1. Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and by to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more. Please write the shole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.
[解析] Goats always seem to be second best to other farm animals. They give milk, but not as much as cows do. They offer meat, but not as much as pigs do. They provide wool, but not as much as sheep do. They carry loads, but not as well as homes do. However, goats have their own special merits. They thrive on weeds and twigs that would make cattle and sheep sick. They can live just about any-where since they need very little space. Years ago, city inhabitants even raised goats in their backyard. Goats can also climb just about anything, and are so sure-footed that they can even live on the slopes of mountains. In fact, the animal seems healthiest and happiest when there is something for them to climb. Because of their adaptability, goats are raised for their milk, meat, hair and leather in many parts of the world.
PART Ⅱ LISTENING COMPREHENSION In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything once only. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer for each question on your ANSWER SHEET.
SECTION A CONVERSATIONS In this section, you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the conversation.
[解析] 1-4 M: We seem to be having this conversation over and over again. W: You're right. M: Look, I know how you feel about my smoking. You don't have to tell me every day. W:I'm sorry. I worry about you. M:I know. But work and school have me so stressed out. Maybe I'll be able to quit after I graduate. W: Let's be honest. There's always going to be a reason. After you graduate, it's going to be hard to find a job, then there will be the stress from just starting a job, then. M: Okay, I get your point. It's just so hard. You don't really understand because you never smoked. W: You need some help. Why don't you go to a doctor? M: You mean a psychiatrist. W: No, I don't. I mean a general practitioner. Maybe you can get a patch, or some pills well, I don't know, something to help you with the withdrawal. Because that's what it is. M: Really, I believe I can quit on my own. But I'll think about it. I will. W: All right. I won't mention it for a week. Then I want to know your decision. Because if you don't get some help, I need to rethink our plans. M: You mean you'd break our engagement over this? I can't believe it! W: I don't know. I love you, but I'm not sure I could accept everything that goes along with the smoking. [试题分析] 本题考的是谈话的主题，可听完全文再做判断。 [详细解答] 首先看题支。这一题的关键是弄清楚哪一个是主要的话题，题支已经给出暗示，一般来讲，主要的话题总是反复出现，而且围绕此话题的谈话时间较长。Smoking符合要求。
2. What does the woman suggest?
A.That the man rethink their plans.
B.That the man see a family doctor.
C.That the man see a psychiatrist.
D.That the man concentrate on his studies.
A B C D
B
[解析] 这里考的是细节。可以边听边做出选择。 [详细解答] 先浏览题支。主要的话题是smoking，当然就要提到戒烟了，C具有迷惑性，听的时候一定要注意否定词，“you mean a psychiatrist”“No，I don't”由此可以得出正确答案。
3. How does the man feel about the woman's decision?
C.That she has asked the man to quit smoking many times.
D.That she is not in love with the man.
A B C D
C
[解析] 这是一道推理题。需要先听明白，再做推理。 [详细解答] 根据“You don't have to tell me every-day”可以判断出C为正确选项。B和D有一定的迷惑性，但是谈话中女士提到“I love you，but I'm not sure I could accept everything that goes along with the smoking”，可以推测B和D是错误的。
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the conversation.
[解析] 5-7 M: Did you see that TV special on Norman Rockwell last night? W: Yes, I did. It was really good, wasn't it? M: It sure was. I thought it was really interesting how he developed the paintings in states starting with photo- graphs. W: Yes, I did, too. It never occurred to me that he would have actually employed models. M: I know. But it does make sense to use photographs of real people, to solve as many of the composition problems as possible before starting to paint. W: True. Anyway, you know what I like most about his work? M: What? W: Well, when you look at one of the magazine covers, which magazine was it? M: The Saturday Evening Post. W: Yes, you can just tell what the people are thinking and feeling. The picture really tells a story. M: You're right. I like that, too. And to think that he created several hundred of those. W: Amazing. Of course, that was over a period of almost sixty years, but still... M: I'd like to see them when that exhibit comes to Miami. W: What exhibit? M: The one they mentioned after the special. W: Oh. I must have turned it off before the announcement. I'd like to see it, too. Let's go. [试题分析] 本题考的是谈话的主题。需要依据会话重点做出选择。 [详细解答] 此类题目，要注意会话的重点，尤其是要注意关键词和具有提示作用的词语。由“Did you see that TV special on Norman Rockwell last night?”以及以后的内容可以做出选择。
2. According to the woman, what is the problem that the man is having?
A.He imagined them.
B.He used magazine covers.
C.He hired models.
D.He read stories.
A B C D
C
[解析] 这里考查的是细节。要求听者对局部内容认真把握。 [详细解答] 此类题目，要注意会话话题的转换，以及每一个话题，说话者都说了什么，可以边听边做出选择。依据“It never occurred to me that he would have actually employed models”和“But it does make sense to use photographs of real people”可以判断C为正确答案。
3. What can we learn about Norman Rockwell from the conversation?
Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the conversation.
B.The woman is showing the man how to put page numbers on a document.
C.The man is printing a document.
D.The man is using his computer to do mathematical functions.
A B C D
B
W. What's the problem? M: I can't figure out how to put the page numbers on. I've done everything and they aren't showing up. W: Let's see, did you press Shift, F-8 ? M: Yes, I did that. Then I hit P for page and N for number. W. That's good. Did you type in the page number where you want the numbering to start? M: Yes. I typed the number 1. W: Right. Did you press Enter? M: Yes. W: How about F-7 return to the document? M: I did that. But no numbers showed up on the screen. W: Unhuh, did you print it? M: No, I don't want to print it until I see the numbers. W: Well, that's the problem then. The numbers don't show up on the screen. But they will do on the printed copy. Lot's try that. M: Okay. You do it this time, and I'll watch. W: Well, I'll do it as you want, but it would be better it you let me talk you through it. M: I don't know. W: Really. Once you've done it with someone coaching you, it's easier to do it on your own. Don't worry. This is my job. M: Oh, all right. Shift, F- 8. W: Now hit P tor page and N for number. M: And the page number I want to start with which is number 1. W: Great. Just press Enter, then F-7 to return to the document, and you're all set to print. Then you'll see those numbers. [试题分析] 本题考查的是会话的目的。 [详细解答] 会话中有问题，会话的目的就是解决问题。问题是“I can't figure out how to put the page numbers on．”所以目的当然是B了。
2. Why is John studying?
A.He needs to press F7 to return to the document before he prints it.
B.He has to print the document to see the page numbers.
C.The printer is not working correctly,
D.The numbers are on the screen but they don't print out.
A B C D
B
[解析] 这里考查的是细节。要求听者对局部内容认真把握。 [详细解答] 此类题目，要注意会话话题的转换，以及每一个话题，说话者都说了什么，可以边听边做出选择。依据“I can't figure out how to put the page numbers on．”和“I don't want to print it until I see the numbers”可以看出B为正确答案。
3. What does the woman want the man to do?
A.She wants the man to listen to the instructions and observe.
B.She wants the man to watch white she performs the operations.
C.She wants the man to ask questions so that she can help him.
D.She wants the man to try to do it while she gives him instructions.
A B C D
D
[解析] 这里考查的是细节。要求听者对局部内容认真把握。 [详细解答] 此类题目，要注意会话话题的转换，以及每一个话题，说话者都说了什么，可以边听边做出选择。依据“but it would be better if you let me talk you through it”可以做出选择。
SECTION B PASSAGES In this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the passage.
1. Based on the passage, how many of one hundred and twenty American couples of the beat generation practiced cohabitation?
A.About 20 couples.
B.About 30 couples.
C.About 60 couples.
D.About 40 couples.
A B C D
D
[解析] 11-13 The beat generation mainly referred to the youth who were born and brought up around the Second World War. They showed their disdain for almost everything traditional, such as government authority, respect for parents, one's duty, moral standards, and traditional customs. They developed a kind of absolute individualism and liberty. They preferred long hair, mini-dresses or close-fitting clothes to show off tile figure. They advocated freedom of sex and cohabitation. Their influence could be seen from the fact that about one third of the American couples living together were not married by law. And the divorce rate was very high. The endless U. S wars abroad and sharp class struggle at home caused many American youths to develop a kind of cynicism. They doubted the existing social system, possibility of harmonious human relations, and the long-honored standard for correct behavior. They felt society overlook their needs. Therefore, they refused to do any duty that was required of them by society. They declared "Don't believe anyone over thirty". All this came from the sick society. It's wrong to imagine they all fought against capitalism in support of revolutionary things. Some of their ideas were even more decadent and impractical. It was an abnormal phenomenon in an abnormal society. [试题分析] 本题测试的是文章的细节部分。 [详细解答] “one third of the American couples living together were not married by law”，因此答案很显然是D。
2. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.The beat generation's refused to do any duty.
B.The beat generation was in support of almost everything traditional.
C.The beat generation believes no one except that he is over thirty.
D.The beat generation's ideas were not impractical.
A B C D
A
[解析] 本题测试的是对文章的理解。 [详细解答] 根据整篇文章，可以看出只有A是真实的，而文章中也有原句为证“they refused to do any duty that was required of them by society．”。
3. Why did the boat generation refuse to cooperate with society?
A.They had no interest.
B.They found hard to cooperate with it .
C.The laws block their way to do so.
D.They thought their need was neglected.
A B C D
D
[解析] 本题测试的是文章的细节部分。 [详细解答] They felt society overlooked their needs． Therefore，they refused to do any duty that was re-quired of them by society. They declared“Don't believe anyone over thirty”，从此句中，我们不难看出他们拒绝与社会合作的原因正是因为他们认为社会忽视了他们需要。
Questions 14 to 16 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the passage.
[解析] 14-16 Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and the number of such reasons is small. Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way. First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size. The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches, which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape. Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree heavier. You may cut out diseased or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds. Removing branches that are blocking up the center and so preventing the free movement of air may encourage the health of a tree. One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease, but it is a wound that will heal. Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die, so that there is a period when the tree is at risk. It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce that risk of death as far as possible. It is essential to make the area, which has been pruned smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness. You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hours and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose. Pruning is usually done in winter, for then you can see the shape of the tree clearly without interference from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed. If this does happen, it is, of course, impossible to paint them properly. [试题分析] 本题测试的是对细节的理解。 [详细解答] 从文中我们知道剪枝的两个原因是“to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size”以及“make the tree heavier”，因此答案是B。
2. Why is a special substance painted on the tree?
Questions 17 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the passage.
1. What is the percentage of the sugar used as food?
A.19%.
B.90%.
C.10%.
D.30%.
A B C D
B
[解析] 17-20 Sugar is so much a part of our modern life that we only really think about it when, for some reason, we cannot obtain it. It has been known to man for at least 3,000 years, but has come into common use only in modern times. Until quite recently it was considered as a medicine and as a luxury for the very rich only. Sugar is, then, very important to our civilization. But what exactly is it? Of course, most of us recognize sugar immediately as the sweet material that we put in coffee or cakes. This common form of sugar is derived from two plants: the sugar cane (a type of grass which grows to a height of twenty feet) and the sugar Beet (which grows underground). But there are in fact many types of sugar, and the chemist recognizes hundreds of different varieties, each coming from a different source. About 90% of the sugar is produced as food. Only 10% is used in industry for purposes other than food production. Yet sugar has great possibilities for use as the basis of chemicals. It can even be used for making plastics. In the future these potential uses will certainly be developed more than in the past. There are many reasons why we should increase the production of sugar. Most important is that it is one of the most highly concentrated of energy foods. Thus sugar cane and beet produce an average of 7,000,000 calories per a-ere. In this way they have the advantage over potatoes, which give only 4,000,000, while figure for wheat and beans, is 2,000,000 each. So three acres of land growing wheat and potatoes give only slightly more energy than one acre of sugar. [试题分析] 本题测试的是文章的细节部分。 [详细解答] 原文已经很明确地告诉了我们答案：“About 90% of the sugar produced as food．”。
2. When was sugar used widely?
A.3,000 years ago.
B.In modem times.
C.Quite recently.
D.300 years ago.
A B C D
B
[解析] 本题测试的是对文章的细节部分的把握。 [详细解答] 原文中提到：“It has been known to man for at least 3，000 years，but has come into common use only in modern times．”，答案一目了然。
3. How many common forms of sugar are exemplified in this passage?
A.One.
B.Two.
C.One hundred.
D.Several hundreds.
A B C D
B
[解析] 本题测试的是文章的细节部分。 [详细解答] 原文已经很明确地告诉了我们答案：“This common form of sugar is derived from two plants：the sugar cane and the sugar beet”。因此文中提到的类型有两种，答案是B。
4. Why should we increase the production of sugar?
A.It tastes sweet.
B.We can save plenty of land.
C.We can get more energy.
D.It is one of the most highly concentrated of energy food.
A B C D
D
[解析] 本题测试的还是文章的细节部分。 [详细解答] “There are many reasons why we should increase the production of sugar．Most important is that it is one of the most highly concentrated of energy foods．”，答案不用赘述。
SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST
Questions 21 and 22 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.
A.The U.S. Congress has ratified the agreement to normalize U.S. trade with Vietnam.
B.The agreement was negotiated in the last year.
C.President Bush wanted to normalize overall ties between U.S. and Vietnam.
D.The agreement has strong support among Vietnam War veterans.
A B C D
A
[解析] 21-22 President Bush has asked Congress to ratify an agreement to normalize U.S. trade with Vietnam. The president sent the agreement negotiated in the last year of the Clinton administration to Congress Friday. In his message to Congress, Mr. Bush said ratification will continue the historic process of normalizing overall ties between the former enemies. Mr. Bush noted that the agreement would increase opportunities for U. S. business by requiring Vietnam to remove a wide range of trade barriers. The agreement would also put Vietnamese exports on the same tariff basis as the majority of U. S. trading partners. The president said the agreement has strong support in Congress and among Vietnam War veterans. [试题分析] 本题是综合判断题。 [详细解答] 该项协议刚由布什总统提出，要求国会审核通过，新闻中并未提到国会同意与否，因此A项信息不正确；其余三项均可从新闻中找到出处。
2. What does the agreement require Vietnam to do?
A.To release war captures.
B.To cut down tariffs.
C.To export less.
D.To remove trade barriers.
A B C D
D
[解析] 本题是语义辨析题。 [详细解答] 布什提出该协议将会increase opportunities for U．S．business by requiring Vietnam to remove a wide range of trade barriers因此交换条件是要越南大范围地移除贸易壁垒，而不是其它要求。
Questions 23 and 24 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.
[解析] 23-24 At least four Muslim worshippers have died and some 50 others were wounded in a grenade attack on a mosque in Kashmir. Officials said the attack took place immediately after Friday prayers at the Chrar-e-Sharief shrine in Badgam district, 30 kilometers west of Srinagar. Some of the injured are in critical condition. There has been no claim of responsibility for the at-tack. [试题分析] 本题是细节题。 [详细解答] 本题问的casualty意为死伤总数，据新闻报道，4死50伤，因此总数为54。
Questions 25 to 27 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.
[解析] 25-27 Iraq has signed a free-trade agreement with three other Arab countries at the conclusion of an Arab Economic Union meeting in Baghdad, the first there since 1991. The accord was signed Thursday by trade ministers from Iraq, Egypt, Syria and Libya. Officials say the free trade agreement is the first step towards establishing a common Arab market. Iraq is still under United Nations economic sanctions imposed after its 1990 invasion of Kuwait. Earlier this year, Iraq signed bilateral free trade agree-merits with Egypt and Syria. Reuters news agency reports Iraq's imports from Arab nations makes up 50 percent of Baghdad's annual trade. [试题分析] 本题是细节题。 [详细解答] 新闻中报道the accord was signed Thurs-day可知答案C正确。
2. Which country has not signed the free- trade agreement with Iraq?
Questions 28 to 30 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.
1. How many Pakistani soldiers arrived in Sierra Leone Thursday?
A.4,000.
B.265.
C.12,000.
D.10.
A B C D
B
[解析] 28-30 The first of an expected 4,000 Pakistani soldiers have arrived in Sierra Leone to bolster existing U. N. peacekeeping forces. A spokeswoman for the U. N. mission in Sierra Leone, Margaret Nowicki, says 265 Pakistani soldiers arrived Thursday in the capital, Freetown. U.N. member states have already sent 12,000 soldiers for peacekeeping service in the war-torn African country. The world body wants to deploy troops in Sierra Leone's diamond-producing eastern regions, under terms of a cease-fire agreement worked out last November with the government and rebel forces. Rebels from the Revolutionary United Front have battled the Sierra Leonean Army for 10 years in a vicious conflict for control of the diamond fields. The guerrillas have become notorious for killing and maiming thousands of civilians, including children. [试题分析] 本题是细节题。 [详细解答] 如能听清本新闻淡的是4，000巴基斯坦维和战士中第一批抵达塞拉利昂，那么本题就容易做了。本题要点是首句的first，二是其后报的265 Pakistani soldiers arrived。
2. Why does the rebels battle the Sierra Leonean Army?
A.To overthrow the government.
B.To become independent.
C.To control the diamond field.
D.To ask for ransom.
A B C D
C
[解析] 本题是语义辨别题。 [详细解答] 新闻中两次提到diamond fields，并指出一派是for control of the diamond fields而打仗的，所以答案应选C项。
3. What have the guerrilas become notorious for?
A.Breaking the cease-fire agreement.
B.Killing and maiming thousands of civilians.
C.Destroying a building.
D.Robbing a bank.
A B C D
B
[解析] 本题是细节题。 [详细解答] 新闻中最后一句话，即可判断B为正确答案。
PART Ⅲ CLOZE Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on your ANSWER SHEET. Business and government leaders also consider the inflation rate to be an important general indicator. Inflation is a period of increased 1 that causes rapid rises in prices. 2 your money buys fewer goods so that you get. 3 for the same amount of money as before, inflation is the problem. There is a general rise 4 the price of goods and services. Your money buys less. Sometimes people describe inflation as a(n) 5 when "a dollar is not worth a dollar anymore. Inflation is a problem for all consumers. People who live on a fixed income are hurt the 6 .Retired people, for instance, cannot 7 on an increase in income as prices rise. Elderly people who do not, work face serious problems in stretching their incomes to 8 their needs in time of inflation. Retirement income 9 any fixed income usually does not rise as fast as prices. Many retired people must cut their spending to 10 rising prices. In many cases they must stop 11 some necessary items, such as food and clothing. Even 12 working people whose incomes are going up, inflation can be a problem. The 13 of living goes up, too. People who work must have even more money to keep up their standard of living. Just buying the things they need costs more. When incomes do not keep 14 with rising prices, the standard of living goes down. People may be earning the same amount of money, but they are not living 15 because they are not able to buy as many goods and services. Government units gather information about prices in our economy and publish it as price indexes 16 the rate of change can be determined. A price index measures changes in prices using the price for a 17 year as the base. The base price is set 18 100, and the other prices are reported as a 19 of the base price. A price index makes 20 possible to compare current prices of typical consumer goods, for example, with prices of the same goods in previous years.
[解析] 根据语法逻辑。 [详细解答] 此处是形式宾语，代替不定式to com-pare current prices of typical consumer goods with prices of the same goods in previous years．
PART Ⅳ GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
1. John has to prepare the mathematic examination _________.
A.he can as best
B.best as he can
C.as he can best
D.as best he can
A B C D
D
[解析] 约翰不得不尽最大努力准备数学考试。 [试题分析] 本题是固定用法结构题。 [详细解答] as best (one)can表示尽最大努力，是固定用法，其余选项均不成立。
2. He is the best investment adviser and _________ can tell you which share you should buy.
A.as such
B.as to
C.so as to
D.such as to
A B C D
A
[解析] 他是最好的投资顾问，因此能告诉你该买哪些股票。 [试题分析] 本题是固定用法结构题。 [详细解答] as such在此句中意为作为(这样)一个……。such相当于不定代词one，但由于此时是在 as之后必须用such。as为介词。
11. I should very much like to have gone to the party but I _________.
A.was not invited
B.am not invited
C.was not being invited
D.will not be invited
A B C D
A
[解析] 如果我受邀请我非常愿意去参加聚会。 [试题分析] 本题是句型结构题。 [详细解答] 此处but结构可看成是通过上下文来表示假设的情况，but后面表示的是过去的一个事实。 but I was not invited相当于If I had been invited，表示与过去事实相反的假设，它与主句should like to have gone所表示的“过去想去而未能去成”相呼应。如果but前面的句子表示与现在事实相反，则but句子中的谓语须用一般现在时。
PART Ⅴ READING COMPREHENSION In this section there are several reading passages followed by twenty questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
TEXT A
The Alaska Pipeline
The Alaska pipeline starts at the frozen edge of the Arctic Ocean. It stretches southward across the largest and northernmost state in the United States, ending at a remote ice-free seaport village nearly 800 miles from where it begins. It is massive in size and extremely complicated to operate. The steel pipe crosses windswept plains and endless miles of delicate tundra that tops the frozen ground. It weaves through crooked canyons, climbs sheer mountains, plunges over rocky crags, makes its way through thick forests, and passes over or under hundreds of rivers and streams. The pipe is 4 feet in diameter, and up to 2 million barrels ( or 84 million gallons) of crude oil can be pumped through it daily. Resting on H-shaped steel racks called "bents," long sections of the pipeline follow a zigzag course high above the frozen earth. Other long sections drop out of sight beneath spongy or rocky ground and return to the surface later on. The pattern of the pipeline’s up-and-down route is determined by the often harsh demands of the arctic and subarctic climate, the tortuous lay of the land, and the varied compositions of soil, rock, or permafrost (permanently frozen ground). A little more than half of the pipeline is elevated above the ground. The remainder is buried anywhere from 3 to 12 feet, depending largely upon the type of terrain and the properties of the soil. One of the largest in the world, the pipeline cost approximately $8 billion and is by far the biggest and most expensive construction project ever undertaken by private industry. In fact, no single business could raise that much money, so 8 major oil companies formed a consortium in order to share the costs. Each company controlled oil rights to particular shares of land in the oil fields and paid into the pipeline-construction fund according to the size of its holdings. Today, despite enormous problems of climate, supply shortages, equipment breakdowns, labor disagreements, treacherous terrain, a certain amount of mismanagement, and even theft, the Alaska pipeline has been completed and is operating.
1. The passage primarily discusses the pipeline's _________.
2. The author mentions all of the following as important in determining the pipeline’s route EXCEPT the _________.
A.climate
B.lay of the land itself
C.local vegetation
D.kind of soil and rock
A B C D
C
[解析] 作者提到了所有决定输油管路线的因素除了——。 [试题分析] 本题是语义辨析题。 [详细解答] 文中有“The pattern of the pipeline's up-and-down route is determined by．．．climate，the tortuous lay of the land，and the varied composition of soil，rock or permafrost．”因此A、B、D三项均提及了，唯有C项并未提及。
3. The word 'particular' in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _________.
A.peculiar
B.specific
C.exceptional
D.equal
A B C D
B
[解析] 与第三段中“particular”一词意思最接近的词是——。 [试题分析] 本题是语义测试题。 [详细解答] 第三段提到“Each company controlled oil rights to particular shares of land．．．”这里的particular应译为“特定的”，这样，选项B就是正确的。
4. Which of the following determined what percentage of the construction costs each member of the consortium would pay?
A.How much oil field land each company owned.
B.How long each company had owned land in the oil fields.
C.How many people worked for each company.
D.How many oil wells were located on the company's land.
A B C D
A
[解析] 以下什么决定每家参与建设的公司应付的份额? [试题分析] 本题是语义判断题。 [详细解答] 第三段“Each company controlled．．．and paid into the pipeline-construction fund according to the size of its holdings．”即是根据拥有多少油田份额来决定的，因此选A项。
TEXT B
The City of the Future
What will city life be like in the future? Some people think that life in the cities is going to be horrible. They predict that cities will become more and more crowded. As the number of people increases, there will be less space for each per-son. This overcrowding will cause other problems——more crime, dirtier streets, and worse problems with traffic than we have now. How will people find enough drinking water, energy (such as gas and electricity), and housing? Because life will be hard, people who live in cities will worry more, and they may become sick. For these masons, some say that no-body will want to live in urban areas. How can we solve such problems as overcrowding, crime, and traffic? In some cities, thousands of people are already sleeping in the streets because there is so little suitable housing and because rents are so high. The crime rate isn't going down. Instead, it is increasing so fast that many people are afraid to go out at night. Traffic is also getting worse. More and more often, traffic jams are so bad that cars don't move at all for several blocks. These urban problems have been getting worse, not better, so many people see no hope for the future of the city. Los Angeles, California, for instance, has no subway system and the buses are slow. Instead, most commuters drive many miles from their homes to work. Many of these drivers spend several hours each day on busy freeways. New York, by contrast, has a mass transit system——buses, commuter trains, and subways. Because the public transportation is crowded and dirty, however, many people drive private cars, and the traffic jams are worse than in Los Angeles. On the other hand, some cities have clean, fast, and pleasant public transportation systems. In Paris, France, and Toronto, Canada, for example, anyone can use mass transit to move quickly from one part of the city to another. The disadvantages of any modern city are not unique to that city——that is, cities all over the world have to solve the problems of traffic jams, crime, housing, energy, drinking water, and overcrowding. Yet many cities have found answers to one or more of these difficulties. Some European cities, such as Stockholm, Sweden, or London, England, have planned communities that provide people with apartments, jobs, shopping centers, green space, entertainment, and transportation. Many U. S. cities are rebuilding their downtown areas. Urban planners can learn from one another. They can try solutions that have been successful in other parts of the world.
1. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A.Crime.
B.Anxiety.
C.Disease.
D.Education.
A B C D
D
[解析] 以下哪项文中没有提及? [试题分析] 本题是语义判断题。 [详细解答] 文中首先提及了crime，因此A项可排除；第一段中有“people who live in cities will worry more，and they may become sick．”即anxiety和disease，因此B、C两项均提及了，只有education未讨论，所以选D项。
2. A possible solution to traffic jams in Los Angeles might be _________.
A.decreasing the number of private cars
B.raising the speed limit for buses in the freeway
C.persuading people to live nearer to their work
D.building a subway system
A B C D
D
[解析] 解决洛杉矶交通阻塞问题的可能方法是—— [试题分析] 本题是语义推理题。 [详细解答] 文中有“Because the public transportation is crowded and dirty，however，many people drive private cars．”可见“减少私车数目”是舍本逐末的事，不解决根本问题，A项可排除；相类似的，“提高高速公路公汽限速也不能从根本上解决问题，而劝说人们就近择业”更是天方夜谭；文中有“Los Angles．．．has no subway system and the buses are slow．”可以推论，开辟地铁是解决问题的重要手段，因此可判断A项是解决问题的首要途径。
3. According to the passage, _________ has a better traffic condition.
A.New York
B.Paris
C.London
D.Stockholm
A B C D
B
[解析] 根据文章，哪座城市交通状况较好? [试题分析] 本题是特定信息查寻题。 [详细解答] 文中第四段提到：“On the other hand, some cities have clean，fast，and pleasant public trans-portation systems．In Paris，France，and Toronto，Canada．．．”所以巴黎交通状况较好。选B。
4. The writer's attitude toward the future city life is _________.
A.optimistic
B.pessimistic
C.objective
D.indifferent
A B C D
A
[解析] 作者对未来城市生活的态度如何? [试题分析] 本题是语义判断题。 [详细解答] 从作者的一些评论，如“Yet many cities have found answers．．．”；“Some European cities．．． have planned communities that provide people with…”及“They cant try solutions that have been successful in other parts of the world．”中可以判断出，作者的态度是乐观的，选A项。
TEXT C
Lighting Contrast
Since the brightness range that the co]or film will record is less than that of black-and-white film, the user of Kodachrome and Kodacolor Film should avoid subjects in which there are extreme highlights and deep shadows unless the pictures are taken for that effect. Good detail should not be expected in both the highlights and shadows when the lighting contrast is extreme. For pictures of people outdoors, the full lighting produced by sunlight coming over the shoulder of the Photographer to strike the subject from the front will give the most satisfactory effect. Subject positions that produce side lighting and back lighting may give effective Kodachrome pictures if the camera side of the subject is well illuminated by open sky, or if reflectors are used to light the shaded areas. Exposure recommendations for such lightings must be followed closely. A white cloth, sheet of cardboard, or a projection screen are good reflectors for building up light in shaded areas when taking close-ups of people and pictures of flowers and other small objects. Kodacolor pictures require even more care in adding light to shaded areas when the subject position does not afford full front lighting. For pleasing effects in nearly all outdoor photographs, it is necessary to give careful consideration to the position of the sun. Pictures of people made during the middle of the day with the sun directly overhead are not pleasing because of the heavy shadows under the eyes, nose, and chin of the subject. During midmorning and midafternoon with the sun lower in the sky, excellent modeling and shadow effects are easily obtained. In some locations during winter, the sun is low enough in the sky during midday to afford good lighting. The angle of the sun is also important in making scenic and architectural photographs since their success depends largely upon shadows and texture. Correctly exposed Kodachrome and Kodacolor pictures made under conditions of a hazy sun, with soft shadows cast, are usually quite good because of the soft lighting. Kodachrome pictures property exposed on dull days, while somewhat bluish, are pleasing, which is usually not the case in black-and-white photography.
1. For taking outdoor picture, the best effect will be obtained when _________.
A.the subject faces the sunlight
B.the photographer faces the sunlight
C.the subject is in the shadow
D.the photographer is in the shadow
A B C D
A
[解析] 拍摄户外照片时，什么情况能获得最佳 [试题分析] 本题是语义辨析题。 [详细解答] 文中第一段提到户外照相时，说“the full lighting produced by sunlight coming over the shoulder of the Photographer to strike the subject from the front will give the most satisfactory effect…”即拍摄对象面向阳光时，拍摄效果最好，选A项。
2. The best color pictures are taken when _________.
A.the sun is directly overhead
B.the range of highlights and shadows is large
C.the sun is lower in the sky
D.black and white film is used
A B C D
C
[解析] 最佳彩色照片的拍摄时机是。 [试题分析] 本题是特定信息查寻题。 [详细解答] 文中第二段提到“During midmorning and midafternoon with the sun lower in the sky, excellent modeling and shadow effects are easily obtained.”所以C项正确。
3. A hazy sun _________.
A.will produce soft lighting
B.will yield somewhat bluish pictures
C.needs to have the light supplemented by reflectors
D.will expose shaded areas fully
A B C D
A
[解析] 雾蒙蒙的太阳——。 [试题分析] 本题是语义测试题 [详细解答] 文中最后一段提到hazy sun，“with soft shadows cast，are usually quite good because of the soft lighting”也就是说，由于光线柔和，拍摄效果极佳，所以雾蒙蒙的太阳制造出柔和的光线，A项正确。
TEXT D
Auctions
Auctions are public sales of goods, conducted by an officially approved auctioneer. He asked the crowd assembled in the auction-room to make offers, or 'bids', for the various items on sale. He encourages buyers to bid higher figures, and finally names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods. This is called 'knocking down the goods. For the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a table at which he stands. This is often set on a raised platform called a rostrum. The ancient Romans probably invented sales by auction, and the English word comes from the Latin auction, meaning 'increase'. The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war; these sales were called sub hasta, meaning 'under the spear', a spear being stuck in the ground as a signal for a crowd to gather. In England in the eighteenth centuries, goods were often sold 'by the candle': a short candle was lit by the auctioneer, and bids could be made while it stayed alight. Practically all goods whose qualities vary are sold by auction. Among these are coffee, hides, skins, wool, tea, cocoa, furs, spices, fruit and vegetables and wines. Auction sales are also usual for land and property, antique furniture, pictures, rare books, old china and similar works of art. The auction-rooms at Christie’s and Sotheby’s in London and New York are world-famous. An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the articles to be sold and where and when they can be viewed by prospective buyers. If the advertisement cannot give full details, catalogues are printed, and each group of goods to be sold together, called a 'lot', is usually given a number. The auctioneer need not begin with Lot I and continue in numerical order, he may wait until he registers the fact that certain dealers are in the room and then produce the lots they are likely to be interested in. The auctioneer’s services are paid for in the form of a percentage of the price the goods are sold for. The auctioneer therefore has a direct interest in pushing up the bidding as high as possible.
1. Auctioned goods are sold _________.
A.for the highest price offered
B.only at fixed prices
C.at a price less than their true value
D.cheaply
A B C D
A
[解析] 拍卖的物品如何卖? [试题分析] 本题是语义测试题。 [详细解答] 关于拍卖的价格，文中第一段有“and finally names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods．．．”因此拍卖物是以标的最高价出售的，A项正确。
2. The end of the bidding is called "knocking down" because _________.
A.the auctioneer knocks the buyer clown
B.the auctioneer knocks the rostrum down
C.the goods are knocked down on to the table
D.the auctioneer bangs the table with a hammer
A B C D
D
[解析] 竞价最后叫做“knocking down”(一锤定音)因为——。 [试题分析] 本题是语义辨析题。 [详细解答] 文中第一段指出“For the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a table at which he stands．．．”即拍卖师用小锤击在桌子上，表示以此价卖出，所以D项正确。
3. A candle used to burn at auction sales _________.
A.because they took place at night
B.as a signal for the crowd to gather
C.to give light to the auctioneer
D.to limit the time when offers could be made
A B C D
D
[解析] 在拍卖现场点燃一支蜡烛——。 [试题分析]本题材是语义推理题。 [详细解答]文中第二段有“a short candle was lit by the autioneer，and bids could be made while it stayed alight”即在蜡烛燃烧过程中可以竞价，烛灭则拍卖结束，因此点蜡烛是用于控制拍卖时间的。
4. An auction catalogue gives prospective buyers _________.
A.the current market values of the goods
B.details of the goods to be sold
C.the order in which goods must be sold
D.free admission to the auction sale
A B C D
B
[解析] 拍卖品目录提供给未来的买主 [试题分析] 本题是语义判断题。 [详细解答] 关于拍卖品目录，文中最后一段提到：“If the advertisement cannot give full details，catalogues are printed．”即为了弥补广告不能详尽说明拍卖品，拍卖品目录才被印发，所以拍卖品目录是用来提供拍卖品的详细情况的。
TEXT E Historians may well look back on the 1980s in the United States as a time of rising affluence side by side with rising poverty. The growth in affluence is attributable to an increase in professional and technical jobs, along with more two career couples whose combined incomes provide a "comfortable living". Yet simultaneously, the nation's poverty rate rose between 1973 and 1983 from 11.1 percent of the population to 15.2, or by well over a third. Although the poverty rate declined somewhat after 1983, it was still held at 13.5 percent in 1987, comprising a population of 32.5 million Americans. The definition of poverty is a matter of debate. In 1795, a group of English magistrates decided that a minimum in-come should be "the cost of a gallon loaf of bread, multiplied by three, plus an allowance for each dependent". Today the Census Bureau defines the threshold of poverty in the United States as the minimum amount of money that families need to purchase a nutritionally adequate diet, assuming they use one third of their income for food. Using this definition, roughly half the American population was poor in the aftermath of the Great Depression of the 1930s. By 1950, the proportion of the poor had fallen to 30 percent and by 1964, to 20 percent. With the adoption of the Johnson administration's antipoverty pro-grams, the poverty rate dropped to 12 percent in 1969. But since then, it has stopped falling. Liberals contend that the poverty line is too low because it fails to take into account changes in the standard of living. Conservatives say that it is too high because the poor receive other forms of public assistance, including food stamps, public housing subsidies, and health care.
1. In which of the following years did the poor people constitute the largest proportion of the American population?
SECTION A COMPOSITION Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a composition of 200 words on the following topic:
1. The Importance of Water Resource You are to write in three parts. In the first part state what you think is the best way. In the second part, support your view with one or two reasons. In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.
The Importance of Water Resource Nearly 75 percent of the earth's surface is covered with water, but only a little part of fresh water can be used. With the population explosion and the rapid economic growth, a large part of the fresh water is consumed and polluted everyday. Hence, water shortage has become one of the most serious problems facing us today. Water plays an important role in human society. For one thing, water is essential to all living creatures. With-out water, there would be no life on this planet. For another, the development of civilization relies on water. That is to say that water is fundamental in irrigation, power plants, industries, and so on. Furthermore, water provides perfect ecosystem. In short, we cannot live without water. Keeping the importance of water in mind, we should take measures in order to protect the limited water re-source. First of all, everyone should be aware to cherish water resource. Second, the efficiency of water usage should be improved. For example, polluted or used water can be cleaned or reused. To sum up, man should reason-ably make good use of water.
SECTION B NOTE-WRITING Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation:
1. You have received a birthday' girl from a friend of yours. Write a note to acknowledge the gift and express your thanks. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.
Dear Linda, What a surprise it is to get the birthday gift from you. I' m very happy to have your wishes. And the gift is so pretty, that I really love it. In fact, I'm going to give a birthday party tomorrow evening at home. I'd like you to come. Thank you again for the gift and your good wishes. Yours, Jenny
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