph mainly indicates that ______.
A.notes and coins play a less important role than before
B.cash still dominates the economic life in the society
C.we don't need as much money in flow as goods value
D.there are many inconveniences in cash transactions
A B C D
B
[解析] The second paragraph [定位处] 第二段 [解析] 题干问的是第二段的主要意思。本段第一句说,纸币和硬币在多数发达国家中只占金钱的一小部分。第二句以but开端,直到段落末尾,都是在讲述现金在我们的社会中依然扮演的重要角色:第二句说我们依然居住在一个现金社会;最后一句说现金仍然是王者(king)。[B]概括了本段的主要意思,是本题的答案,dominates对应原文中的king。 主旨处设题。原文中but后面的大段内容是作者要表达的意思所在。
3. According to Sunil Bharti Mittal, what will revolutionize the traditional money-transfer business?
A.Alliance of telephone operators and MasterCard.
B.The large demand of immigrants and migrant workers.
C.Sending money by text messages.
D.International telephone networks.
A B C D
C
[解析] Sunil Bharti Mittal [定位处] 第三段 [解析] 题干出自第三段中Sunil Bhaiti Mittal的一句话。原文中说it会给money-transfer行业带来革命性影响。代词it指代的是前文中提到的19家电话运营商与万事达合作推出的用手机短信汇款的方法(use their handsets to send money abroad…remittances will be sent as text messages)。[C]与原文意思相符。 引言处设题。本题要求结合文章主题,把握话语中it指代的内容。
4. What does the chairman of Vodafone John Bond think of banks?
A.They can hardly get profit out of small payments.
B.They may disappear in the near future just like cash.
C.They have greatly changed village life in Africa.
D.They hold a primary role in the money-transfer business.
A B C D
A
[解析] the chairman of Vodafone John Bond [定位处] 第四段 [解析] 本段提到沃达丰老总John Bond对当前支付和手机结合趋势的看法,并在第五句中谈到了他对传统的银行的看法:由于需要昂贵的基础设施建设,所以在小额支付业务中,银行要想赚钱是很困难的(been hard to make money out of small payments),所以答案是[A]。 观点处/分隔处设题。句子的主题banks和后面的描述被一个插入结构分隔开来。
5. Visa will introduce a new "wave and pay" card in London for purchases ______.
A.under $25
B.under £10
C.abroad
D.in traveling
A B C D
B
[解析] Visa; "wave and pay"; London [定位处] 第五段 [解析] 第五段介绍了维萨和万事达发放新卡的情况。前面说了在美国的情况。第二句说在伦敦也要进行试用。最后一句具体介绍了试用的情况,发行了三种卡片,最后一种就是在读卡器上照射一下就能完成小额付款的维萨卡,额度最高是10英镑(up to£10),所以答案是[B]“10英镑以下”。 并列处设题。先是美国和英国的分别介绍,然后分别介绍在伦敦发行的三种卡。
6. According to John Maynard Keynes, when can governments use devaluation of currency to take in people?
A.When value is inherent in money.
B.When metal currency becomes a token.
C.When cash can't be used anonymously.
D.When Moore's law begins to work.
A B C D
B
[解析] John Maynard Keynes [定位处] 第一个小标题下第一段 [解析] 本段第一句描述了两种货币观念:信息货币把货币看成是纯粹的信息,不过是一个符号(has become simply a token);而硬通货则认为货币有其内在的固有价值。第二句说“符号”是一个…事实(That is a…truth.)。最后一句是凯恩斯对这种现象的感叹,说这种情况出现时(when it appears),政府可能利用这种情况来使货币贬值,欺骗人民。句中的it指代的就是前面说的“金钱变成符号”这种情况。 条件处设题。凯恩斯的话实际上是在预言货币符号化后的结果。
7. According to Visa, transactions by mobile ATMs can encourage spending by ______.
A.18%
B.5%
C.4O%
D.2O%
A B C D
D
[解析] Visa; mobile ATMs [定位处] 第一个小标题下第三段 [解析] 本段前面说了信息货币的操作方便性,说你随身携带的信息处理工具,比如手机,就像是一个移动的ATM机。最后一句中维萨描述了这种情况对消费行为的影响:交易时间缩短了,不受钱包现金额限制的人们会多花五分之一的钱(spend a fifth more),所以选[D],20%对应原文中的a fifth。 数字处设题。原文中用的是分数,题目中用的是百分数。
8. More and more Japanese shopkeepers encourage using electronic cash by ______.
offering discounts
[解析] Japanese shopkeepers [定位处] 第一个小标题下最后一段最后两句 [解析] 原文中说所以一些日本商户早就开始对使用电子货币的人们提供打折(offer discounts)了。提供打折当然是要鼓励人们使用电子货币。根据题干by的要求,在空格处填入动名词短语。 方式与目的处设题。原文没有明确说出提供折扣的目的,题干则对折扣方式进行提问。
9. To limit wrong doing, governments have long been trying to control ______.
anonymous financial instruments
[解析] wrong doing; governments long been trying to control [定位处] 第二个小标题下第一、二段 [解析] 第一段最后两句提到,匿名性可以遮掩犯罪行为。第二段就介绍了政府由此而采取的管控措施:政府长期以来寻求控制匿名金融工具的使用(have long sought to control anonymous financial instruments)也就不奇怪了。题干中的have long been trying to control对应原文中的have long sought to control,可知答案。 因果处设题。政府采取管控措施是因为看到了这种潜在危害。
10. More people would use notes and coin to protect ______ when electronic cash payments are under strict monitoring.
privacy
[解析] More…notes and coin [定位处] 第二个小标题下最后一段 [解析] 原文中说,在需要对交易的便捷性与隐私性(convenience和privacy)做出选择时,多数人会选择便捷性。但是(however)对于现金,情况就不一样了。政府对电子货币监管越多,就会越促进纸币和硬币这种不怎么便捷的钱的使用。显然,在电子货币监管时代,人们使用纸币和硬币不是为了便捷性,而是为了保护自己的隐私。 转折处设题。原文中however前后人们的选择是相反的。
Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension
Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
[解析] W: Excuse me, Sir. I've been waiting here for nearly 20 minutes just to pay my telephone bill. M: I'm sorry about that. But the computer is down, and everybody has had to wait this afternoon. Q: What's the woman complaining about?
[听前预测] 由选项均为名词短语且都是令人不愉快的经历可知,本题很可能考查某人的不悦或抱怨。 [解析] 对话中女士提到,I've been waiting…20 minutes…to pay…bill(我在这里等待交电话费已经快20分钟了),由此判断,女士抱怨等的时间太长,故答案为[A]。
2.
A.The man is an exceptionally excellent student.
B.The woman is not allowed to give make-up exams.
C.The student's request will be granted.
D.The student won't be able to complete the course.
A B C D
C
[解析] M: May I take a make-up exam next week? W: It's not my policy to give make-up exams, but the circumstances in your case are exceptional. Q: What can we learn from the conversation?
[听前预测] 选项中的student,make-up exams,course等表明,本题可能与学生补考有关。 [解析] 对话中男士提到他是否可以下周补考(take a make-up exam),女士提到,It's not my policy…makeup exams. but the circumstances…exceptional(我一般情况下不允许学生补考,但是你的情况特殊),即男士下周可以补考,他的请求被通过,故答案为[C]。
3. A. He was furious with his boss. B. He was always late for work. C. His daughter's being sick made him late.D. He made a big mistake in his work.
A B C D
D
[解析] M: I was so disappointed to hear that Jim lost his job. I know that his daughter was sick last month, so he was always late to work. W: Oh, that wasn't it. Jim made a big error in this week's accounting. The boss was furious. Q: Why was Jim fired?
[听前预测] 选项中的furious with his boss,late for work及a big mistake等表明,本题可能考查离职的原因。 [解析] 由女士提到的Jim made a big error…The boss was furious推断,Jim被开除是因为在会计工作中犯了大错,故答案为[D]。注意男士提到的his daughter…sick,so he…late for work.(女儿病了…所以他上班总是迟到)不是真正的原因。
4.
A.She had a bad cold.
B.She had a car accident.
C.She got home before 10 o'clock.
D.She was delayed.
A B C D
D
[解析] W: If the traffic wasn't held up for so long, I would have been to class by ten o'clock. M: It's too bad you didn't make it. The professor was looking for you all morning. Q: What happened to the woman?
[听前预测] 选项中的She,bad cold,car accident及delayed等表明,对话可能与女士的不好遭遇有关。 [解析] 对话中女士提到,If the traffic wasn't held up…,I would have been…by ten o'clock(要不是交通堵塞太久,我10点钟就可以赶到学校上课)。女士因为交通堵塞而耽误了上课,故答案为[D]。本题的解题关键是理解虚拟语气句If…I would have…的含义。
5.
A.Mr. Smith will be replaced if he makes another mistake.
B.Mr. Smith is an admirable chief of the Asian Department.
C.Mr. Smith's department is more successful than all the others.
D.Mr. Smith is not available in the office these days.
A B C D
A
[解析] M: The report says all departments are making a profit except the Asian Department. W: Well, Mr. Smith seems to be the wrong person to head that department. One more step wrong and he would be removed from that office. Q: What does the woman mean?
[听前预测] 选项中的Mr. Smith, another mistake, successful,chief等表明,对话可能与Mr. Smith作为领导人的成功或失败有关。 [解析] 对话中女士提到,One more step wrong…removed form that office.(如果他再犯一个错误,就会被撤职),[A]是对女士的话的同义转述,故为答案。
B.He couldn't focus on the class due to the noise.
C.He felt that his studying was not effective.
D.He went back to get the book left at home.
A B C D
C
[解析] W: Why, you're back so early! It's just 10:30. M: I just could not focus on the books. I was so sleepy in the class because last night the noise from the construction site near our house kept me awake till midnight. Q: Why did the man come back so early? [听前预测] 选项中的He, under construction, noise, studying等表明,对话可能与施工噪音对男士的学习产生的影响有关,男士所说的话为听音重点。 [解析] 对话中男士提到,I just could not focus on the books. I was so sleepy…last night the noise…kept me awake.(我集中不了精力看书。我很困…昨晚施工地点的噪音…害得我没睡着…),即男士因为疲倦而学习没有效率,故答案为[C]。
7.
A.Lend the novel to the man.
B.Check if Alice will lend the novel.
C.Buy the novel from Alice.
D.Look for another novel for the man.
A B C D
B
[解析] M: Do you think you can lend me that novel when you are finished with it? I've been looking all over for a copy, but apparently it sold out at all the bookstores. W: Oh, it's not mine. It belongs to Alice. But I'll see what she says. Q: What will the woman probably do? [听前预测] 选项均以原形动词开头表明,对话可能考查建议或将来的动作。Lend, the novel等表明,对话可能与借某人的小说有关。 [解析] 对话中女士提到,It belongs to Alice. But I'll see what she says(这是Alice的书。我要先问问她,看她怎么说),即女士要征求Alice的同意,看看是否借书给男士,故答案为[B]。
8.
A.He has a darker skin now.
B.He went south to get sun-tanned.
C.He could not recognize his mother.
D.He works in a southern state.
A B C D
A
[解析] W: Hi, long time no see. Where have yon been all these days? M: I was on a business trip with my colleagues to the south and it was terribly hot there. I got sun-tanned within 7 days. When I came home, my mother couldn't even recognize me. Q: What do we learn about the man? [听前预测] 选项中的He, darker skin, sun-tanned等表明,对话可能与男士的变化有关。 [解析] 对话中男士提到,I got sun-tanned within 7 days(我七天之内就晒黑了),即男士现在肤色更黑了,故答案为[A]。听清男士去南方是on a business trip(出公差)即可排除[B]。
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
9. A. New foods to try when traveling. B. Making reservations for the best travel. C. Avoiding gaining weight while traveling.D. Adjusting to time changes when traveling
A B C D
D
[解析] 19-22 W: Hi, Jack. Tomorrow's the big day! You must be excited about going to France for your first international conference. M: The trip, yes, but not the preparation. W: What do you need to do except pack? M: You know, you always feel so awful whenever you make a big change in time zones. This time I'm trying an anti-jet-lag program so I'll be alert even for the first day's lectures. W: But how can you avoid jet lag? With that late flight and a six-hour difference in time, it's bound to take you a couple of days to adjust. M: Well, this program's supposed to get your body to feel like it's in the new time zone before you leave. The theory is that the food you eat actually tells your body when to be active and when to be restful, so changing your diet can help you be ready for the time change. You have to alternate feasting and fasting...you know, sometimes eat a lot, sometimes just a little. W: OK. Now I see why you're not enjoying the preparation. I can't quite picture you fasting! M: Actually the worst is already over. Two days before the flight, you're supposed to have only light meals and limit yourself to 800 calories. W: That must have been tough. M: Yeah, but I'm making up for it today. Feast day is much better...though I still don't get to eat any snacks after dinner. 19.What is the conversation mainly about?
[听前预测] 预览四道题的选项,由traveling, different time zone, appetite等可推知,对话很可能与旅行有关,涉及到旅行期间的饮食、准备、时差反应等问题。 [解析] 对话中男士提到I'm trying an anti-jet-lag program…(我正在试反时差症的项目),女士产生疑问:But how can you avoid jet lag?,然后双方都围绕这个话题展开。由此可知,对话讨论的是如何解决时差的问题,故答案为[D]。jet lag意为“飞行时差反应”。 [点睛] 选项中的food, Adjusting, time changes等在对话中均有所提及,故听音时应注意抓住其中的主要信息,避免被只言片语蒙蔽。
10.
A.It changes the body's metabolism through rapid weight gain.
B.It tricks the body into responding as if it were in a different time zone.
C.It promotes increased alertness by adding snacks to the diet.
D.It builds resistance to illness by increasing intake of vitamins.
A B C D
B
[解析] How is the program that Jack is using supposed to work? [解析] 选项中的It changes, It builds, It tricks, It promotes等表明,本题考查It对人体产生的某种影响。由对话中。男士提到的this program's…get your body to feel like it's in the new time zone(这项计划是使人在出发前身体就感觉处在新的时区内),故答案为[B]。 [点睛] [B]是对对话的get your body to feel like it's in the new time zone的同义转述。
11.
A.He feels rushed.
B.He hates to pack.
C.He doesn't like to restrict his diet.
D.He's worried about his lecture.
A B C D
C
[解析] Why isn't Jack enjoying the preparation for his trip? [解析] 选项中的He, feels rushed, hates to pack, doesn't like等表明,本题可能考查男士不乐意做旅行准备的原因。根据对话中男士说的have to alternate feasting and fasting…sometimes eat a lot, sometimes just a little(得大吃和节食交换着)和女士的回应Now I see why you're not enjoying the preparation(现在我知道你为什么不愿意做准备了)可以推断,男士不喜欢做准备是因为不乐意控制饮食,故答案为C。
12.
A.He has a big appetite.
B.He eats only at regular mealtimes.
C.He avoids new foods.
D.He eats only healthful foods.
A B C D
A
[解析] What can be inferred about Jack's usual eating habits? [解析] 选项中的He, big appetite, eats only等表明,本题考查He的饮食习惯。对话中女士提到的I can't quite picture you fasting(很难想象你会禁食),男士所说的limit yourself to 800 calories和女士的反应That must have been tough都表明,男士通常都吃得很多,故答案为[A]。 [点睛] 通过女士所说的话推断男士的饮食习惯是解决本题的关键。此外,联系上题也可推断出本题答案。
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
[解析] 23-25 W: Hi, Sam, I hate to bother you but I wonder if I could have a word with you? M: Sounds so serious. What's up? W: Well, the landlord just informed me that he's going to increase our rent by two hundred. I'm wondering how you feel about it. M: How do I feel about it? No way! In the rental agreement, it says he will have to give us a notice three months in advance if he wants to increase the rent. W: Yeah, that's right! It's gotta be three months later. Well, I think he realizes his rental fee is below the market rate and he must be feeling a bit ripped off when he could be charging a couple hundred extra. What do you think, Sam? Should we agree to the raise or find somewhere else? M: Good question. I'm not sure either. The location we're at now is quite convenient, close to the grocery and near the subway. It'll be hard to find another location like this one. W: I wonder whether he'll allow room for negotiation, perhaps a hundred dollars instead of two. Maybe he might be more willing to give a bit if we speak to him right away. M: Well, he seems to be a nice guy to talk to. But what if he refuses? Would you go for two then? W: Well, I guess I would, since it'll be hard to find such a convenient location. Besides, it's close to my school and I can sleep a little later in the mornings. M: Ha! I figured that's what you'd be concerned about. Well, I have to give it some serious thought. I'm not sure I can afford to cough up an extra hundred a month just to make sure i can sleep in an extra 15 minutes. W: Didn't you get your loan recently? That'll cover what you need. Besides, if you could just stop spending so much on cafeteria snacks you'd have lots of money to spare. M: Yeah, but I'm thinking of getting a new laptop. W: Well, I tell you, there aren't a lot of apartments that are cheaper, even with this new increase. M: I know, so when does he want us to come back on this? W: He told me to let him know this weekend. M: Sure, by then I should be able to make up my mind. 23.What is the main Problem that the speakers have?
[听前预测] 预览三道题的选项,由negotiate with the landlord, rent, subway等可推知,对话话题很可能与租房有关,涉及到与房主的价格协商,住处选择问题。 [解析] 选项概括性强,本题可能考查对话话题。对话一开始女士就提到房东要涨房租,接下来两个人就一直在讨论是同意涨租还是搬走,由此可知答案为[D]。 [点睛] 本题考查对话的话题,概括性很强,对话开头部分往往为其答案出处。
14.
A.Stay and negotiate or move.
B.Buy a laptop or accept the increase.
C.Move closer to the school or the subway.
D.They have no choice but to move.
A B C D
A
[解析] What are the two choices that they face? [解析] 选项大部分以原形动词开头表明,本题可能考查行为动作。前三项都与选择有关,而[D]却说的是没有选择,与其他三项明显不同,故可首先排除。再根据对话中的Should we agree to the raise or find somewhere else?以及I wonder whether he'll allow room for negotiation可知,对话双方有两种选择,即留下来协商或搬走,故答案为[A]。 [点睛] have no choice but…意为“除了…别无选择”。
15.
A.It is close to the school.
B.It is quiet and good for sleep.
C.It has convenient facilities.
D.The rental agreement is good.
A B C D
A
[解析] What is the advantage of staying in the apartment according to the woman? [解析] 结合听前预测可知,选项中的It可能指的是公寓,而[D]与此没有太多联系,故可首先排除。再根据对话中女士提到的it's close to my school可知答案为[A]。 [点睛] A选项对应女士所说的话it's close to my school and I can sleep a little later in the mornings。
Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.
[解析] 26-29 Even at school there had been an unhealthy competition between George and Richard. "I'll be the first millionaire in Coleford!" Richard used to boast. "And you'll be sorry you knew me," George would reply, "because I'll be the best lawyer in the town!" George never did become a lawyer and Richard never made any money. Instead both men opened bookshops on opposite sides of Coleford High Street. It was hard to make money from books, which made the competition between them worse. Then Richard married a mysterious girl. The couple spent their honeymoon on the coast - but Richard never came back. The police found his wallet on a deserted beach but the body was never found. He must have drowned. Now with only one bookshop in town, business was better for George. But sometimes he sat in his narrow, old kitchen and gazed out of the dirty window, thinking about his former rival. Perhaps he missed him? George was very interested in old dictionaries. He'd recently found a collector in Australia who was selling a rare first edition. When the parcel arrived, the book was in perfect condition and George was delighted. But while he was having lunch, George glanced at the photo in the newspaper that the book had been wrapped in. He was astonished - the smiling face was older than he remembered but unmistakable! Trembling, George started reading. "Bookends have bought ten bookstores from their rivals Dylans. The company, owned by multimillionaire Richard Pike, is now the largest bookseller in Australia." 26.What do we learn about George and Richard when they were at school?
[听前预测] 四个题选项中的George, Richard, both of them, missing等表明,短文与George和Richard这两个人的遭遇有关。 [解析] 由四个选项均为They were和表示人际关系的名词可知,本题考查They过去的关系。短文开头提到,Even at school…competition between George and Richard,即两个主人公在上学时就是竞争关系,故答案为[C]。 [点睛] 选项[C]中的competitors是对短文中an unhealthy competition的同义转述。
2.
A.He envied Richard's marriage.
B.He was guilty of Richard's death.
C.He felt lucky with no rival in town.
D.He thought of Richard from time to time.
A B C D
D
[解析] How did George feel about Richard after his disappearance? [解析] 选项中的envied, guilty, lucky, Richard's等表明,本题可能考查George对Richard的遭遇的想法。短文中提到But sometimes he sat…and gazed out…thinking about his former rival,即George有时会想起他以前的竞争对手Richard,故答案为[D]。 [点睛] 问题中的his disappearance是对短文中Richard never came back的同义转述。
3.
A.From the latter's rivals Dylans.
B.From the wrapping paper of a book.
C.From a rare first edition of a dictionary.
D.From a dictionary collector in Australia.
A B C D
B
[解析] Where did George get information about Richard? [解析] 由选项均以From开头可知,本题考查途径。短文中提到in the newspaper that the book had been wrapped in,即George是在包装那本书的报纸上得知Richard的消息的,故答案为[B]。 [点睛] [B]中的the wrapping paper of a book是对短文中newspaper that the book had been wrapped in的同义转述。
4.
A.Both of them realized their original ambitions.
B.Both George and Richard became millionaires.
C.Richard became a millionaire while George had no great success.
D.George established a successful business while Richard was missing.
A B C D
C
[解析] What happened to George and Richard in the end? [解析] 选项中的Both of them, millionaires, ambitions, missing等表明,本题可能考查两人的结局。短文末尾提到multi-millionaire Richard Pike, 即Richard最终成了富翁,但George仍是小书店的老板,故答案为[C]。 [点睛] 听短文和做题时分清楚George和Richard,不要将二人弄混。
Passage Two Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
D.Ma Shwe was holding the baby against the rushing water.
A B C D
D
[解析] 30-32 I suddenly heard an elephant crying as though frightened. Looking down, I immediately recognized that something was wrong, and ran down to the edge of the near bank. There I saw Ma Shwe with her three-month-old baby struggling in the fast-rising water, and it was a life-and-death struggle. Her baby was floating and screaming with fear. Ma Shwe was as near to the far bank as she could get, holding her whole body against the rushing water, and keeping the baby pressed against her huge body. Every now and then the rushing water would sweep the baby away. There was a sudden rise in the water and the baby was washed clean over the mother's body and was gone. Ma Shwe turned quickly to reach it and pressed the baby with her head and trunk against the rocky bank. Then with a huge effort, she picked it up in her trunk and tried until she was able to place it on a narrow shelf of rock. Just at this moment, she felt back into the river. If she were carried down, it would be certain death. I knew, as well as she did, that there was one spot where she could get up the bank, but it was on the other side from where she had put her baby. While I was wondering what I could do next, I heard the sound of a mother's love. Ma Shwe had crossed the river and got up the bank and was making her way back as fast as she could, roaring all the time. But to her baby it was music. 30.What did the speaker see the moment he got down to the river bank?
[听前预测] 选项中的Ma Shwe, the baby, the river, rising water, pressing等表明,短文可能与一对母子在河中的遭遇有关。 [解析] 选项中的The baby, was about to, was placing, was holding等表明,本题可能考查过去某个时间点的场景。短文中提到,说话者到河边时看到Ma Shwe was…holding…against the rushing water, and keeping the baby pressed against her huge body,故答案为[D]。 [点睛] [D]是对文中Ma Shwe was…holding…against the rushing water, and keeping the baby pressed against her huge body的同义转述。
6.
A.By taking it away with her.
B.By carrying it on her back.
C.By putting it on a safe spot.
D.By pressing it against her body.
A B C D
C
[解析] How did Ma Shwe manage to save her baby from the fast-flowing water? [解析] 由选项均以By开头可知,本题考查方式。由文中提到的place it on a narrow shelf of rock可知,Ma Shwe把她的孩子放在安全的地方,故答案为[C]。 [点睛] [C]的a safe spot是对文中a narrow shelf of rock的同义转述。
7.
A.It was a great comfort.
B.It was a sign of danger.
C.It was a call for help.
D.It was a musical note.
A B C D
A
[解析] How did the baby feel about the mother elephant's roaring? [解析] 由文中提到的…roaring all the time. But to her baby it was music可知,象妈妈的吼声对于小象来说像音乐一样动听,因为它能起到抚慰小象的作用,故答案为[A]。 [点睛] 文中提到it was music是指像音乐一样动听,并不是指象妈妈的吼声是乐符,故可排除[D]。
Passage Three Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
[解析] 33-35 We have met the enemy, and he is ours. We bought him at a pet shop. When monkey-pox, a disease usually found in the African rain forest, suddenly turns up in children in the American Midwest, it's hard not to wonder if the disease that comes from foreign animals is homing in on human beings. "Most of the infections we think of as human infections started in other animals," says Stephen Morse, director of the Center for Public Health Preparedness at Columbia University. It's not just that we're going to where the animals are; we're also bringing them closer to us. Popular foreign pets have brought a whole new disease to this country. A strange illness killed Isaksen's pets, and she now thinks that keeping foreign pets is a bad idea. "I don't think it's fair to have them as pets when we have such a limited knowledge of them," says Isaksen. "Laws allowing these animals to be brought in from deep forest areas without stricter control need changing," says Peter Schantz. Monkey-pox may be the wake-up call. Researchers believe infected animals may infect their owners. We know very little about these new diseases. A new bug may be kind at first. But some strains may become harmful. Monkey-pox doesn't look like a major infectious disease. But it is not impossible to pass the disease from person to person. 33.What do we learn about the pet sold at the shop?
[听前预测] 预览三道题各选项,由monkey-pox, animals, rain forest, pets和diseases可知,短文的主题很可能与动物和疾病有关。 [解析] 短文中提到,…monkey-pox…usually found in the African rain forest…turns up in children…it's hard not to wonder if the disease that comes from foreign animals is homing in on human beings,即当猴子天花病在儿童中流行时,人们就怀疑可能是从宠物店里买的外国宠物给人们带来的疾病,故答案为[B]。 [点睛] 捕捉短文长句中的主要信息是解决本题的关键。
9.
A.They attack human beings.
B.We need to study native animals.
C.They can't live out of the rain forest.
D.We do not know much about them yet.
A B C D
D
[解析] Why did Isaksen advise people not to have foreign pets? [解析] 选项中的attack human beings, can't live, do not know much可知,本题可能考查foreign pets的缺点。短文中提到Isaksen认为,因为我们现在对外国宠物的了解有限,所以不应该养外国宠物,故答案为[D]。 [点睛] [D]是对短文中we have such a limited knowledge of them的同义转述。
10.
A.Forbid children to have pets.
B.Stop buying pets from Africa.
C.Fight against more new diseases.
D.Easily get infected by diseases from dogs.
A B C D
C
[解析] What does the passage suggest we may have to do in the future? [解析] 由选项均以原形动词开头可知,本题可能考查建议或将来的动作。由文中提到的wake-up call, infected animals may infect their owners, pass the disease from person to person等可知,由猴子天花病的警示可推测,受到感染的动物会将疾病传染给人类,然后这些疾病会在人与人之间传播,即人类将面临许多新的疾病,
Section C Directions: in this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should cheek what you have written. Personality is to a large extent inherent - A-type parents usually bring about A-type 1 . But the environment must also have a 2 effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children. One place where children 3 up A-characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools 4 the 'win at all costs' moral standard and 5 their success by sporting achievements. The current 6 for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, 7 dead seconds after saying "Rejoice, we conquer!" By tar the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate 8 on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. 9 . Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A-youngsters change into B's. 10 .It is top management. If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values. 11 . It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A-type stock. B's are important and should be encouraged.
[解析] 36-46 Personality is to a large extent inherent - A-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children. One place where children soak up A-characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the 'win at all costs' moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying "Rejoice, we conquer!" By tar the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful. Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A-youngsters change into B's. The world needs A-types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child's personality to his possible future employment.It is top management. If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Selection for the caring professions could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A-type stock. B's are important and should be encouraged.
The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful
[ Main Points ] The merits of competition by examination are somewhat not true, but competition doomed to failure is surely harmful
10.
The world needs A-types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child's personality to his possible future employment
[ Main Points] The world needs A-types, and schools must try to fit a child's personality to his possible future job
11.
Selection for the caring professions could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy
[ Main Points] Selection for the caring jobs could stress less good grades in chemistry and more considerations like sensitivity and sympathy
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Section A Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2. Conventional wisdom says that it is better to be a large company than a small one when credit is tight. Bigger firms have more room for maneuver (机动): They have access to more types of funding, they have more fat to cut, and they have greater bargaining power with lenders. Even so, life is getting ever more uncomfortable for the bigger beasts of the corporate jungle. According to the Federal Reserve's most recent lending survey, American banks are tightening terms more aggressively for bigger firms than for smaller ones. Lenders are more cautious than they have been at least since 1990. The story among European banks is similar. Lenders in emerging markets can be more suspicious of multinational firms than they are of locals. "We just don't know what they've got on their balance-sheets back home," says one bank boss in Africa. Violent movements in exchange rates are causing additional headaches, says Andrew Balfour of Slaughter & May, a law firm. Calculations of financial ratios can be thrown out by wild currency movements, potentially triggering breaches of loan agreements. Companies with sterlingdenominated (以英镑为单位的) credit lines may find that their facilities are not big enough as a result of the pound's recent sharp fall, for instance. It is not panic stations yet. Most firms can survive for a while with the credit tap turned off. Analysis by Moody's, a rating agency, shows that the vast majority of highly rated companies in America and Europe have enough headroom, in the form of cash and undrawn bank facilities, to be able to survive for 12 months without needing new financing. European corporate-debt markets have seen a rare flurry (骤雨) of issues in the past few days by opportunistic, highly rated firms. Governments are also working hard to hold out credit markets. The Fed's program to buy commercial paper, a form of short-term company debt, had acquired almost $300 billion by November 26th. Banks on both sides of the Atlantic are issuing lots of government-backed bonds, which should encourage lending.
1. Why do people usually say that bigger companies are better to tackle with a tight credit?
3. What may borrowers suffer from the violent movements in exchange rates?
Breaches of loan agreements.
[解析] 由题干中的violent movements in exchange rates将本题出处定位于第三段。第一句提到,剧烈的汇率波动会造成新的麻烦,第二句具体指出了这个麻烦的内容原先的计算可能会被彻底推翻,造成贷款协议的破裂(breaches of loan agreements)。对于借款人来说,这个麻烦指的是贷款协议的破裂,银行不愿借钱了,由此可知答案。 解释关系处设题。本段第二句是对第一句中关键词语的具体解释。注意题干中borrowers一词是相对于原文中多次出现的lenders的。
4. How can highly rated companies fund when they run out of credit, cash and undrawn bank facilities?
They issue corporate debt.
[解析] 由题干中的cash and undrawn bank facilities将本题出处定位到第四段。原文前面几段一直在说公司财力的第一个来源:信贷(credit),本段前面两句提到了公司财力的第二、三个来源(cash, undrawn bank facilities)。最后一句则提到,它们还通过在公司债券(corporate-debt)市场大量发行债券来募集资金。由此可知,发行公司债券是另一个融资方式。 并列处设题。解答本题需要清楚地认识到原文的主题是讲公司在面临信贷紧缩时其他的资金来源。
5. Companies could directly borrow money from the federal government through ______.
the Fed's program to buy commercial paper
[解析] 最后一段中提到了政府支持信贷市场的两种方式。第一种是根据计划直接购买公司短期债券(the Fed's program to buy commercial paper),第二种是为公司发行债券提供支持。题干问的是第一种。 不定式定语处设题。题干把to buy commercial paper短语中暗含的意义清晰地表达了出来。
Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One The government of UK is launching a program aiming at helping more families balance their work and home lives. The right to ask employers for flexible working hours was previously limited to parents of children up to the age of six or disabled children aged up to 18. But following a recommendation made by an independent review last year, the government decided to extend the age limit. 4.5 million parents of children aged 16 and under will be able to ask employers for flexible work arrangements in future. A total of 10 million parents will be entitled to request flexible working. Harriet Harman, minister for Women and Equality, said mothers often "tear their hair out" while bringing up children and trying to earn a living. A survey of 1,000 parents by the government's Equalities Office suggested half believed their relationship with their child would improve if their work hours were more flexible. Two thirds said it would be helpful to work flexibly as their children became older, and half of parents whose children were aged between 11 and 16 said they would help with homework if they could find the time. Ms. Harman said: "Children don't stop needing their parents' time when they reach their sixteenth birthday. We have already built a strong foundation of support for families through the right for parents with children under six to request flexible work. But, as any parent knows, older children going through the teenage years need just as much support and guidance." Sarah Jackson, chief executive of campaign group Working Families, said: "The conflict that often seems to exist between family and work is so unnecessary and counterproductive. I would particularly encourage men to consider working flexibly as that has the potential to create stronger families and go some way to addressing the inequalities that still exist in the home." The move is backed by the Confederation of British Industry (CBI), but the CBI has warned that firms may find it difficult to grant requests for flexible working during the recession. Trades Union Congress is another organization that favors the arrangement. Brendan Barber, the general secretary, said the extension would be "good news" for employers. He added, "Companies whose workers enjoy the benefits of flexible working are likely to feel less stressed and less anxious about balancing their lives at home and work, which means they are more committed and productive while at work."
1. Who will have the right to ask for flexible working hours after the UK program is launched?
A.Parents with adult disabled kids.
B.Parents with children younger than 16.
C.Parents with healthy kids under 18.
D.Parents with children older than 6.
A B C D
B
[解析] 根据题干中的the UK program is launched将本题出处定位于文章第一段。该段第四句提到,“…16岁以下儿童的父母将可以向雇主要求弹性工作时间”,[B]与原文意思相符,故为答案,同时排除[D]。该段第二句提到,“只有抚养6岁以下儿童和18岁以下残疾子女的家长才有权利向雇主要求获得弹性工作时间”,[A]和[C]与原文意思不符。 转折处设题。But表转折,是阅读理解的重点。But前是过去的规定,But后是正在实施的新计划。
2. From the survey by the Equalities Office we learn that ______.
A.all parents want more time to help children with their homework
B.few parents have good relationship with their teenage children
C.most parents favor the idea of having flexible working hours
D.parents do not need to spend much time with their older children
4. Why did Brendan Barber regard the extension of flexible working hours as good news?
A.It will minimize office space and save money for the finns.
B.It will solve the companies' problems during the recession.
C.It will make employees more efficient and benefit the finns.
D.It will make everyone feel more relaxed and comfortable.
A B C D
C
[解析] 根据题干中的Brendan Barher将本题出处定位于最后一段。该段第三句中,Brendan Barber说拓宽弹性工作制申请者的适用范围是个“好消息”,紧接着他又说明了原因-they are more committed and productive while at work,因此[C]与原文意思相符。[A]未在文中提及。文中仅说明弹性工作制对雇员和工作都有好处,未提及这就能解决公司的问题,使每个人都轻松,故[B]和[D]属于过度推测。 非限制性定语从句处设题。文章末句中,which引导的定语从句修饰之前的整句话。
5. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
A.flexible working hours satisfies both the employers and employees
B.children's opinion should be taken into consideration
C.flexible working hours has been existing for too long
D.the government is making effort in helping parents
Passage Two Basically, there are three types of fatigue: physical, pathological (由疾病引起的), and psychological. As you might suspect, each differs significantly from the others. When you exercise your body you produce waste products. Muscles, for example, discard lactic acid (乳酸) into the blood; cells dump in carbon dioxide. When these wastes reach a certain level in the blood, the brain is notified and your activity level drops. Excess wastes in the muscles may produce soreness. If the blood of a physically fatigued animal is injected into a rested animal, it will produce fatigue. The solution to this type of fatigue is simple - rest. That should revive you; if it doesn't, another cause should be sought. Have you ever become involved in so many activities that you had to be in two places at once? This is what happens when your body has a disease. The cells are overtaxed and cannot keep up with both fighting the disease and keeping you active. The result is fatigue. Some communicable diseases like the flu and colds are notorious for draining your energy. Other non-communicable diseases, like anemia (贫血), drain you because you are lacking an important body ingredient. Being overweight can cause pathological fatigue. It should be obvious that this type of fatigue is not going to go away without treatment. In a way, pathological fatigue is a lifesaver. It lets you know something is wrong and that you need rest. Even a poor diet can produce pathological fatigue. Frequently, people who go on crash diets develop pathological fatigue, and if the diet is not improved, they may do physical harm to their bodies. Here is the most common type of fatigue. Almost everybody experiences it now and then. Often, the cause is an emotional war you are waging with yourself or those around you. Some of these familiar factors can bring on psychological fatigue: worries, stress, lack of exercise, boredom, depression. If you know someone with psychological fatigue, would you advise him to rest? No way! That might be fine for our other types of fatigue, but for this one, it's deadly. If you are ever going to be able to cope with stress, depression, or worry, you need oxygen in your cells and a more optimistic attitude. Get out of the chair and do something! Believe it or not, many people throw themselves into physical labor like cleaning or carpentry to "defatigue" themselves. If you find yourself in a particularly stressful situation that you can't physically escape, escape mentally. When fatigue continues, maybe you need to get to the root of the problem.
Part Ⅴ Cloze Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. An organization's reputation, profitability, and even its continued existence can depend on the degree to which its targeted publics support its goals and policies. Public relations specialists - also 1 to as communications specialists and media specialists, 2 other titles - serve as 3 for businesses, nonprofit organizations, universities, hospitals, and 4 organizations, and build and 5 positive relationships with the public. 6 managers recognize the importance of good public relations 7 the success of their organizations, they 8 rely on public relations specialists for advice 9 the strategy and policy of such programs. Public relations specialists 10 organizational functions such as media, community, consumer, industry, and governmental relations; political 11 ; interest-group representation; conflict mediation; and employee and investor relations. They do 12 than tell the organizations' story. They 13 understand the attitudes and concerns of community, consumer, employee, and public interest groups and establish and maintain 14 relationships with them and with 15 from print and broadcast journalism. Public relations specialists draft press 16 and contact people in the 17 who might print or broadcast their materials. Many radio or television special reports, newspaper stories, and magazine articles start at the desks of public relations specialists. 18 the subject is an organization and its policies toward its employees or its role in the community. Often the subject is a public 19 such as health, energy, or the environment, and 20 an organization does to advance it.
[解析] 语义衔接题。下句中的Often the subject is对解答本题有很强的提示作用。Sometimes“有时”与Often相照应,用在此处符合语义,故答案为[C]Sometimes。[A]Rarely(很少)、[B]Partially(部分地)和[D]Mostly(主要地)用在此处均不符合语义,故排除。
19.
A.event
B.case
C.incident
D.issue
A B C D
D
[解析] 语义衔接题。空后的such as health, energy, or the environment是对public 80的举例。health(健康),energy(能源),environment(环境)都是公共问题。[D]issue常指公众关心的事物,与public搭配合理,public issue意为“公共问题”,故答案为[D]。[A]event(活动)、[B]case(事例)和[C]incident(事件)均不符合语义,故排除。
20.
A.why
B.that
C.how
D.what
A B C D
D
[解析] 结构衔接题。an organization does to advance it为表语从句,缺少引导词,且缺少does的宾语,选项中只有[D]what既可以作表语从句的引导词,又可作动词does的宾语,故为答案。what相当于things that。 [点睛] [A] why、[B]that和[C]how均不能做does的宾语,故排除。
Part Ⅵ Translation Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.
1. Having had her as a professor and adviser, I can tell you that she is an inspirational force who pushes her students to excel ____________(远胜过他们自己的预期).
far beyond their own expectations
[解析] “他们自己的预期”用their own expectations来表达,注意expectations应为复数形式。由于who引导的定语从句中主、谓、宾语都有了,此处“胜过”应该用副词beyond来表达,“远胜过”应为far beyond,故“远胜过他们自己的预期”翻译为far beyond their own expectations。 [点睛] 翻译时要注意所译部分所充当的语法作用,以选择正确的语法形式填空。
2. Parents often faced the dilemma between doing ____________(他们感到对孩子的发展有好处的事) and what they could stand by way of undisciplined noise and destructiveness.
what they felt was good for the development of the children
[解析] “对孩子的发展有好处”用good for the development of the children来表达。由faced判断,所译部分应用过去式。由doing和between…and…判断,所译部分应起到名词的作用,且与and后的what引导的宾语从句并列,因此所译部分也应为宾语从句,故“他们感到对孩子的发展有好处的事”翻译为what they felt was good for the development of the children。 [点睛] 所译部分为do的宾语从句,而在这个宾语从句中主语为what, they felt为插入语。
3. We ____________(不禁怀疑起他) who bought a luxurious sports car just after the money was stolen from the office.
can't help being suspicious of him
[解析] “不禁”用can't help doing sth.来表达,“怀疑起他”用be suspicious of him来表达,故“不禁怀疑起他”翻译为can't help being suspicious of him。 [点睛] “怀疑他”还可翻译为suspect him,故所译部分也可译为can't help suspecting him。
4. The woman ____________(担心服用这种的副作用), but her doctor reassured her that it is absolutely harmless.
was worried about the side effects of taking this medicine
[解析] 由reassured判断,所译部分应用过去式。“担心”应译为be worried about。“副作用”应用the side effects来表达,由于副作用不止一种,effects应用复数形式。“服用这种药”应用take this medicine来表达,故“担心服用这种药的副作用”应译为was worried about the side effects of taking this medicine。
5. Most people in the modern world ____________(珍视自由与独立胜过其他一切).
cherish freedom and independence more than anything else
[解析] 本句表达的是客观事实,因此应用一般现在时来表达。“珍视”应译为cherish。“自由与独立”用freedom and independence表达。“胜过”可用比较级more来表示,因此“胜过其他一切”可用more than anything else来表示,故“珍视自由与独立胜过其他一切”翻译为cherish freedom and independence more than anything else。