1. In the early 20th century, at the advent of the telephone, it was considered a superfluous instrument which would never be of practical use in the average household.
A.appearance
B.popularity
C.dominance
D.consolidation
A B C D
A
advent出现，到来。appearance出现，意思符合。
2. The judge remained sober despite the lawyer' s ludicrous attempt to prove the defendant' s innocence.
A.sad
B.sorry
C.serious
D.surprised
A B C D
C
sober冷静的，镇定的。serious严肃的，认真的，意思与之接近。
3. A pervasive negative attitude of the engineers toward projects funded by his company is the cause of the delay of signing the contract.
5. California seems to be the home of the homeless since many are often observed tramping along railroad tracks and through the downtown areas of the cities.
A.roaming
B.trimming
C.stealing
D.stamping
A B C D
A
tramp流浪。roam闲逛，徘徊，意思符合。trim整理。stamp冲压。
6. On Christmas Eve in America the shopping malls are saturated with shoppers in a frantic competition for last minute gifts.
7. The blunder of Argentina' s goalie cost them the game in the match against Brazil.
A.triumph
B.beat
C.mistake
D.struggle.
A B C D
C
blunder失误，疏忽。mistake错误，意思勺之符合。triumph胜利，成功。
8. The child was so ingenuous that even when she knocked the television off its stand so that it was irreparably damaged, her parents thought her to be charming.
22. Because of her dual nationality in the United States and Mexico, Maria was almost required to pay taxes in both countries until her accountant______with a satisfactory solution for both countries.
1. There was (a pause of) complete stillness (which) the (buzzing of) the bees among the pink loses sounded (as loud as) the fight of an aircraft.
A.a pause of
B.which
C.buzzing of
D.as loud as
A B C D
B
which改为when。先行词a pause是表示时间的词，所以定语从句引导词用 when。
2. This discrepancy (was intriguing to) Alfred Wegener, a young geologist (working in) Greenland in 1910. He thought (the error) too great to be (accounted) easily.
A.as loud as
B.working in
C.the error
D.accounted
A B C D
D
改为account for。固定搭配，意思是“说明，作出满意的解释”。
3. From (such data) Wegener developed his floating continents theory. He envisioned an original super continent that crystallized(of) molten material (making up) the infant earth, eventually the mass (cracked) and broke into several pieces—the present continents.
A.such data
B.of
C.making up
D.cracked
A B C D
B
去掉。of。
4. The subject may be (approached in) several directions, but (the scene) cannot be fully appreciated (from) any (one vantage) point.
A.approached in
B.the scene
C.from
D.one vantage
A B C D
A
in改为from。意思是“从几个方位”。
5. When we (think of) creative people the names that probably (spring to mind) are (those of) men such as Albert Einstein, Pablo Picasso, great artists, inventors and scientists—(a selective) and exceptionally gifted body of men with rare talent and genius.
6. (A favorite story) among (acoustic) experts (concerns with) a noisy Long Island suburb where, every day and night, huge trucks (rumbled down) a freeway.
7. Though the wide universe is full of good, kernel of nourishing corn can come to(man) (only through) his own toil (bestowed) that plot of ground which is given him (bestowed).
A.man
B.only through
C.bestowed
D.bestowed
A B C D
C
改为bestowed on，意思是“给予，授予”。
8. Society is a (joint-stock) company, in which the members agree, (for) the better (securing of) broad for each shareholder, (to surrender to)the liberty and culture of each individual.
A.joint-stock
B.for
C.securing of
D.to surrender to
A B C D
D
改为to surrender。surrender作及物动词时，意为“放弃，交出”。
9. The economic forces which may affect the new public offering of stock include sudden downturns in the market, hedging and other investor strategies for preventing losses, ______the interest rates in Washington, and ______undercapitalized.
A.loosing ...... fearing the company may still be
B.loosening ...... a fear of the company still being
C.a loosening of ...... fearing that the company may still be
D.a loosening of ..... a fear that the company may still be
A B C D
D
a loosening和a fear与前面的sudden down turns是并列结构，作include的宾语。
10. School integration plans that involve busing between suburban and central city areas have contributed, according to a recent study, to______any future need for busing.
A.significant increases in housing integration, which, in turn, reduces
B.significant integration increases in housing, which, in turn, reduces
C.increases housing integration significantly, which, in turn, reduces
D.increases housing integration significantly, which, in turn, reduce
A B C D
A
to是介词，后面应接名词或名词性从句。
11. ______in the United States
A.Three out of every four automobile owners ...... also own a bicycle
B.Out of every four, three automobile owners ...... also owns a bicycle
C.Three out of every four automobile owners ...... owns bicycles
D.Out of every four owners of automobiles ...... bicycles are also owned by three
A B C D
A
句意：四分之三的有汽车的美国人，各6，司时也拥有一辆自行车。
12. The relationship between corpulence and disease remains controversial, although statistics clearly ______reduced life expectancy______chronic obesity.
A.associate a... to
B.associates a... with
C.associates... to
D.associate a... with
A B C D
D
associate with把…与…联系在一块。
13. For many travelers, charter vacations often turn out to cost considerably more than______.
A.they originally seemed
B.they originally seem to
C.they seemingly would cost originally
D.they seemed originally
A B C D
A
句意：对很多旅行者来说包租旅行花费最终通常都会比它们看起来花费得更多。
14. ______a larger percentage of its gross national product on defending its coasts from rising seas than______.
A.In Holland, it costs... the spending on military defense in the United States
B.In Holland they spend... the United States does on military defense
C.Holland spends... the military defense spending of the United States
D.Holland spends ... the United States does on military defense
15. Distinguished architecture requires the expenditure of large sums of money, even if it is by no means certain ______the expenditure of large sums of money______distinguished architecture.
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension Directions: Answer all questions based on the information in the passages below.
Passage 1 An important point in the development of a governmental agency is the codification of its controlling practices. The study of law or jurisprudence is usually concerned with the codes and practices of specific governments, past or present. It is also concerned with certain questions upon which a functional analysis of behavior has some bearing. What is a law? What role does a law play in governmental control? In particular, what effect does it have upon the behavior of the controllee and of the members of the governmental agency itself? A law usually has two important features, in the first place, it specifies behavior. The behavior is usually not described topographically but rather in terms of its effect upon others—the effect that is the object of governmental control. When we are told, for example, that an individual has "committed perjury," we are not told what he has actually said. "Robbery" and "assault" do not refer to specific forms of response. Only properties of behavior which are aversive to others are mentioned— in perjury the lack of a customary correspondence between a verbal response and certain factual circumstances, in robbery the removal of positive reinforces, and in assault the aversive character of physical injury. In the second place, a law specifies or implies a consequence, usually punishment. A law is thus a statement of a contingency of reinforcement maintained by a governmental agency. The contingency may have prevailed as a controlling practice prior to its codification as a law, or it may represent a new practice which goes into effect with the passage of the law. Laws are thus both descriptions of past practices and assurances of similar practices in the future. A law is a rule of conduct in the sense that it specifies the consequences of certain actions which in turn "rule" behavior. The effect of a law upon the controlling agency. The government of a large group requires an elaborate organization, the practices of which may be made more consistent and effective by codification. How codes of law affect governmental agents is the principal subject of jurisprudence. The behavioral processes are complex, although presumably not novel. In order to maintain or "enforce" contingencies of governmental control, an agency must establish the fact that an individual has behaved illegally and must interpret a code to determine the punishment. It must then carry out the punishment. These labors are usually divided among special subdivisions of the agency. The advantages gained when the individual is "not under man but under law" have usually been obvious, and the great codifiers of law occupy places of honor in the history of civilization. Codification does not, however, change the essential nature of governmental action nor remedy all its defects. Comprehension Questions:
1. In the development of a government agency, ______ .
A.The standard on which the judgment may be made is more important than the actual application of this judgment
B.the function of law is important
C.the study of ordinance is the most important
D.practice is more important than criterion
A B C D
B
根据本文第一句话可知，在政府机构的发展过程中，法律的作用是很重要的。所以答案选B。
2. One of the prominent characteristics of a law is______ .
A.the result on the individual' s behavior on which a restraining influence is being exercised
B.the result of a behavior on the members of the governmental agency
C.the result of a behavior on ordinary citizens
D.both A and B
A B C D
A
文章第二段举例说明了法律的突出特征：The behavior is usually... its effect upon others—the effect that is the object of governmental control。
3. What does the example "committed perjury" illustrate?
A.The law will examine closely what the individual said in court.
B.It illustrates that the law only has something to say when behavior has negative effects on others.
C.Behavior which tends to avoid punishing stimulus will not be explicitly specified by law.
D.Both B and C
A B C D
B
第二段说Only properties of behavior．．．in assault the aversive character of physical injury说明法律只有当个人行为对其他人产生了负面影响时才会起作用。所以答案选B。
4. The other distinguishing trait of the law is ______ .
A.punishment is carried out by the courts at all levels
B.rules and court practices initiated by a governmental agency are specifically designed to increase government control
C.a system of rules governing a conduct, activity or event incidental by nature
D.any governmental reinforcement
A B C D
C
根据第二段A law is a rule of．．．in turn“rule'’behavior，可判断答案为C项。
5. Why are laws formed?
A.Laws are made before a contingency.
B.Laws arc made after a contingency.
C.A contingency always happens before a law is approved and passed.
D.Laws are passed to stand the' test of time' and are applicable to other similar circumstances in the future.
A B C D
D
文章第二段倒数第二句提到Laws are thus．．．past practices and．．．similar practices in the future即法律既是对过去行为的描述也是确定未来的相类似行为，选项D表述意思与此相同。
6. How does codification of the laws affect governmental agents?
A.The law will be interpreted objectively rather than subjectively.
B.Government agencies have to compromise with factual conditions.
C.Occasionally, governmental agencies have to redress, correct or adapt a law for their benefit.
D.Laws can not be altered or modified but they can be incremented with new court decisions and also through jurisprudence.
A B C D
A
文章最后一段提到an agency must．．．determine the punishment和the individual is not under man but under law"等，也就是，法律对政府机构工作人员的影响就是，他们必须严格按照法律规定，客观性地履行自己的职责。可以判断选项A正确。
Passage 2 If income is transferred from rich persons to poor persons the proportion in which different sorts of goods and services are provided will be changed. Expensive luxuries will give place to more necessary articles, rare wines to meat and bread, new machines and factories to clothes and improved small dwellings; and there will be other changes of a like sort. In view of this fact, it is inexact to speak of a change in the distribution of the dividend in favor of, or adverse to, the poor. There is not a single definitely constituted heap of things coming into being each year and distributed now in one way, now in another. In fact, there is no such thing as the dividend from the point of view of both of two years, and therefore, there can be no such thing as a change in its distribution. This, however, is a point of words rather than of substance. What I mean when I say that the distribution of the dividend has changed in favor of the poor is that, the general productive power of the community being given, poor people are getting more of the things they want at the expense of rich people getting less of the things they want. It might be thought at first sight that the only way in which this could happen would be through a transference of purchasing power from the rich to the poor. That, however, is not so. It is possible for the poor to be advantaged and the rich damaged, even though the quantity of purchasing power, i.e. of command over productive resources, held by both groups remains unaltered. This might happen if the technical methods of producing something predominatingly consumed by the poor were improved and at the same time those of producing something predominatingly consumed by the rich were worsened, and if the net result was to leave the size of the national dividend as defined in Chapter V. unchanged. It might also happen if, by a system of rationing or some other device, the rich were forced to transfer their demand away from things which are important to the poor and which are produced under such conditions that diminished demand leads to lowered prices. Per contra and this point will be seen in Part IV. To be very important practically—the share, both proportionate and absolute of command over the country' s productive resources held by the poor may be increased, and yet, if the process by which they acquire this greater share involves an increase in the cost of things that play a large part in their own consumption, they may not really gain. Thus a change in distribution favorable to the poor may be brought about otherwise than by a transference of purchasing power, or command over productive resources, to them, and it does not mean a transference of these things to them. None the less, this sort of transference is the most important, and may be regarded as the typical, means by which changes in distribution favorable to the poor come about. Comprehension Questions ：
1. The method in which the writer believes is most effective for the poor benefiting from the rich is ______ .
A.amassing all products from the last two years and reallocating them
B.ensuring the majority of products available are more useful to the poor
C.offering low priced stock that the poor could 'afford
D.by limiting the buying of the rich
A B C D
B
文章的第二段中讲到Thus a change in distribution．．．command over productive resources，选项B意思符合。
2. Why does the author use the term "the dividend" even though he has acknowledged that in fact it does not exist?
A.He is attempting to describe a transmittal circumstance.
B.He is articulating a metaphysical theory
C.He is clarifying a situation
D.He is devising an econometric formula.
A B C D
B
作者是为了设想一种抽象的理论。This(dividend)，however，is a point of words rather than of substance．
3. Does the author believe that transference of purchasing power is effective in benefiting the poor?
A.No, he believes evenly distributing all resources is best.
B.No, he believes rationing of the rich is eminent.
C.Yes, he believes it is possible to limit the rich and make products for the poor mote accessible.
D.Yes, distribution is influenced by transference and as a result the poor prosper.
A B C D
C
文章提到It might also happen．．．the rich were forced to transfer their demand．．． diminished demand leads to lowered prices。所以购买力的转移是真的可以使穷人获利。
4. Docs the writer truly believe that the poor actually could be more privileged than the rich?
A.Yes, as long as the factories capacities manufacture items for the poor are increased.
B.No, this a theory, however, the reality is that the rich have the power.
C.Yes, as long as the rich are restricted from buying more titan the poor.
D.No, but he is making a point that the rich could be put at a disadvantage to the benefit of the poor.
A B C D
D
文章第二段开始就说is a point of words rather than of substance，文中的叙述一直都是在用It might also happen if may be brought about等。由此可知，选项D正确。
5. To be very important practically—the share, both proportionate and absolute of command over the country' s productive resources held by the poor may be increased, and yet, if the process by which they acquire this greater share involves an increase in the cost of things that play a large part in their own consumption, they may not really gain. Chose one of the following which has the closest meaning to the above sentence.
A.If the relative price is proportionate to the control over the supply which is in favor of the poor.
B.Products which are unaffordable are of no use, and therefore, more control over the supply needs to be exercised.
C.Products which are unaffordable are of no use, and therefore, more control over the supply needs to be exercised so that the poor are profited.
D.If the price of the items the poor use is too high, they cannot afford them and so there needs to be more control over the supply which is in favor of the poor.
6. Considering the main point of the reading, chose the best title from one of the following:
A.Robinhood Rides Again
B.The Poor Successfully Benefit from the Rich
C.Transference: The Power of the Poor over the Rich
D.A Distribution from the Poor to the Rich
A B C D
D
纵览全文可知，文章讲述的是产品的分配，选项D正确。
Passage 3 Many different meanings have been given to the word poetry. It would weary my readers if I were to discuss which of these definitions ought to be selected; I prefer telling them at once that which I have chosen. In my opinion, Poetry is the search after, and the delineation of, the Ideal. The Poet is he who, by suppressing a part of what exists, by adding stone imaginary touches to the picture, and by combining certain real circumstances that do not in fact happen together, completes and extends the work of nature. Thus the object of poetry is not to represent what is true, but to adorn it and to present to the mind some loftier image. Verse, regarded as the idem beauty of language, may be eminently poetical; but verse does not of itself constitute poetry. I now proceed to inquire whether among the actions, the sentiments, and the opinions of democratic nations there are any which lead to a conception of the ideal, and which may for this reason be considered as natural sources of poetry. It must, in the first place, be acknowledged that the taste for ideal beauty, and the pleasure derived from the expression of it, are never so intense or so diffused among a democratic as among an aristocratic people. In aristocratic nations it sometimes happens that the body acts as it were spontaneously, while the higher faculties are bound and burdened by repose. Among these nations the people will often display poetic tastes, and their fancy sometimes ranges beyond and above what surrounds them. But in democracies the love of physical gratification, the notion of bettering one' s condition, the excitement of competition, the charm of anticipated success, are so many spurs to urge men onward in the active professions they have embraced, without allowing them to deviate for an instant from the track. The main stress of the faculties is to this point. The imagination is not extinct, but its chief function is to devise what may be useful and to represent what is real. The principle of equality not only diverts men from the description of ideal beauty; it also diminishes the number of objects to be described. Aristocracy, by maintaining society in a fixed position, is favorable to the solidity and duration of positive religions as well as to the stability of political institutions. Not only does it keep the human mind within a certain sphere of belief, but it predisposes the mind to adopt one faith rather than another. An aristocratic people will always be prone to place intermediate powers between God and man. In this respect it may be said that the aristocratic element is favorable to poetry. When the universe is peopled with supernatural beings, not palpable to sense, but discovered by the mind, the imagination ranges freely; and poets, finding a thousand subjects to delineate, also find a countless audience to take an interest in their productions. In democratic ages it sometimes happens, on the contrary, that men are as much afloat in matters of faith as they are in their laws. Skepticism then draws the imagination of poets back to earth and confines them to the real and visible world. Even when the principle of equality does not disturb religious conviction, it tends to simplify it and to divert attention from secondary agents, to fix it principally on the Supreme Power. Aristocracy naturally leads the human mind to the contemplation of the past and fixes it there. Democracy, on the contrary, gives men a sort of instinctive distaste for what is ancient. In this respect aristocracy is far more favorable to poetry; for things commonly grow larger and more obscure as they are more remote, and for this twofold reason they are better suited to the delineation of the ideal. Comprehension Questions:
1. Why does the author give his opinion of the definition of poetry?
A.He doesn' t want his readers to be confused.
B.He wants to get to his point and not discuss definitions.
C.Many people have tried to define it, and he wanted to add another by giving his point of view.
D.He doesn' t think the other definitions are accurate.
A B C D
B
第一段开始作者就说Many different meanings．．．It would weary my readers．．．selected:．．． hat which I have chosen说明作者不想让读者感到厌倦，而直接给出自己的看法，以便自己继续下去，因为他的用意不是讨论诗的定义。
2. The purpose of the passage is to ______ .
A.explain the meaning of poetry and the art of a poet
B.contrast poetry with a democratic and a aristocratic societies
C.explain how poetry, democracy, and aristocracy intermingle
D.contrast the inclination towards poetry in democratic and aristocratic societies
3. How do those of an aristocracy and those of a democracy differ in the use of their imaginations?
A.For those of an aristocracy, the imagination is boundless, and for those of a democracy, the imagination is used to reach realistic goals.
B.For those of an aristocracy, the imagination is used to reach realistic goals, and for those of a democracy, the imagination is boundless.
C.For those of an aristocracy, the imagination is boundless, and for those of a democracy, the imagination is used to reach unrealistic goals.
D.For those of an aristocracy, the imagination is bound to be practical, and for those of a democracy, the imagination is used to reach realistic goals.
A B C D
A
根据第四段第一句the taste for ideal beauty．．． are never so intense or so diffused among a democratic as among an aristocratic people，可知A项为正确答案。
4. How does the author contrast aristocratic and democratic societies in their response to religion?
A.Democratic societies are more receptive than aristocratic societies.
B.Aristocratic societies are more receptive than democratic societies.
C.Aristocratic societies are not as receptive as democratic societies.
D.Democratic societies axe just as more receptive as aristocratic societies
A B C D
B
文章第六段中提到Aristocracy is favorable to the solidity and duration of positive religions，即他们对宗教信仰的态度是支持的，第七段提到In democratic ages，这种情况正相反，B项内容符合文意。
5. How do aristocratic societies' perception of spiritual powers influence whether they are "favorable to poetry" or not?
A.Since they are aware of the supernatural powers around them, they are inhibited to write.
B.They become overwhelmed with the revealing of the psyche, and as a result they write.
C.Their imagination has been reigned in; and therefore, they will not write.
D.Not only man, but spiritual beings are attentive to their art, so they are stimulated to write.
A B C D
D
根据第六段最后一句When the universe．．．poets，finding a thousand subject to delineate．．．in their productions，可知选项D与原文意思相符。
6. How does a democratic nation influence poetry?
A.It limits writing.
B.It enhances writing.
C.It embellishes writing.
D.It deepens writing.
A B C D
A
文章第五段提到The principle of equality．．．diverts men from．．．diminishes the number of objects to be described．也就是说民主社会会限制人们写诗的欲望。
Passage 4 One reaction to all the concern about tropical deforestation is a blank stare that asks the question, "Since I don't live in the tropics, what does it have to do with me?" The answer is that your way of life, wherever you live in the world, is tied to the tropics in many ways. If you live in a house, wash your hair, eat fruit and vegetables, drink soda, or drive a car, you can be certain that you are affected by the loss of tropical forests. Biologically, we are losing the richest regions on earth when, each minute, a piece of tropical forest the size of ten city blocks vanishes. As many as five million species of plants, animals and insects, 40 to 50 percent of all living things, live there, and are being irrevocably lost faster than they can be found and described. Their loss is incalculable. Take medicine, for example. Fewer than one percent of tropical forest plants have been examined for their chemical compounds. Nonetheless, scientists have integrated a wealth of important plants into our everyday lives. The West African calabar bean is used to treat glaucoma, while the sankerfoot plant of India yields reserpine, essential for treating hypertension. A West African vine provides the basis for strophanthus, a heart medicine. Quinine, an alkaloid derived from boiling the bark of the cinchona tree, is used to prevent and treat malaria. Derivatives from the rosy periwinkle offer a 99 percent chance of remission for victims of lymphocytie leukemia, as well as a 59 percent chance of recovery from Hodgkin' s disease. In fact, of the 3,000 plant species in the world known to contain anti-cancer properties, 2,100 ate from the tropical rain forest. Then there is rubber. For many uses, only natural rubber from trees will do, synthetics are not good enough. Today, over half of the world' s commercial rubber is produced in Malaysia and Indonesia, while the Amazon' s rubber industry produces much of the world' s four million tons. Adding ammonia to rubber produces latex which is used for surgical gloves, balloons, adhesives, and foam rubber. Latex, plus a weak mixture of acid results in sheet rubber used for footwear and many sporting goods. Literally thousands of tropical plants are valuable for their industrial uses. Many provide fiber and canes for furniture, soundproofing and insulation. Palm oil, a product of tile tropics, brings to your table margarine, cooking oil, bakery products, and candles. Palm nut oil, from the seed kernel inside the fruit, is found in soap, candles, and mayonnaise. The sap from Amazonian copaiba trees, poured straight into a fuel tank, can power a truck. At present, 20 percent of Brazil ' s diesel fuel comes from this tree. An expanded use of this might reduce our dependency on irreplaceable fossil fuels. Many scientists assert that deforestation contributes to the greenhouse effect, the heating of the earth from increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. As we destroy forests, we lose their ability to convert carbon dioxide into oxygen. Carbon dioxide levels could double within the next half-century, warming the earth by as much as 4.5 degrees. The result.'? A partial melt-down of the polar ice caps, raising sea levels as much as 24 feet. A rise of 15 feet would threaten anyone living within 35 miles of the coast. Far-fetched? Perhaps, but scientists warn that by the time we realize the severe effects of tropical deforestation, it will be 20 years too late. Can tropical deforestation affect our everyday lives? We only have to look at the catalogued tropical forests and the abundance of wondrous products from which we benefit every day to know the answer. After all, the next discovery could be a cure for cancer or the common cold, or the answer to feeding the hungry, or fuelling our world for centuries to come. Comprehension Questions
1. According to the information contained in the article, tropical deforestation______.
A.will continue relentlessly and cannot be prevented
B.may have critical consequences for tile survival of mankind
C.is not a really serious problem and reports have been widely exaggerated
D.is necessary for the economic development of non-industrialized countries
A B C D
B
文中wherever you live in the world，is tied to the tropics in many ways可见它与人类社会休戚相关，因此tropical deforestation可能会对人类的生存造成不好的影响。
2. It can be inferred from the article that the majorty of tropical forests______.
A.contain a few valuable plants which possess curative properties
B.are of little interest to scientists involved in medical research
C.could be the source of a cum for life threatening diseases and various health problems
D.as a region produce only one percent of modem medicines
A B C D
C
第二段提到Fewer than one percent...a wealth of important plants into our everyday lives，所以不难推测，这些热带雨林可能是治疗致命的疾病和各种健康问题的良药。
3. Which statement best expresses the main idea of the article?
A.Many different kinds of medicine come from tropical forests.
B.Virtually all of the world' s rain forest has already been destroyed.
C.Tropical forests are disappearing at an alarming rate.
D.Tropical deforestation affects people in all parts of the globe.
A.How many plant species found outside tropical rain forests could be used in the treatment of cancer?
B.Which plant has a product used for tile treatment of anxiety?
C.Worldwide, what is the total annual production of synthetic rubber?
D.Which rain forest plant can be used for the treatment of eye disease?
A B C D
C
文中并未说明人工合成橡胶的年总产量。
5. If the percentage of carbon dioxide in the air continues to increase at current rates______.
A.average daily temperatures worldwide could increase considerably
B.some sea level islands could be threatened by flooding
C.all coastal regions throughout the world could be at serious risk
D.all of the above
A B C D
D
文章第三段提到了热带雨林减少可能带来的危害，包括气温升高，partial meltdown of the polar ice caps，raising sea levels，这些将导致海岸边35英里的地方被海水淹没。所以答案选D。
6. Based upon the content of the article, it can be assumed that the writer______.
A.would actively involve herself in actions designed to bring the rain forest problem to the attention of governments worldwide
B.has little interest in tile destruction about which she is writing
C.obtained a few facts and produced a story with no basis in reality
D.is only satisfied when creating stories which are intended to frighten people
A B C D
A
文章中作者阐述热带雨林对人类的重要性，所以她应该会积极地致力于使世界各国政府都能注意到雨林问题。
Passage 5 Building on the base of evidence and interpretation in Hansen' s qualitative study of working people' s diaries, ,se assigned each diarist a set of codes to indicate employment, marital status, number of children, and size of the town in which he or she lived. To analyze the number, location and gender mix of visiting occasions, we coded each day in January and July for every year of the diary, counting the number of named visitors, the visitors' gender, the size of the visiting occasion (1 to 4 people, or 5 and above), the gender mix of those present during the visit, and the location of the visit. While this may seem straightforward at first glance, the variable nature of the diary entries meant that the coding process was not as uncomplicated as we initially anticipated. Given the number of diarists and the span of diary-keeping years, we faced the possibility of coding over 200,000 diary days. Because of the labor-intensive nature of the coding and the number of entries, we chose to code only 2 months—January and July—of each year a diarist kept a diary. We chose 2 months that could reflect a range of sociability. Severe January weather in New England impeded mobility, but it also freed those who were farmers from most of their labor-intensive chores. July tended to be haying season tbr farmers, which meant some people routinely worked all month in the fields—some alone, some with hired help. Further, the clement July weather meant grater mobility for all of the diary keepers. For some people—those who kept a diary for only a single year—the fact that we coded only 2 months out of each year meant we have only 62 "diary-days" to document their social lives. For others, we have several thousand. Limiting ourselves to January and July for each diary year, we nonetheless coded entries for a total of 24,752 diary days. In an effort to capture an accurate picture of visiting patterns, we coded every day of a given month, even those that had no entry or that mentioned only the weather, as well as those that recorded numerous visiting occasions in one day. Determining a working definition of what constituted a visit was also an unexpected challenge. For example, although schoolteacher Mary Mudge kept a meticulous record of her visiting "rounds," listing names, places, and conversation topics, other diarists were not as forthcoming. A typical entry in farmer John Campbell' s diary (9 July, 1825 ) was less amenable to our initial coding scheme: "Go to Carr' s for Oxen." ( See Hansen and Mcdonald, 1995, for a fuller discussion of the pitfalls of coding diary data. ) We therefore created the following coding protocol. We defined a visit as any occasion in which the diarist names the presence of individuals not of his or her household, the presence of the non-household member serving to distinguish between a community interaction and a household interaction. We also coded as visits public events at which the diarist was present but others in attendance were not named. The most common among these were records of church attendance. Although an entry "went to church" did not result in a finding of specific male or female visitors, it was a community interaction; thus, these entries were coded as gender-mixed visiting occasions of five or more people in a public place. Because of the variable nature of diary-keeping practices, we were careful to record only what we could confidently infer. Therefore, some entries record visits but no named individuals. Others, such as church attendance (which is generally a large-group event) or a visit to one named friend ( which is an intimate affair), allowed us to code the size of the group. Still others, when the location of the visit was specifically mentioned, allowed us to code the diarist as hosting, acting as a guest in another' s home, or interaction at a public place. Comprehension Questions:
1. What is the significance of Hansen' s study to the passage?
A.It was the foundation of the research.
B.It was the groundwork for the research.
C.It was the research that was coded.
D.It was the example used for the coding.
A B C D
A
根据第一句Building on the base of evidence and interpretation in Hansen’s qualitative study，可见Hansen’s study为研究提供了基础。
3. Why were only the months of January and July chosen to be coded?
A.To make the task more idealistic.
B.These two months were appropriate representatives of the year.
C.These months gave more opportunity for visitation.
D.To make the task more realistic.
A B C D
D
文章第二段解释了为什么选择这两个月份：We chose 2 months that could reflect a range of sociability。这样也就使得他们的研究更加真实。
4. What is the purpose of this study?
A.To record social habits.
B.To analyze anti-social behavior.
C.To analyze frequency and purposes of social gatherings.
D.To analyze frequency and purposes of keeping diaries.
A B C D
C
第一段提到研究人们的日记从而了解the size，the location of the visit等最后两段又提到关于visit的definition，由此可以判断研究目的是选项C所表述的内容。
5. How did diaries such as John Campbell ' s influence the study?
A.They demanded more specific classification of visits.
B.They demanded that church attendance be included as visits.
C.They demanded that visiting a friend be classified as intimate.
D.They demanded that both men and women be present.
A B C D
A
文章最后两段谈到由于John Campbell’s dairy与我们原来的条例不同，所以We therefore created the following coding protocol选项A表述符合此意。
6. One weakness of this study may be ______ .
A.It overestimates the level of sociability in the diarists' lives.
B.It underestimates the level of sociability in the diarists' lives.
C.It misinterprets the level of sociability in the diarists' lives.
D.It underrates the level of sociability in the diarists' lives.
A B C D
B
因为并不是每个人都会每天写日记，所以这项研究的不足之处是会曲解社交活动水平。
Part Ⅳ Translation Directions: Write your translations in your answer sheet.
1. Americans find it difficult to think about old age until they arc propelled into the midst of it by their own aging and that of relatives and friends. Aging is the neglected stepchild of the human life cycle. Though we have begun to examine the socially taboo subjects of dying and death, we have leaped over that long period of time preceding death known as old age. In truth, it is easier to manage the problem of death than the problem of living as an old person. Death is a dramatic, one-time crisis while old age is a day-by-day and yea?-by-year confrontation with powerful external and internal forces, a bittersweet coming to terms with one' s own personality and one' s life. (1) We base our feelings on primitive fears, prejudice and stereotypes rather than on knowledge and insight. In reality， the way one experiences old age is contingent upon circumstances of late-life events (in what order they occur, how they occur, when they occur) and the social supports one receives: adequate finances, shelter, medical care ， social roles, religious support, recreation. (2) All of these are crucial and interconnected elements which together determine the quality of late life. Old age is neither inherently miserable nor inherently sublime—like every stage of life it has problems, joys, fears and potentials. The process of aging and eventual death must ultimately be accepted as the natural progression of the life cycle, the old completing their prescribed life spans and making way for the young. (3) Much that is unique in old age in fact derives from the reality of aging and the imminence of death. The old must clarify and find use for what they have attained in a lifetime of learning and adapting; they must conserve strength and resources where necessary and adjust creatively to those changes and losses that occur as part of the aging experience. (4) The elderly have the potential for qualities of human reflection and observation which can only come from having lived an entire life span. There is a lifetime accumulation of personality and experience which is available to be used and enjoyed. (5)
Since the reform and opening, China has changed its total or semi-closure and improved the level of its economy. 2. Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of a given group of human beings. 3. The women of a nation mold morals, religion, and politics of the nation by the lives they live. 4. Helping the truly poor is much worthier than merely narrowing the gap of income-inequalities. And helping the lower class rejoin the mainstream of society is in the interests of all. 5. To continue to propel the modernization drive, to achieve reunification of the motherland, and to safeguard world peace and promote common development are the three historical tasks of the Chinese people in the new century.
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