Part Ⅰ Writing Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write A Letter of Suggestion to your university president. You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below in Chinese.
1. 建议学校教学注重学习方法的培养; 2.建议学校丰富学生的校园生活。
A Letter of Suggestion
Dear president, I am delighted to know that you are seeking our advice on university teaching and campus life. As a member of the university, I find it an obligation to air my views and an opportunity to improve the current conditions. As far as teaching is concerned, I suggest more emphasis should be laid on the cultivation and improvement of our study methods. It is important to learn how to study as well as what to study. With much more spare time than that of high school, we college students are often at a loss on what extra books to read and what topics to conduct research on. If the teachers give us guidance, we will make greater progress. As to campus life, I suggest more social activities be organized and more facilities be provided to make a colorful life in university. There could be clubs for us to attend such as singing society, theatre troupe, speech groups and so on. With diverse activities in campus, we'll grow up into enriched and capable adults fit for the future society. I really appreciate your precious time to read my suggestions and I am eager for any opportunity to make my contribution to our university. Sincerely Yours, Wang Fang
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-4, mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 5-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
How Blogs Work
Blogs appear on the news pretty often these days. For example, a reporter is tipped to a story by a blog, or a blog reports another angle on a story. Blogs show up in magazines a lot, too. But there is a good chance you have never seen a blog, also known as a weblog or experienced the blogosphere. What is a Blog? One of the things that is so amazing about blogs is their simplicity. Think about a "normal Web site. " It usually has a home page, with links to lots of sub-pages that have more detail. How Stuff Works is like this, with thousands of information pages all organized under a home page. A small business site follows the same format--it might have a home page and five or 10 sub-pages. Most traditional Web sites follow this format. If the site is small, it is sort of like an online brochure. If it is large, it is like an electronic encyclopedia. A typical Web site has a home page that links to sub-pages within the site. CNN. com, for example, is typical of this genre. The CNN site contains thousands of articles all organized into big categories. The categories and all the latest stories are accessed from the home page. But a blog is much simpler: A blog is normally a single page of entries. There may be archives of older entries, but the "main page" of a blog is all anyone really cares about. A blog is organized in reverse-chronological order, from most recent entry to least recent. A blog is normally public—the whole world can see it. The entries in a blog usually come from a single author. The entries in a blog are usually stream-of-consciousness. There is no particular order to them. Blog Basics A typical blog has a main page and nothing else. On the main page, there is a set of entries. Each entry is a little text blurb that may contain embedded links out to other sites, news stories, etc. When the author adds a new entry, it goes at the top, pushing all the older entries down. This blog also has a right sidebar that contains additional permanent links to other sites and stories. The author might update the sidebar weekly or monthly. Basically, a blog is a lot like an online journal or diary. The author can talk about anything and everything. Many blogs are full of interesting links that the author has found. Blogs often contain smiles or little snippets of information that are interesting to the author. Why Blog? Even though blogs can be completely free-form, many blogs have a focus. For example, if a blogger is interested in technology, the blogger might go to the Consumer Electronics Show and post entries of the things be/she sees there. If a blogger is interested in a certain disease, he/she might post every news article and every piece of research he/she finds on the disease. If a blogger is interested in economic issues, he/she might post links to articles that discuss the economy and then offer commentary on them. There are people who use their blogs simply as a scrapbook—a form of online memory. Whenever the author finds a 1ink or a snippet of information that he/she wants to remember, it gets posted in the blog. Even if no one else ever looks at it, it is still useful to the author because the blog is a searchable electronic medium that the author can access with a Web browser anywhere in the world. In other words, a blog can be anything the author wants it to be. The thing that all blogs have in conmmon is the reverse-chronological ordering of entries. The Blogosphere One thing about blogs that is so fascinating is the interlinking. There are miilions of people keeping active blogs, and bloggers often tend to look at other people's blogs. When they see something they like in their favorite blogs, bloggers will often link to and comment on it. All of this tight interlinking has created a phenomenon known as the blogosphere. The blogosphere consists of all the cross-linked blogs. Once you arrive at one blog in the blogosphere, it will often have links that connect you to many of the other sites in the blogosphere. You can bounce around in the blogosphere for years if you like that sort of thing. Many blog readers enter the blogosphere and find one (or a few) bloggers they really like. For example, you might have a blog you use to keep up to date on the latest technology, and another to keep up to date on the latest news. The blogger is acting a lot like a DJ on a radio show, choosing stories, links and/or snippets just like the DJ chooses songs. People who like what the blogger focuses on each day come back and read that blogger every day or so. Celebrities have also gotten into the act, creating blogs as a way to interact with their fans. Creating Your Own Blog Creating your own blog is now easy because there are Web-based toolsets that make the management of your blog incredibly simple--Blogger, Xanga, TypePad, and LiveJournal are just a few of the services available. You can create basic blogs for free, and most of these toolsets have additional features available for a price. There is also software ( such as Movable Type) to help you create and self-publish your blog with even more customization. Now you can add new entries to your blog. Basically, all you do is type in the entry and push the "post" button to post it. You can edit the entry as much as you like by clicking the "edit" button. When you are happy with the new entry, you push the "publish" button to make your new entry visible on your public blog. Hosting Your Blog You can host your blog in a community of blogs such as Blogger. Every time you publish your blog, Blogger uses FTP to send the latest HTML code for your blog to the chosen location. The incredible simplicity of blogging is one of the things that make blogging so popular. But if text isn't enough for you, many blogging toolsets also allow you to post photos, video and audio files. You can even post via your cell phone.
1. The origin of the word blog is the combination of web and log, which refers to a log on the web.
T
2. CNN.com is a typical example of the simplicity of the electronic space.
F
3. Blogs reflect the stream of consciousness of the author, so it is entirely free-form without any focus.
F
4. Basically, a blog is like a combination of various snippets of interesting information.
NG
5. A blog's simplicity is reflected in its publicity, its organization in reverse-chronological order, its single page of entries, and______.
its entry from a single author in stream of consciousness
6. enables bloggers to be connected to their favourite blogs which will facilitate their reading.
Interlinking
7. The Blogsphere consists of______.
cross-linked blogs
8. Some celebrities have created their own blogs so as to______.
interact with their fans
9. If you want to add new entries to your blog, you should type in the entry and______to make it visible on your blog.
push the publish button
10. The blogger who is not content with the mere text can use______to post photos, video and audio files.
many blogging toolsets
Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension
Section A Directions:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At theend of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
[解析] W: The government is doing something at last about sex discrimination in the workplace. Women deserve the same pay as men for the same work. M: Yeah. In the United States, women earn only 70 percent of what men do for the same job. It's a situation that has to be changed. Q: What does the man say about women?
2.
A.Gas station.
B.Police station.
C.Lost and found department.
D.Bar.
A B C D
A
[解析] W: This doesn't look at all familiar. We must be lost. We'd better get some directions. M: Let's pull in here. While I'm filling the tank, you ask about the directions and get me soft drink. Q: Where will the man and woman go for assistance?
3.
A.Seven o'clock.
B.Seven thirty.
C.Eight o'clock.
D.Eight thirty.
A B C D
B
[解析] W: I hate the way the trains run in this city. I've been waiting here for almost a half hour. M: It's almost eight o'clock, so we should be on our way soon. Q: When did the woman begin waiting for the train?
4.
A.She didn't go to work this morning.
B.She was injured and had to go to the hospital.
C.She talked with the boss in the morning.
D.The traffic delayed her.
A B C D
D
[解析] W: If the traffic wasn't held up for so long, I would have been to class by ten o'clock. M: It's too bad you didn't make it. The professor was looking for you all morning. Q: What happened to the woman?
5.
A.Her sister works at the bakery.
B.The man is no judge of cakes.
C.She's surprised the man thinks she can cook.
D.Her sister bakes delicious cakes.
A B C D
C
[解析] M: This cake's delicious! Did you make it yourself? W: You must be kidding! My sister got it from the bakery. Q: What does the woman mean?
A.The woman is satisfied with the man's apologies.
B.The woman forgives the man's negligence.
C.The woman is not at all pleased with the man's apologies.
D.The woman doesn't need the man's apologies.
A B C D
C
[解析] M: I'm terribly sorry for my negligence. W: Apologies may count if they can get the losses back. Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
7.
A.Jane should come with her instead.
B.She will go along with Jane's idea.
C.She is the decision-maker.
D.She will find what Jane prefers.
A B C D
B
[解析] M: What shall we do this week? Jane suggested going to a play. W: Whatever she decides is fine with me. Q: What does the woman mean?
8.
A.Not hanging the poster.
B.Peeling off the wallpaper:
C.Using tape for the poster.
D.Not hiding the damage.
A B C D
C
[解析] M: I am not sure what the best way is to hang this poster without damaging the wall. W: Couldn't you use tape? It peels off easily. Q: What does the woman suggest?
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
[解析] 19-22 M: Hello, can I come in? W: Oh yes, come in. How can I help you? M: I was looking for the Economics office. I've been all over the Arts Faculty building looking for it, but I could only find the School of Accounting and Economic History. Is this the right place? W: Yes, this is the School of Economics. M: Oh good. Urn, I'm a new student and I was wondering if someone could give me some information. W: Well I might be able to help. I lecture on that program. What do you need to .know? M: Quite a few things, actually. Firstly, how many lectures a week do I have to attend? W: Ah, well, the Economics course is a double unit so there are two lectures a week and one tutorial. The lectures are scheduled for Tuesday and Thursday. M: What time? W: Let me see... You know this information is all in the handout which you should have received yesterday at'the orientation meeting. M: Oh, was there a meeting yesterday? I didn't know about that.., no one mentioned... W: Yest, there was, but never mind. Now lectures are at four in the afternoon. M: Four's a bit late. I've got a part time job that starts at four thirty. W: Well, you can't be in two places at once, can you? And attendance at lectures is necessary. We expect at least 90% attendance at this university you know. M: 90% ! That's high. Do they enforce that rule? W: Yes, we do. We're pretty strict about it actually. M: And what times have been set down for the tutorials? Do you have that information? W: That's very well attended course so there's a number of tutorial times. Monday, Wednesday and Friday, all at 9 o'clock. Yours will be allocated at the first lecture. M: Can't I choose the time? W: Maybe, maybe not. You'll have to talk to the lecturer on the course. Dr. Roberts is hisname. M: Oh, OK. Thanks.
19. How can the students get the information about lectures?
10.
A.At least 90% attendance is expected.
B.It is related to the students' grades.
C.It is not important.
D.The university has no special rule about it.
A B C D
A
[解析] What does the woman say about the attendance?
11.
A.Yes, they can choose the time themselves.
B.No, they can't.
C.Yes, only if they get the department head's permission.
D.Not sure.
A B C D
D
[解析] Can the students choose the time of the tutorial?
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
[解析] 22-25 W: I think the worst food I ever had was in France. M: Really? That's odd. I thought the French were supposed to be really good cooks. W: Yes, that's right. ! suppose it's like anywhere else though really. You know, some places are good, some are bad. Anyway, this was all our own fault really. M: Oh, how do you mean? W: Well, it was the first time l'd been to France—years ago this was when I was at school. I was in a coach party, actually, with some people—friends of my parents. My father's a teacher you know, and these were all people from the school—they'd hired this coach to take them to Switzerland. M: A sort of school trip. W: That's right. Anyway we'd crossed the Channel at night and we set off through France and breakfast time arrived and the coach driver had arranged for us to stop at this little cafe. We were absolutely exhausted most of us--well, we'd been up most of the night being sea-sick. Anyway, there we all were, tried and hungry and then we found out, the great discovery. M: What was that? W: The breakfast the coachdriver had ordered was bacon and eggs. M: Oh fantastic! English tourists, My God! The real English breakfast. W: Yes, anyway we didn't know any better—so we had it, and ugh...! M: What was it like? I think it's pretty disgusting anyway, I must say. W: Oh it was incredible. They just got a bowl and put some fat in it, I think. And they put some bacon in the fat, broke an egg over the top and put the whole lot in the oven for about ten minutes. M: In the oven? You're joking. You can't cook bacon and eggs in the oven!.~ W: Well, they must have done. It was hot, but it wasn't cooked. There was just this egg floating about in gallons of fat and raw bacon. Delicious! M: Did you actually eat it? W: No, nobody did. The next night we were all given another foreign speciality. M: What was that? W: Snails—that really finished them off. Lovely holiday that was!
22. Where did the coach party want to go?
13.
A.They were too excited to sleep last night.
B.They could find no place to sleep last night.
C.They had not got their breakfast yet.
D.They'd been up most of the night being seasick.
A B C D
D
[解析] Why were most tourists exhausted when they arrived in France the next morning?
14.
A.Bacon and eggs.
B.Fat and bacon.
C.Fish and chips.
D.Snails.
A B C D
A
[解析] What breakfast did the coachdriver order for them?
15.
A.It was fantastic.
B.It was eatable.
C.It was unpalatable.
D.It was distinct.
A B C D
C
[解析] How did the tourists like the food?
Section B Directions:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
[解析] 26-28 Sports can help you keep fit and get in touch with nature. However, whether you are on the mountains, in the waves, or on the grassland, you should be aware that your sport of choice might have great influence on the environment. Some sports are resource-hungry. Golf, as you may know, eats up not only large areas of countryside, but also tons of water. Besides, all sorts of chemicals and huge amounts of energy are used to keep its courses in good condition. This causes major environmental effects. There are many environment-friendly sports. Power walking is one of them that you could take up today. You don't need any speciat equipment except a good pair of shoes; and you don't have to worry about resources and your purse. Simple and free, power walking can also keep you fit. If you walk regularly, it will be good for your heart and bones. Experts say that 20 minutes of power walking daily can make you feel less anxious, sleep Well and have better weight control. Whatever sport you take up, you can make it greener by using environment-friendly equipment and buying products made from recycled materials. But the final goal should be "green gyms" Members of green gyms play sports outdoors, in the countryside or other open spaces. There is no special requirement for you to start your membership. And best of all, it's free.
26. According to the passage, which of the following is the author most probably in favor of?
2.
A.It is popular in Portugal and Spain.
B.It causes water shortages around the world.
C.It pollutes the earth with chemicals and wastes.
D.It needs water and electricity to keep its courses green.
A B C D
D
[解析] 27. Which of the following is true about golf as mentioned in the passage?
3.
A.It is an outdoor sport.
B.It improves our health.
C.It uses fewer resources.
D.It is recommended by experts.
A B C D
C
[解析] 28. According to the passage, why is the author using power walking as an example?
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
[解析] 29-31 We already know the fastest, least expensive way to slow climate change: use less energy. With a little effort, and not much money, most of us could reduce our energy diets by 25 percent or more to do the Earth a favor while helping our wallets. Not long ago, my wife and I tried a new diet—not to lose a little weight but to answer an annoying question about climate change. Scientists have reported recently that the world is heating up even faster, and that the consequences could be severe if we don't keep reducing emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. We decided to try an experiment. For one month we recorded our personal emissions of CO2, We wanted to see how much we could cut back, so we went on a strict diet. The average us household produces about 150 pounds of CO2 a day by doing common things like turning on air- conditioning or driving cars. That's more than twice the European average and almost five times the global average, mostly because Americans drive more and have bigger houses. But how much should we try to reduce? For an answer, I checked with Tim Flannery, author of the book on climate change. He had challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emissions to keep the world from reaching extremely important tipping points. Good advice. I'd opened our bedroom windows to let in the wind. We'd gotten so used to keeping our air-conditioning going around the clock. I'd almost forgotten the windows even opened. It's time for us to change our habits if necessary.
29. What is the fastest and the easiest way to combat climate change?
5.
A.To take special kinds of food.
B.To lose weight.
C.To respond to climate change.
D.To improve their health.
A B C D
C
[解析] Why did the author and his wife try a new diet?
6.
A.It is necessary to keep the air-conditioning on all the time.
B.It seems possible for every household to cut emissions of CO2.
C.The average US household produces about 3,000 pounds of CO2 a month.
D.The average European household produces about 1,000 pounds of CO2 a month.
A B C D
B
[解析] According to the passage, which of the following is true?
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
[解析] 32-35 A recent study, while showing a positive attitude toward science, also suggests a widespread worry that it may be out of control. This idea is dangerous. Science can be a force for evil as well as for good. The decisions we make will determine the influenced by businesses that we are likely to believe whatever decisions will make little difference. And, rather than fighting for the best possible policies, we may step back and do nothing. Some people go even further. They say that despite the moral and legal objections, whatever is scientifically possible will be done somewhere, sometime. They believe that science will get out of control in the end. This belief is dangerous too, because it causes a sense of hopelessness and discourages them from making efforts to build a safer world. In our interconnected world, the lack of agreement can lead to the failure to control the use of science. Without a common understanding, the challenges of "controlling" science will be really tough. Take human cloning for example. Despite the general agreement among scientists on its possible impact on traditional moral values, some countries still ge ahead with the research and development of its techniques. The outcomes are hard to predict. Therefore, discussions on how science is applied should be extended far beyond scientific societies. Only through the joint efforts of people can we be fully safe against the misuse of science and can science best serve mankind.
32. What can we conclude from the recent study?
8.
A.The development of science will hopelessly slow down.
B.Businesses will have even greater influence on science.
C.The public will lose faith in bringing about a bright future.
D.People will work more actively to put science under control.
A B C D
C
[解析] According to the passage, what will happen if we hold that science is getting beyond control?
9.
A.Scientists have fails to predict the outcomes.
B.The ties between different areas need strengthening.
C.United efforts are necessary for the development of science.
D.People need to work together to prevent the bad use of science.
A B C D
D
[解析] Why is the discussion should reach beyond scientific societies?
10.
A.Science and its applications bring us many dangers.
B.The development of science mostly lies in people's attitudes.
C.Mankind can largely take control of science with their efforts.
D.The future of science will be influenced by the dangerous ideas.
A B C D
B
[解析] What is the main idea of the passage?
Section C Directions:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen care Nlly for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds. When this short amount of time 1 , however, the numbers are erased from the memory. How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way to the short term memory does so via the sensory 2 area. The brain has a filter which only allows 3 that is of immediate interest to pass on to the STM, also known as the working memory. There is much debate about the capacity and 4 of the short term memory. The most accepted theory comes from George A. Miller, a psychologist who suggested that humans can remember 5 seven chunks of information. A chunk is defined as a meaningful unit of information. Modem theorists suggest that one can increase the capacity of the short term memory by chunking, or 6 similar information together. By organizing information, one can optimize the STM, and improve the chances of a memory being passed on to long term storage. When making a 7 effort to memorize something, such as information for an exam. By repeating something over and over again, one is able to keep a memory alive. Unfortunately, this type of memory 8 only succeeds if there are no interruptions. 9 . When a pen and paper are not handy, people often attempt to remember a phone number by repeating it aloud. If the doorbell tings or the dog barks to come in before a person has the opportunity to make a phone call, he will likely forget the number instantly. Therefore, 10 A better way is to practice "elaborate rehearsal". This involves assigning semantic meaning to a piece of information so that it can be filed along with other pre-existing long term memories. Encoding information semantically also makes it more retrievable. Retrieving information can be done by recognition or recall. 11 ; however, if a memory seems to be forgotten, it may eventually be retrieved by prompting.
[解析] 36-46 Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds. When this short amount of time (36) elapses, however, the numbers are erased from the memory. How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way to the short term memory does so via the sensory (37) storage area. The brain has a filter which only allows (38) stimuli that is of immediate interest to pass on to the STM, also known as the working memory. There is much debate about the capacity and (39) duration of the short term memory. The most accepted theory comes from George A. Miller, a psychologist who suggested that humans can remember (40) approximately seven chunks of information. A chunk is defined as a meaningful unit of information. Modern theorists suggest that one can increase the capacity of the short term memory by chunking, or (41) classifying similar information together. By organizing information, one can optimize the STM, and improve the chances of a memory being passed on to long term storage. When making a (42) conscious effort to memorize something, such as information for an exam. By repeating something over and over again, one is able to keep a memory alive. Unfortunately, this type of memory (43) maintenance only succeeds if there are no interruptions. (44) As soon as a person stops rehearsing the information, it has the tendency to disappear. When a pen and paper are not handy, people often attempt to remember a phone number by repeating it aloud. If the doorbell rings or the dog barks to come in before a person has the opportunity to make a phone call, he will likely forget the number instantly. Therefore, (45) rote rehearsal is not an efficient way to pass information from the short term to long term memory. A better way is to practice "elaborate rehearsal". This involves assigning semantic meaning to a piece of information so that it can be filed along with other pre-existing long term memories. Encoding information semantically also makes it more retrievable. Retrieving information can be done by recognition or recall. (46) Humans can easily recall memories that are stored in the long term memory and used often; however, if a memory seems to be forgotten, it may eventually be retrieved by prompting.
2.
storage
3.
stimuli
4.
duration
5.
approximately
6.
classifying
7.
conscious
8.
maintenance
9.
As soon as a person stops rehearsing the information, it has the tendency to disappear.
10.
rote rehearsal is not an efficient way to pass information from the short term to long term memory.
11.
Humans can easily recall memories that are stored in the long term memory and used often
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Section A Directions:In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write our answers on Answer Sheet 2. Americans today don't place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education—not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren't difficult to find. "Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual," says education writer Diane Ravitch. "Schools could be a counterbalance". He traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding that they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits. But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. "Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege," writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter. From the beginning of our history, says he, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book. Ralph Waldo Emerson thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children:" We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing. " Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilized—going to school and learning to read—so he can preserve his innate goodness. Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes and imagines. School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our country's educational system is in the grips of people who "joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise. "
1. ______is prevalent in modern schools, which reflect our depreciation of intellect.
Anti-intellectualism
2. Schools should be a ______to people's general dislike of intellect, according to Ravitch.
counterbalance
3. Why is intellectual education is important in schools?
Because lack of it leaves children vulnerable to exploitation and control and unable to fully participate in our democracy.
4. Huckleberry Finn is a prototype of the trend against intellect as he is innately good though ______without
much school education
5. What is the difference between intellect and intelligence?
Intellect is the reasoning ability, which criticizes, imagines, ponders and theorizes while intelligence is natural, which is to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust.
Section B Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Of all the components of a good night's sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and rears, by the late 1970s. neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just "mental noise" the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is "off-line" And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better, "It's your dream," says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago's Medical Center. "If you don't like it, change it. " Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep—when most vivid dreams occur—as it is when fully awake, says Dr. Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved, the limbic system (the "emotional brain")is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. "We wake up from dreams happy of depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day," says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement. The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright's clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don't always think about the emotional significance of the day's events—until, it appears, we begin to dream. And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead, the next time is occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep. At the end of the day, there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping of "we wake you in a panic," Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people's anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep-or rather dream-on it and you'll feel better in the morning.
1. Researchers have come to believe that dreams______.
A.can be modified in their courses
B.are susceptible to emotional changes
C.reflect our innermost desires and fears
D.are a random outcome of neural repairs
A B C D
A
2. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show______.
A.its function in our dreams
B.the mechanism of REM sleep
C.the relation of dreams to emotions
D.its difference from the prefrontal cortex
A B C D
C
3. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to______.
A.aggravate in our unconscious mind
B.develop into happy dreams
C.persist till the time we fall asleep
D.show up in dreams early at night
A B C D
D
4. Cartwright seems to suggest that______.
A.waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams
B.visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under con troll
C.dreams should be left to their natural progression
D.dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious
A B C D
D
5. What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have had dreams?
A.Lead your life as usual.
B.Seek professional help.
C.Exercise conscious control.
D.Avoid anxiety in the daytime.
A B C D
A
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional "paid" media—such as television commercials and print advertisements—still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create "owned" media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media. Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media, such marketers act as the initiator for users' responses. But in some cases, one marketer's owned media become another marketer's paid media—for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend, which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created Baby Center, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies' marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned. The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them. If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the company's response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.
6. Consumers may create "earned" media when they are______.
A.obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites
B.inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them
C.eager to help their friends promote quality products
D.enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products
A B C D
D
7. According to Paragraph 2, sold media feature______.
A.a safe business environment
B.random competition
C.strong user traffic
D.flexibility in organization
A B C D
C
8. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media______.
A.invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers
B.can be used to produce negative effects in marketing
C.may be responsible for fiercer competition
D.deserve all the negative comments about them
A B C D
B
9. Toyota Motor's experience is cited as an example of______.
A.responding effectively to hijacked media
B.persuading customers into boycotting products
C.cooperating with supportive consumers
D.taking advantage of hijacked media
A B C D
A
10. Which of the following is the text mainly about?
A.Alternatives to conventional paid media.
B.Conflict between hijacked and earned media.
C.Dominance of hijacked media.
D.Popularity of owned media.
A B C D
A
Part Ⅴ Cloze Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank, there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. The increase in international business and in foreign investment has created a need for executives with knowledge of foreign languages and skills in cross-cultural communication. Americans, 1 , have not been well trained in either area and, consequently, have not enjoyed the same level of 2 in negotiation in an international arena as have their foreign 3 Negotiating is the 4 of communicating back and 5 for the purpose of reaching an agreement. It 6 persuasion and compromise, but in order to 7 in either one, the negotiators must understand the ways in 8 people are persuaded and how compromise is 9 within the culture of the negotiation. In many international business negotiations abroad, Americans are perceived as 10 and impersonal. It often appears to the foreign negotiator that the American represents a large multi-million-dollarcorporation that can afford to pay the price without 11 further. The American negotiator's role becomes 12 of an impersonal purveyor of information and cash. In 13 of American negotiators abroad, several traits have been identified that may 14 to confirm this stereotypical 15 , while undermining the negotiator's position. Two traits in 16 that cause cross-cultural misunderstanding are directness and impatience 17 the part of the American negotiator. Furthermore, American negotiators often insist on realizing short-term goals. Foreign negotiators, on the other hand, may value the relationship established between negotiators and may be 18 to invest time in it for long-term benefits. In order to 19 the relationship, they may opt for 20 interactions without regard for the time involved in getting to know the other negotiator.
1.
A.however
B.accordingly
C.furthermore
D.therefore
A B C D
A
2.
A.fulfilment
B.success
C.management
D.privilege
A B C D
B
3.
A.enemies
B.counterparts
C.cooperators
D.executives
A B C D
B
4.
A.procedure
B.progress
C.process
D.proceedings
A B C D
C
5.
A.forward
B.forth
C.before
D.towards
A B C D
B
6.
A.includes
B.concludes
C.comprises
D.involves
A B C D
D
7.
A.participate
B.indulge
C.attend
D.blend
A B C D
A
8.
A.that
B.what
C.which
D.case
A B C D
C
9.
A.arrived
B.gained
C.facilitated
D.reached
A B C D
D
10.
A.wealthy
B.sensitive
C.poor
D.rude
A B C D
A
11.
A.claiming
B.declaring
C.exchanging
D.bargaining
A B C D
D
12.
A.what
B.that
C.it
D.those
A B C D
B
13.
A.studies
B.discussions
C.researches
D.seminars
A B C D
A
14.
A.attach
B.compare
C.accord
D.serve
A B C D
D
15.
A.concept
B.perception
C.realization
D.notion
A B C D
B
16.
A.special
B.particular
C.essential
D.private
A B C D
B
17.
A.on
B.in
C.at
D.with
A B C D
A
18.
A.eager
B.willing
C.reluctant
D.yielding
A B C D
B
19.
A.strength
B.strain
C.tighten
D.solidify
A B C D
D
20.
A.direct
B.indirect
C.ineffective
D.efficient
A B C D
B
Part Ⅵ Translation Directions:Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.
1. ______(必须立即采取有效措施) to eliminate industrial pollution.
Effective measures should be take
2. ______(许多天都没有找到问题的解决方法) , he was under immense strain.
Unable to find the solution to the problem for many days
3. China will launch effective projects______(更好地保护国家的自然遗产).
to better conserve the country's natural heritage
4. Only after the implementation of open policy______(浦东发生可巨大的变化).
has tremendous changes taken place in Pudong
5. I searched everywhere but could not find my key;______(我一定把它忘在哪了).