Section A Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words given in the group.
1. was given, gave, has given, onto, off, over to The evening ______ singing and dancing.
was giyen, over to
[解析] 译文:整晚的唱歌和跳舞。evening和give之间是被动关系,而不是evening主动给,所以用was given。而give off是固定词组,意为“散发;放出”(=send out sth.,especially a liquid,gas,smoke or smell)。onto的意思是“在……上,到……上”的意思,而over做副词,意思是“完全地,从头到尾地”,give over to是沉溺于……。答案为was giyen,over to。
2. was, were The United Nations ______ formed in San Francisco in 1945.
3. few, a few, none, little, a Little A. He's studying the work of ______ known American novelist. B. His ideas are so difficult that ______ people can really understand them.
4. prefer, prefers, is, are, was, were, will be, shall be One-third of the students ______ willing to write course papers but ten percent of the teachers ______ in-class examinations.
9. Jimmy was serious when he said he wanted to be a cowboy when he grew up. We ______ (not laugh) at him. We ______ (hurt) his feeling.
shouldn't have laughed, must have hurt
[解析] 译文:吉米很认真地说,他长大了要当一个牛仔。我们不该笑话他,我们一定已经伤害了他。本题考查虚拟语气,根据句意,表达本不该做却做了的意思用should not have done,表示对已经做过了的事情的推测时用must have done。答案为shouldn't have laughed, must have hurt。
10. Listen to their laughter. They ______ (be) enjoying themselves.
must be
[解析] 译文:听那笑声,他们一定很开心。根据句意,此处用情态动词表示推测。答案为must be。
11. You ______ (not tell) Mary about the party. It's a surprise birthday party for her.
must not tell
[解析] 译文:你绝对不能告诉玛丽派对的问题。这是给她的惊喜。本题考查情态动词的用法。答案为must not tell。
12. This big stone ______ (must remove) at once.
must be removed
[解析] 译文:必须要搬走大石头。根据句意,此处应用被动语态。答案为must be removed。
13. She ______ (entitle to) a repayment of her damaged car.
is entitled to
[解析] 译文:她负责支付车的修理费用。本题考查be entitled to sth. 的用法,意思是使……有资格,应该。答案为is entitled to。
14. In 1937 a war ______ (break out) between China and the Japanese invaders. The war ______ (last) eight years, and millions of the Chinese people ______ (kill).
四、改写句子 Rewrite the following sentences as required.
1. Rewriting the following sentence by using whatever cohesive device is appropriate: John and Tom are twins, but Tom is taller than John.
John and Tom are twins, but the latter is taller than the former.
[解析] 译文:约翰和汤姆是双胞胎,但是汤姆比约翰高一些。本题要求用适当的衔接手段改写句子。名词John和Tom出现两次,语义重复,这时只要用名词性替代词the former替代John,the latter代替Tom即可。答案为John and Tom are twins, but the latter is taller than the former.
2. Combining sentences by using coordination and/or subordination: You may drive very carefully. Still you will probably have an accident eventually.
No matter how/However carefully you drive,you will probably have an accident eventually.
[解析] 译文:第一个分句意思是:你可以开车开得小心些。第二个分句意思是:你仍有可能出事故。合并在一起时意思应变为:不管你开得多小心,你仍然有可能出事故。所以用However或No matter how引导第一个分句作让步状语从句即可。答案为No matter how/However carefully you drive,you will probably have an accident eventually.
3. Using a non-finite verb: I don't think she would admit that she had sold the house.
I don't think she would admit selling the house.
[解析] 译文:我想她不会承认已经卖了这座房子。admit后加现在分词表示承认已经做过某事。答案为I don't think she would admit selling the house.
4. Using whatever cohesive device is appropriate: "What have you been doing?" "I have been reading."
What have you been doing? Reading.
[解析] 译文:——你一直在做什么?——读书。本题考查用恰当的衔接手段改写句子。可以看出题中have been出现了两次,为避免重复,第二次可以省略。答案为What have you been doing? Reading.
5. Using cleaving for place adjunct: Jack revealed Tom's scandal at the party.
It is at the party that Jack revealed Tom's scandal.
[解析] 译文:在聚会上杰克揭发了汤姆的丑闻。把要强调的地点放在it is后面改为强调句型。答案为It is at the party that Jack revealed Tom's scandal.
6. Rewriting the following sentence by using a disjunct: It is more important that the government should always be responsive to the public opinions.
More importantly, the government should always be responsive to the public opinions.
[解析] 译文:更重要的是,政府应该对公众意见作出积极反应。该句可以直接用一个评注性状语more importantly来代替It is more important。其作用是一样的。答案为More importantly, the government should always be responsive to the public opinions.
7. Combining sentences by using coordination and/or subordination: We carved their names on the stone. Our purpose was to have future generations know what they had done.
We carved their names on the stone in order that/so that future generations should/might know what they had done.
[解析] 译文:为了让后代知道他们的事迹,我们把他们的名字刻在了石头上。引导目的状语从句的连词是in order that或so that。答案为We carved their names on the stone in order that/so that future generations should/might know what they had done.
8. Using modal verbs: I just don't believe that the line has been engaged all this time. Maybe there's a fault on it.
I just don't believe that the line has been engaged all this time. There may/could/might/be a fault on it.
[解析] 译文:我不相信电话会一直占线。可能这条线路出故障了。表示“可能”的情态动词有may,could,might。答案为I just don't believe that the line has been engaged all this time. There may/could/might/be a fault on it.
9. Turning the singular nouns or noun phrases into plural forms wherever possible with other necessary changes: The passer-by stopped and put his hand into his trouser pocket.
The passers-by stopped and put their hands into their trouser pockets.
[解析] 译文:这位过路人停下来,把手放在他的裤兜里。名词变成相应的复数,其中trouser做定语不变;物主代词也变成相应的复数。答案为The passers-by stopped and put their hands into their trouser pockets.
10. Using whatever cohesive device is appropriate: John likes boxing, but Joan hates boxing.
John likes boxing, but Joan hates it.
[解析] 译文:约翰喜欢拳击。但是琼不喜欢。本题要求用适当的衔接手段改写句子。名词boxing出现两次,语义重复,这时只要将第二次出现的boxing用替代词it替代即可。答案为John likes boxing, but Joan hates it.
11. Using discontinuity: He was so excited that he did not know what to do by the news.
He was so excited by the news that he did not know what to do.
[解析] 本题考查分隔的用法。分隔是把分句的某一部分移走,本句把后置修饰语和被修饰的名词分隔开。答案为He was so excited by the news that he did not know what to do.
12. Writing a counter-factual conditional based on the given fact: You lived far away. That's why we didn't visit you frequently.
If you hadn't lived so far away, we would have visited you more frequently.
[解析] 译文:你住得很远。那就是我们不常拜访你的原因。与过去相反的非真实条件句应为“要是你不住得那么远的话,我们就可以经常拜访你了”。答案为If you hadn't lived so far away, we would have visited you more frequently.
五、简答题 Answer the following questions.
1. Name at least five methods of word-formation and cite examples for each.
①composition e.g. manservant; ②blending e.g. motel (motor+hotel); ③back-formation e.g. advise (from advisor); ④shortening e.g. ad (advertisement); ⑤acronyms e.g. UN (the United Nations).
2. What are attributive adjectives and predicative adjectives?
Attributive adjectives mean an adjective generally modifies a noun. It can stand either before or after the noun in a noun phrase—premodifier and post modifier as they are respectively called. Predicative adjectives mean an adjective which also modifies a noun by way of serving as a subject complement or an object complement, in which case the adjective performs the predicative function.