Passage 11. Don't have time to read anymore? Now you can get free, quick literature via email. More than 100,000 people open their email each day to read a chapter of a book, through Chapter-A-Day, an online book club created two years ago. It's a free email service that provides a short daily reading for busy people, exposing them to literature they may not find on their own, inspiring some to recommit to the reading habit. About 550 public library systems representing over 3,000 branch libraries already have signed up to offer Chapter-A-Day. Via email, participants get about five minutes' worth of reading every day. After three chapters are emailed, the installments stop, and those who want to keep reading can borrow the book at their public library or purchase it online. Chapter-A-Day has eight free book clubs, and sells thousands of books each month.
Chapter-A-Day started in 1999 when Suzanne Beecher, a lifelong book lover, realized how many of the women who worked part-time for her software development company didn't have time in their busy lives to read. She decided to type part of a chapter of a book, and send it to her employees through email. The next day she typed a little more, and continued to send literary installments each day. She says she started getting feedback from the staff about how reading made them feel. "They were interested, and realized that, though they didn't have time in their busy lives for reading, just reading that little bit each day got them back in the habit". Realizing that many other people could benefit, she decided to take the idea even further and start an email" Chapter-A-Day" book club to help others ease their way back into daily reading. "Reading makes changes in people' s lives. " Beecher says.
Pat Dempsey, a librarian at a public library in Ohio, has found Chapter-A-Day helps her library clients get back in the habit of reading. "It's a different way to get people hooked on books," she says.
难道再也没有时间阅读书籍吗?现在你可以利用电子邮件从书籍里面解放出来。通过两年前创建的在线图书俱乐部—“一日一章”，有10万多的人们可以通过打开邮件阅读一本书中的一章。这种免费的邮件服务可给忙碌人士提供每日短暂的阅读，提供他们自己可能找不到的一些文学作品，同时让他们形成阅读的好习惯。大约550个公共图书馆系统所包含的超过3000个分支图书馆已经签约提供“一日一章”电子邮件，参与每日五分钟阅读价值这种活动。当邮件提供到三章后就停止为读者电邮分期连载的文学作品，但那些想继续坚持阅读的人可以通过公共图书馆阅读或者在线搜寻。“一日一章”拥有八个免费的图书俱乐部，销售大约上千本图书。
“一日一章”是由一位终身的图书爱好者—苏珊娜·比彻创立于1999年。当时，她意识到那些在软件开发公司做兼职的女士一生忙碌却没有时间阅读。她决定打出一本书中的一章，通过电子邮件发给她的员工。第二天她又打多了一点，继续每天都发送一些文章。她说她开始得到员工每天阅读的感受，“那些书太有意思了，同时意识到，虽然在她们忙碌的一生里几乎没有时间阅读，但是每日一点的阅读就使她们形成了习惯”。她意识到其他的人同样可以从中受益，所以她决定开发这种思想，同时创立“一日一章”图书俱乐部，以帮助其他人恢复每日阅读的习惯。比彻说：“阅读改变了人们的生活。”
一位在俄亥俄公共图书管的图书商—帕特·戴姆森已经建立了“一日一读”帮助她的员工恢复阅读的习惯。她说：“这是一种让人们热衷于读书的特殊方法”。
[长难句分析]
1．More than 100，000 people open their email each day to read a chapter of a book，through Chapter-A-Day，an online book club created two years ago．
[句子分析] 本句的主语是“More than 100，000 people”，“to read a chapter of a book”是不定式短语作目的状语。“an online book club created two years ago”是“Chapter-A-Day”的同位语。
[译文] 通过两年前创建的在线图书俱乐部—“一日一章”，有10万多人每天可以通过打开邮件阅读一本书中的一章。
2．It’s a free email service that provides a short daily reading for busy people，exposing them to literature they may not find on their own，inspiring some to recommit to the reading habit．
[句子分析] 本句的表语“a free email service”后面是由“that”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词“service”，并在从句中作主语。现在分词短语中的“literature”后面同样是定语从句，只是将关联词“that”省略了。
[译文] 这种免费的邮件服务可给忙碌人士提供每日短暂的阅读，提供他们自己可能找不到的一些文学作品，同时让他们形成阅读的好习惯。
3．About 550 public library systems representing over 3，000 branch libraries already have signed up to offer Chapter-A-Day．
[句子分析] 本句的主语是“About 550 public library systems”，现在分词短语“representing over 3，000 branch libraries”作后置定语，修饰“public library systems”。不定式短语“to offer Chapter-A-Day”作目的状语。
[译文] 大约550个公共图书馆系统所包含的超过3000个分支图书馆已经签约提供“一日一章”在线图书。
4．Chapter-A-Day started in 1999 when Suzanne Beecher，a lifelong book lover，realized how many of the women who worked part-time for her software development company didn’t have time in their busy lives to read．
[句子分析] 本句的主干是“Chapter-A-Day started in 1999”，“when Suzanne Beecher...”是定语从句，修饰先行词“1999”。“a lifelong book lover”是“Suzanne Beecher”的同位语，对其进行说明。连接副词“how many”引导的名词性从句作谓语“realized”的宾语。在该名词性从句中，“who worked part-time for her software development company”是定语从句，修饰先行词“women”。
[译文] ”一日一章“是由一位终身的图书爱好者—苏珊娜·比彻创立于1999年。当时，她意识到那些在软件开发公司做兼职的许多女士因生活忙碌而没有时间阅读。
5．Realizing that many other people could benefit，she decided to take the idea even further and start an email“Chapter-A-Day”book club to help others ease their way back into daily reading．
[句子分析] 本句中，现在分词短语“Realizing that many other people could benefit”作状语，“that many other people could benefit”是名词性从句，作分词“realizing”的宾语。主干结构中，“to take the idea even further and start an email“Chapter-A-Day”book club”是不定式短语作宾语，“to help others ease their way back into daily reading”是不定式短语作目的状语。
[译文] 她意识到其他的人同样可以从中受益，所以决定进一步发展这种相法，同时创立一个发送电子邮件的“一日一章”图书俱乐部，以帮助其他人恢复每日阅读的习惯。
Passage 21. Chicago Public Schools are going to great lengths to hire teachers-now the school district recruits teachers from other countries to help solve a shortage of teachers. It all started in 1999, when Rouses Hannon, a math and physics teacher from Palestine, visited Chicago. He read about the teacher shortage at Chicago Public Schools and asked the school board if they'd hire him. The board was interested and decided to create a special program for foreign-born teachers like Hannon, and he was the first teacher hired.
The program is called the Global Educator Outreach or GEO, and it's a partnership between in Chicago is so extreme, the Government allows the school district to temporarily hire foreign teaching candidates using H1-B visas. The Government grants these vise only to skilled foreign-born citizens so they can work in highly specialized jobs that can't be filled with available U.S. workforce.
Through the GEO, the school district has hired dozens of teachers from 22 different countries. Applicants must pass an English language test and specialize in math, science, world language or bilingual education. Hannon and the first GEO teachers started in the classroom at the beginning of the 2000-2001 school year．
What do the GEO teachers think of the American classroom? Hannon．who was hired to teach math at Gage Park High School，says classrooms in Chicago are very different from those in Palestine．For one thing，he says，the fixed schedule that forces students to attend the same classes at the same time each day becomes too dull．In Palestine，the class schedule changes each week．He says in Palestine，the colure forces students to work hard because if they don't they'll he kicked cut and put in vocational schools，which limits their career options．There is not nearly as much pressure for American students to do well．He says he has lo do double the amounts of work just to get his students interested．
芝加哥公立学校将大量的聘请教师，现在学校开始通过从其他国家大量的招募老师来解决教师的短缺。这种方法从1999年一位来自巴基斯坦的数学兼物理老师—柔丝·汉农访问芝加哥开始使用。他当时了解到芝加哥教师的短缺，主动询问学校的董事会是否可以雇佣自己。董事会对此非常感兴趣同时决定为来自国外像汉农这样的外国教师制定一个特殊的项目。从此汉农成了第一个被聘请的教师。
该项目叫做全球教育者扩大服务项目或者缩写成为GEO。这是一种在芝加哥公立学校和美国政府之间的合作关系。因为芝加哥的教师奇缺，所以政府允许校方暂聘请那些有H1-B的外国教师。政府的签证只给予那些出生在国外的有技能的公民，这样他们就可以从事高度专业化的工作，而这类工作无法依靠现有的美国劳动力来得到满足。
通过GEO，学校已经聘请了来自22个国家的许多教师。求职者必须通过英语考试并且在数学，科学，世界语言或者双语教育方面有特长。2000-2001年学期之初，汉农和第一位GEO老师开始在教室授课。
GEO老师们对美国教学有什么感受呢?受聘于盖奇帕克高中教数学的老师汉农说，在芝加哥的课堂教学不同于巴基斯坦。他说，其中的一项就是，迫使学生每天在同一时间同一教室学习固定的课程会很枯燥。在巴基斯坦，每个星期都会更改课程。他说，在巴基斯坦，国家文化促使学生努力的学习，因为如果不努力他们就会被开除进入职业学校，那样的话将来的择业面就会很窄。在美国学生的压力却没有那么大。他说要想让学生对他所教授的课程感兴趣他不得不下双倍的功夫。
[长难句分析]
1．It all started in 1999，when Rouses Hannon，a math and physics teacher from Palestine(巴勒斯坦)，visited Chicago．
[句子分析] 本句的主干结构是“It all started in 1999”，“when Rouses Hannon visited Chicago”是由“when”引导的非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词“1999”。“a math and physics teacher from Palestine”是“Rouses Hannon”的同位语，对其加以说明。
[译文] 这种方法从1999年一位来自巴基斯坦的数学兼物理老师—柔丝·汉农访问芝加哥开始使用。
2．The Government grants these vise only to skilled foreign-born citizens so they can work in highly specialized jobs that can’t be filled with available U．S．workforce．
[句子分析] 本句的主句是“The Government grants these vise only to skilled：foreign-born citizens”，其后是由“so”引导的目的状语从句。该从句中包含一个由“that”引导的限定性定语从句，用来修饰先行词“jobs”。
[译文] 政府的签证只给予那些出生在国外的有技能的公民，这样他们就可以从事高度专业化的工作，而这类工作无法依靠现有的美国动力力来得到满足。
3．Hannon，who was hired to teach math at Gage Park High school says classrooms in Chicago are very different from those in Palestine．
[句子分析] 本句的主干结构是“Hannon says classrooms in Chicago are very different from those in Palestine”，中间的“who was hired to teach math at Gage Park High School”是由关系代词“who”引导的非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词“Hannon”，并在从句中作主语。
[译文] 受聘于盖奇帕克高中教数学的老师汉农说，在芝加哥的课堂教学不同于巴基斯坦。
4．He says in：Palestine，the culture forces students to work hard because if they don't they'll be kicked out and put in vocational schools．which limits their career options．
[句子分析] 本句中，“the culture forces...their career options．”是谓语“says”的宾语从句，该从句省略了关联词“that”。从句中包含一个由“because”引导的原因状语从句，原因状语从句中又包含一个由“if”引导的条件状语从句。“which limits their career options”是由“which”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰前面所说的“不努力他们就会被开除，分人职业学校”这件事。
[译文] 他说，在巴基斯坦，国家文化促使学生努力的学习，因为如果不努力他们就会被开除，分入职业学校，那样的话将来的择业面就会很窄。
Passage 11. 现今，越来越多的人居住在城市。因此，交通繁忙，但通常道路不足，而且很多道路太窄。这就是交通事故多的原因。在全世界的城市中，成千上万的人死伤于交通事故。当然，交通事故也会发生在城市以外的乡村，但那里的交通不那么繁忙，因此交通事故也就没有那么多。
为什么会发生交通事故呢?有人说是那些使用道路的人的问题。这就意味着指每一个行人。如果大家都小心一点，事故就不会发生。你同意吗?
也有人说，我们应当改善道路情况。“改善”是指“建造得更好些”，我们把道路修得更宽更直一些来改善道路。交通事故通常发生在狭窄的道路上或拐角处。驾驶员看不到拐角的地方，他们不能看到其他车辆迎面开来。所以有时候，汽车就会相撞。如果道路改善了，拐角就会有所改变。道路不再急转弯了，而是慢慢地拐弯。你知道拐弯是指什么吗?
交通事故也经常发生在道路交叉处。那里通常有交通灯。交通灯使一条道路上的车辆停住，让另一条道路上的车辆通过，从而避免车辆相互碰撞。有时候，十字路口没有交通灯而有警察执勤。在有些地方，道路并不交叉，而是一条道路在另一条道路上通过。如果坐在汽车里经过那里，你似乎会感到正在飞越下面的一条道路。
Nowadays more and more people live in cities. As a result, there is a big traffic, but there are not usually enough roads, and many of the roads are too narrow. That is why there are a lot of traffic accidents. Among the cities all over the world thousands of people are killed or hurt in traffic accidents. Of course, traffic accidents may happen outside cities in the countryside, but there is not so much traffic, so there are not so many accidents.
Why do accidents happen? Some people say that it is the fault of the people who use the roads. That means everybody! If everyone is careful, there will be no accidents. Do you agree?
Other people say that we must improve our roads. "Improve" means "make better". We improve roads by making them wider and straighter. Accidents often occur on roads or in corners. Drivers cannot see around corners. They cannot see other vehicles coming towards them. Therefore, they sometimes crash into each other. When roads are improved, corners are changed. The road does not turn very quickly, but bends slowly. Do you know what a "bend" refers to?
Accidents also happen on the crossing in the roads. There are usually traffic lights there. The traffic lights stop the cars in one road and let the cars in the other go on, which avoids them crashing into each other. Sometimes there is a policeman instead of traffic lights on the crossing. On some occasion, roads do not cross, instead, one road goes above the other. If you pass through there in a bus, you may feel that you are flying over the road below.
Passage 21. 凡事应该适度。适度是最安全的。以学生生活为例，有些学生学习太努力，而玩得太少；还有些学生玩得太多，而学习得太少。前者由于缺少体育锻炼弄坏了身体，后者玩得太多而损坏了智力。
在饮食方面，也必须要适度。不要吃得太多或太少，吃得太多你会生病，而吃得太少你会虚弱。
能取得进步的人是那些思想既不太保守而又不太激进的人。太保守的人，他裹足不前，而太激进的人，他就东闯西闯没有明确的目标。心胸宽的人总是在合理的范围内活动。在生活中，无论什么样的活动，适度是通向享受幸福的最好途径之一。
One should be moderate in all things. Moderation is always the safest way. Let's take the student life for instance. There are some who study too hard and play too little, and there are others who plays too much and study too little. On the one hand, this is harmful to the body through lack of exercise; and, on the other hand, to the mind through much play.
In the matter of eating, one also should be moderate. Do not eat too much or too little. Too much eating will make you sick, while too little eating will make you weak.
The man of progress is he who is neither too conservative in thought nor too radical. In the former case he does not move, and in the latter he is restless—that is, without a definite aim. The broad-minded man is he who likes moves within the orbit of reasonableness. Whether in any activities in life, moderation is one of the best way to enjoy real happiness.
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