In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything once only. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
SECTION A TALK Questions 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section. At the end of the talk you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the talk.
2. We can infer from the talk that harmonious work relations may have a direct impact on your
A.promotion.
B.colleagues.
C.management.
D.union.
A B C D
A
3. Supposing you were working in a small firm, which of the following would you do when you had some grievances?
A.Request a formal special meeting with the boss.
B.Draft a formal agenda for a special meeting.
C.Contact a consultative committee first.
D.Ask to see the boss for a talk immediately.
A B C D
D
4. According to the talk, the union plays the following roles EXCEPT
A.mediation.
B.arbitration.
C.negotiation.
D.representation.
A B C D
B
5. Which topic is NOT covered in the talk?
A.Role of the union.
B.Work relations.
C.Company structure.
D.Office layout.
A B C D
C
[解析] 1-5 When we talk about modern company, we usually have managers, employees, products, research development or marketing in mind. However, in reality, a company is not just made up of these elements. There are other things that make a company what it is. This morning, we're going to look at some other aspects of a company. Let's first take a look at the offices. The physical surroundings of most modern companies, especially offices, are becoming more and more similar. Although there are some differences from country to country, one office looks much like another. Office furniture and equipment tend to be similar: desks, chairs, filing cabinets, computers, etc. What is important about offices, you may ask? Well, the atmosphere of the work place can often influence the effectiveness of a company's employees. Modern offices are more spacious and better lit, heated, ventilated and air-conditioned than in the past. But of course this is a feature that varies from firm to firm and may be dependent on the size of the company and its corporate philosophy. In some companies, the employees work in large open plain offices without walls between the departments. In others, the staff members work more privately in individual offices. No matter what the office layout is like, modern companies pay special attention to the physical surroundings in order to create an atmosphere conducive to higher working efficiency. Another related point when talking about offices is the work relations with other people at the place of work. They include relationships with fellow employees, workers or colleagues. A great part of work or job satisfaction, some people say the major portion, comes from getting on with others' work. Work relations will also include those between management and employees. These relations are not always straightforward, particularly as the management's assessment of how your performing can be crucial to your future career. Now I'd like to say a bit more about the relations between management and employees. There are also matters about which employees want to talk to the management. In small businesses, the boss will probably work alongside his or her workers. Anything that needs to be sought out will be done face to face as soon the problem arises. There will be no formal meetings or procedures. But the larger the business, the less direct contact there will be between employees and management. Special meetings have to be held and procedures set up to say when, where, how and in what circumstances the employees can talk to the management. Some companies have specially organized consultative committees for this purpose. In many countries of the world today, particularly in large firms, employees join the trade union and ask the union to represent them to the management. Through the union, all categories of employees can pass on the complaints they have and try to get things changed. The process through which unions negotiate with the management on behalf of their members is called collective bargaining. Instead of each employee trying to bargain alone with the company, the employees join together and collectively put forward their views. Occasionally, the firm will refuse to recognize the right of the union to negotiate for its members and the dispute over union recognition will arise. Where there is disagreement, bargaining or negotiation will take place. A compromise agreement may be reached. Where this is not possible, the sides can go to arbitration and bring in a third party from outside to say what they think should happen. However, sometimes, one of the sides decides to take industrial action. The management can lock out the employees or prevent them from coming to work. It used to be quite common, but it's rarely used today. The main courses of action open to a trade union are strike, a ban on working overtime, working to rule, that is, when employees work according to the company's rule book. Go-slows, which means the employees may spend more time doing the same job and picketing, which means the employees stand outside the entrance to the business location, holding up signs to show that they're in conflict with the management. Every country has its own tradition of industrial relations, so it's difficult to generalize. In some businesses, unions are not welcomed by the management, but in others, the unions play an important role both in the everyday working relations of individual companies and also in the social and political life of the country.
SECTION B INTERVIEW Questions 6 to 10 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview.
1. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about David's personal background?
A.He had excellent academic records at school and university.
B.He was once on a PhD programme at Yale University.
C.He received professional training in acting.
D.He came from a single-parent family.
A B C D
C
2. David is inclined to believe in
A.aliens.
B.UFOs.
C.the TV character.
D.government conspiracies.
A B C D
A
3. David thinks he is fit for the TV role because of his
A.professional training.
B.personality.
C.life experience.
D.appearance.
A B C D
B
4. From the interview, we know that at present David feels
A.a sense of frustration.
B.haunted by the unknown things.
C.confident but moody.
D.successful yet unsatisfied.
A B C D
D
5. How does David feel about the divorce of his parents?
A.He feels a sense of anger.
B.He has a sense of sadness.
C.It helped him grow up.
D.It left no effect on him.
A B C D
C
[解析] 6-10 Hostess. If you're going to create a TV show that deals week after week with things that areunbelievable, you need an actor who can play a believer, you know, a person who tends to believe everything. Tonight, in our show, we have David Duchovny , who is stared in the popular TV series The X-Files. Thanks to his brilliant performance in the TV series, David has become one of the best-known figures in the country. H: Good evening, David. I'm so glad to have you here. D: It's my pleasure. Thanks for inviting me on the show. H: David, have you often been on the radio shows? D: Oh yes, quite often. To be frank, I love to be on the show. H: Why? D: You know, I want to know what people think about the TV series and about me, my acting, etc. H: Ok, David, let's first talk about the character you played in The X-Files. The character, whose name is Mulder, is supposed to be a believer. He deals with those unbelievable,weird, often bizarre things and events. He must be, I mean, Mulder, someone who really believes in the things he meets in order to keep on probing into those mysteries. D: That's true. Remember those words said by Mulder? "What is so hard to believe? Whose intensity makes even the most skeptical viewer believe the paranormal and outrageous government conspiracies, with every reason to believe that life in the persistent survey is driving us out of our terrestrial field, etc. etc?" H: Fabulous. I guess, David, your contribution to the hit series is credibility. Now, let's talk about your personal experience. From what I have read, I know that starting from your hildhood, you're always a smart boy — went to the best private schools, accepted to most of the IVY colleges, not bad for a low-or middle-class kid from a broken family on New York's low eastside. So much to my surprise, when you, who were on your way to a doctor to Yale to fulfill acting classes and get beaten by the buck... D: You bet, my mother was really surprised when I decided to give up all that in order to become an actor. H: Sure, but talking about Mulder, the believer in The X-Files, what about you, David? Do you believe it all in real life, the aliens, people from outer space, you know, UFOs, government conspiracies, all the things that the TV series deal with? D: Well, government conspiracies are, I think, a little far-fetched because, I mean, it's very hard for me to keep a secret with a friend of mine. And you're going to tell me the entire government is going to come together and hide the aliens from us? I found that hard to believe. In terms of aliens, I think that the arts are, there must be... H: But you could believe in aliens? D: Oh yeah. H: The character you played in The X-Files, Fox Mulder is so dark and moody. Are you dark and moody in life? D: I think so. I think what they wanted was somebody who could be this hearted, driven person, but not behave in that way. And therefore be hearted and driven, but also appear to be normal and not crazy at the same time. And I think that I could, I can, I cannot for that. H: What haunts you now? What drives you now? D: What drives me is failure and success and all those things, so... H: Where are you now? Are you haunted and driven? Failed or successful? Which? D: Yeah, both. H: All of the above? D: I always feel like a failure. H: Do you mean now you feel like a failure? D: Yeah, I mean sometimes, you know, like, I come back to New York, so it's like, everything is different, so I lie in bed and think — two years ago, three years ago, very different; maybe I'm doing well — but then I think, you know, there're just so many of other things that I want to do and... H: Your father and mother divorced when you were 11. Does that have effect on your life today that you recognize? D: Well, yeah. I think that the only way to think of it is that, you know, people are saying your wound is your gold. You know, wherever you hurt, that's where you become stronger. So that's what it's really about. H: Ok. it's time for a short break. We'll be back in a minute, David Duchovny in The X-Files. Don't go away.
SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST
Question 11 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item , you will be given 15 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.
[解析] News Item One (For Question 11) The Bush Administration is warning that continuing Mid-east violence threatens to overwhelm US efforts to revive Israeli-Palestinian peace talks, using the recommendations of the Mitchell Commission to bring the two sides together. Administration officials are openly worried that the violence and particularly the car bomb attacks aimed at Israeli civilians could undermine what they see as a positive opening toward renewed peace talks, presented by the Michael report. The US' appeal came in the wake of the bomb blast Wednesday in the Israeli coastal town at Netanya that injured several Israelis. Responsibility for the bombing was claimed by the Palestinian group Islamic Jihad. At the State Department, spokesman, Philip Reeker, said there can be no ustification for terrorism and targeting at civilians. And he urged the Palestinian authority to do all they can to put an end to such incidents, which he said, threaten to overtake the latest peace efforts.
Question 12 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.
[解析] News Item Two (For Question 12) Voters in Peru headed to the post today to cast their ballot in a runoff presidential election that many hope will mark the end of the nation's political crisis. Opinion polls last week showed the moderate candidate Alejandro Toledo with a narrow lead over the left-leaning former president Alan Garcia. Both Candidates have campaigned on similar publicity platforms. Meanwhile, pre-lection surveys indicate that up to 25% of voters in Peru plan to spoil or leave their ballot blank to show their dissatisfaction with both candidates.
Questions 13 to 15 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the questions. Now listen to the news.
1. According to the UN Human Development Report, which is the best place for women in the world?
A.Canada.
B.The US.
C.Australia.
D.Scandinavia.
A B C D
D
2. _______ is in the 12th place in overall ranking.
A.Britain
B.France
C.Finland
D.Switzerland
A B C D
B
3. According to the UN report, the least developed country is
A.Ethiopia.
B.Mali.
C.Sierra Leon.
D.Central African Republic.
A B C D
C
[解析] News Item Three (for Questions 13—15) Canada, for the 7th consecutive year, runs the best place to live in the world. But if you're a woman, you are better-off in Scandinavia, says the UN human development report 2000 released yesterday. Norway is in 2nd place of all the ranking, followed by the US, Australia, Iceland, Sweden, Belgium, the Netherlands, Japan and Britain. Finland is in 11th place, followed by France, Switzerland, Germany, Denmark, Austria, Luxembourg, Ireland, Italy and New Zealand. At the other end of the scale, the 10 least developed countries that provide the fewest services to their people, from the bottom up, are war- devastated Sierra Leon, Niger, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Burundi, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Chad, Central African Republic, and Mali.
SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLING In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a 15-minute gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini-lecture. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Fill in each of the gaps with ONE word. You may refer to your notes. Make sure the word you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. Marslow's Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow has developed a famous theory of human needs, which can be arranged in order of importance. Physiological needs: the most 1 ones for survival. They include such needs as food, water, etc. And there is usually one way to satisfy these needs. 2 needs: needs fora. physical security;b. 3 security. The former means no illness or injury, while the latter is concerned with freedom from 4 , misfortunes, etc. These needs can be met through a variety of means, e. g. job security, 5 plans, and safe working conditions. Social needs: human requirements fora. love and affection;b. a sense of belonging. There are two ways to satisfy these needs:a. formation of relationships at workplace;b. formation of relationships outside workplace. Esteem needs:a. self-esteem, i. e. one's sense of achievement;b. esteem of others, i.e. others' respect as a result of one's 6 These needs can be fulfilled by achievement, promotion, honours, etc. Self-realization needs: need to realize one's potential. Ways to realize these needs are individually 7 Features of the hierarchy of needs:a. Social, esteem and self-realization needs are exclusively 8 need.b. Needs are satisfied in a fixed order from the bottom u p.c. 9 for needs comes from the lowest un-met level,d. Different levels of needs may 10 when they come into play.
[解析] 1-10 Good morning, everybody. Today's lecture is about Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs. This seems like a psychological topic. Actually it is something psychological. Abraham Maslow is a sychologist and he is especially known for his theory of human needs. Ok, first of all, what is a need? Here we can simply define it as a personal requirement. Maslow believes that humans are工团wanting beings who seek to fulfil a variety of needs. According to his theory, these needs can be arranged in an order according to their importance. It is this order that has become known as Maslow's hierarchy of needs. In this hierarchy of needs, at the most basic level are physiological needs. Fundamentally humans are just one species of animal. We need to keep ourselves alive. Physiological needs are what we require for survival. These needs include food and water, shelter and sleep. At this level, for us humans, Maslow also includes the need for clothing. How are these needs usually satisfied It is mainly through adequate wages. Then what is the next level of needs? At the next level are safety needs, the things we require for physical and emotional security. Physical security is easy to understand. Everybody needs to keep his body safe from injury, illness, etc. Then, what is emotional security? Well, that may be the point in this hierarchy of needs where humans begin to differ from other animals. We're thinking animals. We have worries — what if I lost my job? What if I was struck down by a severe disease? Besides physical security, we need to think we are safe from misfortunes, both now and in the foreseeable future. How can these needs be met then? According to Maslow, safety needs may be satisfied through job security, health insurance, pension plans and safe working conditions. After this stage come the levels of needs that are particular to human beings. The immediately following levels are the social needs. Under this category, Maslow puts our requirements for love and affection and the sense of belonging. We need to be loved, we need to belong to a group, not just the family, in which we can share with others a common interest. In Maslow's view, these needs can be satisfied through the working environment and some informal organizations. Certainly we also need social relationships beyond the work place, for example, with family and friends. Next, the level of esteem needs. What are esteem needs then? They include both the need of self-esteem and the need of esteem of others. Self-esteem is a sense of our own achievements and worth. We need to believe that we're successful, we're no worse, if no better, than others. The esteem of others is the respect and recognition we gain from other people, either through our work or our activities in other social groups. The ways to satisfy esteem needs include personal achievements, promotion to more responsible jobs, various honours and awards, and other forms of recognition. What follows is the top level of this hierarchy of needs. These are the self- realisation needs. In other words, they're the needs to grow and develop as people, the needs to become all that we're capable of being. These are the most difficult needs to satisfy. Whether one can achieve this level or not perhaps determines whether one can be a great man or just an ordinary man. Of course, it depends on different people. The means of satisfying them tend to vary greatly with the individual. For some people, learning a new skill, starting a new career after retirement could quite well satisfy their self-realisation needs, while for other people, it could be becoming the best there is in certain areas. It could be becoming the president of IBM. Anyway, being great or ordinary is what others think, while self-realisation is largely individual. Maslow suggests that people work to satisfy their physiological needs first, then their safety needs and so on up to needs ladder. In general, they are motivated by the needs at the lowest level that remain unsatisfied. However, needs at one level do not have to be completely satisfied before needs at the next higher level come into play. If the majority of a person's physiological and safety needs are satisfied, that person will be motivated primarily by social needs, but any physiological and safety needs that remain unsatisfied will keep playing an important role. Ok, that's the general picture of Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Just to sum up, I've briefly introduced to you Maslow's theory. Maslow thinks there are 5 kinds of human needs with each one being more important than the preceding one. I hope that you've found his ideas interesting and in our next lecture, we'll mainly discuss the practical implications of his theory.
PART Ⅱ PROOFREADING AND ERROR CORRECTION In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiplechoice questions. Read the passages and then answer the questions.
The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. I case, only ONE word is involved. You should proof-read the passage and correct it Demographic indicators show that Americans in the postwar period were more eager than ever to establish families. They quickly brought clown the age at marriage for both men and women and brought the birth rate to a twentieth century height after more than a hundred 1 _______ years of a steady decline, producing the "baby boom." These young 2 _______ adults established a trend of early marriage and relatively large families that went for more than two decades and caused a major but 3 _______ temporary reversal of long-term demographic patterns. From the 1940s through the early 1960s, Americans married at a high rate and 4 _______ at a younger age than their Europe counterparts. 5 _______ Less noted but equally more significant, the men and women who 6 _______ formed families between 1940 and 1960 nevertheless reduced the 7 _______ divorce rate after a postwar peak; their marriages remained intact to a greater extent than did that of couples who married in earlier as 8 _______ well as later decades. Since the United States maintained its dubious 9 _______ distinction of having the highest divorce rate in the world, the temporary decline in divorce did not occur in the same extent in 10 _______ Europe. Contrary to fears of the experts, the role of breadwinner and homemaker was not abandoned.
1.
将height改成high。
height表示“高度”、“身高”、“海拔”、“顶点”、“极度”等时为不可数名词。用作可数名词时,表示“高处”、“高地”。hish用作名词时,表示“高潮”、“最高水平”、“最高数字”、“最高记录”等,为可数名词,如 Sales have teached a new hish(销售额达到新高)。
2.
将冠词a去掉。
此处steady decline侧重指稳定下降的行为、过程而不是其结果,故为不可数概念。相反,我们可以说The population of that country saw a steady decline in those years。这时强调的是结果。
SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then answer the questions.
TEXT A 1 Hostility to Gypsies has existed almost from the time they first appeared in Europe in the 14th century. The origins of the Gypsies, with little written history, were shrouded in mystery. What is known now from clues in the various dialects of their language, Romany, is that they came from northern India to the Middle East a thousand years ago, working as minstrels and mercenaries, metalsmiths and servants. Europeans misnamed them Egyptians, soon shortened to Gypsies. A clan system, based mostly on their traditional crafts and geography, has made them a deeply fragmented and fractious people, only really unifying in the face of enmity from non-Gypsies, whom they call gadje. Today many Gypsy activists prefer to be called Roma, which comes from the Romany word for "man". But on my travels among them most still referred to themselves as Gypsies. 2 In Europe their persecution by the gadje began quickly, with the church seeing heresy in their fortune-telling and the state seeing anti-social behaviour in their nomadism. At various times they have been forbidden to wear their distinctive bright clothes, to speak their own language, to travel, to marry one another, or to ply their traditional crafts. In some countries they were reduced to slavery—it wasn't until the mid-1800s that Gypsy slaves were freed in Romania. In more recent times the Gypsies were caught up in Nazi ethnic hysteria, and perhaps half a million perished in the Holocaust. Their horses have been shot and the wheels removed from their wagons, their names have been changed, their women have been sterilized, and their children have been forcibly given for adoption to non-Gypsy families. 3 But the Gypsies have confounded predictions of their disappearance as a distinct ethnic group, and their numbers have burgeoned. Today there are an estimated 8 to 12 million Gypsies scattered across Europe, making them the continent's largest minority. The exact number is hard to pin down. Gypsies have regularly been undercounted, both by regimes anxious to downplay their profile and by Gypsies themselves, seeking to avoid bureaucracies. Attempting to remedy past inequities, activist groups may overcount. Hundreds of thousands more have emigrated to the Americas and elsewhere. With very few exceptions Gypsies have expressed no great desire for a country to call their own — unlike the Jews, to whom the Gypsy experience is often compared. "Romanestan,' said Ronald Lee, the Canadian Gypsy writer. "is where my two feet stand."
2. In history hostility to Gypsies in Europe resulted in their persecution by all the following EXCEPT
A.the Egyptians.
B.the state.
C.the church.
D.the Nazis.
A B C D
A
此题为细节归纳题。据第2段第1句,可排除B与C。据第2段第4句可排除D。
3. According to the passage, the main difference between the Gypsies and the Jews lies in their concepts of
A.language.
B.culture.
C.identity.
D.custom.
A B C D
C
此题为细节理解题。据第3段倒数第2句,我们知道,绝大多数吉普赛人没有表示要建立属于自己的国家的愿望,而这与犹太人不一样(尽管这两个民族常被人们相提并论)。据最后l句中加拿大籍吉普赛作家Ronald Lee所言,“哪里讲吉普赛语,哪里就是我的立足之地。”由此可见,他们对自己的身份或归属(identity)并不在意。 [难点解析] <1>Gypsies吉普赛人 <2>shrouded in mystery神秘地掩盖起来,处于神秘之中。shroud表示“遮蔽”、“隐藏”、“把……伪装起来”。 <3>minstrels and mercenaries minstrel指(中世纪的)豪门艺人,专以歌唱、讲故事、滑稽表演等取悦于封建主的歌手、乐师、滑稽演员等,(中世纪的)吟游诗人。mercenary指外国雇佣兵。注意此二词连用时产生的头韵效果。 <4>clan system宗派体系 <5>fragmented and fractious分裂而且难以驾驭的。此处也使用了头韵。 <6>nomadism游牧生活,流浪生活 <7>ethnic hysterical这里指德国纳粹疯狂迫害包括犹太民族、吉普赛人在内的暴虐行为。 <8>confound此处表示“挫败”,“使落空”。 <9>burgeon迅速增长,发展繁荣 <10>downplay their profile贬低他们的形象或影响
TEXT B 1 I was just a boy when my father brought me to Harlem for the first time, almost 50 years ago. We stayed at the Hotel Theresa, a grand brick structure at 125th Street and Seventh Avenue. Once, in the hotel restaurant, my father pointed out Joe Louis. He even got Mr. Brown, the hotel manager, to introduce me to him, a bit paunchy but still the champ as far as I was concerned. 2 Much has changed since then. Business and real estate are booming. Some say a new renaissance is under way. Others decry what they see as outside forces running roughshod over the old Harlem. 3 New York meant Harlem to me, and as a young man I visited it whenever I could. But many of my old haunts are gone. The Theresa shut down in 1996. National chains that once ignored Harlem now anticipate yuppie money and want pieces of this prime Manhattan real estate. So here I am on a hot August afternoon, sitting in a Starbucks that two years ago opened a block away from the Theresa, snatching at memories between sips of high-priced coffee. I am about to open up a piece of the old Harlem — the New York Amsterdam News — when a tourist asking directions to Sylvia's, a prominent Harlem restaurant, penetrates my daydreaming. He's carrying a book: Touring Historic Harlem. 4 History. I miss Mr. Michaux's bookstore, his House of Common Sense, which was across from the Theresa. He had a big billboard out front with brown and black faces painted on it that said in large letters: "World History Book Outlet on 2,000,000,000 Africans and Nonwhite Peoples." An ugly state office building has swallowed that space. 5 I miss speaker like Carlos Cooks, who was always on the southwest corner of 125th and Seventh, urging listeners to support Africa. Harlem's powerful political electricity seems unplugged — although the streets are still energized, especially by West African immigrants. 6 Hardworking southern newcomers formed the bulk of the community back in the 1920s and '30s, when Harlem renaissance artists, writers, and intellectuals gave it a glitter and renown that made it the capital of black America. From Harlem, W. E. B. DuBois. Langston Hughes, Paul Robeson, Zora Neal Hurston, and others helped power America's cultural influence around the world. 7 By the 1970s and '80s drugs and crime had ravaged parts of the community. And the life expectancy for men in Harlem was less than that of men in Bangladesh. Harlem had become a symbol of the dangers of inner-city life. 8 Now, you want to shout "Lookin' good!" at this place that has been neglected for so long. Crowds push into Harlem USA, a new shopping centre on 125th, where a Disney store shares space with HMY Records, the New York Sports Club, and a nine-screen Magic Johnson theatre complex. Nearby, a Rite Aid drugstore also opened. Maybe part of the reason Harlem seems to be undergoing a rebirth is that it is finally getting what most people take for granted. 9 Harlem is also part of an "empowerment zone"—a federal designation aimed at fostering economic growth that will bring over half a billion in federal, state, and local dollars. Just the shells of once elegant old brownstones now can cost several hundred thousand dollars. Rents are skyrocketing. An improved economy, tougher law enforcement, and community efforts against drugs have contributed to a 60 percent drop in crime since 1993.
1. At the beginning the author seems to indicate that Harlem
A.has remained unchanged all these years.
B.has undergone drastic changes.
C.has become the capital of Black America.
D.has remained a symbol of dangers of inner-city life.
4. From the passage we can infer that, generally speaking, the author
A.has strong reservations about the changes.
B.has slight reservations about the changes.
C.welcomes the changes in Harlem.
D.is completely opposed to the changes.
A B C D
C
此题为归纳推理题。对于在Harlem发生的各种变化,作者是持欢迎态度的。据第8段我们知道,在Harlem,人们会大声叫好,而这是多年来所听不到的。在作者看来,Harlem正“经历着新生”(undergoing a rebirth)。据最后1段,作者提到了“改善的经济”、“更严厉的法制”,还提到了犯罪率的大幅度降低。这都说明了作者对这些变化的积极态度。 [难点解析] <1>...a bit paunchy but still the champ as far as 1 was concerned.有点大腹便便但对我而言仍是很了得。champ用于口语,为champion(冠军)的缩写。 <2>others decry what they see as outside forces runningroughshod over the old Harlem.decry...as表示“谴责……,认为这是……”。run/ride roughshod over表示“残暴地(或盛气凌人地)对待,对……横行霸道”。 <3>National chains that once ignored Harlem now anticipate yuppie money...这里指纽约人开发曼哈顿岛的眼光现在盯上了Harlem地区,城市少壮职业人士(yuppie)(即雅皮士,仿嬉皮士HIPPIE而来)想从中捞利。 <4>Harlem's powerful political electricity seems unplugged...此处作者使用了比喻说法,意指Harlem居民对政治缺乏热情。 <5>Bangladesh孟加拉国。作者以Harlem居民的寿限与盂加拉国的男性寿限相比,旨在说明当时Harlem地区居民短寿。 <6>“empowerment zone'”“授权地区”,指联邦政府以政策扶持Harlem的经济发展。
TEXT C 1 The senior partner, Oliver Lambert, studied the resume for the hundredth time and again found nothing he disliked about Mitchell Y. McDeere, at least not on paper. He had the brains, the ambition, the good looks. And he was hungry; with his background, he had to be. He was married, and that was mandatory. The firm had never hired an unmarried lawyer, and it frowned heavily on divorce, as well as womanizing and drinking. Drug testing was in the contract. He had a degree in accounting, passed the CPA exam the first time he took it and wanted to be a tax lawyer, which of course was a requirement with a tax firm. He was white, and the firm had never hired a black. They managed this by being secretive and clubbish and never soliciting job applications. Other firms solicited, and hired blacks. This firm recruited, and remained lily white. Plus, the firm was in Memphis, and the top blacks wanted New York or Washington or Chicago. McDeere was a male, and there were no women in the firm. That mistake had been made in the mid-seventies when they recruited the number one grad from Harvard, who happened to be a she and a wizard at taxation. She lasted four turbulent years and was killed in a car wreck. 2 He looked good, on paper. He was their top choice. In fact, for this year there were no other prospects. The list was very short. It was McDeere, or no one. 3 The managing partner, Royce McKnight, studied a dossier labeled "Mitchell Y. McDeere- Harvard. "An inch thick with small print and a few photographs; it had been prepared by some ex-CIA agents in a private intelligence outfit in Bethesda. They were clients of the firm and each year did the investigating for no fee. It was easy work, they said, checking out unsuspecting law students. They learned, for instance, that he preferred to leave the Northeast, that he was holding three job offers, two in New York and one in Chicago, and that the highest offer was $76,000 and the lowest was $ 68,000. He was in demand. He had been given the opportunity to cheat on a securities exam during his second year. He declined, and made the highest grade in the class. Two months ago he had been offered cocaine at a law school party. He said no and left when everyone began snorting. He drank an occasional beer, but drinking was expensive and he had no money. He owed close to $ 23,000 in student loans. He was hungry. 4 Royce McKnight flipped through the dossier and smiled. McDeere was their man. 5 Lamar Quin was thirth-two and not yet a partner. He had been brought along to look young and act young and project a youthful image for Bendini, Lambert & Locke, which in fact was a young firm, since most of the partners retired in their late forties of early fifties with money to burn. He would make partner in this firm. With a six-figure income guaranteed for the rest of his life, Lamar could enjoy the twelve-hundred-dollar tailored suits that hung so comfortably from his tall, athletic frame. He strolled nonchalantly across the thousand-dollar-a-day suite and poured another cup of decaf. He checked his watch. He glanced at the two partners sitting at the small conference table near the windows. 6 Precisely at two thirty someone knocked on the door. Lamar looked at the partners, who slid the resume and dossier into an open briefcase. All three reached for their jackets. Lamir buttoned his top button and opened the door.
1. Which of the following is NOT the firm's recruitment requirement?
4. We get the impression from the passage that in job recruitment the firm was NOT
A.selective.
B.secretive.
C.perfunctory.
D.racially biased.
A B C D
C
此题为细节归纳题。从第l段我们知道,该公司招人很在乎应聘者的个人情况,会根据他们的性别、肤色、婚姻状况、经济状况、性格爱好等挑选应聘者,而不是随便或马虎地聘用,故可排除A和D,而确定C。据第1段第9句明确排除B。 [难点解析] <1>mandatory必需的,强制性的 <2>frown On对……不满 <3>secretive and clubbish遮遮掩掩(讳莫如深)、排外的 <4>grad为graduate(毕业生)的缩写。 <5>wizard奇才 <6>with money to burn钱多得花不完,钱有的是。来自have sth.to burn这一习语,意思是“某物多得用不完,某物有的是”。 <7>decaf(脱去咖啡因的)饮料
TEXT D 1 Harry Truman didn't think his successor had the right training to be president. "Poor Ike — it won't be a bit like the Army," he said. "He'll sit there all day saying ,do this, do that,'and nothing will happen." Truman was wrong about Ike. Dwight Eisenhower had led a fractious alliance — you didn't tell Winston Churchill what to do — in a massive, chaotic war. He was used to politics. But Truman's insight could well be applied to another, even more venerated Washington figure, the CEO-turned cabinet secretary. 2 A 20-year bull market has convinced us all that CEOs are geniuses, so watch with astonishment the troubles of Donald Rumsfeld and Paul O'Neill. Here are two highly regarded businessmen, obviously intelligent and well-informed, foundering in their jobs. 3 Actually, we shouldn't be surprised. Rumsfeld and O'Neill are not doing badly despite having been successful CEOs but because of it. The record of senior businessmen in government is one of almost unrelieved disappointment. In fact, with the exception of Robert Rubin, it is difficult to think of a CEO who had a successful career in government. 4 Why is this? Well, first the CEO has to recognize that he is no longer the CEO. He is at best an adviser to the CEO, the president. But even the president is not really the CEO. No one is. Power in a corporation is concentrated and vertically structured. Power in Washington is diffuse and horizontally spread out. The secretary might think he's in charge of his agency. But the chairman of the congressional committee funding that agency feels the same. In his famous study "Presidential Power and the Modern Presidents," Richard Neustadt explains how little power the president actually has and concludes that the only lasting presidential power is "the power to persuade." 5 Take Rumsfeld's attempt to transform the cold-war military into one geared for the future. It's innovative but deeply threatening to almost everyone in Washington. The Defense secretary did not try to sell it to the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Congress, the budget office or the White House. As a result, the idea is collapsing. 6 Second, what power you have, you must use carefully. For example, O'Neill's position as Treasury secretary is one with little formal authority. Unlike Finance ministers around the world, Treasury does not control the budget. But it has symbolic power. The secretary is seen as the chief economic spokesman for the administration and, if he plays it right, the chief economic adviser for the president. 7 O'Neill has been publicly critical of the IMF's bailout packages for developing countries while at the same time approving such packages for Turkey, Argentina and Brazil. As a result, he has gotten the worst of both worlds. The bailouts continue, but their effect in holstering investor confidence is limited because the markets are rattled by his skepticism. 8 Perhaps the government doesn't do bailouts well. But that leads to a third rule: you can't just quit. Jack Welch's famous law for re-engineering General Electric was to be first or second in any given product category, or else get out of that business. But if the government isn't doing a particular job at peak level, it doesn't always have the option of relieving itself of that function. The Pentagon probably wastes a lot of money. But it can't get out of the national-security business. 9 The key to former Treasury secretary Rubin's success may have been that he fully understood that business and government are, in his words, "necessarily and properly very different." In a recent speech he explained, "Business functions around one predominate organizing principle, profitability ... Government, on the other hand, deals with a vast number of equally legitimate and often potentially competing objectives — for example, energy production versus environmental protection, or safety regulations versus productivity." 10 Rubin's example shows that talented people can do well in government if they are willing to treat it as its own separate, serious endeavour. But having been bathed in a culture of adoration and flattery, it's difficult for a CEO to believe he needs to listen and learn, particularly from those despised and poorly paid specimens, politicians, bureaucrats and the media. And even if he knows it intellectually, he just can's live with it.
1. For a CEO to be successful in government, he has to
A.regard the president as the CEO.
B.take absolute control of his department.
C.exercise more power than the congressional committee.
4. The author seems to suggest that CEO-turned government officials
A.are able to fit into their new roles.
B.are unlikely to adapt to their new roles.
C.can respond to new situations intelligently.
D.may feel uncertain in their new posts.
A B C D
B
此题为细节理解题。在最后1段中,作者指出,CEO长期习染崇拜、奉承的文化,因而他们很难相信自己有必要去听取别人的意见或学习他人的优点,特别是那些为人们所不齿的政客、官僚和媒体,而他们即使清楚地认识有这个必要,也不会那样做,故选B。A与C明显不符。D得不到文章的支持。 [难点解析] <1>venerated受尊敬的 <2>CEO-turned cabinet secretary由CEO(chief executive official的缩写,即首席执行官或总经理)升任而来的内阁部长。secretary在美国英语中可表示“部长”,而在英国英语中为“大臣”。 <3>bull-market牛市,反义词语为bear market,为股票用语。这里指CEO过去的经历十分辉煌。 <4>founder失败,崩溃 <1>Rumsfeld and O'Neill are not doing badly despite having been successful CEOs butbecause of it.Rumsfeld和O’Neill虽然做CEO时很成功,但目前干得很糟糕。之所以如此,是因为他们在做CEO方面的成功经历。注意此处的句式not(despite)...but(because of)...,即此句中的not并不是修饰doing badly。此句的含义是:由于熟谙如何做CEO,他们会将做CEO的成功经验套用到做内阁部长的工作中去,而这正是他们失败的根源,因为政府部门与商业部门存在许多本质的不同(如权力结构)。 <2>The Defense secretary did not try to sell it to the Joint Chiefs of staff,Congress,thebudget office or the White House. the Defense secretary这里指Rumsfeld。sell这里指“说服某人接受”。 <3>IMF's bailout, packages IMF为International Monetary Fund(国际货币基金组织)的缩写。bailout packages指应急(财政)援助计划。 <4>holster维持。原指“将手枪放人匣内”。 <5>at peak,level处于最好的水平 <6>specimens在口语中表示“家伙”、“怪人”,常带有贬义。
SECTION B SKIMMING AND SCANNING In this section there are seven passages with ten multiple-choice questions. Skim or scan them as required and then answer the questions.
TEXT E
1. Planning to answer your e-mail while on holiday in New York? That may not be easy. The Internet may have been invented in the United States, but America is one of the least likely places where a traveller might find an Internet cafe. "Every major city in the world has more cybercafes than New York,"says Joie Kelly, who runs CyberCafeGuide. com. The numbers seem to bear her out. according to various directories, London has more than 30, Paris 19, Istanbul 17, but New York has only 8. Other U. S. cities fare just as poorly: Los Angeles has about 11, Chicago has 4. "Here it's quite hard work to find a cafe. I was surprised," says Michael Robson, a Sportswriter from York, England, who was visibly relieved to be checking his e-mail at CyberCafe near New York's Times Square. Why the lack of places to plug in? Americans enjoy one of the highest rates of Internet access from work and home in the world, and they've never really taken to cafes. About 80 percent of CyberCafe's clients, for instance, are tourists from overseas. Greek tycoon Stelios HajiIoannou also thinks high prices drive away locals. Last November he opened a branch of his Internet-cafe chain easyEverything in Times Square. With 800 terminals, it's the largest Net cafe in the word. While the typical American cafe charges $8 to $12 an hour, easyEverything charges $1 to $ 4. Marketing manager Stephanie Engelsen says half the cafe's customers are locals. "We get policemen, firemen, nurses who don't work at desks with computers, actors between auditions.' easyEverything is now planning to open new locations in Harlem and possibly SoHo. Unless there's some cultural shift afoot, however, New York will continue to lag behind metropolises from Mexico City to Moscow.The passage is mainly concerned with ________ in the U. S. A.
1. Most of the so-called yogis in the West seem to focus on figure correction, not true awareness. They make statements about yoga being for the body, mind and soul. But this is just semantics. Asanas (postures), which get such huge play in the West, are the smallest aspect of yoga. Either you practice yoga as a whole or you don't. If one is practicing just for health, better to take up walking. Need to cure a disease? See a doctor. Yoga is not about fancy asanas or breath control. Nor is it a therapy or a philosophy. Yoga is about inside awareness. It is the process of union of the self with the whole. Yoga is becoming the Buddha. Yogis are experimentalists. In the West, scientists research mainly external phenomena. Yogis focus on the inside. They know that the external world is maya (illusionary) and everything inside is sathya (truth). In maya everything goes, but if you know yourself nothing goes. The West tends to practice only what we call cultural asanas that focus on the external. We don't practice asanas just to become fit. Indian yogis have discovered 8.4 million such postures. It is essential to train our bodies to find the most comfortable pose that we can sit in for hours Beyond that there is no role for physical yoga. Basically yoga is made up of two parts: bahirang (external yoga )and antarang (internal yoga). The West practices only the former. It needs to enter into antarang yoga. After that begins the trip to the unknown where the master makes the student gradually aware at every stage, where you know that you are not the body or the mind and not even the soul. That is when you get the first taste of moksha, or enlightenment. It is the sense of the opening of the silence, the sense where you lose yourself and are happy doing it, where for the first time your ego has merged with the superconsciousness. You feel you no longer exist, for you have walked into the valley of death. And if you start walking more and more in this valley, you become freer.In the passage below the author primarily attempts to
1. Whatever you think of Henry Kissinger, you have to admit: the man has staying power. With a new book — Does America Need a Foreign Policy? — on the shelves, Kissinger is once again helping to shape American thinking on foreign relations. This is the sixth decade in which that statement can be said to be true. Kissinger's new book is terrific. Plainly intended as an extended tutorial on policy for the new American Administration, it is full of good sense and studded with occasional insights that will have readers nodding their heads in silent agreement. A particularly good chapter on Asia rebukes anyone who unthinkingly assigns China the role once played by the Soviet Union as the natural antagonist of the U. S. Kissinger's book can also be read in another, and more illuminating, light. It is, in essence, an extended meditation on the end of a particular way of looking at the world: one where the principal actors in international relations are nation-states, pursuing their conception of their own national interest, and in which the basic rule of foreign policy is that one nation does not intervene in the internal affairs of another. Students of international relations call this the "Westphalian system," after the 1648 Peace of Westphalia that ended Europe's Thirty Years War, a time of indescribable carnage waged in the name of competing religions. The treaties that ended the war put domestic arrangements — like religion — off limits to other states. In the war's aftermath a rough- and-ready commitment to a balance of power among neighbours took shape. Kissinger is a noted scholar of the balance of power. And he is suspicious of attempts to meddle in the internal business of others. Yet Kissinger is far too sophisticated to attempt to recreate a world that is lost. "Today," he writes, "the Westphalian order is in systematic crisis." In particular, nation— states are no longer the sole drivers of the international system. In some cases, groups of states- like the European Union or Mercosur — have developed their own identities and agendas. Economic globalization has both blurred the boundaries between nations and given a substantial international role to those giant companies for whom such boundaries make little sense. In today's world, individuals can be as influential as nations; future historians may consider the support for public health of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation to be more noteworthy than last week's United Nations conference on AIDS. And a large number of institutions are premised on the assumption that intervention in the internal affairs of others is often desirable. Were that not the case.Slobodan Milosevic would not have been surrendered last week to the jurisdiction of the war crimes tribunal in the Hague. The consequences of these changes are profound. Kissinger is right to note that globalization has undermined the role of the nation-state less in the case of the U. S. (Why? Because it's more powerful than anyone else. ) Elsewhere, the old ways of thinking about the "national interest"— that guiding light of the Westphalian system — have fewer adherents than they once did.The reviewer's comments on Henry Kissinger's new book are basically
A.negative.
B.noncommittal.
C.unfounded.
D.positive.
A B C D
D
此题为快速浏览题。据第2段和第3段的第1句、第6段的第2句可确定。
TEXT H
1. During the past century, due to a variety of factors, more than 1,000 of the world's languages have disappeared, and it is possible to foresee a time, perhaps 100 years from now, when about half of today's 6,000 languages will either be dead or dying. This startling rate of linguistic extinction is possible because 96 per cent of the world's languages are now spoken only by 4 per cent of the world's population. Globalization in the post-Cold War era has witnessed the coming of the information age, which has played an important role in promoting economic co-operation but which has, at the same time, helped facilitate the assimilation of smaller cultural systems into a larger, mostly English-speaking whole. Internet and other forms of mass media have succeeded in making English the worldwide standard. In 1998, the Seminar on Technological Progress & Development of the Present-day World was held in China. At the seminar, many participants expressed concern over the potential risks associated with excessive dependency on information technology. These critics claimed a move from "information monopoly" to "information hegemony'could possibly become just another way for the strong to dominate the weak, culturally as well as economically. In other words, life in a technology-and information-based global society may lead to a new social stratification, in which linguistic assimilation will lead to cultural assimilation and social injustice will abound. In the 20th century, human society's over — development caused the deterioration of the environment and ecological imbalance. The extinction of myriad biological species aroused deep concern which led people to an understanding of the special importance of protecting rare animals and plants on the brink of extinction. Now we face the question, is the maintenance of cultural and linguistic diversity as important as the preservation of pandas and Chinese white-flag dolphins? Given the open society in which we live, or wish to live, this question becomes complicated. A balance must be struck between promoting international exchanges on the one hand, and taking measures to protect "small" languages on the other hand. Most widely used languages, such as the six working languages — including English and Chinese — used in the United Nations, have little to fear and need no special protection. But for other, more marginal languages some measures should be taken. Professionals should be trained to study and use them in order to keep them alive. Effective measures such as bilingual or multilingual education should also be implemented to protect them from extinction. To some, 6,000 may seem like an inexhaustible number of languages. To those same people, it may seem irrelevant if one or two of those languages cease to be used. But what many fail to realize is that language and culture are linked. Without one, the other dies,and so with the death of different languages we have the death of different cultures. The extinction of languages is equal to animal extinction in this respect. The fading away of a language, no matter how small, causes real damage to the "ecological balance" in the field of culture.In the passage the author expresses his concern about
A.the survival of small languages.
B.globalization in the post-Cold War era.
C.present-day technological progress.
D.ecological imbalance.
A B C D
A
此题为快速浏览题。据文章导入段可知,据文章最后几段可确认。
TEXT I PROJECT MANAGER AGRICULTURAL REHABILITATION PROJECT, NORTHERN ETHIOPIA SCF started work in Ethiopia in 1973 with an emergency relief programme in response to the famine of that year. Since then SCF has been involved in a range of longer-term relief and development programmes to secure lasting benefits for children. As a result of a helicopter assisted survey undertaken in the northern highlands of Ethiopia in 2000, SCF has been involved in a number of interventions aimed at engaging with the agricultural sector in order to promote food security in the most vulnerable areas of North Wollo. As Project Manager your key task will be to manage, promote and develop all SCF's activities in the agriculture/livestock and natural resources sectors in Wollo. You will also play a major role in developing policy at national level. To meet the challenge of this exciting new post you will need a relevant post graduate qualification; substantial experience in managing agricultural development projects in Africa with an emphasis on providing institutional support to the capacity of extension services while prompting farmer participation; ability to think and plan strategically; proven team management skills; report writing and financial skills; willingness to travel extensively and live and work in an isolated location. This post is offered on a twelve-month contract with a salary of £19, 294 (normally tax-free). You can also expect a generous benefits package including all flights and reasonable living and accommodation expenses. For further details and an application form please apply with CV to Jenny Thomas, Overseas Personnel Administrator, SCF, 17 Grove Lane, London SE5 8RD Closing date: 30th November 2001.
1. The work of Project Manager is chiefly concerned with
A.emergency relief programmes.
B.agricultural rehabilitation.
C.helicopter assisted surveys.
D.strategic planning,
A B C D
B
此题为跳读题。据第3段第1句可确定。
2. The working contract is offered on a________ basis.
A.two-month
B.twenty-month
C.ten-month
D.twelve-month
A B C D
D
此题为跳读题。据第5段第1句可确定。
TEXT J The conventional wisdom says no, but by mid-century that assessment — along with the sniffles— may well be ancient history. Colds are considered incurable today because it would take months to come up with a vaccine for every new strain. That's fine for the flu, which breeds in animals and only jumps over to humans every year or two. But colds mutate even while they're infecting you, and new strains pop up so often that by the time drug-makers create a vaccine against one variation, the serum is already out of date. The flu may yet point the way toward a cold cure though. Scientists at the University of Ghent, in Belgium, have found a protein called M2 that seems to be present in virtually every flu strain known to man. Using that knowledge, they have made a vaccine that they think could protect against all flus — old, new and those not yet in existence. If a similar protein is found in cold viruses — a protein that's present no matter what strain is involved — then it is possible that by 2025 or so, children could be getting a universal cold vaccine. And then they will have to listen to us old geezers reminisce about the days when we used to carry a small white cloth called a handkerchief. BAD BREATH? Afraid not. Bad breath isn't an illness; it's merely a symptom of something else. In some cases, the something else really is an illness — some kidney disorder or an infection. Infections can usually be cured, and if you're suffering from an incurable one or from another serious condition, bad breath is the least of your problems. Another cause is foods like onions or garlic, in which case you're out of luck. essential oils from such foods get into the blood, then into the lungs, then out with each exhaled breath. Even in the 21st century, if you want the flavour, you risk disflavour. The most common reason for bad breath, though, is, to put it delicately, food molecules rotting in the mouth. Mouthwash masks the smell, but ultimately you have to get rid of the stuff. Brushing removes larger particles, but dentists suggest brushing the back of the tongue as well, where food residues and bacteria congregate. The microscopic bits that remain must be flushed down by drink or saliva. But if you're waiting for a true cure, it won't happen until we eat all our food in pill form. In other words, don't hold your breath.
1. Who have found a protein called M2?
A.Scientists from a Belgium University.
B.Drug-makers in Belgium.
C.Doctors in a Belgium hospital.
D.it is not mentioned.
A B C D
A
此题为跳读题。据第2段第2句可确定。
2. How many causes of bad breath does the passage cite?
A.One.
B.Two.
C.Three.
D.Four.
A B C D
C
此题为跳读题。在BAD BREATH部分(即第4、5、6段),作者使用了another cause,the most common reason等表达,据此可知作者共提及三种原因。
TEXT K Henry Moore, the seventh of eight children of Raymond Spencer Moore and his wife Mary, was born in Yorkshire on 30 July 1898. After graduating from secondary school, Moore taught for a short while. Then the First World war began and he enlisted in the army at the age of eighteen. After the war he applied for and received an ex-serviceman's grant to attend Leeds School of Art. At the end of his second year he won a scholarship to the Royal College of Art in London. In 1928 Moore met Irina Radetsky, a painting student at the college, whom he married a year later. The couple then moved into a house which consisted of a small ground-floor studio with an equally small flat above. This remained their London home for ten years. Throughout the 1920's Moore was involved in the art life of London. His first commission, received in 1928, was to produce a sculpture relief for the newly opened headquarters of London Transport. His first one-man exhibition opened at the Warren Gallery in 1928; it was followed by a show at the Leicester Galleries in 1931 and his first sale to a gallery abroad — the Museum fur Kunst und Gewerbe in Hamburg. His success continued. In 1946 Moore had his first foreign retrospective exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art, New York. In 1948 he won the International Sculpture Prize at the 24th Venice Biennale, the first of countless international accolades acquired in succeeding years. At the same time sales of Moore's work around the world increased, as did the demand for his exhibitions. By the end of 1970's the number of exhibitions had grown to an average of forty a year, ranging from the very small to major international retrospectives taking years of detailed planning and preparation. The main themes in Moore's work included the mother and child, the earliest work created in 1922, and the reclining figure dating from 1926. At the end of the 1960's came stringed figures based on mathematical models observed in the Science Museum, and the first helmet head, a subject that later developed into the internal-external theme — variously interpreted as a hard form covering a soft, like a mother protecting her child or a foetus inside a womb. A few years before his death in 1986 Moore gave the estate at Perry Green with its studios, houses and cottages, to the Trustees of the Henry Moore Foundation to promote sculpture and the fine arts within the cultural life of the country and in particular the works of Henry Moore.
1. When did Moore receive his first commission?
A.In 1948.
B.In 1946.
C.In 1931.
D.In 1928.
A B C D
D
此题为跳读题。据第3段第2句可确定。
2. Where did Moore win his first international prize?
A.In London.
B.In Venice.
C.In New York.
D.In Hamburg.
A B C D
B
此题为跳读题。据第4段第2句中的24th Venice Binnale可确定。
PART Ⅳ TRANSLATON
SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH Translate C the following text into English.
Before I fell ill,my parents doted on me a 1ot.I could have my way at home.Once I was iso1ated and confined in a chamber on the hillside of the garden,I suddenly felt I was neglected and became very depressed.One spring evening,my parents held a banquet in the garden,where all sorts of flowers were in full bloom.For a time,guests gathered there,cheering and 1aughing.I quietly lifted the curtain of the chamber and caught a glimpse of the wonderfu1 and bustling scene in the garden.I saw my brothers,sisters and cousins were a11 there,radiant with joy.All of a sudden,I was possessed by the feeling of being abandoned.Struck by both grief and indignation,I couldn’t help crying bitterly. [难点解析] <1>横行霸道视情况我们可以用act violently,act like a tyrant,play the bully等来译。此处指“我”在家中做事任性、想干什么干什么,无所约束,故宜用have my way来译。have (it) one's (own) way为习语,表示“随心所欲”、“想怎么样就怎么样”,it与own均可以省略。 <2>拘禁此处不带由法律含义,故不可用put sb.under arrest,detain,take sb.into custody等译。 <3>打入冷宫有be consigned to limbo,be left out in the cold,be neglected等译法。 <4>不得志此处指“不愉快”、“寡欢”等。 <5>百花怒放可译成a11 sorts of flowers bloomed/blossomed,或a11 sorts of flowers were in full bloom/blossom。此处不宜将这一内容与后一句并列,而宜处理为“园中”的补充说明信息。 <6>窥见“窥视”常用peep at来译。此处强调结果而非动作,故宜用catch/get a glimpse of。 <7>大千世界一般有多种译法,如the big world,the boundless universe,the kaleidoscopic world。此处意指“精彩场面”,故译成wonderful and bustling scene。 <8>喜气洋洋常见译法有be bursting with happiness/joy,be filled with gaiety,be overflowing with happiness,look cheerful,be radiant with joy/delight。 由于“我”从山坡小屋里窥见这一切,最后两种译法更可取。 <9>悲愤可译为grief and indignation。
SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Translate the following text into Chinese.
1. In is classic novel,“The Pioneers”,James Fenimore Cooper has his hero, a 1and developer,take his cousin on a tour of the city he is building.He describes the broad streets,rows of houses,a teeming metropo1is.But his cousin 1ooks around bewildered.All she sees is a forest.“where are the beauties and improvements which you were to show me?” She asks.He's astonished she can't see them.“Where! Why everywhere,"he replies.For though they are not yet built on earth,he has built them in his mind,and they are as concrete to him as if they were already constructed and finished. Cooper was i11ustrating a distinctly American trait,future-mindedness:the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future;the freedom to feel unencumbered by the past and more emotionally attached to things to come.As Albert Einstein once said,“Life for the American is always becoming,never being.”
在其经典小说《开拓者》中,詹姆士·菲尼摩尔·库珀让主人公,一个土地开发商,带他的表妹参观正在由他承建的一座城市。他描述了宽阔的街道,林立的房屋,热闹的都市。他的表妹环顾四周,大惑不解。她所看见的只是一片树林。“你想让我看的那些美景和改造了的地方在哪儿啊?”她问道。他见表妹看不到那些东西,感到很惊讶。“哪儿?到处都是啊!”他答道。虽然那些东西还未建成在大地上,但他已在心中将它们建好了。对他来说,它们都是实实在在的,宛如已建成竣工一样。 库珀这里阐明的是一种典型的美国人特性:着眼于未来,即能够从未来的角度看待现在;可以自由地不为过去所羁绊,而在情感上更多地依附于未来的事物。正如阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦曾经说过的那样:“对美国人来说,生活总是在发展变化中,从来不会静止不变。” [难点解析] <1>classic此处表示“经典的”,而非“古典的”。 <2>...has his hero,a land developer take...has此处表示“让”,“安排”,后接动词不定式原形。 <3>teeming热闹的,忙碌的 <4>beauties and improvements应用具体名词来译,如美景和改造了的地方。 <5>Cooper was illustrating a distinctly American trait...出于衔接需要,可加上“在这里”。 <6>the ability to...the freedom to...从汉语表达习惯出发,可将这两个名词短语改用其他结构来译,以便于解释future-mindedness(着眼于未来)。 <7>...becoming,never being...这里指美国人侧重事物发展的过程,而非结果。对于他们来说,生活总是处于变化之中。
PART Ⅴ WRITING
1. An English newspaper is currently running a discussion on whether young people in China today are (not) more self-centred and unsympathetic than were previous generations.And the paper is inviting contributions from university students.You have been asked to write a short article for the newspaper to air your views. Your article should be about 300 words in length.in the first part of your article you should state clearly your main argument,and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details.in the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. should supply a title for your article. Marks will be awarded for content,organization,grammar and appropriacy.Failure to follow the above instructions may result loss of marks. Write your composition on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.
[写作要点] 1.第一部分(即第一段)交待论点,第二部分(可分为两段)展开讨论,以具体的细节来支持自己的观点。第三部分(即最后一段)总结第二部分的讨论,得出结论。 2.写作时需注意自己的身份为大学生,讨论对象为中国当代年轻人,应联系其比较对象(上一 代人或几代人)进行评判。 3.字数要求为300词左右。 [写作提纲] 第1段:交待背景,引出话题。文章可以相关争论开始:一部分人认为当今社会中的年轻人以自我为中心,缺乏对别人的关爱和同情,而年轻人却不这样认为。接着,提出自己的观点,认为当今年轻人确实如此。 第2段:提出第一个方面的证据,即当今年轻人往往只关注自己的需要,而不管别人怎么想。接着从自己熟悉的生活中举例说明。联系上一代人的做法进行比较。 第3段:提出第二个方面的证据,即当今年轻人不理解他人的困难和苦处,缺少从他人角度着想的精神。然后举例予以支持。联系上一代人的做法进行比较。 第4段:总结上文。指出当今年轻人应向前辈们学习。 [习作参考] Love,and Then Be Loved In recent years,more and more teachers complain that their students are indifferent to others.Some even worry that the young generation might ruin the future of China.To be sure,many of our young people cannot see eye to eye with this view.However,as a university student,I myself would like to content that we young people today are in general more self-centered and unsympathetic than our previous generations. To start with,most,if not all,young people choose to attend exclusively to their own needs.In their eyes,It is all too natural to seek satisfaction from what they do,even if it may mean inconvenience to others.Take my dormitory for example.It is a common scene here that a roommate cheerfully talks to his girlfriend on the phone at midnight when others are struggling for a sound sleep.One may complain now and them,but to no avail.In fact,the others,to the exclusion of me,live their dormitory life much in the same way.When I take a nap at noon,they often play cards.They have no regard for others.Life is a joy to them,yet they often enjoy it the neglect of others’ feelings.In sharp contrast,our caring parents always pay heed to our needs and those of others.Whenever my father comes back home late in the night,he tiptoes in for fear that he might awake me. Moreover,our young people tend to be insensitive to others’ difficulty.When a classmate falls ill,few people offer to help,but regard it as none of their business.Some students in my class come from poor families.Yet, they are active mobile phone users,who may spend twice as much as what their parents earn from arduous 1abor.When asked why they behave so,they answer that their parents have the obligation to accommodate their expenses.Personally,I detest their answer,for l know my parents never thought that way when they were young. Being aware of their parents’ financial difficulty,they managed to save every penny they could. For the above reasons and those not mentioned here,I subscribe to the view that young people in today's China are more self-centered and unsympathetic than were our previous generations. it is high time that we 1earned from older generations so that a harmonious and splendid future can be anticipated.