Part Ⅰ Writing Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: Will Computers Replace Us? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given in Chinese:
Will Computers Replace Us? As is the case we can see, the rapid development of computer technology is exerting profound impact on our life, almost in every aspect. In addition to the use in working, computers are finding their way into the home. They are so intelligent that they seem to be able to solve all problems, consequently, some say that it will sooner or later take the place of human beings. As for me, I firmly hold the view that there is no such possibility on the grounds that computers are but machines, made by humans. They can only do as humans instruct them and our tasks are far too complicated for any machines to undertake, For human, there is one thing that computers can never accomplish, that is, the former can make decision by their own while the latter can do nothing unless they are programmed. In my opinion, computers will remain nothing but an extension of human brains, no matter how clever and sophisticated they will become.
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Directions: In this part ,you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly. Y(for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N(for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG(for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 8 -10, complete the sentences with information given in the passage.
Managerial Functions Managerial work typically is broken into the following seven managerial functions: planning, organizing, staffing, directing, controlling, representing, and innovating. The two-way arrows between these functions in Figure D-1 show that these functions interact with each other. Figure D-1 also shows that decision making and communication are the coordinative processes that tie these functions together. Managers must be skilled in these coordinative processes and functions if they are to accomplish their goals through the efforts of other people. Planning The process of establishing and clarifying objectives, determining the policies and procedures necessary to meet the objectives, and preparing a plan of action is called planning. An objective is what one wants to accomplish. One way for a manager to identify areas in which a company should establish objectives is to consider the relationships and resources that are necessary to its survival and success. This will lead to objectives concerning the type and quality of goods produced and the desired relationship of the company to its customers, suppliers, employees, stockholders, and the surrounding community. Figure D-1 Management Functions and Coordination Processes Organizing Once objectives and policies are established, the manager must determine the activities necessary to achieve the objectives and provide for the coordination of authority relationships among the persons who will be performing these activities. If a firm is running smoothly, it may seem to an outsider that the whole process is relatively simple. Goods are shipped on time because they have been made and stored in advance of receiving an order and because the proper packaging and transportation facilities are available when needed. Actually this smooth flow could not have been accomplished without an efficient organization operating under competent managerial supervision. The specific elements of the organizing function of management were covered in the previous chapter. Staffing In the staffing function the manager attempts to recruit, hire, train, and develop the right person for each job. This is an ongoing managerial activity since people quit, are promoted, are transferred, are discharged, or retire. In the case of a growing company, new positions are created that must be filled. Staffing is not solely the responsibility of the human resources department. Effective staffing requires that managers observe their subordinates' performance, noting strengthes and seeking to remove weaknesses by careful counseling and training programs. Because the staffing function covers a multitude of activities that are increasingly being constrained by legislation, the next chapter will deal with this subject more extensively. Directing When one thinks of management in general, one may think almost instinctively of the three basic elements of the directing function: leadership, motivation, and communication. This is quite understandable since directing involves the ability to guide and motivate subordinates to achieve the objectives of the enterprise while at the same time building an enduring relationship between the subordinates and the enterprise. A relationship of this sort is based on the recognition that subordinates have goals that must be satisfied to some degree if they are to contribute effectively to the activity over time. The three elements of directing--leadership, motivation, and communication--are discussed later in the chapter. Controlling The managerial function that measures current performance against expected results and takes the necessary action to reach the goals is called controlling. Specifically, the control process consists of four steps: 1. Deciding what should be accomplished or what will constitute good performance. 2. Measuring current actual performance in quantitative terms if possible. 3. Comparing current performance with standards of expected performance. 4. Taking corrective action, if needed, so as to achieve or exceed the desired results in the future. Innovating The story goes that Henry Ford once hired an efficiency expert to evaluate his company. After a few weeks, the expert made his report. It was highly favorable except for one thing. "It's that man down the hall," said the expert. "Every time I go by his office he's just sitting there with his feet on the desk. He's wasting your money." "That man," replied Mr. Ford, "once had an idea that saved us millions of dollars. At that time, I believe his feet were planted right where they are now!" Alert managers realize that their companies cannot stand still. Remaining ahead of competition requires corporate leadership dedicated to the principle that innovation and risk-taking are the lifeblood of the company. Smart companies know that money alone does not produce innovation; Most successful programs begin with an individual and succeed in a management climate that encourages creative thinking, risk-taking, and initiative. Thus, the innovating function is based on two elements: the company's innovative climate and the individual innovator. Representing Civil affairs ,politics, governmental, dealings, and other “outside ”obligation have come co consume a huge amount of executive time at the top level of American businesses. Some CEOs (Chief Executive Officers) resent participation in these activities, which they feel take up the time they should be giving to the internal affairs of their companies. But most top-level managers increasingly recognize the importance of the representing function that brings them into contact with the world outside the company, participation in representing activities gives them an opportunity to explain the ways of business to the public, helps them to manage crises, and allows them to develop anticipative management.
1. If managers are to achieve their goals through the efforts of other people , they must be skilled in seven managerial functions discussed in the passage.
2. A manager's consideration of the relationships and resources is essential to a company's survival and success.
Y
该句句意为：经理对于关系与资源的考虑对于公司生存和成功是必要的，该句与本文文意吻合。
3. Once objectives and policies are established, the manager just let other people perform the activities necessary for achieving the goal without doing anything else himself.
8. Specifically, the control process is made up of ______ steps.
four
答案依据为文章第七段最后一句话。
9. According to the passage, ______ contribute to most successful programs in smart companies.
creative thinking，rise-taking，and initiative
答案依据为文章第十三段倒数第二句话。
10. Most top-level managers increasingly recognize that participation in ______ gives them an opportunity to explain the ways of business to the public and helps them to manage crises.
representing activities
representing activities．答案依据为文章最后一段最后一句话。
Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension
Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) , and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Question 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
[解析] W: Have you heard of the new fitness centre they're building downtown? M: Yeah. I can hardly wait for it to open. Q: What does the man mean?
2.
A.The woman is mailing them to Gary's old address.
B.The post office is sending them to the woman's house.
C.They are being held to Gary's apartment.
D.They are being held at the post office.
A B C D
B
[解析] W: Gary, why is it that whenever I open my mailbox lately, I pull out letters addressed to you? M: Because until I find a new apartment, I'm having the post office forward my mail to you. Q: What is happening to Gary's letters?
3.
A.She has gotten behind in her work.
B.Her computer is the latest model.
C.She keeps her computer at home.
D.She doesn't have a computer.
A B C D
D
[解析] M: Boy! How quickly technology changes! So many people have a computer in their home nowadays. W: I know. I feel so behind the times. Q: What can be inferred about the woman?
4.
A.Dan isn't a very good violinist.
B.Someone else should make the introductions.
C.There will be other musicians to be introduced.
D.It's rather late to ask Dan to slow down.
A B C D
B
[解析] W: Let's ask Dan to introduce the musicians to the audience at the beginning of the concert. M: Ask Dan? He'll be playing the violin. Q: What does the man mean?
5.
A.Writing an article.
B.Studying for a chemistry test.
C.Shopping for shoes.
D.Reading a magazine.
A B C D
B
[解析] W: There's an article here in this magazine you might find interesting. It's about buying running shoes. M: If it were not for chemistry and the final exam were not drawing near, I could read it now. Q: What is the man probably doing?
6.
A.Stop bothering the woman.
B.Take the woman's book with him.
C.Show the woman how to get to the library.
D.Ask someone else to go to the library.
A B C D
B
[解析] W: Tom, could I bother you for a moment? I need someone to return this book to the library for me. M: That's no bother at all. I'm on my way there now. Q: What will the man probably do next?
7.
A.He has bad study habits.
B.He sleeps too much.
C.He wakes up early.
D.He's an excellent student.
A B C D
A
[解析] M: I'm exhausted. I stayed up the whole night studying for my history mid-term exam. W: Why do you always wait till the last minute? Q: What can we learn about the man?
8.
A.The library is closed tonight.
B.He doesn't know how to get to the library.
C.Jean is using his car.
D.He won't be able to help the woman.
A B C D
D
[解析] W: Do you think you could give me a ride to the library tonight? M: I'd like to, but I'm heading in the other direction. I'm meeting Jean tonight. Q: What does the man mean?
Question 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
[解析] 19-22 W: Nowadays, more and more people like to go traveling in their spare time. Do you enjoy traveling? M: Yes, I like it very much. If I have time, I always go traveling. W: If the journey lasts more than 2 hours, it seems very boring to most people. What do you do to prevent boredom on a long journey? M: If I go on a journey, I try and take a particular magazine, a novel, a newspaper and my walkman. And I try and read for fifteen minutes and listen to the walkman for fifteen minutes, then get up to go and buy a cup of tea. I try and have various things to do throughout the journey so that the journey does not seem as long and boring as it can often be. W: What about crossword puzzles? M: No,I don't really bother with crossword puzzles. W: What about engaging in conversations with people? M: Well, I think this might be another English thing. I just don't do it. Partly because ! think they might think I'm taking liberties in talking to them. But if somebody starts to talk to me and if they are interesting, then I'll talk to them. If they are boring, then the walkman goes on. W: I see. You don't want other people to invade your space. M: That's it. 19. Which is NOT mentioned in the conversation?
2.
A.The man likes traveling.
B.The man always likes talking with people on a long journey.
C.The man does not play crosswords puzzles on a long journey.
D.The man likes doing different things on a long journey.
A B C D
B
[解析] Which of the following statements is NOT true?
3.
A.English people are probably not friendly to strangers.
B.English people are reserved.
C.English people are very strange.
D.English people think talking to strangers is rude.
A B C D
D
[解析] What does the sentence "This might be another English thing" really mean?
4.
A.Read a particular magazine.
B.Listen to the walkman.
C.Buy a cup of coffee.
D.Read a novel.
A B C D
C
[解析] Which one of the following is NOT a good means to avoid boredom on a long journey according to the man?
Question 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
[解析] 23-25 W: David, can I give you a hand with one of those grocery bags? M: Sure, Nancy. Could you take this one please? I didn't realize how heavy these bags would be. W: Why did you buy so much stuff when you have to walk back home from the store? M: Well, I didn't intend to buy a lot. But I'm having some people over, and I guess I needed more than I expected. W: What's the occasion? M: Now the people ! live with, the Kremers, have been on vacation for a month and I thought I'd surprise them. I'm inviting some of their friends and families for a welcome home dinner. W: Oh, that's really thoughtful of you. M: I figure it's the least I can do for them. They've been letting me stay with them rent-free while I'm in school. W: Really? That's pretty generous of them. M: Well, they understand how difficult it is to make ends meet when you're a student. They've been such a big help to me. I thought that this might be a small way to thank them for their generosity. 23. What is David trying to do?
2.
A.He didn't expect to buy a lot.
B.He had only one bag of groceries.
C.The supermarket is just down the block.
D.He thought he'd get a ride with the Kramers.
A B C D
A
[解析] Why did David think he would't have a problem?
3.
A.They are paying for his education.
B.They invited him to their party.
C.They took him on a vacation with them.
D.They let him live with them for free
A B C D
D
[解析] Why is David appreciative of the Kremers?
Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
[解析] 26-28 Like most other folk art, the calendar pictures were not considered to be art in their own day. People just thought of them as a way of decorating a practical object. In fact, the calendar pictures were originally printed as advertising for various companies that made hunting or fishing products, like guns or fishing rods. The calendars were handed out free to the customers to thank them for the business. Most people just hung the calendars on their walls with the pictures faded in the sun and then tore the pictures off the calendar as each month passed. As a result, collectors today place a lot of value on the calendars that are complete and in good condition. Even though the people who used the calendars didn't regard them as art, the original paintings were often of good quality. In fact, many famous wild life painters created calendar art at some point in their lives. To them it was a way of getting their work reproduced and shown around. One interesting thing is the way these pictures reflect changing attitudes towards wild life. The pictures often portray the adventure of hunting rather than any particular concern for wild life preservation, But most of today's wild life art shows animals in their natural surroundings without any humans in the scene. This modern wild life art appeals to a large number of the nature lovers, even those who are opposed to the practice of hunting. 26. According to the speaker, why is it difficult to find calendar pictures that are in good condition?
2.
A.The excitement of hunting.
B.The beauty of nature.
C.The relaxation of fishing.
D.The protection of endangered species.
A B C D
A
[解析] What was the theme of many early wild life calendars?
3.
A.To let many people see their works.
B.To earn money from the sale of calendars.
C.To portray the cruelty of hunting.
D.To create gifts for people who bought them.
A B C D
A
[解析] According to the speaker, why did the artists want to produce the work for calendars?
Passage Two Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
[解析] 29-32 For the past few weeks we have been discussing national energy conservation alternatives for the future. Today I am going to talk about what one community is presently doing to conserve energy. The people of Davis, California, have succeeded in cutting their energy consumption by one third since 1973. The first energy-saving action that was taken in the early 70's was the legislation of strict building codes. All new houses in Davis must have the proper insulation so that heat will not escape unnecessarily during the winter. New houses must also face north or south so that they will not be overheated by the sun in summer. The laws have had a definite effect. Since 1976 there has been a 50 percent saving in the amount of natural gas and electricity used in heating and air-conditioning. There are other energy-saving features about Davis. Buses, partially supported by the city, transport university students throughout the area. There are 24 miles of bicycle paths, and today there are twice as many bicycles as cars in the city. By reducing the available parking space, the City Council has succeeded in reducing the number of cars in the city every day. Another benefit of the reduced parking is the greater number of small cars. People are saving gas because they are choosing not to drive or because they are driving fuel economical cars. Davis, California, has become an energy-saving model for other cities. Time is up for today. Next week we'll return to our regular topic of national energy alternatives. 29. What is the main topic of this lecture?
2.
A.To limit discussion on heating bills.
B.To prevent heat loss.
C.To determine the temperature in homes.
D.To convert homes to electric heat.
A B C D
B
[解析] Why is insulation required in new houses?
3.
A.To avoid direct sunlight.
B.To limit space used.
C.To keep out the cold.
D.To conform to other houses.
A B C D
A
[解析] What is the purpose of building new houses facing north or south?
4.
A.Special paths.
B.Resurfaced highways.
C.More parking space.
D.Better street lighting.
A B C D
A
[解析] What has the city of Davis provided for bicycle riders?
Passage Three Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
[解析] 33-35 Girls are more often the victims of child labor practices than boys. Many of them are forced to start work when they are only ten years old. Although the work they are given to do is often light, it often involves serious risks to the health. In one recent case, children as young as six years were found to be working in Asian factories, from eight to fourteen hours a day in overcrowded and unhealthy working conditions. Sometimes a whole family group is employed, with the payment going to a parent or older relative. The children, therefore, not only receive nothing or very little for their long hours of work, but also are prevented from attending school. When they become older, they are therefore, unable to do any other kind of work. 33. What does this passage mainly discuss?
2.
A.Heavy but low-paid.
B.Not hard but dangerous to the health.
C.Dirty and dull.
D.Light and with no risks.
A B C D
B
[解析] What work are the girls given to do?
3.
A.They have no savings.
B.They depend on their relatives.
C.They have no education.
D.They are too old to learn a skill.
A B C D
C
[解析] Why are they unable to do other kind of work when they become older?
Section C Directions: In this section ,you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in you own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time ,you should check what you have written. Mr. Smith was a 1 industrialist, but he was not satisfied with life. He didn't sleep well and his food did not 2 with him. This 3 lasted for some time. Finally, he decided to 4 his doctor. The doctor 5 a change of 6 ."Go abroad, "he said. "But I'm not good at foreign language," said Mr. Smith. "It doesn't matter," said the doctor. "Go on a 7 Take plenty of exercise. Try to reduce your 8 " Mr. Smith went to Switzerland. 9 He attended a physical training course. 10 After a time, he refreshed and forgot the troublesome problems of his factory. 11 .
[解析] 36-46 Mr. Smith was a (36)wealthy industrialist, but he was not satisfied with life. He didn't sleep well and his food did not (37) agree with him. This (38) situation lasted for some time. Finally, he decided to (39) consult his doctor. The doctor (40)advised a change of (41)surroundings. "Go abroad," he said. "But I'm not good at foreign language," said Mr. Smith. "It doesn't matter," said the doctor," Go on a (42) voyage. Take plenty of exercise. Try to reduce your (43) weight." Mr. Smith went to Switzerland. (44)He did not know French or German, and had to communicate through gestures. He attended a physical training course. (45) To strengthen his muscles, he had to lie on the ground and raise his right and left legs alternately. After a time, he refreshed and forgot the troublesome problems of his factory. (46)He even began to notice individual trees and individual birds.
2.
agree
3.
situation
4.
consult
5.
advised
6.
surroundings
7.
voyage
8.
weight
9.
He did not know French or German, and had to communicate through gestures.
10.
To strengthen his muscles, he had to lie on the ground and raise his right and left legs alternately.
11.
He even began to notice individual trees and individual birds.
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. W.F. Deedes, a journalist since the 1930s, perhaps summed it up best: "The reputation we have in distant lands, I have learned in my travels, is higher than we give ourselves. They admire us for our 1 stability, our parliamentary and diplomatic experience, for fair play, for tolerance, for. a 2 to help lame dogs, as well as for some of the qualities Shakespeare sang about in his 3 " Multiculturalism is 4 on the belief that all cultures are morally equal. In practice, that soon degenerates to: All cultures all morally 5 , except ours, which is worse. But all 6 are not equal in respecting representative government, guaranteed liberties, and the rule of law. And those things arose not simultaneously(同步地) and in all cultures but in certain specific times and places--mostly in Britain and America and other 7 of Europe. In America, as in Britain, multiculturalism has become the fashion of society. So the Founding Fathers are presented only as slaveholders. World War II is limited to the detention (扣留) of Japanese-Americans and the bombing of Hiroshima. Slavery is identified with America though it has 8 in many societies. But most Americans know there is something 9 about our cultural heritage. While Harvard and Brown are replacing scholars of the founding period with those studying other things, book buyers are snapping up (抢购) first-rate histories of the founders. Multiculturalist intellectuals do not think our kind of society is 10 defending. A. worthwhile B. existed C. special D. cultures E. spoiled F. particular G. parts H. based I. willingness J. ages K. contempt L. plays M. social N. worth O. equal
“许多美国人都知道我们的文化遗产中有很多特殊的东西。”即something special about，F选项 particular纯粹为干扰项，be particular about是指“对……极为苛刻、吹毛求疵”的意思。
10.
N
be worth doing值得去做，而worthwhile一般只作表语。
Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One The temperature of the Sun is over 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit at the surface, but it rises to perhaps more than 16 million degrees at the center. The Sun is so much hotter than the Earth that matter can exist only as a gas, except all the core. In the core of the Sun, the pressures are so great against the gases that, despite the high temperature, there may be a small solid core. However, no one really knows, since the center of the Sun can never be directly observed. Solar astronomers do know that the Sun is divided into five layers or zones. Starting at the outside and going down into the Sun, the zones are the corona (光环圈), chromospheres (色环层), photosphere, convection zone, and finally the core. The first three zones are regarded as the Sun's atmosphere. But since the Sun has no solid surface, it is hard to tell where the atmosphere ends and the main body of the Sun begins. The sun's outermost layer begins about 10,000 miles above the visible surface and goes outward for millions of miles. This is the only part of the Sun that can be seen during an eclipse. such as the one in February 1979. At any other time, the corona can be seen only when special instruments are used on cameras and telescopes to shut out the glare of the Sun's rays. The corona is a brilliant, pearly white, filmy light, about as bright as the full Moon. Its beautiful rays are a sensational sight during an eclipse. The corona's rays flash out in a brilliant fan that has wispy (稀疏的) spikelike (穗状的) rays near the Sun's north and south poles. The corona is the thickest at the sun's equator. The corona rays are made up of gases streaming outward at tremendous speeds and reaching a temperature of more than 2 million degrees Fahrenheit. The rays of gas thin out as they reach the space around the planets. By the time the Sun's corona rays reach the Earth, they are weak and invisible.
1. With what topic is the second paragraph mainly concerned?
A.How the Sun evolved.
B.The structure of the Sun.
C.Why scientists study the Sun.
D.The distance of the Sun from the planets.
A B C D
B
主旨题。第二段的第一句话“Solar astronomers do know that the Sun is divided into five layers or zones”为此段中心句，作者指出，太阳可分为5层或是5个区。然后后面的部分就围绕着这五个区展开论述。这是关于太阳结构的说明，所以答案应该为B。
2. As it is used in the passage, the word "photosphere'' (Line 2, Para. 2) means ______.
A.a scarlet gaseous envelope surrounding the Sun
B.the luminous envelope of gas surrounding the Sun
C.the mixture of gasses that surrounds any planet or star
D.the luminous irregular envelope of highly ionized gas outside the chromospheres of the Sun
A B C D
B
语义题。文中关于“photosphere”的说明只在第二段后半部分见到：作者指出，太阳从外到内分别是corona(日冕)，chromospheres(色环层)，和photosphere，然后作者又指出“The first three zones are regarded as the Sun's atmosphere．”photosphere也是太阳大气层中的一层，所以它应该是一种气体。A说它是一种“气体状包层”，不够准确。C内容与本文无关，错误。D选项将 photosphere和chromospheres的位置搞反了，也错。
3. All of the following are parts of the Sun's atmosphere EXCEPT the ______.
Passage Two People appear to be born to compute. The numerical skills of children develop so early that it is easy to imagine an internal clock of mathematical maturity guiding their growth. Not long after learning to walk and talk, they can set the table with impressive accuracy--one plate, one knife, one spoon, one fork. Soon they are capable of noting that they have placed five knives, spoons, and forks on the table and, a bit later, that this amounts to fifteen pieces of silverware. Having thus mastered addition, they move on to subtraction, It seems almost reasonable to expect that if a child were secluded (使...隐居) on a desert island at birth and returned seven years later, he or she could enter a second-grade mathematics class without any serious problems of intellectual adjustment. Of course, the truth is not so simple. This century, the work of cognitive(认知的) psychologists had illuminated the subtle forms o? daily learning on which intellectual progress depends. Children were observed as they slowly grasped concepts that adults take for granted, as they refused, for instance, to concede that quantity is unchanged as water pours from a short stout glass into a tall thin one. Psychologists have demonstrated that young children, asked to count the pencils in a pile, readily report the number of blue or red pencils, but must be coaxed (哄) into finding the total. Such studies have suggested that the basics of mathematics are mastered gradually, and with effort. They have also suggested that the very concept of abstract numbers is itself far from innate.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A.Trends in teaching mathematics to children.
B.The use of mathematics in child psychology.
C.The development of mathematical ability in children.
D.The fundamental concepts of mathematics that children must learn.
A B C D
C
主旨题。文章通过描述儿童对数目的反应，探讨儿童对数目的认知能力的发展情况。
2. It can be inferred from the passage that children normally learn simple counting ______.
A.soon after they learn to talk
B.by looking at the clock
C.when they begin to be mathematically mature
D.after they reach second grade in school
A B C D
B
细节理解题。从文章第一段的第二、三句可以看出B选项与文章的意思一致。
3. The word "illuminated" in line 10 is closest in meaning to ______.
4. According to the passage, when small children were asked to count a pile of red and blue pencils they ______.
A.counted the number of pencils of each color
B.guessed at the total number of pencils
C.counted only the pencils of their favorite color
D.subtracted the number of red pencils from the number of blue pencils
A B C D
A
细节理解题。第二段第四句“Psychologists have demonstrated that young children，asked tO count the pencils in a pile，readily report the number of blue or red pencils…”表明当孩子们被哄着去数盘子里的铅笔的数目时，他们通常是分别数出不同颜色铅笔的数目(report the number of blue or red pencils)。
5. With which of the following statements would the author be LEAST likely to agree?
A.Children naturally and easily learn mathematics.
B.Children learn to add before they learn to subtract.
C.Most people follow the same pattern of mathematical development.
D.Mathematical development is subtle and gradual.
A B C D
A
细节归纳题。文章最后两句话表明了孩子们在学习数目时，既非轻而易举(with effort)，同时这种能力也不是天生钓(far from innate)。当然，这里可用排除法，考生只要理解最后两句话中的依据就可以知道A选项与文章不符，从而正确选出A项答案了。其他选项则都可以在文章中找到依据。
Part Ⅴ Error Correction Direction: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (—) in the blank. The next great land area that man hopes to colonize is the moon. In size it is near equal to the area of North and 67. ______ South America. However, it presents a hostile environment that temperatures range from + 120 to- 150 68. ______ degrees Centigrade. There is no air, no water. Today there is considerate scientific speculation about 69. ______ living on the mood. When man will begin life on the lunar surface is still not determined. So experts believe that 70. ______ colonization will take place in three steps. First, there will be increasing periods of exploration with temporarily 72. ______ shelters. These periods will be followed by longer stays with housing Under the surface of the moon and daily necessities brought by the colonizers theirself. Finally, 72. ______ colonies that are self-supporting will be established. The principal job of the early settlers will be to stay living. They will have to plant crops under huge domes (圆 73. ______ 顶建筑) to produce food and oxygen and find water sources. When this has done, the settlers will have time to 74. ______ explore the possibilities of commercial development and to make discoveries important to science. The characteristics of the moon that makes it had for 75. ______ human survival may make it ideal for certain kinds of manufacturing. Operations required a vacuum, extreme 76. ______ cold are examples. Precision ball bearings, and industrial diamonds might be produced on the moon.
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