Section 1: Vocabulary and Grammar This section consists of 3 parts. Read the directions for each part before answering the questions.
Part 1 Vocabulary Selection In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices marked by letters A, B, C, D respectively. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Then mark the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
1. She has ______ some brilliant scheme to double her income.
A.come out
B.come up with
C.come to
D.come about
A B C D
B
[解析] come out出来，长出；come up with提出，想出；come to达到，复苏；come about发生，产生。
2. Absorbed in her work, she was totally ______ her surroundings.
6. In its broadest sense, attribution theory is concerned with how ordinary people make sense of the world and it ______ more controllable and predictable by making attributions as to the causes of people's behaviors and events.
12. Giordano Bruno strongly supported Copernicus's idea that the earth was not the center of the universe. Bruno was rewarded by being burned at the stake for this and other ______ ideas.
17. Howard Johnson ______ a better brand of ice cream and a new way to sell it.
A.came up with
B.came to
C.came across
D.came off
A B C D
A
[解析] come up with找到，提出；come to共计，达到；come across偶然遇见；come off从某物上脱落，分离。
18. I spent the whole day yesterday rearranging my books ______ their subjects and frequency of use.
A.as regards
B.as against
C.as of
D.as from
A B C D
A
[解析] as regards按照；as against与……对照，相比；as of从……开始；as from从……开始。
19. In charge of an army of seven thousand men, he ______ the oriental city for nine months and finally defeated it.
A.intruded
B.haunted
C.besieged
D.possessed
A B C D
C
[解析] intrude侵略，侵入；haunt常去；besiege围攻，包围；possess占有。
20. Today we'll discuss proposals ______ the improvement of quality. All other proposals will be left to the next meeting.
A.similar to
B.relevant to
C.familiar with
D.regarded as
A B C D
B
[解析] similar to与……类似；relevant to与……相关；familiar with对……熟悉；regard as把……看作。
Part 2 Vocabulary Replacement This part consists of 20 sentences. In each of them one word or phrase is underlined. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices marked by letters A, B, C, D respectively. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined word without causing any grammatical error or changing the basic meaning of the sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
1. Not until the advent of histochemistry could the anatomist see through the microscope which ceils carry specific enzymes or gauge how active these enzymes are in different cells under various conditions.
A.discern
B.grasp
C.measure
D.estimate
A B C D
C
[解析] 本题中，gauge的意思是“测量”。C项的“measure测量”符合题意，如：Mother measured me to see what size of dress I should have.(母亲给我量尺寸，好知道我该穿多大号的衣服。)其他三项“discern目睹；grasp抓住；estimate估计”都不正确。
2. The prevailing wind is the wind direction most often observed during a given time period. Wind speed is the rate at which the air moves past a stationary object.
A.motionless
B.massive
C.flexible
D.noticeable
A B C D
A
[解析] 本题中，stationary的意思是“固定的”。A项的“motionless不动的”符合题意，如：The cat sat motionless.(这只猫蹲着不动。)其他三项“massive厚重的；flexible灵活的；noticeable显而易见的”都不正确。
3. Britain occupied Java during the Napoleonic Wars. Both the British and later the Dutch tried to centralize and reform Java's administration. The Dutch wavered between opening the area to individual enterprise and reverting to a monopoly system.
A.resolved
B.reckoned
C.hesitated
D.discriminated
A B C D
C
[解析] 本题中，wavered的意思是“动摇”。C项的“hesitated犹豫”符合题意，如：Though she hesitated for a moment, she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window.(尽管她迟疑了片刻，但最后还是进了店，并且要求给她拿一件陈列在橱窗里的衣服看看。)其他三项“resolved决定；reckoned估计；discriminated歧视”都不正确。
4. Although diverse, African music has certain distinctive traits, one of which is the use of repetition as an organizing principle.
5. The advertising industry has resorted to self-regulation in a serious effort to curtail not only bad taste but also misrepresentation and deception in copy and illustrations.
A.avert
B.deny
C.exclude
D.reduce
A B C D
D
[解析] 本题中，curtail的意思是“缩减”。D项的“reduce减少”符合题意，如：This experienced editor is said to be able to reduce the misprints to almost nil．(据说这位经验丰富的老编辑能把印刷错误几乎降低到零。)其他三项“avert转移；deny否认；exclude排斥”都不正确。
6. The chief functions of direct-mail advertising are to familiarize prospective buyers with a product, its name, its maker, and its merits and with the product's local distributors.
A.potential
B.responsive
C.inquisitive
D.perceptive
A B C D
A
[解析] 本题中，prospective的意思是“预期的”。A项的“potential预期的”符合题意，如：Every seed is a potential plant.(每粒种子都可能长成植物。)其他三项“responsive响应的；inquisitive好奇的；perceptive有理解的”都不正确。
7. Australia began to assume its modern configuration by the Eocene Epoch, some 50 million years ago, when Antarctica broke away and drifted southward.
A.status
B.sphere
C.shape
D.situation
A B C D
C
[解析] 本题中，configuration的意思是“外形”。C项的“shape外形”符合题意，如：A huge shape loomed up through the fog.(一个巨大的影像在雾中隐约出现。)其他三项“status地位；sphere球；situation情况”都不正确。
8. Education in Russia and the other new countries faces especially daunting obstacles because the struggling economies of these nations often provide insufficient funds for education.
9. Admiral Cervera knew he was being ordered to certain destruction but felt compelled to obey. He chose the morning of July 3 for a gallant escape attempt.
A.daring
B.futile
C.critical
D.fruitful
A B C D
A
[解析] 本题中，gallant的意思是“英勇的，华丽的”。A项的“daring大胆的；勇敢的”符合题意，如：He was awarded a medal for his daring deeds.(他因勇敢的行为而获得奖牌。)其他三项“futile无用的；critical批评的；fruitful富有成效”都不正确。
10. The Second Hague Disarmament Conference of 1907 was marked more by discord than discourse, a sign of the deteriorating world situation.
A.facilitating
B.upgrading
C.justifying
D.worsening
A B C D
D
[解析] 本题中，deteriorating的意思是“变坏”。D项的“worsening恶化”符合题意，如：Heavy storms worsened the fuel shortage.(狂风暴雨使燃料短缺情况更加严重。)其他三项“facilitating助长；upgrading浓缩；justifying证明……是正当的”都不正确。
11. She actually preferred a more gregarious urban life style and the cultural attractions in a warmer clime.
A.tranquil
B.sociable
C.inactive
D.undisturbed
A B C D
B
[解析] 本题中，gregarious的意思是“社交的，群居的”。B项“sociable好交际的”符合题意，如：The Smiths are a sociable family.(史密斯一家人很好交际。)其他三项“tranquil安静的；inactive不活动的；undisturbed安宁的，未受干扰的”都不正确。
12. Some of the plan's provisions have already aroused opposition, most notably from Pope John Paul Ⅱ.
A.clauses
B.interpretations
C.interrelations
D.depreciations
A B C D
A
[解析] 本题中，provisions的意思是“规定”。A项“clauses条款”符合题意，如：add a clause in a contract(在契约中加进一项条款。)其他三项“interpretations解释；interrelations相互关系；depreciations贬值，跌价”都不正确。
13. Nothing is less sensible than the advice of the Duke of Cambridge who is to be reported to have said, "Any change, at any time, for any reason is to be deplored. "
A.emulated
B.ridiculed
C.complicated
D.lamented
A B C D
D
[解析] 本题中，deplored的意思是“表示悲痛”。D项“lamented哀悼”符合题意，如：The royal members lamented the passing of aristocratic society.(王室家族悲叹贵族社会的消失。)其他三项“emulated仿效；ridiculed嘲笑；complicated复杂的”都不正确。
14. Most of the 33 newly discovered planets' giant gas bags swing so erratically that they create havoc on any smaller, nearby, life-friendly planets.
A.destruction
B.benefits
C.chaos
D.violence
A B C D
A
[解析] 本题中，havoc的意思是“大破坏”。A项“destruction破坏”符合题意，如：The fire caused the destruction of my books.(这场大火使我的藏书被毁坏。)其他三项“benefits利益；chaos混乱；violence暴力，暴行”都不正确。
15. Furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly financed, with plenty of money for top-flight staff, travel, and television commercials.
A.dubiously
B.potently
C.profusely
D.candidly
A B C D
C
[解析] 本题中，lavishly的意思是“丰富地”。C项“profusely丰富地”符合题意，如：a field profuse with wildflowers(长满了野花的田地)。其他三项“dubiously可疑地；potently有效地；candidly直率地”都不正确。
16. In fact, a number of recent developments suggest that new media may actually be the salvation of old media; that online newspapers, Webzines, and e-books could preserve and extend the best aspects of the print culture while augmenting it with their various technological advantages.
A.limiting
B.maintaining
C.distinguishing
D.increasing
A B C D
D
[解析] 本题中，augmenting的意思是“增加”。D项“increasing增加”符合题意，如：New settlers came in increasing numbers.(新来的移民日益增多。)其他三项“limiting限制；maintaining保持；distinguishing区别”都不正确。
17. Every modern government, liberal or otherwise, has a specific position in the field of ideas ; its stability is vulnerable to critics in proportion to their ability and persuasiveness.
A.futile
B.susceptible
C.feasible
D.flexible
A B C D
B
[解析] 本题中，vulnerable的意思是“易受攻击的”。B项“susceptible易受影响的”符合题意，如：be susceptible to cold(容易感冒。)其他三项“futile无用的；feasible可行的；flexible灵活的”都不正确。
18. Parties are therefore free to strive for a settlement without jeopardizing their chances for or in a trial if mediation is unsuccessful.
A.assuring
B.increasing
C.endangering
D.destroying
A B C D
C
[解析] 本题中，jeopardizing的意思是“危害”。C项“endangering危及”符合题意，如：The polluted air in the city is badly endangering the health of the residents. (城里被污染的空气正严重地危及居民的健康。)其他三项“assuring保证；increasing增加；destroying破坏”都不正确。
19. They make better use of the time they have, and they are less likely to succumb to fatigue in stressful jobs.
A.sustain
B.yield
C.endure
D.expose
A B C D
B
[解析] 本题中，succumb的意思是“屈服”。B项“yield屈服”符合题意，如：The army yielded when it was attacked.(当这支军队受到进攻时投降了。)其他三项“sustain支持，持续；endure忍耐；expose使暴露”都不正确。
20. It disgusted him when atheists attacked religion: he thought they were vulgar.
Part 3 Error Correction This part consists of 20 sentences. In each of them there is an underlined part that indicates an error. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices marked by letters A, B, C, D respectively. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part so that the error is corrected. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
1. We learned that Columbus has discovered America in 1492.
7. Everybody wants paying properly for what they do.
A.to pay
B.being paid
C.to be paid
D.to be paid for
A B C D
C
[解析] 本句意为：每个人都想为自己的付出得到相应的报酬。考查的是动词不定式的被动语态，want to be paid。因此C为答案。
8. Don't be late. I hate to be waiting for a long time.
A.being keeping
B.be kept
C.to be kept
D.be keeping
A B C D
C
[解析] keep somebody waiting使某人等待(尤指由于迟到)，如：I'm sorry to have kept you waiting.(很抱歉让你等了半天。)本句意为：别迟到啊，我讨厌长时间等人。在此因为等待别人而不是使别人等待，所以用被动语态to be kept waiting。因此C为答案。
9. People whose property is stolen should report to the police.
11. Just last week, for example, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced the disturbing disclosure that chick flu may be pretty deadlier than previously believed.
12. During many sectors are foundering, the $21 billion videogame software industry is booming, adding game developers at a rate of 2,500 a year in the United States alone.
A.When
B.Where
C.Would
D.While
A B C D
D
[解析] 表示“当……的时候”，“和……同时”常用连词while表并列。因此D为答案。
13. As an English major student at one of the most famous universities in China. I strongly believe that business English is more practical than other fields.
A.a student in English... field
B.a major English student... regions
C.an English major... courses
D.an English student major... sciences
A B C D
C
[解析] 指大学各学科课程应用course，因此C为答案。
14. Life insurance, before available only to young, healthy persons, can now be obtained for quite a large proportion of the elderly population, and, sorry, even for pet animals.
A.before young, healthy persons available only,
B.available only to young, healthy persons before,
C.available only to persons young, but more healthy,
D.before young and healthy persons only available to,
15. "In the past we were a lonely car maker, but we had good business," says Bernd Engelstadter, technical executive director at Shanghai Volkswagen, adding to he arrived in China seven years ago "competition was not a problem".
16. He had studied hard, he would have been able to pass the exam.
A.He had studied harder
B.If only he studied more
C.Had he studied harder
D.When he studied more
A B C D
C
[解析] 本句是虚拟语气，从句省略“if”，应用倒装语序。
17. Our programs come second to thefts.
A.come second after
B.are second only to
C.are first except for
D.are first place from
A B C D
B
[解析] second only to仅次于：Iraq's oil reserves are second only to Saudi Arabia.(伊拉克的石油储量仅次于沙特阿拉伯。)
18. You're been so helpful! How can I make up to you?
A.make it up to you
B.make you up
C.make up it for you
D.make up you
A B C D
A
[解析] 代词应放在make和up的中间，因而排除C和D。make it up to sb.补偿某人的损失、遭受的不幸或花费的钱财，如：Thanks for buying my ticket-I'll make it up to you later.(感谢你给我买了票——我稍后再还给你钱。)make sb. up意为“为某人化妆”，如：She spent one hour making herself up before the party.(她在聚会前化妆用了一个小时。)
19. Some people think more of animals than will of children.
Section 2: Reading Comprehension In this section you will find after each of the passages a number of questions or unfinished statements about the passage, each with 4 (A , B, C and D) choices to complete the statement. You must choose the one which you think fits best. Then blanken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. Are you interested in seeing the beautiful fall foliage of New England but tired of traffic jams and overbooked hotels? Then this year forget the crowds in New England and see the beautiful colors of autumn in the Catskills. These rugged mountains in New York State, just 90 miles northwest of New York City, are famous for the legendary tales of Rip Van Winkle, and more recently for the summer hotels mat sprang up in the region during the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s. Families trying to escape the heat of New York City found the Catskills to be the perfect place to stay for a month or so each summer. By the late 1950s there were over 500 resorts and hotels offering nighttime entertainment as well as all kinds of outdoor activities. Famous comedies like Jackie Gleason, Joan Rivers, and Sid Caesar all got their start touring the hotel clubs here. Since the introduction of air-conditioning and cheaper air travel, however, families have stopped coming to the Catskills in such large numbers, chasing instead more distant locations at different times of the year. Many of the Catskills hotels closed in the 1970s, but some remain and have expanded and changed their facilities to meet the needs of today's visitors. Currently, there are many activities available to the traveler besides witnessing the changing colors of the leaves. There is an all-organic sheep farm where visitors can see how a traditional sheep farm operates. There are also hundreds of miles of scenic drives in the area. Route 42, for instance, is an excellent site for spotting bald eagles. For more information on vacations in the Catskills, call the office of Public Information.
1. The author's main purpose is to ______.
A.promote the Catskills as a vacation destination
B.introduce visitors to famous Catskills entertainers
C.describe the history of the Catskills region
D.compare the Catskills to New England
A B C D
A
[解析] 本题考查作者意图。根据文章第一段第二句“Then this year forget the crowds in New England and see the beautiful colors of autumn in the Catskills.”和最后一段最后一句“For more information on vacations in the Catskills, call the office of Public Information.”可知，作者主要是想让人们来Catskills度假。所以，答案是A。
2. The word "rugged" underlined in Paragraph 2 means ______.
3. According to the passage, the decline in the number of resorts in the 1970s was caused by ______.
A.television
B.shorter vacations
C.affordable air travel
D.more traffic
A B C D
C
[解析] 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Since the introduction of air-conditioning and cheaper air travel, however, families have stopped coming to the Catskills in such large numbers”可知，由于空调的使用和更便宜的air travel，人们就不会这么集中地来Catskills。 所以，答案是C。
4. The phrase "sprang up" underlined in Paragraph 2 refers to something that has ______.
5. In what season would a tourist most likely have visited the Catskills in the 1950s?
A.Fall.
B.Winter.
C.Spring.
D.Summer.
A B C D
D
[解析] 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“more recently for the summer hotels mat sprang up in the region during the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s. Families trying to escape the heat of New York City found the Catskills to be the perfect place to stay for a month or so each summer.”可知，20世纪四十、五十、六十年代，人们夏天会把Catskills作为最好的避暑胜地。所以，答案是D。
7. From the passage, what might a visitor be lucky enough to do?
A.See fall leaves in color.
B.See a kind of bird.
C.Work on a sheep farm.
D.Drive on scenic roads.
A B C D
B
[解析] 本题考查细节理解。根据文章最后一段中的“Currently，there are many activities available to the traveler besides witnessing the changing colors of the leaves. There is an allor-ganic sheep farm where visitors can see how a traditional sheep farm operates. There are also hundreds of miles of scenic drives in the area. Route 42, for instance, is an excellent site for spotting bald eagles.”可知，人们可以看树叶变化颜色，可以参观传统的羊场工作，可以在景色优美的跑道驾驶。而且在42号线路上，那是观看秃鹰的最佳位置。因为秃鹰是一种鸟。所以，答案是B。
8. The word "drives" underlined in Paragraph 3 refers to ______.
At the beginning of the twentieth century, North American society held, as an ideal, the Nuclear Family. This presumably perfect residential, social, and economic unit consisted of an adult male, an adult female and their minor children. This structure was thought to be stable and long lasting. However, a few decades later, the structure of that ideal family was being altered radically even while it was being touted as the structure to be aimed for. Popular magazines bemoaned the loss of the Nuclear Family and its replacement with inferior forms. There are a number of factors that are acting in concert to apply pressure on the Nuclear Family and generate a variety of new structures. Some of these are: The definition of marriage has changed somewhat in that few people now consider it to last "until death do us part". The concept of monogamy (the marriage of one man and one woman) has been modified to a form now referred to as serial monogamy (the marriage of one man and one woman at a time). This reflects the increasing equality of women and men in terms of economic advantage and the recognition that many women no longer depend on men for their survival. Women are acquiring independence and have become empowered to make their own choices. With this independence, the need to form a relationship with a man becomes less important. This change embodies the concept that the marriage is temporary and can be terminated by either partner at any time. Associated with this, of course, is the relaxation of the divorce laws and the significant reduction of the shame that had one time been attached to divorce. The economy of North America has resulted in a two-tier system of a few rich who control most of the resources and a large portion of the population who control almost none of the resources. Because of this, many couples are forced to have both partners with full-time jobs outside the home. There are unintended byproducts of the need for a double income. The most important of these is the replacement of a mother-oriented socialization of children to a "stranger-oriented" socialization system reflected in the growth of the childcare industry. Also, either partner is financially able to end the marriage without significant hardship. The combination of these changes will in the coming decades have a profound effect on the structure of the family of North America. As a result, the family will be a fluid, constantly changing structure with variable household arrangements as the norm.
11. In the 1910s most North Americans believed that the Nuclear Family ______.
A.wouldn't last long
B.was the normal family structure
C.had no social and economic basis
D.was unworthy
A B C D
B
[解析] 本题考查事实细节。根据文章第一段第一句“At the beginning of the twentieth century, North American society held, as an ideal, the Nuclear Family.”可知，B项为正确答案。根据第一段最后一句“This structure was thought to be stable and long lasting.”可知，A项不正确。C、D两项在文中并未提及。
12. What happened to the Nuclear Family in the middle of the twentieth century?
A.It changed greatly.
B.It was criticized.
C.It remained a normal structure.
D.It was lost.
A B C D
A
[解析] 本题考查事实细节。根据文章第二段第一句“However, a few decades later, the structure of that ideal family was being altered radically.”可知，几十年后，理想家庭结构有了根本性改变。所以，答案是A。
13. In the middle of the twentieth century, people in North America ______.
A.were tired of the Nuclear Family
B.wanted to give up the Nuclear Family
C.believed that the Nuclear Family was hopeful
D.were indifferent to the Nuclear Family
A B C D
C
[解析] 本题考查事实细节。根据文章第二段第一句“However, a few decades later, the structure of that ideal family was being altered radically even while it was being touted as the structure to be aimed for.”可知，人们吹捧核心家庭是他们的目标家庭结构。据此推断，答案是C。
14. What has changed the Nuclear Family in North America?
15. What is the major factor that has raised the divorce rate in North America?
A.The increasing equality of women.
B.Relaxation of the divorce laws.
C.The significant reduction of the shame on divorce.
D.Men having more chances to know women.
A B C D
A
[解析] 本题考查事实细节。根据文章第四段第三句“This reflects the increasing equality of women and men in terms of economic advantage and the recognition that many women no longer depend on men for their survival.”可知，正确答案是A。
16. In Paragraph 4, "until death do us part" probably means remaining married ______.
A.until death
B.to the particular person until death
C.to one person at a time
D.until one leaves
A B C D
B
[解析] 本题考查短语意义。根据文章第四段第二句中的monogamy和serial monogamy可知，“until death do us part”的意思是至死都和某个人保持婚姻关系，所以，答案是B。
17. In Paragraph 5, "two-tier system" means some ______.
A.men have many wives while others have none
B.people are very rich while others are very poor
C.people have too much work to do while others have nothing to do
D.people control others
A B C D
B
[解析] 本题考查事实细节。根据文章第五段的第一句话“The economy of North America has resulted in a two-tier system of a few rich who control most of the resources and a large portion of the population who control almost none of the resources.”可知，正确答案是B。
18. Many wives work outside their home because they ______.
A.want to be independent
B.don't want to stay at home
C.don't have to take care of their children
D.want to make money for their home
A B C D
D
[解析] 本题考查事实细节。根据文章第五段前两句“The economy of North America has resulted in a two-tier system of a few rich who control most of the resources and a large portion of the population who control almost none of the resources. Because of this, many couples are forced to have both partners with full-time jobs outside the home.”可知，因为产生了双重体系，所以，很多夫妇被迫双双出去工作。据此推断，答案是D。
19. " 'stranger-oriented'socialization system" in Paragraph 5 probably means ______.
A.strangers come home to take care of children
B.neighbors don't know each other
C.mothers work outside their home and become strange to their children
D.children become strange to their parents
A B C D
A
[解析] 本题考查事实细节。根据文章第五段第四句“The most important of these is the replacement of a mother-oriented socialization of children to a 'stranger-oriented' socialization system reflected in the growth of the childcare industry.”可知，妈妈无暇照顾孩子，而是由陌生人来家中照顾孩子。所以，答案是A。
20. The author's purpose is to ______.
A.give the basic facts of marriage in North America
B.explain the reasons why the divorce rate is high in North America
C.introduce why both husband and wife have to work outside their home
D.give a picture of family structural change in North America
Electronic mail has become an extremely important and popular means of communication. The convenience and efficiency of electronic mail are threatened by the extremely rapid growth in the volume of unsolicited commercial electronic mail. Unsolicited commercial electronic mail is currently estimated to account for over half of all electronic mail traffic, up from an estimated 7 percent in 2001, and the volume continues to rise. Most of these messages are fraudulent or deceptive in one or more respects. The receipt of unsolicited commercial electronic mail may result in costs to recipients who cannot refuse to accept such mail and who incur costs for the storage of such mail, or for the time spent accessing, reviewing, and discarding such mail, or for both. The receipt of a large number of unwanted messages also decreases the convenience of electronic mail and creates a risk that wanted electronic mail messages, both commercial and noncommercial, will be lost, overlooked, or discarded amidst the larger volume of unwanted messages, thus reducing the reliability and usefulness of electronic mail to the recipient. Some commercial electronic mail contains material that many recipients may consider vulgar or pornographic in nature. The growth in unsolicited commercial electronic mail imposes significant monetary costs on providers of Internet access services, businesses, and educational and nonprofit institutions that carry and receive such mail, as there is a finite volume of mail that such providers, businesses, and institutions can handle without further investment in infrastructure. Many senders of unsolicited commercial electronic mail purposefully disguise the source of such mail. Many senders of unsolicited commercial electronic mail purposefully include misleading information in the messages' subject lines in order to induce the recipients to view the messages. While some senders of commercial electronic mail messages provide simple and reliable ways for recipients to reject (or "opt-out" of) receipt of commercial electronic mail from such senders in the future, other senders provide no such "opt-out" mechanism, or refuse to honor the requests of recipients not to receive electronic mail from such senders in the future, or both. Many senders of bulk unsolicited commercial electronic mail use computer programs to gather large numbers of electronic mail addresses on an automated basis from Internet websites or online services where users must post their addresses in order to make full use of the website or service. The problems associated with the rapid growth and abuse of unsolicited commercial electronic mail cannot be solved by the government alone. The development and adoption of technological approaches and the pursuit of cooperative efforts with other countries will be necessary as well.
21. According to the passage, efficiency of e-mail is threatened by ______.
A.heavy e-mail traffic
B.fraudulent e-mail messages
C.large volume of messages
D.increasing amount of unwanted e-mail
A B C D
D
[解析] 本题考查细节理解。根据文章第二段第一句“The convenience and efficiency of electronic mail are threatened by unsolicited commercial electronic mail”，从第三段得知unsolicited commercial electronic mail指的是unwanted messages。所以，答案是D。
22. Which of the following is NOT true about unwanted e-mail?
A.It costs money to receive them.
B.It's free to store them.
C.It takes time to access them.
D.It takes time to throw them away.
A B C D
B
[解析] 本题考查是非判断。根据文章第三段第一句“The receipt of unsolicited commercial electronic mail may result in costs to recipients who cannot refuse to accept such mail and who incur costs for the storage of such mail, or for the time spent accessing, reviewing, and discarding such mail, or for both.”可知，A、C、D三项均正确。根据此句可知，储存此信息要收费用，因此选项B不正确。所以，答案是B。
23. Unwanted e-mail may ______.
A.cause companies to fail in business
B.cause wanted e-mail messages to lose
C.damage the credit of a company
D.do good to a small company
A B C D
B
[解析] 本题考查细节理解。根据文章第三段第二句“The receipt of a large number of unwanted messages also decreases the convenience of electronic mail and creates a risk that wanted electronic mail messages, both commercial and noncommercial, will be lost, overlooked, or discarded...”可知，收到大量垃圾短信有可能会使有用的信息丢失。所以，答案是B。
24. "Pornographic" in Paragraph 3 probably means ______.
A.decent
B.instructional
C.sexual
D.commercial
A B C D
C
[解析] 本题考查词义理解。将解题点定位在第三段最后一句“Some commercial electronic mail contains material that many recipients may consider vulgar or pornographic in nature.”，or前后连接的内容也应该相近，因此，pornographic应与or前面的vulgar“粗俗的”近义。decent“正派的，有分寸的”，instructional“指导的，教育的”，sexual“性的”，commercial“商业的”。Pornographic“色情的”。所以，答案是C。
25. What does unwanted e-mail messages do to the providers of the Internet services?
A.Raising their cost.
B.Raising the Internet speed.
C.Improving their business.
D.Attracting investment.
A B C D
A
[解析] 本题考查细节理解。根据文章第四段第一句“The growth in unsolicited commercial electronic mail imposes significant monetary costs on providers of Internet access services, businesses，and educational and nonprofit institutions that.”可知，未加选择的商业电子邮件的增多会增加因特网服务提供商的费用。所以，答案是A。
26. "Disguise" in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______.
A.reveal
B.hide
C.deliver
D.post
A B C D
B
[解析] 本题考查词义理解。根据文章第四段最后一句“Many senders of unsolicited commercial electronic mail purposefully disguise the source of such mail.”可知，很多未加选择的商业电子邮件的发送者会故意disguise此类邮件的来源。根据上文可知，未加选择的商业电子邮件有许多危害，所以发送者不希望人们知道信息来源。因此，hide“隐藏，掩饰”符合语境。Reveal“展现，揭示”；deliver“递送，陈述”；post“邮递，张贴”，均不正确。disguise“隐瞒，掩饰”。所以，答案是B。
27. The word "induce" in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ______.
A.cheat
B.introduce
C.provide
D.harm
A B C D
A
[解析] 本题考查词义理解。根据文章第五段第一句“Many senders of unsolicited commercial electronic mail purposefully include misleading information in the messages' subject lines in order to induce the recipients to view the messages”可知，很多未加选择的商业电子邮件的发送者会故意包含一些误导人的信息以induce邮件的接收者。Cheat“欺骗，骗取”，introduce“介绍”，provide“提供”，harm“伤害”。A项意思符合语境。所以，答案是A。
28. "Opt-out" mechanism is probably ______.
A.a machine that can be attached to your computer
B.a button that you can make a choice to read or not to read
C.a software that you can play a computer game
D.an e-mail that says some good words to you
A B C D
B
[解析] 本题考查细节理解。解题点位于第五段第二句“While some senders of commercial electronic mail messages provide simple and reliable ways for recipients to reject(or "opt-out" of) receipt of commercial electronic mail from such senders in the future, other senders provide no such "opt-out" mechanism, or refuse to honor the requests of recipients not to receive electronic mail from such senders in the future，or both.”，分析句子可知，一些垃圾邮件发送者为接收者提供一些简单可靠的方式让他们拒绝在以后收到此类信息，而另一些发送者不提供此类方式。“opt-out”mechanism应指“提供一些简单可靠的方式让他们拒绝在以后收到此类信息”，即接收者有权选择读或是不读此类信息。所以，答案是B。
29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 6 that bulk unsolicited commercial e-mail will probably spread ______.
30. The unwanted e-mail problem can be solved if ______.
A.the government takes action
B.a new technology is adopted
C.more people are aware of the problem
D.joint efforts are made and new technology is used
A B C D
D
[解析] 本题考查细节理解。根据文章最后一段“The problems associated with the rapid growth and abuse of unsolicited commercial electronic mail cannot be solved by the government alone. The development and adoption of technological approaches and the pursuit of cooperative efforts with other countries will be necessary as well.”可知，A、B两项均不全面。C项内容未提及。只有D项“人们共同的努力和新技术的使用”最全面。所以，答案是D。
Section 3: Cloze Test In the following passage, there are 20 blanks representing words that are missing from the context. Be-low the passage, each blank has 4 choices marked by letters A, B, C and D respectively. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency(crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories 1 on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 2 they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through 3 with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in 4 to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, 5 as a rejection of middle, class values. Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, 6 the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes 7 lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are 8 to criticism. Changes in the social structure may indirectly 9 juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that 10 to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment 11 make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in 12 lead more youths into criminal behavior. Families have also 13 changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; 14 , children are likely to have less supervision at home 15 was common in the traditional family 16 . This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other 17 causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased 18 of drugs and alcohol, and the growing 19 of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 20 a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.
1.
A.acting
B.relying
C.centering
D.commenting
A B C D
C
[解析] 本题要求判断空格处应填入什么分词与on搭配，构成分词短语。从结构上看，文章第一段由三个平行结构的长句子构成，其主要结构为Many theories concerning...focus on; Theories (91) on the individual suggest that; Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that。三个句子的主语都是theories，并都接有分词作定语。因此空格处填入的分词应和前一句中的concerning、后一句中的focusing on遥相呼应，都表示关于……的理论的含义，从文意方面看，第一句话总述到，关于(concerning)青少年犯罪缘由的理论集中研究两个方面，即个人因素和社会因素。第二句强调个人因素的理论，第三句强调(focusing on)社会因素的理论。能表达出集中强调含义的分词短语只有centering on。
2.
A.before
B.unless
C.until
D.because
A B C D
D
[解析] 本题要求判断空格处应填入什么连词。首先，从结构上看，本题的空格在一个由that引导的宾语从句中：Theories suggest that...。该从句含有两个完整的分句：children engage in criminal behavior和they were not sufficiently penalized。考生关键要判断出这两个在空格前后的分句之间是什么逻辑关系。其次，根据文意，强调个人因素的理论把犯罪归结于个人原因，按照其观点，儿童以前的不良行为没有及时地受到惩处就是儿童犯罪的原因之一，两者之间是因果关系。选项中只有连词because表因果，因此是正确答案。
3.
A.interaction
B.assimilation
C.cooperation
D.consultation
A B C D
A
[解析] 本题要求判断空格处应填入什么名词，与with others搭配构成名词短语作through的介词宾语。首先排除assimilation，它不能与with搭配。空格所在的分句是they have learned criminal behavior through (93) with others，其中介词through表明和其他人的……是孩子们学会犯罪的途径或方式。考生接下来要判断选项中哪个名词短语可以表示出一种学会犯罪的途径或方式。显然，只有interaction with others符合，意为和他人的相互影响，即受到坏人的影响(而学会了犯罪)。注意cooperation with多为褒义，而且也不能说是“通过合作”来学会犯罪。
4.
A.return
B.reply
C.reference
D.response
A B C D
D
[解析] 本题要求判断选项中哪个能与in...to构成短语并符合文意。首先排除return，因为它只与介词for搭配，构成短语in return for。其次，空格所在长句意为(强调社会角色的)理论认为，孩子们犯罪是他们自己没有成功地超越现有的社会经济地位的 (94) ，根据句意，可先排除C选项in reference to，因为它表示关于……、就……而言，填入空格后明显语义不通。最后对in reply to和in response to进行比较，区别这两个短语的关键在其中心名词reply和response。reply指回答，答复，如：in reply to the letters(回信)，而response多表示一种自发的反应。这个题目的正确选项应是in response to，因为孩子们犯罪是对自己没有成功地超越现有的社会经济地位的一种自发的、本能的反应行为。
5.
A.or
B.but rather
C.but
D.or else
A B C D
A
[解析] 本题要求判断空格前后两个部分之间的逻辑关系。从结构上看，in response to their failure和as a rejection of middle-class values都是commit crimes的状语，分别表示作为对自己没有……的一种自发的、本能的反应和作为对中产阶级价值观的排斥。从文意上看，社会影响理论强调造成孩子犯罪有两个方面的原因：一是社会经济方面；二是社会价值观方面。显然无论从结构还是意思上，这两者都是并列关系，需要一个表并列的连词来连接，所以选择or正确。
6.
A.considering
B.ignoring
C.highlighting
D.discarding
A B C D
B
[解析] 虽然该空格要填入的是分词，但重点要辨析的是其中心动词是否符合文意。从结构上看，空格所在句子含有主句Most theories have focused on children和做状语的现在分词结构 (96) the fact，那么填入的分词和主句的谓语：focused on都是主语most theories发出的动作，关键看这两个动作间是什么关系，仅从结构上无法判断，因为分词可以作时间、原因、方式等多种状语。这时需要从文意上判断，主句意为大部分研究青少年犯罪的理论都关注来自贫穷家庭的孩子，从句意为……来自富有家庭的孩子也犯罪的事实。从逻辑上讲，只关注贫穷家庭的孩子的情况会导致不关注富裕家庭孩子的情况的结果。两者之间是因果关系，分词结构在这里作的是结果状语。选项中能表达不关注含义的只有ignoring，它在这里作结果状语，译为于是就忽视了。注意discarding不能与fact搭配。
7.
A.on
B.in
C.for
D.with
A B C D
C
[解析] 首先要知道空格所在句子的主语the latter(后者)指前一句话中提到的富有家庭的孩子，其次要搞清楚空格前后部分。The latter may commit crimes和lack of adequate parental control之间的逻辑关系。由于上文一直在探讨青少年犯罪的原因，这里也不例外，谈论的是富有家庭的孩子犯罪是由于缺少父母管教，空格处需填入表因果关系的介词，因此for正确。
8.
A.immune
B.resistant
C.sensitive
D.subject
A B C D
D
[解析] 本题要求判断选项中哪个形容词可以与介词to搭配，并作空格所在句子中be动词的表语。首先，四个形容词都可以和to搭配，如：immune to persuasion(不能被说服的)；resistant to corrosion(抗腐蚀的)；sensitive to criticism(对批评敏感的)；subject to colds(容易感冒的)，关键看哪个能符合句意。空格所在句子是All theories are tentative and are (98) to criticism。考生应注意句中由and连接的两个be动词后的表语都描述了主语所有理论的特点，因此是并列关系。把四个选项一一放入，只有subject to表达的容易受到批评和攻击与tentative表达的“试验性的、不确定的”在含义上近似，不确定就意味着容易遭受批评和攻击。
9.
A.affect
B.reduce
C.check
D.reflect
A B C D
A
[解析] 空格处需填入一个谓语动词，其主语是Changes in the social structure，宾语是juvenile crime rates，同时受副词indirectly修饰。考生关键要判断主语社会结构的变化能间接地对宾语青少年犯罪率做什么动作。首先，由于文中只提到社会结构的变化，没有具体指明向哪个方面的变化，所以不能用check或reduce这类表单方向作用的词，而且上下文中也没涉及犯罪率高低变化的问题。其次，reflect也不合适，逻辑上讲，只能是“犯罪率(的变化)反映了社会结构的变迁”，而不能反过来说“社会结构的变化反映了犯罪率(的变化)”。affect词义相符，表示社会结构的变化间接地影响了青少年犯罪率。
10.
A.point
B.lead
C.come
D.amount
A B C D
B
[解析] 本题空格所在句子是一个that引导的定语从句，从句的主语是that的先行词changes in the economy，谓语是空格处填入的动词与to的搭配，宾语是fewer job opportunities and rising unemployment。由于四个选项动词都可与to搭配，组成短语动词，如：point to the sharp death in road death(指明马路死亡事故剧增)；too much work lead to illness(劳累过度引起生病)；come to an understanding(达成谅解)；Her standards amounted to perfection(她简直要求事事十全十美)。因此关键要判断哪个短语动词符合句意。 首先，从结构上看，这个短语动词 (100) to应该反映逻辑主语经济变化对宾语减少的工作机会施加的动作。从备选项看，只有B项lead to能表达经济变化与减少的工作机会之间的关系，即经济变化导致了年轻人就业机会减少，其余三项都不符合逻辑，不能说“经济变化指向/到达/等同于工作机会减少”。
11.
A.in general
B.on average
C.by contrast
D.at length
A B C D
A
[解析] 由于空格所在长句的主干结构已经完整：changes in the economy(主语)make(谓语)employment(宾语)difficult to obtain(宾补)，填入的短语显然只能作状语来修饰谓语。需要判断哪个短语填入后能使句子意思更加完整。根据句子的含义(导致年轻人工作机会减少，失业率上升)的经济变化 (101) 使收入丰厚的工作很难被找到，只有in general放入后符合逻辑，表示一种普遍规律：经济形势不好，一般就业就很困难。
[解析] 空格的前文是一个主干结构完整的句子，children are likely to have less supervision at home，空格的后文是：was common in the traditional family。显然这里包含了一个从句，由空格处的词连接。解题的关键词是less，它只能和than搭配构成比较级。句子的含义是：(现在的)孩子们在家里得到的父母的监护，要比(than)在传统的家庭里普遍的(监护)少(less)。需要注意than在这里的用法。than在带有比较级的句子中可以作关系代词，兼有连词和代词的性质，相当于than what，比如这句话就相当于children have less supervision than(what) was common in the traditional family。例句：The boy has eaten more food than is good for his health就相当于...eaten more food than(what) is good for his health。(那个孩子吃得太多，多得对身体都不好了。) 再看三个干扰项。that比较容易排除，它常在关系从句中做关系代词，代替先行词，可以是名词或代词。这个题目难在其他两个干扰项：which和as似乎可以放入空格中，作关系代词，代替前面整个句子，意为这种情况在传统家庭中很普遍。但考生要注意：首先，which和as的这种用法都用在非限定性从句中，即用逗号隔开，如：He took over the government，which was unlawful.(他接管了政府，这一行为实际是非法的。)She usually takes a nap after lunch．as is her habit.(午饭后她一般午睡，这已经成了习惯。)其次，填入which和as，句子的含义就成了：孩子们在家里得到的监护越来越少的现象在传统家庭中非常普遍。因为文章谈到造成孩子无人看管，正是由于家庭结构的变化，即传统的家庭变成单亲和双职工家庭所造成的。显然它们不符合上下文意。
16.
A.system
B.structure
C.concept
D.heritage
A B C D
B
[解析] 本题要求判断family后接什么中心名词。此题有几个线索，第一个线索在上一题中也提到，即空格所在句子中的比较级。从中可分析出：the traditional family (106) families consist of one-parent households or two working parents是相对照的，后者为现代家庭的组成方式即结构，那么前者空格处也应相应地填入一个表“结构”含义的词。第二个线索离得比较远，第三段首句提到changes in the social structure，接下来依次提到changes in the economy和families have also experienced changes，因此后面两个变化是第一个变化的分述，即从社会结构谈到经济结构和家庭结构，而且后面提到的“单亲和双职工家庭”等也确实是在谈论家庭结构问题，因此空格处应填入这个不止一次出现的关键词structure。
17.
A.assessable
B.identifiable
C.negligible
D.incredible
A B C D
B
[解析] 空格的前文是lack of parental supervision is an influence(影响，原因)on juvenile crime rates，下文是other (107) causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school...。因此填入的形容词首先可以修饰causes，其次，根据句意，其他……的原因，言外之意就是前面提到的是一个……的原因，也就是说这个形容词是上下文提到的所有原因的共同特点。上文提到的原因是缺乏管教，下文提到的原因是在学校里形成的挫败感或学习不及格、酗酒、毒品、虐待儿童等。再分析四个选项，只有identifiable是所有原因的共同特点，即这些原因都是人们已经有所了解的。
18.
A.expense
B.restriction
C.allocation
D.availability
A B C D
D
[解析] 本题要求在空格处填入一个中心名词，它可以同时被increased和drugs and alcohol修饰，描述造成青少年犯罪的一种原因。首先可排除allocation，因为它不能被increased修饰。其次，从逻辑上讲，毒品和酒精的价钱(expense)提高、对毒品和酒精的限制(restriction)增多都不应该是造成犯罪的原因，反而有可能减少犯罪。只有(青少年)越来越容易接触(availability)毒品和酒精才可能引起犯罪。
19.
A.incidence
B.awareness
C.exposure
D.popularity
A B C D
A
[解析] 和上题一样，这个空格填入的中心名词同时被growing和child abuse and child neglect修饰，描述造成青少年犯罪的另一种原因。由于四个选项都可以被growing修饰，解题的关键只能是根据逻辑语义做出判断。首先儿童受虐待和得不到关怀的日益普及(popularity)明显不可能。其次不断意识到(awareness)或不断暴露(exposure)儿童受虐待和得不到关怀不但不是犯罪发生的原因，反而有利于减少犯罪。只有儿童受虐待和得不到关怀事件(的发生)(incidence)日益增多才符合文意。
20.
A.provided
B.since
C.although
D.supposing
A B C D
C
[解析] 空格前后是两个完整的分句：All these conditions tend to increase the probability和a direct causal relationship has not yet been established，需要判断这两句话之间的逻辑关系。前一句话谈到，所有这些情形都提高了青少年犯罪的可能性；后一句谈到，直接的因果关系还没有确定。前面谈已确定的(identifiable)原因，后面谈还不确定。两者间显然是转折关系。表转折的连词只有although。
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