第2部分：阅读判断 下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句信息文中没有提及，请选择C。 Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems Needed Judith S. Weis, a biology professor who serves as president of the American Institute of Biological Sciences(AIBS) is leading a nationwide effort to" defend" the theory of evolution. Weis leads the effort in the face of what the institute views as opposition and indifference from school boards and government entities. The Institute believes that the teaching of evolution in America is being diminished by the teaching of creationism as well as by an overall lack of teaching Darwin's theory in high school. "There's nothing that requires schools to teach evolution. Sometimes teachers in high schools just leave it out. However from the point of view of biologists, evolution is the central theory of biology upon which everything is based," said Weis. "Unfortunately, teaching evolution has become a political issue in many parts of the country and AIBS, as a representative of biologists, wanted to be a major force speaking out in favor of its teaching. " Weis said the institute is working together with the American Geological Institute and the National Association of Biology Teachers and its 80 - plus member organizations to address the political and legislative threats to teaching evolution. In states challenging its teaching, the institute responds by sending letters to school boards and state legislatures, by providing testimony at public meetings and by notifying members and affiliated organizations. AIBS, with more than 80 member societies and 250,000 members, has established an email system enabling scientists and teachers in each state, and member societies, to keep each other informed about threats to the teaching of evolution. Darwin's theory of evolution holds that living things change and adapt to their environment and that present - day species (including human beings) are descended from earlier species through modification by natural selection. The theory has been accepted by scientists for nearly 100 years, Weis said, and has been refined, extended and strengthened over the years by findings, in developmental biology. Discoveries in genetics, molecular biology and genomics - all of which provide significant benefits for human health - would not be possible without the underlying knowledge of evolution. And, Weis adds," modern molecular biology and genomics have increased our understanding of how evolution works. "Nonetheless, evolution remains a politically, if not scientifically, controversial issue. Weis said that this year alone, seven states have had either local or statewide efforts to water down the teaching of evolution, or" balance" it with the teaching of creationism - a religious belief that different species were created separately by a higher power, such as God. "Rarely does anyone now use the word 'creationsm' , because that's too obvious. "Weis said, "The current terminology is 'intelligent design. '"
1. AIBS, school boards and government entities all advocate the theory of evolution.
1 In 1858 Americans welcomed Alaska into the Union as the 49th state, symbolizing a change of attitude that hold in 1867, when the peninsula was purchased from Russia. Then, most Americans had little interest in 1,500.000 square kilometers "of icebergs and polar bear"—beyond Canada's western borders, far from the settled areas of the United States. 2 In those sections of the state which lie above the Arctic Circle, Alaska still is a land of icebergs and polar bear. Ice buried in the earth, which is permanently frozen to a depth of 90 or more meters. From early May until early August, the midnight sun never sets on this flat, treeless region, but the sun cannot melt the icy soil more than two - thirds of a meter down. 3 Alaska is America's largest state, but only about 325,000 people live there. According to estimates, 800,000 hectares of its land area are fit for plowing but only about 640,000 hectares are being cultivated. 4 Arctic Alaska has been the home of Eskimos for countless centuries. It is believed that the Eskimos moved there from Mongolia or Siberia, probably crossing Bering Strait, named for Vitus Bering, the Danish sea captain who discovered Alaska on his voyage for Russia in 1741. The Eskimos are the state's earliest known inhabitants. Russian fur traders established settlements but, by the time Alaska was sold to the United States, most of the traders had departed. 5 In 1896 gold was discovered near the Klondike River in Canada just across the Alaskan border. Thousand of Americans rushed to the region on their way to Klondike; some never returned. Alaska was never completely cut off again, although even today transportation is a major problem. There are only two notor routes from the U. S mainland, and within the state, every town has its own airfield. Planes fly passengers, mail and freight to the most distant villages. 6 The gold that changed life so suddenly for Alaska was soon ended, and although many stories about mining camps have become part of American literature, the gold from Alaskan earth contributed less to economic progress than the fish from Alaska waters. The fish caught in a single year range in value from $ 80 million to $ 90 million. Fur - bearing animals are plentiful in the forests and streams. and valuable fur seals inhabit the waters. After fishing, the state's chief industry is lumber and the production of wood pulp. In recent years, Alaska's single most important resource has become oil. The state also has large deposits of coal, copper, gold and other minerals. A. Rich resources of the state B. Connections with the outside world C. Transportation problem D. The natives of the land E. Cold climate F. Land and population
1. Paragraph 3 ______
F
本段中的两句话结构相同，分别讲阿拉斯加的人口和土地，即选项F。
2. Paragraph 4 ______
D
本段第一句为主题句。Home of Eskimos即说明Eskimos(爱斯基摩人)是当地的土著民(native)，所以选项D为正确答案。
A. as fish does B. because of its rich natural resources C. by the United States D. shines day and night E. only a very small percentage F. a limited amount of the gold found there
5. For as long as three months of a year, the sun ______ on the ice - covered land of Alaska.
D
题干中的For as long as three months of a year帮助我们快速定位到原文第二段第三句话，题干中的the sun在原文中never sets on this fiat，即D(shines day and night)。
6. According to statistics, ______ of the total area of Alaska has been used for farming.
E
题干中的statistics和of the total area of Alaska提示我们快速定位到第三段(人口与土地)。原文说800,000 hectares of its land area…but only about 640,000 hectares are being cultivated，说明土地使用有限，即选项E。
7. Alaska was originally part of Russia, but was bought ______.
C
题干中的Russia提示我们快速定位到第四段最后一句“by the time Alaska was sold to the United States”，说明C(被美国政府购买)为正确答案。
8. Gold did not bring to Alaska as much wealth ______.
A
题干中并列提到gold和fish，帮助我们快速定位到最后一段，“the gold from Alaskan earth contributed less to economic progress than the fish from Alaska waters”，原文的比较级在选项A中被改写为带有否定形式的同级比较(not as…as)，意义相同，所以A是正确答案。
第4部分：阅读理解 下面有3篇短文，文后有5道题。请根据短文内容为每题定一个最佳选项。
第一篇
Why Obama Should Learn to Love the Bomb
On Sept. 24,President Barack Obama will bring together 14 world leaders for a special U. N. Security Council meeting in New York. On the agenda: how to rid the world of nuclear weapons. The summit is the latest step in the administration's campaign to eliminate nukes. The efforts to eliminate nukesare all grounded in the same proposition: that nuclear weapons represent the" gravest threat" to U. S. security. This argument has a lot going for it. It's also popular; U.S. presidents have been making similar noises since the Eisenhower administration, and halting the spread of nukes( if not eliminating them altogether) is one of the few things Obama, Vladimir Putin and Benjamin Netanyahu can all agree on. There's just one problem with the reasoning : it may well be wrong. A growing and compelling body of research suggests that nuclear weapons may not, in fact, make the World more dangerous. The bomb may actually make us safer. This argument rests on two deceptively simple observations. First, nuclear weapons have not been used since 1945. Second, there's never been a nuclear war, or even a nonnuclear war between two states that possess them. Just stop for a second and think about that : it's hard to overstate how remarkable it is. especially given the singular viciousness of the 20th century. As Kenneth Waltz, the leading" nuclear optimist" and a professor of political science at UC Berkeley puts it," We now have 64 years of experience since Hiroshi- ma. It's striking and against all historical precedent that for that substantial period, there has not been any war among nuclear states. " To understand why the next 64 years are likely to play out the same way—Iyou need to start by recognizing that all states are rational on some basic level. Their leaders may be stupid, petty even evil, but they tend to do things only when they're pretty sure they can get away with them. Take war: a country will start a fight only when it'almost certain it can get what it wants at an acceptable price. Not even Hider or Saddam waged wars they didn't think they could win. The problem historically has been that leaders often make the wrong gamble and underestimate the other side—millions of innocents pay the price.
1. What is the main topic of the special U. N. Security Council meeting in New York on Sept. 24?
A.To tackle the climate change
B.To improve the world financial system
C.To stop the wars in Africa
D.To urge the world to get rid of the nuclear weapons
A B C D
D
考查特定事件的目的定位到On the agenda：how to rid the world of nuclear weapons．议事项即是怎样为世界消除核武器。可见选项D是合文意的，故选择D。
2. According to the passage ,why the Obama administration urged the world to get rid of nukes?
A.Because only the Obama administration takes this issue seriously.
B.Because it is stated that the nuclear weapons are the biggest theart to U. S.
C.Because there are too many nuclear weapons.
D.Because U. S. has fewer nuclear weapons than the other countries.
A B C D
B
考查特定事件的原因定位到文章原句The efforts to eliminate nukes are all grounded in the same proposition：that nuclear weapons represent the "gravest threat" to U.S. security．所有力图消除核武器的努力都源于这样一个认知，即核武器是美国安全面临的最严重威胁。可见选项B认为核武器是美国安全的最大威胁，合文意的，故选择B。
3. According to the passage, what is the writer's attitude towards nuclear weapons?
A.The nuclear weapons may actually keep us safe.
B.The nuclear weapons make the world more dangerous.
C.The nuclear weapons are expensive to develop.
D.The nuclear weapons are the symbol of highly developed military force.
A B C D
A
考查作者的观点定位到文章原句A growing and compelling body of research suggests that nuclear weapons may not，in fact，make the world more dangerous．The bomb may actually makeus safer．越来越多的研究机构指出，核武器可能在事实上不会让世界变得危险，相反可能让我们更安全。可见选项A是合文意的，选项B不合文意，故选择A。
4. Which one of the following statement is NOT right according to the passage?
A.Nuclear weapons have not been used since 1945.
B.There's never been a war between any two countries.
C.From the Eisenhower administration on, nuclear weapons are to be a big concern.
D.Many evidences support the idea that nuclear weapons are the biggest threat to U. S.
A B C D
B
考查全篇大意理解定位到文章原句This argument has a lot going for it．It's also popular．U.S. presidents have been making similar noises since the Eisenhower administration．nuclear weapons have not been used since 1945．There has never been a nuclear war，or even a nonnuclear war between two states that possess them．这个论点有很多支持的论据，也很受欢迎。从艾森豪威尔政府开始，历届美国政府都发出类似的声音。自从1945年以来，世界上就没有国家使用过核武器，任何两个拥有核武器的国家之间连非核战争都没有爆发过，更不用说是核战争了。可见选项ACD是合文意的，B认为国与国之间没有战争是不正确的，文章的原意是在拥有核武器的国家之间没有战争。故选择B。
5. Why is it that there will be no war between in the next 64 years?
A.Because every one is looking forward to peace.
B.Because nobody will win in a nuclear war.
C.Because there are will be less and less nuclear weapons.
D.Because all the leaders are may be not wise enough.
A B C D
B
考杏特定事件的原因定位到文章原句…all states are rational on some basic level． Their leaders…but they tend to do things only when they're pretty sure they can get away with them．Take war: a country will start a fight only when it's almost certain it can get what it wants at an acceptable price．所有的国家最起码还是理智的，领导人也会选择去做他们能够处理的事情。拿战争来说，没有国家会发起战争，除非这场战争可以使他们在可承担的代价之内获得想要的结果。可见选项B认为没有人可以在核战争中取胜，是正确的，因为没有人可以取胜，所以核武器拥有因都不会动用核武器。故选择B。
第二篇
Disney's Own Iron Man
Finally, Snow White can ditch those seven dwarfs for some tough guys—Spider - Man, Iron Man and the X - Men as Disney announced a $ 4 billion deal to acquire Marvel Comics. But Disnev's princesses can live on in their fantasy world without fear of any of Marvel's 5,000 tough characters, for they'll coexist peacefully. Bob Iger, who began his tenure as Disney CEO with the acquisition of Pixar, knows his way around the world of animation. "We believe that adding Marvel to Disney's unique portfolio of brands provides significant opportunities for long - term growth and value creation," he said in announcing the transaction. Unlike some of his counterparts—Viacom's Sumner Redstone and News Corp's Rupert Murdoch—Iger gets along with his colleagues and makes a point of delegating authority. And in sharp contrast to his predecessor, Michael Eisner, Iger has kept a low profile. Yet he has reaffirmed Disney's legacy in animation with some of the boldest dealmaking in Hollywood in the Dast decade. Drawing Pixar into the Walt Disney Co. required rewriting the Disney management script. Disney had been distributor for Pixar's productions, including such classics as Toy Story and Finding Nemo. But Eisner and Pixar founder Steve Jobs clashed like superheroes with super egos over the riches that both companies earned from their mutually rewarding arrangement. But in 2006, barely in his new job a year, Iger put an end to the child's play. He orchestrated the $ 7.4 billion Durchase of Pixar, which had quickly developed into the hottest hand in animation. So far, it's all been a Hollywood ending. Iger's first smart post - Pixar move was to install animator John Lasseter, the creative maestro behind the surging animation studio, as the chiefcreative of the combined Disney/Pixar studios. The four Pixar releases since the Disney deal have grossed $ 2 billion in worldwide ticket sales. In addition to the box - office bonanza, the acquisition also bolstered Disney's massive merchandise and theme- park businesses. Analysis are already gushing over Iger's acquisition of Marvel Comics. "Overall. we think Marvel's library and brands are a solid strategic fit for Disney," Anthony J. DiClemente. of Barclays Capital. "Disney should be able to leverage its global reach, execution, and distribution capabilities to grow Marvel's brands and business opportunities. "
1. What company created the character Iron Man?
A.Disney
B.Viacom
C.News Corp.
D.Marvel Comics
A B C D
D
考查有关具体事物的细节定位到文章原句Snow white can ditch those seven dwarfs for some tough guys—Spider-Man，Iron Man and the X-Men as Disney announced a $4 billion deal to acquire Marvel Comics．迪斯尼花了4万亿并购了奇迹漫画，这使得白雪公主有了更强悍的伙伴，比如蜘蛛侠，钢铁侠和x战警。可见钢铁侠是Marvel Comics的作品，故选择D。
2. What is the writer's judgement about Iger's personality?
A.Cooperative
B.Proud
C.Gentle
D.Timid
A B C D
A
考查有关文中人物的细节定位到文章原句Iger gets along with his colleagues and makes a point of delegating authority．伊戈能和同事很好的相处，也懂得权力下放。可见选项A认为其是很善于合作的，是合文意的，故选择A。
3. According to the passage, what is the meaning of" child's play" ?
A.Thing that is easy to do.
B.Thing that is meaningless.
C.Thing that is interesting.
D.Thing that is surprising.
A B C D
B
考查对文章细节的理解定位到文章原句Drawing Pixar into the Walt Disney Co. required rewriting the Disney management script．把皮克斯吸引到迪斯尼中来，需要改写迪斯尼的管理准则，可见选项B认为这不是一个挑战，是不合文意的，故选择B。ThefourPixar releases since the Disney deal have grossed $2 billion in worldwide ticket sales．In addition to the box-of-fice bonanza．the acquisition also bolstered Disney's massive merchandise and theme-park businesses．在加盟迪斯尼后，皮克斯的4部作品挣得了20亿美元的收入，故A是合文意的。除票房收入外，皮克斯的加盟还大大提升了迪斯尼产品和主题公同的经营。故A和D是合文意的。Disney had been distributor for Pixar's productions，including such classics as Toy Story and Finding Nemo.迪斯尼曾为皮克斯的作品《玩具总动员》和《寻找尼蒙》做过发行，可见选项C是合文意的。
4. What is NOT right according to the passage?
A.The four Pixar movies after the Disney deal have earned $ 2 billion in worldwide ticket sales.
B.The acquisition of Pixar is not a challenge for Disney.
C.Toy Story and Finding Nemo are produced by Pixar.
D.The acqusition of Pixar has increased the earnings in Disney theme parks.
A B C D
A
考查特定词汇的意思定位到文章原句But Eisner and Pixar founder Steve Jobs clashed like superheroes with super egos over the riches that both companies earned from their mutually rewarding arrangement．But in 2006，barely in his new job a year，Iger put an end to the child's play．伊斯内和皮克斯动画的创始者史蒂夫碰在一起，就像两个超级自尊的超人碰在了一起，为对双方都有好处的安排争论不休。但在2006年，伊戈刚上任还不满一年的时候，就解决了他们之间的小问题。可见选项A认为是简单的事情，是合文意的，故选择A。
5. What is Anthony J. DiClemente view about Disney's acquisition of Marvel Comics?
A.It can help the development of Disney.
B.It is too early to say whether it is good or not.
C.It may change the Disney tradition.
D.It is a deal that costs too much.
A B C D
A
考查文中人物的观点定位到文章原句“Overall，we think Manrel's library and brands are a solid strategic fit for Disney,”Anthony J.DiClemente，of Barclays Capital．“Disney should be able to leverage its global reach，execution，and distribution capabilities to grow Marvel's brands and business opportunities．”总体说来，我们觉得奇迹漫画的产品和牌对迪斯尼来说，在策略上是很合适的，迪斯尼应动用自身的全球的影响力、决策力和发行渠道去帮助拓展奇迹漫画的品牌力和商业机会。
第三篇
UK Swine Flu Vaccine" Approved"
The European drugs regulator has given the go - ahead for one of the UK's swine flu vaccines. An expert committee agreed that Pandemrix, made by GlaxoSmithKline, can be used in adults and children over six -month old and pregnant women. The UK has bought 60 million doses of the vaccine. In addition, there are contracts for an as yet unapproved vaccine, Celvapan, produced by Baxter. It means the UK has provision for up to 132 million doses—enough for every person in the country. The number of new cases of swine flu in England has almost doubled over the last seven days to 9,000 ,official figures show. In Scotland, the new weekly figures showed a slight increase from 6,180 to 7,034. Across the UK there have been 82 deaths. Although the figures are rising, they are as yet far short of the 100,000 cases a week seen in July. But they hope to begin a vaccination programme sometime next month. High - risk individuals and front - line National Heath Service staff have been prioritised for the vaccine. Those eligible include anyone aged between six months and 65 years who usually gets the seasonal flu jab because of a chronic illness such as asthma, pregnant women, and people who live with those whose immune systems are compromised, such as cancer patients or people with HIV/AIDS. Concerns have been raised about the safety of the vaccines given the speed of the approval process. Both vaccines the Agency have recommended for licensing contain an adjuvant - a chemical which boosts the immune response—but this too has been tested in thousands of people, it said. Further clinical trials are being done and Pandemrix is being tested in 9,000 children, elderly and healthy adult volunteers. Data submitted to the regulator by GSK suggests the vaccine is generally well tolerated, with the most commonly reported side—effects being headache ,joint pain ,muscle pain, reactions at the site of the injection( such as pain and redness), fever and fatigue. UK regulators have set up a special portal on the website for reporting any problems with swine flu medicines and vaccines when they begin to be used.
1. According to the passage, how many doses of swine flu vaccine the UK can provide?
A.60 million
B.72 million
C.132 million
D.Not sure yet
A B C D
C
考食对具体数字的辨别定位到文章原句It means the UK has provision for up to 132 million doses-enough for every person in the country．这意味着英国可以供应1亿三千二百万剂的疫苗，使这个国家的每个人都能使用上疫苗。可见选项C是合文意的，故选择C。Final marketing authorisation for the vaccines still needs to be signed off by the European Commission and is expected“as soon as possible”．
2. Which statement is right according to the passage?
A.Over the last seven days, there is an increase of 9,000 cases.
B.In England, there is a small increase in new cases.
C.In the UK, there have been 82 deaths.
D.In July, there was a week saw a weekly increase of 100,000 cases.
A B C D
B
考查对文章细节的理解定位到文章原句The number of new cases of swine flu in England has almost doubled over the last seven days to 9,000, official figures show．在过去7天，英国新增病例的数量翻了一倍，达到九千例。可见选项A认为在过去一周新增病例数是九千，是正确的。In Scotland, the new weekly figures showed a slight increase from 6,180 to 7,034．在苏格兰，周新增病例有小幅上升，可见选项B认为是在英格兰，是不合文意的，故选择B。Across the UK there have been 82 deaths．在英国全境，有82例死亡，故C合文意的。Although the figures are rising，they are as yet far short of the 100,000 cases a week seen in July．虽然增加病例的数量还是在上升，但仍然低于七月一周增加10万的速度。可见选项D是合文意的。
3. Who are eligible for the vaccine?
A.Pregnant women
B.People with HIV/AID
C.Nurses
D.Children
A B C D
B
考查对文章细节的理解定位到文章原句…front-line National Heath Service staff全国人民卫生服务系统的工作人员，aged between six months and 65 years pregnant women，and people who live with those whose immune systems are compromised，such as cancer patients or people with HIV/AIDS．年龄在6个月到65岁之间，孕妇，以及和免疫系统受损伤的病人比如癌症患者与艾滋病患者共同生活的人。可见选项ACD是合文意的，B认为是艾滋病患者，是不合文意的，故选择B。
4. What group of people have NOT been tested with Pandemrix?
A.Children
B.Elderly
C.Adults
D.Pregnant women
A B C D
D
考查特定事件的组成部分定位到文章原句Pandemrix is being tested in 9,000 children, elderly and healthy adult volunteers．Pandemrix在9千名儿童，老年人和健康的成年人志愿者身上做过测试。可见选项ABC都是合文意的，选项D是不在范围内，故选择D。
5. What does NOT belong to the commonly reported side - effects with swine flu vaccines ac cording to the passage?
A.Headache
B.Vomiting
C.Fever
D.Muscle pain
A B C D
B
考查特定事物的组成部分定位到文章原句with the most commonly reported side-effects being headache，joint pain，muscle pain，reactions at the site of the injection (such as pain and redness)，fever and fatigue，据报告，最普遍的副作用有头痛，关节疼痛，肌肉疼痛，接种现场身体发红疼痛，发烧和疲倦。可见选项ACD是合文意的，B不在文章范围内，故选择B。
Jonathan Harris was determined to be part of the migration to the enticing(诱人的)land of high tech. 1 He lasted just seven months. He admits he was" seduced by the glamour," realizing only later that" the fundamental economics were not good. " Translation: instead of running a rapidly growing start- up, his company was constantly short of cash and manpower. He spent his days trolling for (搜索) investment money and new employees to replace the defective old ones: Last July, Harris ,37 ,left the company and went back to Los Angeles— and is now looking for a job in a traditional, non - techie company. Like so many prospectors of a different epoch, workers such as Harris are discovering that" risking everything" actually involves... risk. 2 "I've really started to appreciate a situation where one has significant resources," Harris says. "I think folks who are blindly jumping to startups are undervaluing what they have. " 3 Russell Reynolds Associates, all executive- search firm, says you should have experience launching new products, be comfortable with technology and have an ability to make decisions based on incomplete information in order to succeed at an Internet firm Otherwise, it might be wise to stayput(原位不动). Still, it's the stock options that typically keep employees working long and faithfully at Internet start - ups, virtually handcuffed to their workstations. Author Bill Lessard, who co - wrote" Netslaves. " a firsthand account about the travails of working in Webville, says options are" basically used as a carrot to get people to give up their lives and work like lunatics(疯子) for the promise of getting rich. " 4 Gray, for example, had 20 shares of stock when she left ______ worth only around $ 250. Increasingly, new hires at Web firms are distressed to learn that the numbers of options they get are so paltry(不足取的) as to be insignificant. 5 A. With most market watchers predicting an eventual tech shakeout(股票市场震动) ,such tales of frustration and disappointment could become far more common. B. Most tech converts (皈依者) simply roll their eyes when asked about going back to what are now called" legacy" industries. C. If the promise isn't kept, the carrot looks less tasty. D. Last year Harris left the hair - accessories firm he'd co - founded to manage a high - tech design firm called Brilliant Media in San Francisco. E. Increasingly, recruiters(招聘人员)are telling job candidates that the Web isn't for everyone. F. They enter into a Web venture with high hopes, only to find a grim reality of taxing hours, lack of support staff, greenhorn(缺乏经验的)bosses and worthless stock options.
第6部分：完形填空 下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。 In the United States, older people rarely live with their adult children. But in many other cultures children are expected to care 1 their aged parents. In some parts of Italy, the percentage of adult children who 2 with their parents reach 65 to 70 percent. In Thailand, too, children aye expected to care for their elderly parents; few Thai elderly live 3 . What explains these differences in living arrangements 4 cultures? Modernization theory 5 the extended family household to low levels of economic development. In traditional societies, the elderly live with their children in large extended family units for economic reasons. But with modernization, children move to urban areas, leaving old people behind in 6 rural areas. Yet modernization theory cannot explain why extended family households were never common in the United States or England, or why families in Italy, which is fully modernized, 7 a strong tradition of intergenerational living. Clearly, economic development alone cannot explain 8 living arrangements. Another theory associated intergenerational living arrangements with inheritance patterns. In some cultures, the stem family pattern of inheritance predominates. 9 this system, parents live with a married child, usually the oldest son, who then 10 their property when they die. The stem family system was once common in Japan, but changes in inheritance laws, as well as broader social changes brought 11 by industrialization and urbanization, have 12 the tradition. In 1960 about 80 percent of Japanese over 65 lived with their children; by 1990 only 60 percent did—a figure that is still high 13 U.S. standards, but which has been 14 steadily. In Korea, too, traditional living arrangements are 15 : the percentage of aged Koreans who live with a son declined from 77 percent in 1984 to 50 percent just 10 years later. Although most elderly Koreans still expect to live with a son, their adult children do not expect to live with their children when they grow old.
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