Short Answer Questions What are the marks of an educated man? The first of these is correctness and precision in the use of the mother tongue. When one hears English well spoken, with pure diction, correct pronunciation, and an almost unconscious choice of the right word, he recognizes it at once. How much easier he finds it to imitate English of the other sort! A second and indispensable trait of the educated man is refined and gentle manners, which are themselves the expression of fixed habits of thought and action. When manners are superficial, artificial, and forced, no matter what their form, they are bad manners. When, however, they are the natural expression of fixed habits of thought and action, and when they reveal a refined and cultivated nature, they are good manners. There are certain things that gentlemen do not do, and they do not do them simply because they are bad manners. The gentleman instinctively knows the difference between those things which he may and should do and those things which he may not and should not do. A third trait of the educated man is the power and habit of reflection. Human beings for the most part live wholly on the surface or far beyond the present moment and that part of the future which is quickly to follow it. They do not read those works of prose and poetry which have become classic because they reveal power and habit of reflection and induce that power and habit in others. When one reflects long enough to ask the question how, he is on the way to knowing something about science. When he reflects long enough to ask the question why, he may, if he persists, even become a philosopher. A fourth trait of the educated man is the power of growth. He continues to grow and develop from birth to his dying day. His interests expand, his contacts multiply, his knowledge increases, and his reflection becomes deeper and wider. It would appear to be true that not many human beings, even those who have had a school and college education, continue to grow after they are twenty-four or twenty-five years of age. By that time it is usual to settle down to life on a level of more or less contented intellectual interest and activity. The whole present-day movement for adult education is a systematic and definite attempt to keep human beings growing long after they have left school and college, and, therefore, to help educate them. A fifth trait of the educated man is his possession of efficiency, or the power to do. The mere visionary dreamer, however charming or however wise, lacks something which an education requires. The power to do may be exercised in any one of a thousand ways, but when it clearly shows itself, that is evidence that the period of discipline of study and of companionship with parents and teachers has not been in vain.
1. What is the first mark of an educated man?
Correctness and precision in the use of the mother tongue
[解析] 细节题。第二段提到The first of these is correctness and precision in the use of the mother tongue,句中的these就是指前面提到的the marks of an educated man,由此可知,有教养的人的第一个特点是准确使用母语。
2. According to the author, the good manners are______.
manners that reveal a refined and cultivated nature
[解析] 细节题。根据第三段when they reveal a refined and cultivated nature,they are good manners可知,作者认为好的礼貌应该出自自然的思想和行为习惯,并且显示了优雅的本性。
3. A man would become a philosopher when______.
he persists asking the question why
[解析] 细节题。根据第四段最后一句话可知,如果一个人持续地问“为什么”,就很可能成为哲学家。
4. What is the aim of present-day adult education?
To keep people growing after they left school or college
Cloze By now you know that 1 your money's worth is not just a matter of luck. It is more often the 2 of buying skill. 3 , even the smartest consumers are sometimes fooled into thinking they are getting their money's worth 4 they are not. At one time or another, almost everyone experiences deception (欺骗, 诡计) in the marketplace. The deception may not be 5 . But, intentional or not, any kind of deception 6 consumer's pocket- books. Some kinds endanger their health and safety as well. Obviously, consumers need protection 7 the marketing of unsafe goods and false or misleading advertising. Fortunately, there are both public and 8 agencies working to meet the need. Government's job in free enterprise system is to protect the public interest. The public is 9 entirely of consumers. When it 10 to protecting consumers, therefore, government has the 11 influ- ence. Because most consumer products are sold 12 , the major responsibility for consumer protection is 13 by the federal government. That responsibility, however, is 14 by many agencies. For example, the US Postal Service works to uncover and stop dishonest 15 operated by mail. The National Highway Safety Bureau is 16 with all aspects of auto- mobile safety. Certain federal agencies, however, have consumer protection as one of their chief purposes. Four of these are described below. Most federal agencies are known 17 their initials. FDA stands 18 the Food and Drug Administration, which probably does more to protect consumers than any other agency. Its major concern is the safety, purity, and labeling of 19 , drugs, and cosmetics. These are the products 20 which consumers spend an estimated 38% of their incomes.
1.
A.letting
B.making
C.getting
D.becoming
A B C D
C
[解析] 逻辑衔接题。下文中出现了相似的短语getting their money’s worth,结合句意可知,短语意为“买到物有所值的商品”,所以C正确。
2. A. consequenceB. method C. reason D. result
A B C D
D
[解析] 逻辑衔接题。此处It指代上文的get your money’s worth,它与buying skill之间是因果关系,即购买技巧决定所购买的东西是否物有所值,故排除B、C项,从以下考点归纳中consequence和result的区别可知,D正确。 ·含“结果”之意的单词辨析: ①result意为“结果,效果”,含义比其他词广泛,包括直接、间接、近因或远因所引起的结果。 ②effect意为“结果,效果,功效”,一般指比较直接的效果。 ③consequence意为“结果,后果”,通常指随着一系列事件而产生的必然后果,它和原因的关系较远,一般强调推理的结果,现用于指抽象或精神方面的事物或状况,通常用复数。
[解析] 词义辨析题。catch意为“抓住”;share意为“共享,分担”;divide意为“划分,分开”;separate意为“分开,隔离”,能与responsibility相搭配的只有share,故选B。 ·含“分开”之意的单词辨析: ①separate意为“分开,分离,隔离”,指把原来结合在一起的或混杂在一起的东西分开,往往含有强行分割的意味。也可用于由于某种自然障碍而造成的阻隔。例如:The Atlantic Ocean separates America from Europe.大西洋分隔了美洲与欧洲。 ②divide意为“划分,分开”,着重于把一件东西按照一定大小比例加以划分,指因外力或自身原因,整体分为若干部分。
15.
A.hints
B.warnings
C.cautions
D.schemes
A B C D
D
[解析] 逻辑衔接题。空格前的谓语为“揭发和阻止(uncover and stop)”,选项中hint意为“暗示”,warning意为“警告”,caution意为“谨慎”,scheme意为“计划,阴谋”,所以D正确。
16.
A.related
B.concerned
C.charged
D.decided
A B C D
B
[解析] 惯用搭配题。be concerned with意为“关心,参与”,其他三项惯用搭配为:be related to(与…有关),be charged with(指控某人…),decide to do sth.(打算做…)。
17.
A.by
B.to
C.as
D.for
A B C D
A
[解析] 惯用搭配题。by意为“通过…”,该句意为“大部分联邦机构是通过该机构的首字母缩写被认识的”,空格下一句是对本句的举例说明,所以A正确.be known as意为“被称作,作为…而出名”;be known to意为“为…所知”;be known for意为“因…而闻名”,initials是被认识的途径而非原因,故不用for。
[解析] 惯用搭配题。本句which引导定语从句,先行词是products,从句谓语是spend an estimated 38% of their incomes(on the products),由此可知,A正确,意为“这些产品的开支估计占顾客收入的38%”。
Translation
1. ______(鉴于所发生的情况), we decided to change the rules.
As a result of what had happened
[解析] 由题干可判断状语从句中应使用完成时态,因为发生的情况对现在造成了影响,主句是过去时,故从句应为过去完成时。“鉴于”即“由于,因为”,因此可用表达较多,如as a result of, owing to,because of等。“所发生的情况”常用what引导从句what had happened。这样答案就出来了。
2. ______(和原来的计划相比), this one is much more complete.
Compared with the original plan
[解析] 本题考查过去分词作状语的用法。“比较”可用compare with或compare to,由于计划只能被比较,故需用过去分词表被动,“原来的计划”一般译作original plan,故答案应Compared with/to the original plan。
3. The longer the period is, ______(利率越高).
the higher the interest will be
[解析] 本题考查的是the more…the more…句型。利率常译作interest rate,interest也能表示“利率”之意,此时无复数形式,复数interests意为“利益”,表利率高用high,比较级为higher,故答案the higher the interest/rate will be。
4. ______(因为手头非常缺钱), he decided to apply for the job.
Being very short of money
[解析] 本题考查现在分词作状语的用法。表示“缺钱”一般用be short of money,这里用在句首作原因状语,故将系动词用作现在分词形式,为贴合句意中的“非常”,加上very,即Being very short of money。
5. ______(如漫画所示), even a hen has learned how to promise.
As is shown in the cartoon
[解析] 本题考查as引导的非限制性定语从句的用法。as引导的非限制性定语从句中as代表主句所表达的内容,可在定语从句中作主语或宾语,意为“正如…,就像…”,它引导的从句可放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后,本题as在从句中作主语,故答案为As is shown in the cartoon。