Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. In the rarefied world of the corporate board, a good network matters. 1 often involves word-of-mouth recommendations: getting on a 2 is easier if you have the right connections. New research suggests men use 3 better than women. Marie Lalanne and Paul Seabright of the Toulouse School of Economics 4 the effect of a network on 5 using a database of board members in Europe and America. They find that if you were to compare two executive directors, 6 in every way except that one had 200 ex-colleagues now 7 boards and the other 400, the latter, 8 , would be paid 6% more. For non-executives the gap is 14% The really 9 finding concerns the difference between the sexes. Among executive-board members, women earn 17% less than their male 10 . There are plenty of plausible explanations for this 11 , from interruptions to women's careers to old-fashioned 12 . But the authors find that this pay gap can be fully 13 by the effect of executives' networks. Men can leverage a large network into more senior positions or a seat on a more 14 board ; women don't seem to be able to. Women could just have 15 connections with members of their networks. "Women seem more inclined to build and rely on only a few strong relationships," says Mr. Seabright. Men are better at developing 16 acquaintances into a network, and better at maintaining a high personal 17 through these contacts. Women may, of course, also be hurt by the existing 18 of men on boards and a male 19 for filling executive positions with other men. But a tendency to think of other men first will be 20 if talented women don't stay on the radar.
[解析] 本题是固定搭配题，maintain a high personal profile意为“保持高姿态”，其他选项均不能构成这样的搭配。
18.
A.monopoly
B.transaction
C.dominance
D.surveillance
A B C D
C
[解析] 本题是名词词义辨析题，空格处所填入的名词与men on boards(董事会的男性)搭配，因此monopoly(垄断)、transaction(交易)都不合适，而surveillance(监督)虽然能够与人搭配，但显然董事会的男性和女性并不存在监督和被监督的关系，故也排除，由此可知作者想要表达男性对董事会的主导。
Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Text 1 In the last ten years, the Internet has opened up incredible amounts of information to ordinary citizens. But using the Internet can be like walking into a library where the books are all lying on the floor in piles. While tools like Google allow some structured search, much of the data from such searches is outdated or of questionable value. Some Web enthusiasts, have taken up the task of organizing information through a democratic means that only the Interne t allows: an encyclopedia of the people, by the people, and completely free to copy and distribute. This "people's encyclopedia" of the Web—a free site called Wikipedia—has provided a unique solution by inviting individuals to participate in the process of rationalizing and updating Web content. At the heart of this movement are wikis, Web sites that allow users to directly edit any Web page with one click of the mouse. Wikipedia—the largest example of these collaborative efforts—is a functioning, user-contributed online encyclopedia that has become a popular and highly regarded reference in just three years of existence. The goal of Wikipedia was to create an encyclopedia that could be shared and copied freely while encouraging people to change and improve the content. Each and every article has an "Edit this page" button, allowing anyone, even anonymous passers-by, to add or delete any content on the page. It seems like a recipe for disaster and chaos, but it has produced surprisingly credible content that has been evaluated and revised by the thousands of international visitors to the site. For many, it finally realizes the original concept of World Wide Web creator Tim Berners-Lee—an online environment where people not only browse content, but freely and actively exchange information. The Wikipedia project was started by Jimmy Wales, head of Internet startup Bomis. corn, after his original project for a volunteer, but strictly controlled, free encyclopedia ran out of money and resources after two years. Editors with PhD degrees were at the helm of the project then, but it produced only a few hundred articles. Not wanting the content to languish, Wales placed the pages on a wiki website in January 2001 and invited any Internet visitor to edit or add to the collection. The site became a runaway success in the first year and gained a loyal following, generating over 20,000 articles and spawning over a dozen language translations. After two years, it had 100,000 articles, and in April 2004, it exceeded 250,000 articles in English and 600,000 articles in 50 other languages. Over 2,000 new articles are added each day across all the various languages. And according to website rankings at Alexa. com, it has become more popular than traditional online encyclopedias such as Britannica. com and is one of the top 600 most heavily visited websites on the Internet.
1. The author called Wikipedia "people's encyclopedia" because ______.
A.it is accessible to all the passers-by
B.it can be edited by everyone
C.it is run by ordinary people
D.it is built to the taste of common citizens
A B C D
B
[解析] 本题是推理判断题，根据题干定位到全文第二段。该段第二个破折号之后的部分对people's encyclopedia的功能做了详细的解释：provided a unique solution by inviting individuals to participate in the process of rationalizing and updating Web content. 可以推知其主要特性是允许每个人对网站内容进行编辑。
2. What's the goal of Wikipedia according to the text?
A.To create a people's encyclopedia that is free to share and copy.
B.To produce a credible and authoritative reference tool.
C.To create an online environment where people freely exchange information.
D.To create a volunteer, but strictly controlled, free encyclopedia.
A B C D
A
[解析] 本题是事实细节题，根据题干定位在第三段。第二句指出“The goal of Wikipedia was to create an encyclopedia that could be shared and copied freely...”，可知维基百科的目标是创造一部能够被免费共享和复制的百科全书，A项是对该句的同义复现。
3. The word "languish" (Line 4, Para. 4) is closest in meaning to ______.
5. Which of the following is true about Wikipedia?
A.It, has once run into trouble.
B.There existed disaster and chaos in the beginning.
C.Many articles of it are outdated or of questionable value.
D.It has been a great success from the beginning.
A B C D
D
[解析] 本题是事实细节题，根据选项定位到最后一段，最后一段首句指出The site became a runaway success in the first year，由此可知维基百科一开始就大获成功。
Text 2 Rebel uprising kills seventy! Plane crash leaves no survivors! Rock star dies of overdose! Evening newscasts and metropolitan newspapers scream the bad news, the sensational, and the action. Audiences of today focus upon the sensational action, the violence, the loss, the terror. Individually, our lives are redirected, our worlds reshaped, and our images changed. While wary of the danger of change, we human beings surrender daily to exploitation of values, opportunities, and sensitivity. The evolution has brought us to the point that we believe little of what is presented to us as good and valuable; instead, we opt for suspicion and disbelief, demanding proof and something for nothing. Therein lies the danger for the writer seeking to break into the market of today. Joumalists sell sensationalism. The journalist who loses sight of the simple truth and opts only for the sensation loses the audience over the long run. Only those seeking a short-term thrill are interested in following the joumalistic thinking. How, then do we capture the audience of today and hold it, when the competition for attention is so fierce? The answer is writing to convey action, and the way to accomplish this is a simple one-action verbs. The writer whose product suspends time for the reader or viewer is the successful writer whose work is sought and reread. Why? Time often will melt away in the face of the reality of life's little responsibilities for the reader. Instead of puzzling over a more active and more accurate verb, some joumalists often limp through passive voice and useless tense to squeeze the life out of an action-filled world and fill their writing with missed opportunities to appeal to the reader who seeks that moment of suspended time. Recently, a reporter wrote about observing the buildings in a community robbed by rebel uprising as "thousands of bullet holes were in the hotel. " A very general observation. Suppose he had written, "The hotel was pocked with bullet holes. " The visual image conjured up by the latter is far superior to the former. Here is the reader.., comfortable in the easy chair before the fire with the dog at his feet. The verb "pocked" speaks to him. The journalist missed the opportunity to convey the reality.
1. Why do the media always report sensational topics?
A.Journalists of today are excited about conveying these topics.
B.Newscasts and newspapers pay the utmost attention to these topics.
C.These topics hold greater appeal for the public than any other topics.
D.Audiences of today don't believe what is good and valuable.
A B C D
C
[解析] 本题是推理判断题，根据题干定位到第四段前两句，第三段段末给出了造成了新闻报道充斥着轰动性话题的原因：我们很少相信那些正面的、富有价值的报道。相反，我们选择怀疑和不信任，要求提供证据，甚至是捕风捉影。第四段首句指出“There in lies me danger for the writer seeking to break into the market of today.”(这就为那些打算进入今天的新闻市场的新闻作家埋下了危险)，暗示正是读者对待新闻的不同态度导致了新闻报道的变化。
2. Being anxious to capture the reader's attention, some journalists ______.
A.attempt to add spice to writing with invented incidents
B.utilize events and actions to compete with each other
C.exploit the short attention span and sensationalize the story
D.report only the unfamiliar incidents to seek short-term thrill
Text 3 Gene therapy and gene based drugs are two ways we could benefit from our growing mastery of genetic science. But there will be others as well. Here is one of the remarkable therapies on the cutting edge of genetic research that could make their way into mainstream medicine in the coming years. While it's true that just about every cell in the body has the instructions to make a complete human, most of those instructions are inactivated, and with good reason: the last thing you want for your brain cells is to start churning out stomach acid or your nose to turn into a kidney. The only time cells truly have the potential to turn into any and all body parts is very early in a pregnancy, when so called stem cells haven't begun to specialize. Yet this untapped potential could be a terrific boon to medicine. Most diseases involve the death of healthy cells—brain cells in Alzheimer's, cardiac cells in heart disease, pancreatic cells in diabetes, to name a few; if doctors could isolate stem cells, then direct their growth, they might be able to furnish patients with healthy replacement tissue. It was incredibly difficult, but last fall scientists at the University of Wisconsin managed to isolate stem cells and get them to grow into neural, gut, muscle and bone cells. The process still can't be controlled, and may have unforeseen limitations; but if efforts to understand and master stem cell development prove successful, doctors will have a therapeutic tool of incredible power. The same applies to cloning, which is really just the other side of the coin. True cloning, as first shown with the sheep Dolly two years ago, involves taking a developed cell and reactivating the genome within, resetting its developmental instructions to a pristine state. Once that happens, the rejuvenated cell can develop into a full-fledged animal, genetically identical to its parent. For agriculture, in which purely physical characteristics like milk production in a cow or low fat in a hog have real market value, biological carbon copies could become routine within a few years. This past year scientists have done for mice and cows what Ian Wilmut did for Dolly, and other creatures are bound to join the cloned menagerie in the coming year. Human cloning, on the other hand, may be technically feasible but legally and emotionally more difficult. Still, one day it will happen. The ability to reset body cells to a pristine, undeveloped state could give doctors exactly the same advantages they would get from stem cells: the potential to make healthy body tissues of all sorts, and thus to cure disease. That could prove to be a true "miracle cure".
1. The writer holds that the potential to make healthy body tissues will ______.
A.aggravate moral issues of human cloning
B.bring great benefits to human beings
C.help scientists decode body instructions
D.involve employing surgical instruments
A B C D
B
[解析] 本题是观点态度题，根据题干定位到第三段。第二段段末指出“...cells truly have the potential to turn into any and all body parts...”(细胞具有发展成为身体组织的潜能)。由此可以推知，第三段的第一句中的“this untapped potential”指的正是细胞的这种繁殖潜能。作者随即指出这种潜能“...could be a terrific boon to medicine”，可以通过推动药物的发展，从而使人类获益。
2. The word "rejuvenated" (Para. 5) most probably means ______.
A.modified
B.recollected
C.classified
D.reactivated
A B C D
D
[解析] 本题为语义理解题，根据题干定位到第五段，由线索“Once that happens...”可知，“rejuvenated”和前一句的“reactivating”有着时间上的继承性和意义上的对照关系，二者构成同义复现。
3. The research at the University of Wisconsin is mentioned to show ______.
A.the isolation of stem cells
B.the effects of gene therapies
C.the advantages of human cloning
D.the limitations of tissue replacements
A B C D
A
[解析] 本题为事实细节题，根据题干定位到第四段，由第四段第一句“...the University, of Wisconsin managed to isolate stem cells...”可知，虽然研究很困难，但这所大学还是在去年秋天设法分裂了干细胞。
4. Which of the following is true according to the text?
A.The principle of gene therapy is applicable to that of cloning.
B.The isolation of stem cells is too difficult to be feasible.
C.It is reasonable for all body instructions to be activated.
D.Cloned animals will eventually take control of the world.
A B C D
A
[解析] 本题是事实细节题，根据选项定位到本文第五段，第五段第一句话指出“the same applies to cloning”，表明其实基因治疗的原理和克隆的原理两者完全是可以通用的。
5. Towards the genetic research, the author's attitude can best be said to be that of ______.
A.frustration
B.indifference
C.amazement
D.opposition
A B C D
C
[解析] 本题是观点态度题，根据题干定位到全文，需要对作者态度进行综合分析。作者尽管提到有困难，但科学家们正在谈论克服困难的办法而且非常努力，并且作者最后说道“That could prove to be a true 'miraclecure'”，当真正使用克隆技术为人类治疗的时候，那将会是真正的“神奇疗法”，足见作者本身对基因科学感到非常惊奇。
Text 4 As long as her parents can remember, 13-year-old Katie Hart has been talking about going to college. Her mother, Tally, a financial-aid officer at a California University, knows all too well the daunting thing of paying for a college education. Last year the average yearly tuition at a private, four-year school climbed 5.5 percent to more than $17,000. The Harts have started saving, and figure they can afford a public university without a problem. But what if Katie applies to Princeton (she's threatening), where one year's tuition, room and board—almost $ 34,000 in 2007—will cost more than some luxury cars? Even a number cruncher like Tally admits it's a little scary, especially since she'll retire and Katie will go to college at around the same time. Paying for college has always been a hard endeavor. The good news: last year students collected $74 billion in financial aid, the most ever. Most families pay less than full freight. Sixty percent of public-university students and three quarters of those at private colleges receive some form of financial aid— mostly, these days, in the form of loans. But those numbers are not as encouraging as they appear for lower-income families, because schools are changing their formulas for distributing aid. Eager to boost their magazine rankings, which are based in part on the test scores of entering freshmen, they're throwing more aid at smarter kids—whether they need it or not. The best way to prepare is to start saving early. A new law passed last year makes that easier for some families. So-called 529 plans allow parents to sock away funds in federal-tax-free-investment accounts, as long as the money is used for "qualified education expenses" like tuition, room and board. The plans aren't for everyone. For tax reasons, some lower and middle income families may be better off choosing other investments. But saving is vital. When's the best time to start? "Sometime," says Jack Joyce of the College Board, "between the maternity ward and middle school." Aid packages usually come in some combination of grants, loans and jobs. These days 60 percent of all aid comes in the form of low-interest loans. All students are eligible for "unsubsidized" federal Stafford loans, which let them defer interest payments until after graduation. Students who can demonstrate need can also qualify for federal Perkins loans or "subsidized" Staffords, where the government pays the interest during school. Fortunately, this is a borrower's market. "Interest rates are at their lowest level in the history of student loans," says Mark Kantrowitz, publisher of Finaid. Kantrowitz expects rates to fall even further when they're reviewed this summer. Traditional scholarships, academic or athletic, are still a part of many families' planning. Mack Reiter, a 17-year-old national wrestling champion, gets so many recruiting letters he throws most away. He'll almost certainly get a free ride. Without it, "we would really be in a bind," says his mother, Janet. For everyone else, it's worth the effort to pick through local and national scholarship offerings, which can be found on Web sites like collegeboard. com.
1. What does the author intend to illustrate with the example of the Harts?
A.The difficulty of paying the tuition.
B.The far-sight of the parents.
C.The promising future of Katie.
D.The increasing tuition in the university.
A B C D
A
[解析] 本题是事实细节题，根据题干定位到第一段，从“the daunting thing of paying for a college education”(支付大学学费这件恐怖的事)和“One year's tuition, room and board—almost $34,000 in 2007—will cost more than some luxury cars”(一年的学费、住宿费高达34000美元，比豪华车还要贵)这些细节，以及段末塔莉妈妈对自己将于女儿入学的时候退休的担忧，可知哈特一家的例子是为了说明支付学费的困难。
2. What can we infer from the second paragraph?
A.Some families are too poor to pay the full amount of the tuition.
B.The parents do not favor the form of loans.
C.Paying the tuition makes the parents feel humble.
D.Those who are in great need may not get what they need.
A B C D
D
[解析] 本题是推理判断题，根据题干定位到第二段，第二段最后一句指出“Eager to boost their magazine rankings, which are based in part on me test scores of entering freshmen, they're throwing more aid at smarter kids-whether they need it or not.”学校为了提高其杂志排名，就在经济上给予那些比较聪明的孩子较大的帮助，不管他们需不需要帮助。由此可以推知，学校倾向于将经济援助发给那些聪明但可能并不需要帮助的学生，而急需帮助的学生并不一定就能获得帮助。
3. The last paragraph suggests that ______.
A.many recruiting letters failed to provide Mack Reiter with scholarships
B.Mack Reiter wanted to help his family go out of the trouble
C.traditional scholarships are a good solution to the tuition problems in some families
D.Mack Reiter was very proud of his national wrestling championship
A B C D
C
[解析] 本题是推理判断题，根据题干定位到最后一段，最后一段首句“Traditional scholarships, academic or athletic, are still a part of many families planning.”指出“许多家庭还在依赖传统的奖学金，不管是学习上的还是体育上的。”，紧接着用麦克的例子证明这一点，而麦克妈妈的话“Without it, we would really be in a bind”(如果没有这项奖学金，我们真的要陷入困境了)也验证了体育奖学金作为传统奖学金的一种对这个家庭的作用。
4. What does the author mean by "better off"(Line 4, Paragraph 3)?
Part B Directions: The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A～G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraph F has been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. A. With the drive of many women to strive to be equal with men, many women have chosen to work to prove themselves. While this is a worthy goal, it can be accomplished in more meaningful ways. With this desire to work like men do, women have sacrificed the family in their pursuit. Do not take this as an attack upon women, because men in their pursuit of wealth have equally sacrificed their family to gain wealth. B. Governments, too, should embrace the potential of women. Women complain (rightly) of centuries of exploitation. Yet, to an economist, women are not exploited enough: they are the world's most under-utilized resource; getting more of them into work is part of the solution to many economic woes, including shrinking populations and poverty. C. What is clear is that in countries such as Japan, Germany and Italy, which are all troubled by the demographics of shrinking populations, far fewer women work than in America, let alone Sweden. If female labor-force participation in these countries rose to American levels, it would give a helpful boost to these countries' growth rates. Likewise, in developing countries where girls are less likely to go to school than boys, investing in education would deliver huge economic and social returns. Not only will educated women be more productive, but they will also bring up better educated and healthier children. More women in government could also boost economic growth: studies show that women are more likely to spend money on improving health, education, infrastructure and poverty and less likely to waste it on tanks and bombs. D. Furthermore, the increase in female employment in the rich world has been the main driving force of growth in the past couple of decades. Those women have contributed more to global GDP growth than have either new technology or the new giants, China and India. Add the value of housework and child rearing, and women probably account for just over half of world output. It is true that women still get paid less and few make it to the top of companies, but as prejudice fades over coming years, women will have great scope to boost their productivity—and incomes. E. Girls get better grades at school than boys, and in most developed countries more women than men go to university. Women will thus be better equipped for the new jobs of the 21st century, in which brains count a lot more than brawn. In Britain far more women than men are now being trained to become doctors. And women are more likely to provide sound advice on investing their parents' nest egg: surveys show that women consistently achieve higher financial returns than men do. F. Some people fret that if more women work rather than mind their children, this will boost GDP but create negative social externalities, such as a lower birth rate. Yet developed countries where more women work, such as Sweden and America, actually have higher birth rates than Japan and Italy, where women stay at home. Others fear that women's move into the paid labor force can come at the expense of children. Yet the evidence for this is mixed. For instance, a study by Suzanne Bianchi at Maryland University finds that mothers spent the same time, on average, on childcare in 2009 as in 1965. The increase in work outside the home was offset by less housework—and less spare time and less sleep. G. Even today in the modem, developed world, surveys show that parents still prefer to have a boy rather than a girl. One longstanding reason why boys have been seen as a greater blessing has been that they are expected to become better economic providers for their parents' old age. Yet it is time for parents to think again. Girls may now be a better investment. order:
1.
G
[解析] 浏览各个选项发现B、C、D三项首句分别出现“too”，“What is clear is...”，“Furthermore”等暗示承接上文的线索，因此排除这三项做句首的可能。同时通读各个选项可以大致判断本文讨论的话题是女性在经济、社会方面的重要性，而G项段末的“Girls may now be a better investment”正好是对这个话题最佳的提纲挈领故G项排在首段。
2.
E
[解析] G段段末指出女孩儿是最佳的投资，按照逻辑，下文应该具体介绍女孩儿成为最佳投资的原因，E段段首“Girls get better grades at school than boys, and in most developed countries more women than men go to university”即出现了呼应G段的关键词girls，又是对女孩儿如何成为最佳投资的解释，故E段排在第二段。
[解析] D段段末提到了女性在提高生产率和收入方面具有很大的提升空间，这正和B段段首的“embrace the potential of women”呼应，同时B段段末提到了“getting more of them into work is part of the solution to many economic woes”又和已给段落F段段首的“some people fret if more women work...”呼呼应，可以判定B段在这两段间承上启下的位置，故B段排在第四段。
Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. I think that a successful old age is easiest for those who have strong impersonal interests involving appropriate activities. It is in this sphere that long experience is really fruitful, and it is in this sphere that the wisdom born of experience can be exercised without being oppressive. It is no use telling grown-up children not to make mistakes, both because they will not believe you, .and because mistakes are an essential part of education. But if you are one of those who are incapable of impersonal interests, you may find that your life will be empty unless you concern yourself with your children and grandchildren. In that case you must realize that while you can still render them material services, such as making them an allowance or knitting them jumpers, you must not expect that they will enjoy your company. Some old people are oppressed by the fear of death. In the young there is a justification for this feeling. Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have been cheated of the best things that life has to offer. But in an old man who has known human joys and sorrows, and has achieved whatever work it was in him to do, the fear of death is somewhat abject and ignoble. The best way to overcome it—so at least it seems to me—is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal, until bit by bit the walls of the ego recede, and your life becomes increasingly merged in the universal life. An individual human existence should be like a river—small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past rocks and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being. The man who, in old age, can see his life in this way, will not suffer from the fear of death, since the things he cares for will continue. And if, with the decay of vitality, weariness increases, the thought of rest will not be unwelcome. I should wish to die while still at work, knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do and content in the thought that what was possible has been done.
1. Directions: You are a freshman and planning to apply for a bank loan. Write a letter to the bank to 1) introduce yourself briefly, 2) explain the reasons of applying for a bank loan. Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.
Dear Sir or Madam, I am a freshman from Beijing Hongwu University. I am now writing this letter to apply for a bank loan. I hope that you can approve my application. I was born in a small town in Jiangxi Province. My parents are both farmers. As you can expect, it is very difficult for them to cover my tuition fee. In the meanwhile, the living cost in Beijing is quite high and I need the help from the bank to Support both my study and life in Beijing. Along with this letter, I have sent you the copy of my high school grade report, college admission notice, and a recommendation letter from my department. Please let me know if you need anything else. Thank you very much!
Yours truly, Li Ming
Part B
1. Directions: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawings. In your essay, you should: 1) describe the drawing briefly; 2) explain its intended meaning, and then 3) state your points of view. Yon should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
The drawing depicts a rather ironic scene in which a leader is lecturing on the other one about fire prevention while he himself is jeopardizing the environment with a lighting cigarette in his hand. It indicates that nowadays, a large number of leaders cannot set a good example for others thus prohibit the designed policies from being strictly followed by others. Many problems might arise from such misbehavior of leaders. Firstly, many people will not take the instructions or policies so seriously as they are supposed to. They may cite the example of the misbehaving leaders to exempt themselves from behaving themselves. Secondly, it will harm the authority of those leaders and set obstacles against their future leadership. It takes years to build up authority but it only takes minutes to destroy it. What those leaders might face in the future will be the inability of gaining trust and support from his fellow people. Given what is stated in the drawing, we should take immediate action to change this situation. It is high time that the leaders re-examined their behavior and disciplined themselves more strictly. Only in this way could they win more trust and support.
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