PART ONE · Look at the statements below and at the five extracts about American real estate from a magazine article on the opposite page. · Which extract(A, B, C, D or E)does each statement(1-8)refer to? · For each statement(1-8), mark one letter(A, B, C, D or E)on your Answer Sheet. · You will need to use some of these letters more than once. A At the foot of the Adirondack Mountains of New York you'll find Glens Falls. With attractions like Lake George just a short drive away, tourism has long played a key role in the local economy. But the area, which has about 130,000 residents, is also considered "catheter valley" because of its thriving medical device manufacturina industry. It has become a popular lowercost alternative to nearby Saratoga County, N. Y., and a bedroom community for the state capital of Albany. Home prices in the area will increase by an average of more than 7 percent a year over the next ten years, Moody's Economy com projects. B Corvallis, a town of about 48,000 residents, is home to Oregon State University as well as numerous public agencies. About a third of the area's workers are employed by the government. At the same time, the people of this university town have long possessed a creative, entrepreneurial spark. Corvallis has the highest number of patents per capita in the United States. Large companies like Hewlett-Packard and Samaritan Health Services are among the region's leading private employers. Area home prices should increase an average of more than 5 percent annually over the next ten years, Moody's Economy.com projects. C Founded in the early 1600s, Santa Fe, New Mexico, has a mix of history, art, and outdoor wonders that attracts more than one million visitors to the city annually. Santa Fe also boasts 300 days of sunshine a year. While tourism helps juice the local economy, the city's favourable employment outlook is linked to its abundance of more stable government jobs. Moody's Economy.com expects area home prices to increase by an average of more than 5 percent annually over the next ten years. D The neighbouring cities of Bremerton and Siverdale, Wash., are located on the Kitsap Peninsula, a slip of land surrounded by more than 300 miles of coastline on Puget Sound. Although the Pacific Northwest greenery is enticing, it's the area's stable economy that should drive home price gains in the coming years. A large military presence—of the Navy in particular—helps insulate the local economy from volatility. Moody's Economy.com expects home prices in this area to increase by an average of nearly 9 percent annually over the next ten years. E Although the recent financial turmoil has hurt, Charlotte, N.C. remains the nation's second-leading banking centre and home to corporate giant Bank of America, says Bob Morgan, the president of the Charlotte Chamber of Commerce Charlotte's low-cost, business-friendly climate and diverse economic base should help push home prices higher. Home prices in the Charlotte area should increase by an average of more than 3 percent annually over the next 10 years, Moody's Economy.com projects.
1. This area is neighbouring to the Pacific Ocean.
2. This area boasts the nation's second-leading banking centre.
E
3. This area is located at the near suburb of the capital of the state.
A
4. The presence of military units in this area makes economic stability possible.
D
5. This area is a university town, which is famous for creative patents and successful companies.
B
6. Local economy of this area is prosperous because of the low-cost business environment and diverse economic bases.
E
7. This area is attractive because of its tourism and medical devices manufacturing industry.
A
8. This area is attractive to visitors because of its combination of history, art and natural scenery.
C
PART TWO · Read this text about New York Stock Exchange. · Choose the best sentence from the opposite page to fill each of the gaps. · For each gap(9-14), mark one letter(A-H)on your answer sheet. · Do not use any letter more than once.
New York Stock Exchange
The New York Stock Exchange(NYSE)is the largest stock market in the world and also the oldest financial market in the United States where billions of dollars worth of stock change hands each day. The exchange evolved from a meeting where 24 brokers and merchants signed the historic "Buttonwood Agreement" to trade a handful of securities on what is now Wall Street in New York City in 1792. It was formally constituted as the New York Stock and Exchange Board in 1817. The present name was adopted in 1863. Today, 2,800 companies trade their shares on the NYSE. These companies are all publicly traded. 1 The NYSE is owned by its members. A membership is traditionally called a seat. Membership, limited to 1,366 since 1953, is obtained by purchasing(since 1868)a seat from an existing member. Unlike some of the newer exchanges, the NYSE still uses a large trading floor in order to conduct its transactions. 2 This is called the open outcry system and it usually produces fair market pricing. Only the highest quality companies can choose to list their securities on the NYSE. To be considered for an NYSE listing, companies must meet strict financial and regulatory criteria. 3 And once they do, the NYSE plays a unique role in providing deep and liquid markets for the trading of those securities, benefiting all investors, large and small. Listed companies pay both initial listing fees and annual fees. When companies first list on the NYSE, the company's top officials are often invited to ring the Opening Bell on the NYSE Trading Floor. 4 In addition to having the highest overall listing standards of any securities marketplace in the world, the NYSE is among the world's most well-recognised brand names. 5 In the more than two centuries that have followed, the NYSE has continued to adapt and evolve into the world's largest global equities marketplace. 6 Its mission is to add value to the capital-raising and asset-management process by providing the highest-quality and most cost-effective marketplace for the trading of financial instruments, to promote confidence in and understanding of that process, and to serve as a forum for discussion of relevant national and international policy issues. A Issuers that list with the NYSE benefit from association with this brand name while gaining access to the world's largest, most liquid market for the trading of their securities. B Even meeting these requirements is not a guarantee that the NYSE will list the company. C That means any investor can buy their stock. D Many new exchanges have stopped using the trading floor to conduct their transactions. E It is here that the representatives of buyers and sellers, professionals known as brokers, meet and shout out prices at one another in order to strike a deal. F The NYSE has remained unwavering in its commitment to customers and to building a truly global marketplace with great breadth of product and geographic reach. G It was formally constituted as the New York Stock and Exchange Board in 1817. H Ringing the Bell, which signals the start and close of the trading day, is part of the NYSE's rich heritage and signifies the opportunities the financial markets provide.
[解析] 所缺句子的前一句话意为：想要在纽约股票交易所上市，各公司必须达到严格的财务及管理标准。后一句话意为：一旦他们这样做了，纽约股票交易所为那些有价证券的交易提供了多层式、流动性的市场，令大大小小的投资人获利。由此可推断出所缺句子应是关于想在纽约股票交易所上市的公司这方面的内容，而B项意为：即使这些公司达到了这些要求，纽约股票交易所也不能保证其能在这里上市。另外，B项中的meet these requirements与文中的meet strict financial and regulatory criteria相呼应。因此，B项为正确答案。
4.
H
[解析] 前一句话意为：当公司第一次在纽约股票交易所上市，该公司的高管就会被邀请敲响纽约股票交易所交易台上的开市钟。由此可推断出，所缺句子应是与敲响开市钟相关的内容。H项以Ringing the Bell开头，且该句意为：敲响此钟，标志着交易日的开始和结束，它是纽约股票交易所众多传统的一部分，表明了金融市场提供了诸多机会，是对“开市钟”的进一步阐述。故选此项。
PART THREE · Read the following article about responsibility for the natural environment and the questions on the opposite page. · For each question(15-20), mark one letter(A, B, C or D)on your Answer Sheet. The difficulty of balancing profits and social responsibility is very apparent when you consider environmental issues. Consumers value the goods and services that business produces, but businesses cannot produce goods and services without polluting to some degree. Businesses strive to lower their costs in order to offer products to consumers more efficiently and to make profits for investors, but sometimes it is necessary for businesses to spend more in order to pollute less. When such situations arise, whose interests should be served first—those of society, the consumer, or the investor? Clearly, this question has no easy answer, but examining how businesses pollute may provide some perspectives. Economic progress threatens our air, water, and land because these elements can so easily be tainted by pollution. Moreover, the pollution in any one element can easily taint the others. This problem is pervasive in industrialised and developing nations alike. In fact, the emerging economies of Asia and Latin America have built much of their growth on very loose environmental standards. But Mexico, Malaysia, and other countries are realising that their prosperity can be sustained only if their citizens can enjoy a quality of life that comes with a clean environment. At the same time, the countries of Eastern Europe are scrambling to reverse the decade of environmental neglect that occurred around the middle of the 20th century. As you can imagine, this is no easy task. The most noticeable form of air pollution, smog, is produced by the interaction of sunlight and hydrocarbons(gases released when fossil fuels are burned). We need only look at the smog that hangs over many major cities of the world to know that air pollution is a problem that businesses, consumers, and governments must address together. Another damaging air pollutant is acid rain, created when emissions from coal-burning factories and electric utility plants react with air. In addition, emissions from factories and cars pollute the air and contribute to global warming through the greenhouse effect, in which heated gases form a layer of unusually warm air around the earth, trapping the sun's heat and preventing the earth's surface from cooling. Experts worry about airborne toxins that are emitted during some manufacturing processes. Large and small companies together release millions of pounds of chemical wastes into the air each year. Although the effects of many of these substances are unknown, some are known to be cancer causers. Of special concern in recent years are microscopic particulates in the air that may be responsible for more than 150,000 deaths each year. Our air is not the only part of our environment to suffer. Water pollution has damaged many U.S. lakes, rivers, stream, harbours and coastal waters. This pollution comes from a variety of sources: manufacturing facilities, mining and construction sites, farms, and city sewage systems. The main threat is the careless day-to-day disposal of wastes from thousands of individual sources. Even if all wastewater were purified before being discharged, our groundwater would still be endangered by leakage from the millions of tons of hazardous substances that have been buried underground or dumped in improper storage sites. Much of this pollution was created years ago by companies that carelessly—but legally—disposed of substances now known to be unhealthy. Cleaning up these wastes is extremely difficult and expensive. In addition, companies and individuals generate enormous amounts of solid waste—over 200 million tons in the United States each year. Much of this waste ends up in landfills. A large part of the problem is consumer demands for convenience and fashion. These demands lead to creating disposable items, manufacturing products with excess packaging, and discarding useful items that are no longer the hot style or colour. Fortunately, recent efforts to conserve and recycle resources are helping to combat the land pollution problem.
1. What is the problem that businesses face when considering environmental issues?
A.Businesses face the problem of producing goods and services that customer needs.
B.Businesses face the problem of lowering costs.
C.Businesses face the problem of making more profits for investors.
D.Businesses face the problem of balancing profits and social responsibility.
4. Experts worry about airborne toxins that are emitted during some manufacturing processes because
A.companies release millions of pounds of chemical wastes into the air each year.
B.the effects of many of these substances are unknown.
C.some airborne toxins are known to be cancer causers.
D.microscopic particulates in the air are responsible for 150,000 deaths each year.
A B C D
C
[解析] 该题目问及专家担心空气中毒素的原因。此段提到毒素是在某些生产过程中释放出来的，大大小小的公司每年向空气中排放几百万磅化学废物。虽然许多毒素的影响还不为人知，但是其中的一些可以导致癌症。这些年备受关注的就是空气中的一些微粒有可能是导致每年超过十五万人死亡的原因。综合四个选项，C项表述与此相符；A、B项所述内容原文虽有提及，但不是原因；D项内容与原文有偏差，原文是may be responsible而不是are responsible，所以，确定C项为正确选项，排除其他三项。
5. How would our groundwater be endangered according to the fifth paragraph?
A.It would be endangered by manufacturing factories.
B.It would be endangered by leakage from masses of hazardous substances that were buried underground or dumped in improper storage sites.
C.It would be endangered by careless day-to-day disposal of wastes from thousands of individual sources.
D.It would be endangered by substances which are thrown away carelessly by companies.
PART FOUR · Read the article below about corporate culture. · Choose the correct word to fill each gap from A, B, C or D on the opposite page. · For each question(21-30), mark one letter(A, B, C or D)on your Answer Sheet. A corporate culture or company's culture is its personality. It tells people how to do their work. It takes its signals from leaders. It 1 motivation, morale, creativity, and marketplace success. How do you manage it? Company culture is the 2 personality of the organisation. It determines how members act, how energetically they 3 to teamwork, problem solving, innovation, customer service, prodactivity, and quality. It is a company's culture that makes it safe or not safe for a person, division or the whole company to 4 issues and solve problems, to act 5 new opportunities, or to move in new, creative directions. A company's culture is often at the root of difficult people-related problems such as motivation, morale, absenteeism, communications, teamwork, retention, injuries, and insurance claims. Because a company's culture affects everything in it—including profits—culture is the real bottom line. A company with a well-developed culture, open to all that its members want to bring, easily 6 competitors. Culture and personality are similar. When people describe a national, regional, or organisational culture they use words that can 7 a person. For example we might say that a culture is "friendly" or "tough" . It might be "driven and aggressive" . It might be "active" , "analytic" , or "open" . 8 a culture is created every time a group of people come together to form a team, a company will have many sub-cultures that exist within its main culture. For example, the marketing and technology teams may have different worldviews, jargon, work hours, and ways to do things. A big 9 for today's company is to create a strong, 10 corporate culture that pulls all of the sub-cultures together and ensures that they can work as a unified team.
PART FIVE · Read the article below about business ethics. · For each question(31-40), write one word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet. Business Ethics Business ethics are a form of applied ethics that examine ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment. Applied ethics are a field of ethics that deal 1 ethical questions in many fields such as medical, technical, legal and business ethics. Business ethics are relevant 2 the conduct of individuals and also relevant to the conduct of the business organisations as a 3 In the increasingly conscience-focused marketplaces of the 21st century, the demand for more ethical business processes and actions 4 increasing. Simultaneously, pressure is applied on industry to improve business ethics through new public initiatives and laws. Businesses can often attain short-term gains by acting in an unethical fashion; however, 5 antics tend to undermine the economy over time. Business ethics can be 6 a normative and a descriptive discipline. The range and quantity of business ethical issues reflect the degree to 7 business is perceived to be 8 odds with non-economic social values. Historically, interest in business ethics accelerated dramatically during the 1980s and 1990s, both with major corporations and within academia. For example, today most major corporate websites lay emphasis on commitment 9 promoting non-economic social values under a variety of headings. In some cases, corporations have redefined their core values 10 the light of business ethical considerations.
1.
WITH
[解析] deal with是固定搭配，表示“处理，应付”。
2.
TO
[解析] be relevant to表示“与……有关”，与本句后半部分also relevant to是并列成分。
3.
WHOLE
[解析] as a whole表示“作为一个整体”，与前半句中individuals相对应。
4.
IS
[解析] 此句的主语是demand，因此谓语动词应用第三人称单数is。
5.
SUCH
[解析] such antics指代前半句中“Businesses can often attain short-term gains by acting in an unethical fashion”。
PART SIX · Read the business cover letter below. · In most of the lines(41-52), there is one extra word. It either is grammatically incorrect or does not fit in with the sense of the text. Some lines, however, are correct. · If a line is correct, write CORRECT on your Answer Sheet. · If there is an extra word in the line, write the extra word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet. Suzanne Smith, a regional sales manager at Cure-All, suggested I will write to you regarding a possible full-time staff position in your sales department. 41．I have heard a great deal about Cure-All over the few years and know it is a 42．well-respected and innovative leader in the pharmaceuticals industry. I would love the 43．opportunity to begin with my professional career at such an organisation. I am 44．graduating from the Saint Michael's College in May with a major in Economics. 45．Through my academic training, I have been acquired a firm understanding 46．of which business practices and the business applications of computers. 47．My previous employment has involved in extensive customer service and retail sales. 48．In addition, for the past two years when I have been employed at Dale Associates 49．in Burlington, Vermont, as a research assistant, a position that has made me most 50．familiar with a wide variety of resources and research tools. As a result 51．of these experiences, I have developed on the technical, organisational and 52．interpersonal skills being necessary to succeed in a major pharmaceutical company.
1.
FEW
[解析] the few表示“少数，不多”之意。本文是求职说明信，申请人想表达“近些年来对该公司了解甚多”之意，因此不应强调“很少的几年中”。而over the years的意思是“这些年来，在这几年中”，符合句意，故FEW多余。
2.
CORRECT
[解析] 此行语句通顺，无多余之词，行文正确。
3.
WITH
[解析] begin with意为“以……开始”，而begin后直接跟宾语，意为“开始……”。此句意为“我希望有机会在这样一家企业开始我的职业生涯”，故WITH多余。
1. ·The graph below shows the turnover of three products, all owned by the same company. during a three-year period. · Using the information from the graph, write a short report describing and comparing the changes in turnover in the company. · Write 120-140 words.
[写作范文] This report aims to summarise the changes in turnover for three products, owned by one company, over a three-year period. In the year 2004, a turnover of forty million pounds reached in washing machines. There was a sharp rise of turnover in 2005, and the upward trend continued through the next year. The heaters had the smallest turnover altogether, forty million pounds in 2004, a noticeable drop to ten million in 2005 and a slight increase of five million in 2006. The cookers' turnover in 2004 was the highest, reaching fifty million pounds, then fell to thirty million pounds in 2005, and kept unchanged in the final year. The overall highest turnover of ninety million pounds was obtained by washing machines in 2006, and the smallest turnover was made in heaters in 2005.
PART TWO Write an answer to one of the questions 2-4 in this part Write your answer in 200-250 words.
1. · You work for Maruman stores and have been asked by your Managing Director to write a report on possibility of opening a creche at the Notting Hill branch. · Write the report for the Managing Director, including the following information · the methods you carry out your research into the market · the outcome of your investigation · a reasonable conclusion · recommendations as to its suitability for your company's future plan.
[写作范文]
REPORT ON POSSIBILITY OF OPENING A CRECHE
INTRODUCTION Mrs. Lillian Cheng asked me to investigate the opening of a crèche at the Notting Hill branch. In order to do this the following steps were taken: 1 I obtained a breakdown of figures showing the number of customers with young children. 2 I discussed this issue with several customers who brought children to the store. 3 The accommodation, staffing and insurance issues were considered. 4 I investigated the experience of other shops that already have a crèche. DISCUSSION 1 7.3% of Maruman customers have at least one child under the age of 3. 2 The majority of customers interviewed said they would use a crèche if the cost was reasonable. Some of these customers also commented that other friends who are not present might also consider visiting the shop if there was a crèche. 3 There are strict laws and regulations concerning accommodation and staffing of a crèche. The site would have to be approved to run a crèche before we could start one. 4 Staff appointed to run the crèche would have to be fully qualified. 5 A suitable space would have to be found. This would require running water as well as toilets. The crèche would have to be close to the store entrance but due to noise level it should be kept separated from the main store. 6 The company would be required to ensure adequate insurance. 7 Many rival stores in the neighbourhood are offering crèche facilities. CONCLUSIONS A crèche would be popular and well-used if we decided to go ahead with this. RECOMMENDATIONS I suggest that the company should give further consideration to offer a creche and investigate the financiaI aspects that would be involved.
2. · The company you work for has recently created a new product—the Dictaphone. Your Marketing Manager asked you to write sales letters to the potential customers. · The letter should include the following information · arousing the interests of the customers · commenting on the features of the new product · inducing the customers' action to purchase.
[写作范文] May 15, 2008 Dear Mr. Bown, We recommend to record your dictation—on our Dictaphone—and it can be doing other jobs while you dictate. The Dictaphone is economical, efficient, reliable, so it will help you keep satisfactory work. The Dictaphone is economical, it costs little. For a whole year, the Dictaphone can work hard for your company, and it just costs less than an average month's salary for a secretary! Simply post the recorded messages back to your secretary for typing. The Dictaphone is efficient. It will make dictation anywhere at any time—during lunch-hour, in the evening, at home—you can even dictate while you are travelling or away on business. It is unbelievably simple to use—just slip in preloaded cassette, and press a button. The Dictaphone is reliable. It gives super quality with every syllable as clear as a bell. It can record your dictation, interviews, telephone conversations, reports, instructions or whatever. Nothing could be simpler! The Dictaphone, our new product, is in regular use in thousands of offices all over the country. Some of your business friends are sure to be using the Dictaphone. Ask them about it before you place an order and we are sure they will back up our claims. And with our unique after-sales service contract, you are assured lasting operation at the peak of efficiency. Yours sincerely,
3. · Following complaints from the employees, your Chief Executive asked you to write a proposal introducing flexible working hours. · Write a proposal for the Chief Executive · summarising the present situation · pointing out why complaints have been made · presenting how your proposal might affect staff.
[写作范文] At present, almost all employees of ANN Ltd. work from 9:00 to 5:00. A handful of them work from 9:30 to 5:30 Many staff, though not all, are unhappy with this and prefer a more flexible arrangement. For the company itself, this dissatisfaction among staff leads to low morale and reduced productivity. It also makes it harder to attract and retain good staff. Some of the employees of ANN Ltd., are working mothers and would like to be able to take their children to and from school. Some, particularly the older employees, have sick or elderly relatives who make demands on their time which do not fit comfortably with their working hours. Given the number of staft asking for more flexible working hours, and the importance of staft motivation, it seems sensible to adopt some kind of flexible approach, to identify the factors involved in introducing flexible working hours, and to examine advantages and disadvantages of it. The system of limited flexibility should be introduced to ANN Ltd. now, retaining the option of increasing flexibility later if this seems appropriate. Staft can start work any time between 8.00 and 10.00 am and work through for eight hours. This would not solve all employees' problems but it would solve most of them. By doing so, the staff can work according to the schedule and make their personal lives well-arranged as well.
LISTENING
PART ONE · You will hear a speaker addressing a group of investors attending a seminar to learn about problems facing potential exporters. · As you listen, for questions 1-12, complete the notes, using up to three words or a number. · After you have listened once, replay the recording.
PROBLEMS FACING POTENTIAL EXPORTERS
1 In order to be successful, a firm must clearly______, objectives and potential problems. 2 If a company doesn't have some expertise and______, it may not be able to enter the first step. 3 Initial difficulties and______are often failed by the top management. 4 Compared with the domestic market, it is time-consuming and tiresome to establish a firm in a______. 5 The benefits would at last outweigh the investment, if a good foundation is laid for______. 6 The reason why______act more independently is that the overseas communications and transportation is more difficult than their counterparts at home______. 7 It is not easy to account for a new foreign market, and foreign customers have a large part to rely on the______. 8 The difficulty for the new exporter is the neglect of the______at the time that the domestic market booms. 9 Many companies are reluctant to improve their products to meet the regulations of______of other countries. 10 If exporters expect distributing agents to have a better performance, they must locate ______permanently in the local regions. 11 The distributor and the domestic counterparts should be treated______. 12 In general, ______is needed for success in using the combination of marketing techniques.
[解析] 1-12 Man: Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. I'm honoured to have this opportunity to talk to you. My name is Tony Brown, and I'm Chief Executive of the Marketing Research. Many firms fail because when they begin exporting they have not researched the target markets or developed an international marketing plan. To be successful, a firm must clearly define goals, objectives and potential problems. Secondly, it must develop a definitive plan to accomplish its objective, regardless of the problems involved. Unless the firm is fortunate enough to possess a staft with considerable expertise, it may not be able to take this crucial first step without qualified outside guidance. Often top management is not committed enough to overcome the initial difficulties and financial requirements of exporting. It can often take more time and effort to establish a firm in a foreign market than in the domestic one. Although the early delays and costs involved in exporting may seem difficult to justify when compared to establish domestic trade, the exporter should take a more objective view of this process and carefully monitor international marketing efforts through these early difficulties. If a good foundation is laid for export businesses, the benefits derived should eventually outweigh the investment. Another problem area is in the selection of the foreign distributor. The complications involved in overseas communications and transportation require international distributors to act with greater independence than their domestic counterparts. Also, since a new exporter's trademarks and reputation are usually unknown in the foreign market, foreign customers may buy on the strength of the distributing agent's reputation. A firm should therefore conduct a thorough evaluation of the distributor's facilities, the personnel handling its account, and the management methods employed. Another common difficulty for the new exporter is the neglect of the export market once the domestic one booms: too many companies only concentrate on exporting when there is a recession. Others may refuse to modify products to meet the regulations of cultural preferences of other countries. Local safety regulations cannot be ignored by exporters. If necessary modifications are not made at the factory, the distributor must make them, usually at a greater cost and probably not as satisfactorily. It should also be noted that the resulting smaller profit margin makes the account less attractive. If exporters expect distributing agents to actively promote their accounts, they must be trained, and their performance continually monitored. This requires a company marketing executive to be located permanently in the distributors' geographical region. It is therefore advisable for new exporters to concentrate their efforts in a few geographical areas until there is sufficient business to support a company representative. The distributor should also be treated on an equal basis with domestic counterparts. For example, special discount offers, sales incentive programmes and special credit terms should be available. Considering a joint-venture or licensing agreement is another option for new exporters. However, many companies still dismiss international marketing as unviable. There are a number of reasons for this. There may be import restrictions in the target market, the company may lack sufficient financial resources, or its product line may be too limited. Yet, many products that can compete on a national basis can be successful in the majority of world markets. In general, all that is needed for success is flexibility in using the proper combinations of marketing techniques.
[题眼锁定] To be successful, a firm must clearly define goals, objectives and potential problems. [答案精解] 从录音原文中可知，一个公司要取得成功，就必须明确自己的目标，思考面临的潜在困难。
2.
QUALIFIED OUTSIDE GUIDANCE
[解析] Unless the firm is fortunate enough to possess a staff with considerable expertise, it may not be able to take this crucial first step without qualified outside guidance. [答案精解] 从录音原文中可知，如果一个公司没有专业的人员，也没有合格的外部指导，那么它不可能迈出其成功的第一步。
3.
FINANCIAL REQUIREMENTS
[解析] Often top management is not committed enough to overcome the initial difficulties and financial requirements of exporting. [答案精解] 从录音原文中可知，通常情况下，高层管理者没有负起足够的责任去摆脱出口最初面临的困境，克服资金需求方面的困难。
4.
FOREIGN MARKET
[解析] It can often take more time and effort to establish a firm in a foreign market than in the domestic one. [答案精解] 从录音原文中可知，通常情况下，在国外建立公司比在国内建立公司需要花费更多的时间和精力。
5.
EXPORT BUSINESSES
[解析] If a good foundation is laid for export businesses, the benefits derived should eventually outweigh the investment. [答案精解] 从录音原文中可知，如果出口企业奠定了良好的基础，最终获得的收益将大于最初的投入。
6.
INTERNATIONAL DISTRIBUTORS
[解析] The complications involved in overseas communications and transportation require international distributors to act with greater independence than their domestic counterparts. [答案精解] 从录音原文中可知，海外通信和交通方面所面临的困难使得国际销售商比国内销售商拥有更大的独立性。
7.
DISTRIBUTING AGENT'S REPUTATION
[解析] …since a new exporter's trademarks and reputation are usually unknown in the foreign market, foreign customers may buy on the strength of the distributing agent's reputation. [答案精解] 从录音原文中可知，在国外市场，一个新的出口公司的商标通常不为人熟知，名气不大，所以外国的消费者可能依靠经销商的知名度来购买产品。
8.
EXPORT MARKET
[解析] Another common difficulty for the new exporter is the neglect of the export market once the domestic one hooms. [答案精解] 从录音原文中可知，新出口商所面临的另一个普遍的问题是在国内市场繁荣的时候容易忽视出口市场，也就是国际市场。
9.
CULTURAL PREFERENCES
[解析] Others may refuse to modify products to meet the regulations of cultural preferences of other countries. [答案精解] 从录音原文中可知，其他出口公司不愿意为了迎合其他国家的文化偏好而去改进其产品。
10.
(A)MARKETING EXECUTIVE
[解析] This requires a company marketing executive to be located permanently in the distributors' geographical region. [答案精解] 从录音原文中可知，这就需要一家公司在销售商所在地区永久配备一名营销经理。
11.
EQUALLY
[解析] The distributor should also be treated on an equal basis with domestic counterparts. [答案精解] 从录音原文中可知，海外的经销商应得到和国内经销商同等的待遇，就是受到同样的重视。
12.
FLEXIBILITY
[解析] In general, all that is needed for success is flexibility in using the proper combinations of marketing techniques. [答案精解] 从录音原文中可知，总的来说，成功所需要的是能够灵活运用营销技巧。
PART TWO · You will hear five different people talking about problems and responses to them in the companies where they work. · For each extract, there are two tasks. For Task One, decide which problem each speaker mentions from the list A-H. For Task Two, decide which response the company made to the problem from the list A-H. · After you have listened once, replay the recording. Task One-Reason · For questions 13-17, match the extracts with the problems, listed A-H. · For each extract, decide which problem of the company is mentioned. · Write one letter(A-H)next to the number of the extract. A Limited by shortage of manpower. B Getting cancellations of orders from customers. C Being difficult to demonstrate a new product. D Reasons for previous success were misunderstood. E The company got cashflow problem. F The sales revenue is not satisfactory. G We received complaints from our customers. H The directors' experience was narrow.
[解析] 13-22 Man: Our corporation always have a good performance since we entered into the new market. We are getting ahead of our competitors in terms of the profits, but we didn't just take pride in the contemporary achievements. We have launched a series of campaigns targeting our potential customers. And we thought we made a perfect plan in advertising, research and after-sales service. But recently we've been getting cancellations of orders from clients, saying they've been receiving faulty goods. We need to improve the system—not only making our work more efficient, but also paying more attention to the random checking. We want to invite the working staffs from the consulting firm for their professional advices. And sales team leaders need to watch the situation carefully and report cancellations to head office immediately. Woman: With our company boasting an increasing number of loyal customers, I've been trying to find ways of increasing production in order to grab more market and make more profits. I've introduced new shifts and production targets. But at the end of the day, we're limited by a constant manpower shortage. Last month three of our best people left us because of bad working relationships. I went to something called a "team synergy laboratory" , which was for the managers, supervisors and all the staff of my department. The idea was to focus on everyone's behaviour and working relations. It's a very powerful experience, as you can imagine, because it brought up all sorts of feelings. It's clear that, unless we can keep trained staff, our production problem won't go away. Man: When I first read the report, I was very disappointed. In our latest market research exercise, we did a survey in terms of advertising, publicity, customer services. Our results are well below the target, in spite of using the consultants, and the new strategies we've been applying. To make matters worse, we got a lot of complaints. I can't understand it at all. It also seems that we are not really getting our message across to the media properly—we need to manage that better. In order to try and get clear what's going on, I'm going to need input from various sections. What I'd like from you, as soon as you can, is price comparisons for the different regions. I'll also need a report on how useful the consultants' advice was. Woman: The new products that we newly launched are as good as we predicted. As expected, we received a great number of customers and potential partners. But the problem is the company's got cashflow difficulties at present—the problems lies with our larger customers. They've been delaying payments and we are in danger of going into the red. Against the backdrop of the economic downturn, we can't just sit back and do nothing. If this situation keeps moving on, it would be like a domino effect. Eventually, it is harmful for our economic running. I'm negotiating with these clients to find a solution. If I don't succeed, we may not be able to pay our own bills. Man: I sometimes do think that the people who know least about a company are the people who run it…that's why there's such an industry in advising on and supplying the skills for managing change. We went along assuming that we were selling well because of what we saw as our core qualities, but we were wrong. It was just that we happened to have got our pricing right, so when we change that, it all started falling apart. Things got decidedly grim for a time, and drastic action was required. A merger was considered, and an aggressive takeover had to be fought off. In the end, it was easier to accept an offer for the Budget Products Division, and avoid major redundancies, than to go on trying to keep the whole thing afloat.
[答案精解] 从“But recently we've been getting cancellations of orders from clients…”可知，收到了客户的悔单，符合题意，其他选项在正文中均未提及。
2. __________
A
[解析] 从“But at the end of the day, we're limited by a constant manpower shortage。”可知，人手不足，故此句符合题意。
3. __________
G
[解析] 从“To make matters worse, we got a lot of complaints.”可知，我们收到了投诉。
4. __________
E
[解析] 从“But the problem is the company's got cashflow difficulties at present”可知，公司的现金流转出现了问题。
5. __________
D
[解析] 从“We went along assuming that we wete selling well because of what we saw as our core qualities, but we were wrong.”可知，对公司前期的成功出现了误判。
Task Two-Reaction · For questions 18-22, match the extracts with the responses, listed A-H. · For each extract, decide which response the company made to the problem. · Write one letter(A-H)next to the number of the extract. A Large severance payment were made. B Keep trained staff. C Next time, a better schedule need to be arranged. D Make joint efforts and price comparisons. E Ask consultants for professional advices. F We should think out a new plan and an advertising campaign. G Conduct negotiations with customers. H One division was sold off.
6. __________
E
[解析] 从“We want to invite the working staffs from the consulting firm for their professional advices.”可知，邀请顾问给予相应的专业意见，故此项符合题意。
7. __________
B
[解析] 从“It's clear that，unless we can keep trained staff，our production problem won't go away.”可知，如果我们不能继续培训我们的员工，我们的生产问题将无法解决。
8. __________
D
[解析] 从“What I'd like from you, as soon as you can, is price comparisons for the different regions.”可知，我们应比较一下不同地区的价格。
9. __________
G
[解析] 从“I'm negotiating with these clients to find a solution.”可知，我正在和客户协商找到解决问题的办法。
10. __________
H
[解析] 从“In the end, it was easier to accept an offer for the Budge Products Division…”可知，出售一个部门。
PART THREE · You will hear a radio interview with Richard Wood, the founder of Bookstore, a company that sells books on the internet. · For each question(23-30), mark one letter(A, B or C)for the correct answer. · After you have listened once, replay the recording.
1. Why did Richard give up his job in an investment corporation?
A.Because at that time there were too many graduates of computer science
B.Because he loved books more than computers
C.Because he felt that internet had a bright future
A B C
C
[解析] 23-30 Woman: Good morning, Richard. Now, in 1994 you were a computer science graduate with a good job working for an investment company …and then you started Bookstore. Why? Man: Well, I was thirty and settled at work, but then I came across a report predicting annual internet growth at 23%. The figure was like an alarm clock ringing in my head I started to think about the regrets I might have at eighty. I realised I probably wouldn't even remember the things that seemed important in my thirties(like getting my end-of-year pay bonus). But I'd definitely tell myself I'd been a fool to ignore the internet. Woman: How did you go about choosing a product? Man: Well, I drew up a list of twenty products, from clothes to gardening tools, and from that I got a shortlist of five, and then I assessed them. I thought about market growth in different countries and I also did some research into suppliers. But there were other important retail for too high a figure. I thought that since many people would be buying from the internet for the first time, they might be afraid to take a risk with large amounts of money. Woman: And what made you decide on books? Man: Well, basically, I found out that books had an eighty-two billion dollar market worldwide. There's also a high demand for CDs—a product I nearly went for—but with books there's much wider choice. There're 3 million items in the book category, but only 300,000 in CDs. This choice meant the capabilities of the computer—in organisation and selection—could be put to good use. Woman: Bookstore has certainly been very successful. Why do you think that is? Man: Well, it's not been easy. For the first five years, it was a struggle raising funds and developing the right software. The ideas weren't the difficult bit. If you and I sat down here for an hour, we'd come up with a hundred good ideas. The hard bit is making those ideas work. There are several key elements, which for me were research, recruiting the right staff, and prioritising. Woman: And you're satisfied with your customer growth? Man: Well, it was a bit slow at first but then it picked up and from May 1997 we started to see our greatest growth. We went from a hundred and twenty million dollars annual sales revenue to two hundred and thirty million dollars by the end of that year, and from 340,000 customers to 15 million. 58% of them were repeated customers. By 1998, sales had reached almost three hundred and tea million dollars. Woman: And is Bookstore's success reflected in its profits? Man: Well, at the moment we're focusing on introducing ourselves to customers and we spend a lot on advertising. Anything else would be a poor management decision. But of course, it's reflected in our final figures. It's not unusual for a four-year-old company like ours to be in an investment cycle. What is more unusual is for a young company like Bookstore to be sold on the stock market, which happened in July 1997. Woman: Bookstore is well-known for its high-quality customer service. What is the secret of your success in this area? Man: Well, firstly our books are delivered fast and any complaints are dealt with by email and what's important is that the email is always answered in a friendly way, with the emphasis on "the customer is always right" . In fact, customers sometimes feel guilty about complaining because Bookstore staffs are so helpful! Regular customers are recognised when they go to our website, and we suggest titles to them, based on their previous purchase. Woman: Do you think Bookstore offers a better service than its competitors? Man: Well, yes. We'd been in the market for about two years before most of our competitors started so we had a head start and although some have caught up now, we're still cheaper. Our book price includes tax and delivery. Most of our competitors' prices don't. But what's the most important is that Bookstore has a talented, hardworking staff. As an incentive, everyone's offered shares in the company and this helps to create a sense of ownership. We provide a better service because of that. Woman: Thank you, Richard. It's very interesting to talk to you…
3. How much do the books account for the market shares globally?
A.eighty-two billion
B.three million
C.three hundred thousand
A B C
A
[解析] 本题的题干是关于图书占全球市场份额的多少。从文中I found out that books had an eighty-two billion dollar market worldwide可知，正确答案是A.
4. What was the problem that Richard encountered when he operated the business for the first five years?
A.raising fund and developing the right software
B.coming up with good ideas
C.changing company strategy according to the market
A B C
A
[解析] 此题问的是理查德在经营公司时遇到的问题是什么。从文中“…it was a struggle raising funds and developing the right software”. 可知A项“集资和开发合适的软件是难题”是正确答案。B项“想出好的点子”和C项“根据市场改变公司策略”文中没提及。
5. In May 1997, how much was the sales revenue of the corporation?
A.230 million
B.120 million
C.15 million
A B C
B
[解析] 此题问的是在1997年5月公司的销售额是多少。从文中“…from May 1997 we started to see our greatest growth. We went from a hundred and twenty million dollars annual sales revenue to two hundred and thirty million dollars by the end of that year …”可知，从1997年5月我们的销售额高速增长，从1.2亿涨到年底的2.3亿。所以销售额是2.3亿。故正确答案为B。1.2亿是最开始的销售额。
6. What is the focus of the corporation now?
A.after-sales service
B.enlarging market share and spending a lot on advertising
C.getting the company listed on market
A B C
B
[解析] 此题问的是公司的重心是什么。从文中“at the moment we're focusing on introducing ourselves to customers and we spend a lot on advertising.”可知公司的重心是认识更多的客户，花更多时间在广告宣传上，故B项为正确答案。A项“售后服务”和C项“公司股票上市”，文中均未提及。
7. What is the key secret of the success of the corporation?
A.The corporation is able to deliver any book at any time.
B.The price of books is lower than that of their competitors.
C.They provide perfect service and deal with customers' complaints friendly.
A B C
C
[解析] 此题问的是公司成功的秘诀是什么。从文中“…firstly our books are delivered fast and any complaints are dealt with by email and what's important is that the email is always answered in a friendly way…”可知，公司交付图书迅速并且对客户的抱怨投诉总是以礼相待。可判定C项“提供优质服务并且妥善处理客户的投诉”为正确答案。A项“公司在任何时间交付图书”和B项“图书价格比竞争对手低”，这两个选项在文中虽提到，但都不是成功的关键。
8. What is the most important element for the corporation to successfully compete with its rivals?
A.The books' price is lower than that of their competitors.
B.The attitude towards complaint is positive.
C.The corporation has a talented working group.
A B C
C
[解析] 此题问的是公司成功战胜对手的最重要的因素是什么。从文中“But what's more important is that Bookstore has a talented, hardworking staff.”可知正确答案是C项。A项“图书的价格比对手低”和B项“对待投诉的态度积极”，文中虽提到，但不是击败对手最重要的因素。
SPEAKING
PART ONE
1. In this part, the interlocutor asks questions to each of the candidates in turn. You have to give information about yourself and express personal opinions.
略。
PART TWO In this part of the test, you are asked to give a short talk on a business topic. You have to choose one of the topics from the three below and then talk for about one minute. You have one minute to prepare your ideas.
1. A．Business trips: how to make the most of business trips B．After-sales services: what is important when offering after-sales service C．Personal management: whether to differentiate the retirement age between men and Women
[参考范例] A．Business trips: how to make the most of business trips Now more than ever, business trips are a vital part of business life. Smart planning can help you make the most of your travel time. If you really need to go on a business trip, consider the following to plan an efficient trip: Delegate the arrangements. Have someone who's knowledgeable, such as an office assistant, travel agent, or company travel coordinator, do the legwork for you. Confirm your appointments before you have your flights booked, and avoid the schedule that would have you arrive or depart around rush hour. Be informed. Make a detailed appointment schedule with everything you'll need to know, including the date, time and location of each appointment and the directions to get there. Also list the name, address, phone number and email address of each business contact. Try to get a home phone number or a cell phone number in case you need to make contact after business hours about a change or a cell phone number in plans. Maximise your itinerary. Group appointments together, and find out who else is in the area that you can visit at the same time. Plan activities to keep you productive during layovers, such as reading, making phone calls, or conducting appointments B．After-sales service: what is important when offering after-sales service When offering after sales service, the first thing to consider is whether your attitude is sincere and faithful. Without a correct attitude, customers would not accept it pleasantly and eagerly. Secondly, offering after-sales service within a certain time is also very important. From customers' point of view, they hope they can receive life time guarantee for the product. Although it is very hard to achieve it for companies, they should offer after-sales service as promised when the product or service is sold. Thirdly, businesses should take more actual actions instead of only making promises. C．Personal managerment: whether to differentiate the retirement age between men and women I do think it's reasonable to differentiate the retirement age between men and women. Female should retire younger. The deciding factor on the age issue, according to me, is the physical condition of a person. It is obvious that the situation of men and women differs a lot when considering age and aging problems. Besides, we cannot deny that women generally take more household responsibilities, which means that they are under more pressure. It's good for women and also their families to allow them retire earlier.
PART THREE In this part of the test, you are given a discussion topic. You have 30 seconds to look at the task prompt, an example of which is below, and then about three minutes to discuss the topic with your partner. After that, the examiner will ask you more questions related to the topic.
1. For two candidates
Trade Fair
Your company is attending a trade fair in a foreign country for the first time You have been asked to help with the preparations for the trip. Discuss and decide together: · what travel and accommodation arrangements you will need to make before the trip · which kinds of business customs in the foreign country would be paid attention to. For three candidates
Trade Fair
Your company is attending a trade fair in a foreign country for the first time. You have been asked to help with the preparations for the trip. Discuss and decide together: · what travel and accommodation arrangements you will need to make before the trip · which kinds of business customs in the foreign country would be paid attention to · how could one find about these customs before the trip.
[参考范例] A: It is the first time for our company to attend a trade fair in Paris. So we have to do a lot of preparations before we set off. Do you think so? B: I am of exactly the same idea. Firstly, I think we must arrange an appropriate schedule. For example, we should arrive a day earlier to give us time to adjust and acclimatise. A: I agree entirely. As we know, travel fatigue, climatic changes, jet lag, foreign food, etc. will all have great effect on us. B: Yes. And then we should book air tickets and reserve accommodations in advance. A: Yes. I think we should contact the travel agent because it can offer variety of choices and discount. B: That's just what I was thinking. Then, we must remind every participant that cultural differences can cause a lot of misunderstandings and even break a deal. So they should learn more about French culture. A: Can you put things into the perspective? B: For instance, shaking hands with everyone present, inviting your customers to lunch rather than dinner, avoiding talking business over the main course, etc. are all basic business customs that our participants should bear in mind. A: I go along with you about that. I think we can invite French people to give every participant lecture to help them familiarise with French culture. B: Ok, that's agreed. I'll present our ideas to the board of directors. Nice talking with you.
深色：已答题 浅色：未答题