Part Ⅰ Writing Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Good Manners. You should write at least 120 words according to the guidelines given below in Chinese;
1. 1.良好的行为举止是一个人高素质的体质； 2.在当今社会中，良好的行为举止至关重要； 3.鼓励和号召人们注重个人举止，讲文明礼貌。 Good Manners
Model Essay One Good Manners People all over the world set great regard on good manners. To a certain degree, good manners indicate a person' s good education and breeding. In schools, it is part of students' moral training to develop good manners. A person with good manners always wins praise. On the contrary, people will frown on him if he behaves roughly and impolitely. There are. good manners in which we hehave in public places. It is a good manner to offer help to the young, the old and the handicapped when they are in need of it. So is it to conduct ourselves politely and keep away from dilly words. Besides, we should guard against such minor offences as making a load noise, casting shells, smoking and spitting. If everyone has developed good manners, people will form a more harmonious relationship. If everyone behaves considerately towards others and follows the social ethics, people will live in a better world. With the general mood of society improved, there will be a progress of civilization. Model Essay Two Good Manners Good manners reflect good qualities of a person. Good manners mean good behavior and the right way of doing and saying at the right time. Friends can judge us and respect or despise us by our manners. If we are rude and impolite in speech, people will keep away from us. Good manners make a great difference in your social life. Manners are important for both men and women and are very practical. Sometimes manners can count more than anything else in the first impression you make. They help you to make new friends and to get along with people. Good manners, such as sense of humor, a sweet smile, a cheerful "hello" or a short "thank you" reveal your good breeding and help clear up misunderstandings. Good manners need constant development. You should always observe and learn good manners from other people in various situations. What' s more, you must also practice good manners yourself and keep at it until they become part of you.
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly For questions 1 - 7, mark Y(for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N(for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG(for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 8 - 10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.(47) History of Public Transportation In 1915, the Morrellville line was extended into Oakhurst and an underpass was built on Fairfield Avenue at the PRR tracks. Twenty additional cars were delivered in 1916 and 1917, replacing many of the older single truck cars. By 1918, the traction company reported that they operated 108 cars over 35.7 miles of track. It should be noted that the number of cars seems high for the size of the city, but at that time the company kept summer cars, winter cars and trailers. Moving along with transportation improvements, the traction company formed a subsidiary, the Traction Bus Co. , to operate motorbus lines that would connect with the streetcar routes. This new company received its charter on Nov. 15, 1922. The first bus began its run seven days later from the Dale trolley loop to Windber, via Geistown. By 1920, the traction company wanted to retire its aging single truck cars. Over the next six years, it purchased 45 double truck cars. A number of these were second-hand, coming from Cleveland and Somerset. They also obtained three new cars for the Windber line in 1924 and 20 new ears for other routes in 1926. With the acquisition of the second-hand cars, the company began to paint the cars and buses Omaha Orange and Panama Sand, with medium gray roof, black undercarriage and striping. In 1929, the company expanded its bus routes with the acquisition of the Southern Cambria and the Beaverdale and South Fork bus lines after the Southern Cambria Railway folded. During 1930, the bridge over the Stonycreek at Point Stadium was completed, and the city required the traction company to relocate its Coopersdale and Morrellville car lines from tile north side of the river. The first car operated along Point Boulevard (Roosevelt Boulevard) on Oct. 19, 1930. In November 1931, the company was placed in receivership for failure to pay interest on its bonds. The receivers ran the system for a year, while refinancing and reorganizing the company on Dec. 3, 1932, retaining the same title. The traction company was hardly out of one trouble when it was hit by another. Rain combined with melting snows caused flooding on March 17, 1936, closing all of the streetcar lines. The Stonycreek washed out much of the Windber line; the Coopersdale car house was under five feet of water; and 10 cars were trapped on the city streets. By the end of March, the company had four of its lines operating. However, after surveying the damaged Windber line, it declared that the damage was too extensive to repair, and the cars were terminated on the Benscreek side of the Stonycreek. Buses were substituted over Route 56. With more and more bus routes being added, the traction company, in 1936, saw the need for closer control. On Jan. 1, 1937, the bus companies were merged into the parent firm. In 1938, Westmont residents requested improved service. Tile Inclined Plane, which carried vehicles for many years, was rebuilt to handle heavier loads, and bus service was initiated via the Inclined Plane to Westmont on an hourly basis. Loss in patronage in the late 1930's caused the company to look toward buses to reduce costs on lightly traveled car lines. Dale was motorized on Aug. 2, 1940, but wartime shortages and increased patronage postponed further conversions. World War II caused a transit boom. During 1941 and 1942, the company was able to purchase 14 used streetcars and 11 new diesel buses. It rebuilt much of the Southmont line, using rail from the old Somerset line, and replaced rail on the Franklin line. The Office of Defense Transportation ordered bus service cut 20 percent and bus and streetcar lines combined to save gasoline and tires. In August 1942, women began training to operate the buses. The American Federation of Labor organized the operators and shop and maintenance employees in 1941. They struck twice in 1943, for one day each, against the War Labor Board's reduction in wages. For three successive years, 1942-1944, the company paid a dividend, the first since several years before the company's 1932 reorganization. The year 1943 marked the all-time highest record for riders, with 17,047,406. The citizens of Johnstown had wondered about the advisability of purchasing additional used cars in 1941 and 1942, but soon they were glad to find space aboard them, as wartime shortages caused all time high-riding records. Beginning in 1945, the company bought all its power from the Pennsylvania Electric Co.. The out power plant was changed into a substation and two new rectifiers were installed. After several profitable years, the company decided that the streetcars should remain, and it did not resume conversions. Instead, the company surprised the transportation industry when it ignored the second-hand market in March 1945 and placed an order for 17 new trolleys known as PCCs. Financing was arranged for the new cars, as well as 14 buses, loops at Ferndale and Roxbury and two miles of new track for the Franklin line. On Jan. 25, 1947, the first of the new cars arrived. They represented the latest work in public conveyances. These new cars were the first "all electric" St. Louis cars, and Johnstown was the smallest city in the country to operate them. In September 1951, tile company began to convert Homer Street to trackless trolley operations. The first trackless coaches ran on Nov. 20. Service on the line was provided by six 48-seat coaches of St. Louis Car Co.. The mid 1950's brought an industrial slowdown, which reduced service to five PCCs on 30-40 minute headways. The Franklin line was temporarily cut back, in 1956, to the west end of the Franklin Borough Bridge while a new bridge was being erected. A crossover was installed to allow ears to be cut back, and again the old double-end cars saw service on the line. Surprisingly, at this late date, new rail was installed on the new bridge, and the PCCs had resumed service. Buses were substituted on the Benscreek line during 1957, and overhead work was begun on the Roxbury-Morrellville trackage in preparation for conversion to trackless trolley service. In June of the same year, the company purchased 10 second-hand trolley coaches from Wilmington, DE, and 11 from Covington, KY. These were reconditioned and painted in the company shops. Ferndale and Coopersdale were converted to bus operation on Nov. 25, 1959. During 1959, the last full year of trolley service, the company had 38 cars (16 PCCs, 18 Light-weights, 4 work), 27 trolley coaches and 45 buses. It operated 27.04 miles of streetcar lines and 7.7 miles of trackless trolley route. All rail operations were halted on June 11, 1960, and buses we e substituted. This conversion, prompted by the city's institution of a one-way street system, occurred before the Roxbury-Morrellville line could be completely converted to use by the trackless trolley coaches. This service began on Sept. 26, 1960, after the city paved the center of Roxbury Avenue. Trackless trolley operations were terminated and converted to bus service in November 1967.
1. In order to retire its aging single truck cars, over the next six years, the company bought 45 double truck cars, half of which were second-hand, coming from Cleveland and Somerset, partly for lack of money.
NG
2. On March 17, 1936, rain combined with melting snows caused flooding, closing all of the streetcar lines. The Stonycreek washed out much of the Windber line; the Coopersdale car house was under five feet of water; 10 cars were trapped on the city streets;and two passengers were killed.
NG
3. World War Ⅱ caused a transit prosperity during 1941 and 1942. The company was able to buy 14 used streetcars.
Y
4. Johnstown was the smallest city and the first city in the country to operate "all electric" St. Louis cars.
NG
5. On June 11, 1960 buses replaced all rail operations.
Y
6. The industrial slowdown in the mid 1950's reduced service to only two PCCs on 3040 minute headways.
N
7. Trackless trolley operations were done away with and replaced by bus service in November 1967.
Y
8. In 1941 and 1942 the citizens of Johnstown had thought about advisability of building ______.
additional used cars
9. When the company ordered 17 pccs in March 1945, it gave a surprise to the______.
transportation industry
10. During 1957 a crossover was began to prepare conversion to______.
trackless trolley service
Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension
Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre
Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
[解析] M: No mail for me today? They must have forgotten about me. I hope everything is all right at home. W: No news is good news. Remember many things am slow these days. Q: What can we learn from the conversation?
[解析] W：What do you think of the plan to build an atomic power station in the village? M：I don't agree at all．It will rain the village．And in any case I don't think it is necessary． Q：What is the man's attitude towards the plan?
[解析] W：Steven will be a college freshman in the fall．I'm a little worried about him．He's never been away from home before． M：Well，it has to happen sooner or later．He has to learn to take care of himself and to stand on his own feet． Q：What does the man imply?
[解析] 理解归纳题。本题主要考查对男士话语的理解。女士为即将上大学的Steven表示担心，因为他从未离开过家。男士认为这一天迟早会到来，他必须学会照顾自己，学会自立(stand on his own feet )，故应选C)。
4.
A.She is going to see a film.
B.She is going to attend a concert.
C.She is going to the library.
D.She is going to visit her friends.
A B C D
B
[解析] M：Susan，are you free this evening? How about going to the movie? W：I'm sorry．I have to go to the library now and then my friends had already invited me to a concert at eight． Q：What is Susan going to do with her friends this evening?
[解析] 信息明示题。男士想邀请Susan 去看电影，但是女士因有约在先 (my friends had already invited me to a concert)而无法赴约。所以，今晚她要和朋友们去听音乐会。
5.
A.In the library.
B.In the shop.
C.In the lab.
D.In the restaurant.
A B C D
A
[解析] W：Are you being served，sir? What call I do for you? M：No，I'll try to get this book renewed．You know，it's so helpful that I can't finish my research paper without it Q：Where does the conversation probably take place?
[解析] 关键词题。本题着重考查学生对关键词(get the book renewed)的把握。女士问男士是否需要服务，男士说他想要续借图书，因为他要参考这本书来完成论文。根据常识可知，续借图书应该发生在图书馆(library)。
6.
A.The woman is being interviewed by a reporter.
B.The woman is asking for a promotion.
C.The woman is applying for a job.
D.The woman is being given an examination.
A B C D
C
[解析] M：Now，I'm going to start off by asking you a difficult question．Why would you like to get this post? W：Well--first of all I know that your firm has a very good reputation．Then I've heard you offer good opportunities for promotion for the right person． Q：What do we learn from this conversation?
[解析] M：Helen told me you had been on a diet．How much weight have you lost? W：Well，to start with，I weighed 150 pounds．The first two months I took off ten pounds，but then I gained back four over the holidays． Q：How much does the woman weigh now?
[解析] M：I've been working out at the gym since February so... I'd been waiting to get in better shape． W：You look terrific! Seems like all your hard work has paid off． Q：What does the woman mean?
[解析] 理解归纳题。男士说自己为了拥有好的体形，自从二月以来就一直在体育馆锻炼(work out)。女士夸奖说：看来你所付出的辛苦已经有所回报(all your hard work has paid off)，言外之意是说，男士经过艰苦的体育锻炼取得了很好的效果，故C)项正确。
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
[解析] 19-21 M: Have you ever visited a redwood forest? I recently had a chance to go to Muirwoods National Monument north of San Francisco. W: I've never seen a redwood tree. I really can't imagine how big they are. M: The costal redwoods are the tallest living taings. Some are more than three hundred and fifty feet high. But none of the trees at Muirwoods is that high. You have to go further north in California to see the tallest trees. W: You said that Muirwoods is near San Francisco? I guess it must be quite a tourist attraction. M: Yes, it's less than an hour's drive away, so it's easy to go to. W: I've heard that many redwood trees are thousands of years old. Are the ones in Muirwoods that old? M: The oldest documented age for a coastal' redwood is more than two thousand years. The trees at Muirwoods are 400 o 800 years old. W: Why have they survivied so long? M: They have remarkable resistance to forest fires. Their tough, thick cover protects the trees during a fire. The coastal redwoods also like a damp, foggy climate. W: Then since Muirwocds is near foggy San Francisco, it must be ideal for the trees' survival. I can't wait to go there and see them! 19. What is the main subject of this conversation?
[解析] 22-25 W: Dr. Anderson, could you please clarify the requirements for this course? Some of us are a little bit confused about the final examination. M: Oh? Well, you have two options in this course. You can either take a final examination or you can write a research paper instead. W: Excuse me, Dr. Anderson. That's the point I need. you to clarify. What kind of research paper did you have in mind? A study? A report? A book review, perhaps? M: A report. A summary really, based upon current research in the field. W: How long should the report be7 M: Length is really not important. I should think that it would take at least ten pages in order to develop the topic, however. W: And should we check the topic with you before we begin writing? M: You may, if you wish. But the only requirement is that it relate to current trends in United States foreign policy. Are you considering writing a paper, Jane? W: I'm not sure. I think that I'd like to know a little bit more about the examination. M: All right. One hundred multiple-choice questions covering both the lectures and the outside readings. W: Didn't you say that you would give us one hour for the examination? M: Yes, I did. 22. What are the requirements for Dr. Anderson's course?
Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre
Passage One Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
[解析] 26-28 The ground water can be divided into "soft water" and "hard water". Soft water has few impurities or none at all while hard water contains some more dissolved minerals. In general, hard water is drinkable, but it may have a slight taste because of various minerals. One place where hard water can be found is a ground underlying a base of limestone and shale. Rainwater dissolves materials as it comes down and this results in water's taste and hardness. We can sometimes find ground water that is almost as soft as rainwater under a bare sandy area. These clays hard water from the underground is popular among the citizens of this country. They believe that mineral water is good for health, but some hard water has the dissolved minerals that are harmful to our body. Scientists suggest that all the ground water should be specially treated before, it is sold. 26. What is the difference between bard water and soft water?
[解析] 事实细节题。软水和硬水的主要区别在于"Soft water has few impurities... while hard water contains some more dissolved minerals．”故B)正确。A)将软水和硬水的水质特点弄混了；文章说到，一般来说，硬水是可以饮用的，所以选项C)不正确；而无论软水还是硬水，都要经过特殊的处理后才能饮用，因此排除D)。
2.
A.Rain water dissolves materials as it comes down a base of limestone or shale.
B.People put dissolved materials into the soft water.
C.People treated hard water with special medicine.
D.Rainwater mixed with seawater.
A B C D
A
[解析] What causes the taste of ground water?
[解析] 事实细节题。从“Rainwater dissolves materials as it comes down and this results in water's taste and hardness．”可知，雨水下落时溶解矿物质，使地表水有了味道和硬度。
3.
A.We should drink more hard water.
B.We should drink mere soft water.
C.Ground water is good for the elderly people.
D.Ground water has to be, treated before we drink it.
A B C D
D
[解析] What is the advice from the scientists?
[解析] 事实细节题。从"Scientists suggest that all the ground water should be specially treated before it is sold. "可知，科学家建议地表水必须在经过处理后才能饮用。
Passage Two Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
[解析] 29-32 The climate of the west coast is the most moderate in Canada. Summers are cool and fairly dry and winters are mild, cloudy and wet. Even in mid-winter, average temperatures arc usually above freezing. The central plain from the Rocky Mountains to Great Lakes is characterized by cold winters, short but hot summers, and light snow and rain. The large water-surfaces of Central and Eastern Canada produce considerable modification in the climate. Southern Ontario, and Quebec experience cold, damp winters and hot, humid summers. Most of Atlantic Canada has a humid climate owing to its maritime character. Nevertheless, it experiences weather systems arriving front the dry continental interior as well as from the sea. The combined influence of these systems creates some of the most variable day-to-day weather conditions to be encountered anywhere in Canada. The north-central part of Canada is usually snow-covered for more than half of the year, with a frost-free period of barely two months. Rain is relatively light. Further north, on the islands along the Arctic coast and round Hudson Bay, the land is always frozen. Average temperatures stay above freezing for only a few weeks of the year. The Arctic Islands and the northern border of the mainland do not have a summer season of the kind known in Southern Canada. 29. According to the passage, in which part of Canada is the climate most changeable?
[解析] 事实细节题。文章中提到加拿大的中部湖区和东部地区气候变化相当大(produce considerable modification in the climate)，所以应选C)。A)文中提到北冰洋沿岸最冷(frozen)；B)文章中提到西海岸地区的气候最温和(the most moderate)；D)文中提到中部平原地区的气候特点是冬冷夏热，雨雪较少(cold winters，short but hot summers，and light snow and rain)。这道题问的是哪个地区气候最多变，这二项都答非所问，故应排除。
2.
A.Ten-month frost.
B.Modification.
C.Humidity.
D.No summer.
A B C D
A
[解析] What characteristic does the north-central part have?
[解析] 推理判断题。文章中提到中北部地区大半年的时间为冰雪所覆盖，无霜期只有两个月(snow-covered for more than half the year，with a frost-free period of barely two months)，由此判断A)为正确答案。其他三项均不符合这一地区的气候特点，故应排除。
3.
A.The west coast.
B.The Arctic coast.
C.Southern Ontario.
D.Atlantic Canada.
A B C D
A
[解析] Which part of Canada is the most moderate according to this passage?
[解析] 事实细节题。文章的第一句话就直接指出：加拿大西海岸的气候最温和(the most moderate)，所以应该选择A)。
4.
A.Cold and dry.
B.Humidity and heat.
C.Light rain.
D.Variation.
A B C D
D
[解析] Which of the following can summarize the climate of Canada?
C.She felt excited to find she knew everyone there.
D.She felt quite sad that ,she was a stranger there.
A B C D
D
[解析] 33-35 It was years since I had visited my hometown and I was determined to enjoy my stay. I went to see my old friend, Tom Clark who, among other things, was a in ember of the Local Council. At the time Tom was busy making arrangements for a distinguished writer to give a talk on modem literature at the town library. As the subject interested me a great deal, I gladly accepted Tom's invitation to go with him. Tom was going to introduce the guest speaker and that evening we went to the library to meet him. Since he had not yet arrived, I left Tom and went into the Reading Room where a large audience had already gathered. I was disappointed to find that I did not know a single person there. Just before the talk was due to begin, I saw Tom waving to me from the doorway. I went to him immediately, as he looked very worried. He explained that he had just received a telephone message from the writer's secretary. Our guest speaker had missed the train and would be unable to come! While we were talking about the problem, Tom suddenly asked me if ! would mind acting as speaker. 1 hardly had time to think 'about the matter when I found I was being led into the Reading Room to address the waiting audience! 33. What happened to the speaker when she first went into the Reading Room?
Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you ore required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill la tire missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have first heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the pssage is read for the third time, you should cheek what you have written There axe 1 research methods you can use to 2 information. As a researcher, you can choose the method or methods that result in your 3 the most information. Your skill in using these methods improves with 4 , just as cooking improves with each dish. 5 interviews is one of the ways to acquire information. Deciding who to interview is your first step. You often find 6 interviewees through library research or by talking with others. Once you decide who to interview, you 7 the interview. You can conduct interviews in person, by phone, or even by mail. Your most important 8 is to be prepared for the interview. 9 . Asking questions becomes easier if you take a reporter's perspective. Asking who, where, when, what, how and why helps you explore all areas of a topic. Most people enjoy talking about subjects that interest them and sharing their knowledge with you. However, most people lead busy lives. They don't have time for your lack of preparation. 10 Your main job in an interview is to listen actively. Your interview depends on your ability to hear and focus on what is said. 11 . It allows you to note nonverbal communication.
动词，意为“找到，获取”，与 information 构成动宾短语，句意为“有许多调查方法可用来获取信息。”
3.
finding
名词，意为“发现”此处的 finding the most information 与第二段第一句的aequire information 属于同义转述.
4.
practice
名词，根据本句从句中的对应部分 each dish 可推断出此处为名词；而且，根据分句内容“烹饪技术随着做菜的实践而提高”不难推断出，运用这些方法的技巧随着实践而提高。
5.
Conducting
现在分词，与interviews 一起构成分词短语作主语，意为“进行采访”。
6.
potential
形容词，意为“潜在的”，原句意为：通过图书馆的调查或与他人交谈经常会发现潜在的采访对象。
7.
schedule
谓语动词，意为“安排时间”。
8.
responsibility
名词，根据常识可知，采访前应做好充分的准备，这是采防者的最重要的责任。
9.
Not only should you know about the person yon are interviewing，you need to know the questions you plan to ask．
[解析] You should have some knowledge of the background of your interviewee and your interview questions．
10.
A set of interview questions increases the chances that you will precisely and accurately get the information you need．
[解析] Proper interview questions will help you to get the valuable information．
11.
Using a tape recorder helps you concentrate on what your subject is saying．
[解析] The use of a tape recorder is very helpful for you to focus on your subject．
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. A subject which seems to have been insufficiently studied by doctors. tom and psychologists is the influence of geography and climate on the psychological and physical health of humankind. There seems no doubt that the general character of landscape, the relative length of day and night, and climate must all play a part in 1 what kind of people we are. It is true that a few studies have been made. Where all the inhabitants of a particular area enjoy 2 good or bad health, scientists have identified 3 factors such as the presence or absence of substances like iodine ,fluoride, calcium, or iron in the water supply, or perhaps types of land that provide 4 places for pests like mosquitoes or rats. Moreover, we,-can all 5 about types of people we have met. Those living in countries with long dark winters are 6 to be less talkative and less lively than inhabitants of countries where the climate is more 7 . And where olives and oranges grow, the inhabitants are cheerful, talkative and casual. But these commonplace generalizations are inadequate: the influence of climate and geography should be studied in 8 . Do all mountain 9 live to a ripe old age.'? Docs the drinking of wine, rather than beer, result in a sunny and open character? Is the strength and height of a Kenyan tribe due to their 10 drinking of the cow blood? We are not yet sure of the answers to such questions ,but let us hope that something. A. notably B. deciding C. determining D. established E. habitual F. breeding G. specialize H) steady I) apt G. equable K) generalize L) depth M) dwellers N) contributory O) exceptionally
1.
C
[解析] decide，determine 这两个词都有“决定”的意思，都可能被选为答案。但decide的含义是“不再迟疑不定”，而determine含义是把某件事确定下来，例如：to determine the guests to be invited(确定要邀请的客人)，这里内涵意思是：要请哪些人而不清哪些人。原文的含义是确定我们是属于哪种性格的人，所以应选择determining。
[解析] equable 和 steady 这两个形容词都有“缺少变化”的意思。steady 表示“连续性、规律性、稳定性或坚定性”，例如：steady progress (平稳进步)；the steady tick of the clock(钟表一成不变的滴答声)；equable暗示“由于内部或生来的特征导致缺乏变化，尤其是剧变”，例如：Her father，an equable and genial mall，is tolerant of her spirited stubbornness．(她的父亲，一个平和可亲的人，能容忍她倔强的脾气。)equable用来形容人们的脾气秉性。
Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One Americans still have been gaining weight, although they have cut their average fat intake from 36 to 34 percent of their total diets in the past 15 years. Indeed, cutting fat to control or lose weight makes sense. Fat has nine calories per gram. Protein and carbohydrates(碳水化合物) which break down into amino acids and simple sugars respectively, have just four. Moreover, the body uses fewer calories to metabolize(新陈代谢) fat than it does to metabolize other foods. But cutting fat from your diet doesn't necessarily mean your body won't store fat. For example, between nonfat and regular cookies, there's trivial difference in calories because manufacturers make up for the loss of fat by adding sugar. Low-fat crackers, soups and dressings can also be just as high in calories as richer versions. No matter where' the calories come from, overeating will still cause weight gain. The calories from fat just do it a little quicker. A Wisconsin computer programmer Who decided with a diet coach to eat only 40 grams of fat a day learned the lesson firsthand. He wasn't losing weight. Then he showed his food diary to his coach and revealed he'd been eating half a pound of jelly beans a day. "They don't have any fat," he explains. But they had enough sugar to keep him from losing an ounce. Nonfat foods become add-on foods. When we add them to our diet, we actually increase the number of calories we eat per day and gain weight. That was born out in a Pennsylvania State University study. For breakfast, Prof. Barbara Rolls gave two groups of women yogurt that contained exactly the same amount of calories. One group's yogurt label said "high fat"--the other, "low fat." The "low fat" yogurt group ate significantly more calories later in the day than the other group. "People think they've saved fat and can indulge themselves later in the day with no adverse consequences," says Richard Mattes, a nutrition researcher at Purdue University. "But when they do that, they don't compensate very precisely, and they often end up overdoing it."
1. Americans are still gaining weight though reducing the fat intake because______.
A.they eat regular cookies instead of nonfat ones
B.they eat too much
C.they eat too much sugar
D.they eat low-fat crackers, soups
A B C D
B
[解析] 推理判断题。文章在第二段首句提出“But cutting fat from your diet doesn't necessarily mean your body Won't store fat．”由此可知，单纯从饮食中减少脂肪并不一定就意味着你的身体不会储藏脂肪。接着作者举例论证了这一说法，并在下文中提到“No matter where the calories come from，overeating will still cause weight gain．”(不论卡路里来自何处，总之过量的饮食就会导致体重的增加。)综上所述，B)项为正确答案。[避错指导]第二段第二句提到“... between nonfat and regular cookies，there's trivial difference in calories ...”(普通曲奇饼干与脱脂曲奇饼干的卡路里含量差别很小，因为制造商会增加糖分来替代脂肪。)故可排除A)、D)两项；他们吃人多的糖并不是他们体重增加的原因，而是过量的饮食，故排除C)。
2. Which of the following contains fewer calories?
A.Fat.
B.Sugar
C.Protein and carbohydrates.
D.Amino acids.
A B C D
C
[解析] 事实细节题。根据文章首段第三、四句"Fat has nine calories per gram．Protein and carbohydrates ... have just four．”可知，每克脂肪含九个卡路里的热量，蛋白质和碳水化合物分别会分解成为氨基酸和单糖，每克只含有四个卡路里，可见蛋白质和碳水化合物所含卡路里较少。[避错指导]每克脂肪含有九个卡路里，多十蛋白质和碳水化合物的四个卡路里，故排除A)；文中并未指出单糖和氨基酸所含的卡路里数，故排除B)、D)两项。
3. What lesson did the computer programmer learn?
A.He shouldn't eat any sugar.
B.He should only eat nonfat food.
C.He shouldn't eat any food.
D.He shouldn't eat too much.
A B C D
D
[解析] 事实细节题。文章第二段第四、五句指出"No matter... a little quicker．”(不论卡路里来自何处，过量饮食都会导致体重的增加。只不过来自指肪的卡路里会稍微快一点让人的体重增加。)然后举了一个计算机程序员的经历加以说明，表明他亲身体验了这样的教训，故选D)。[避错指导]在作者举的例子中，那位计算机程序员控制了自己的脂肪摄入量，但过量食用不含脂肪却含有足够糖分的果冻，导致减重失败。由此可知：他在没有摄人脂肪的条件下，体重仍未减少，故排除B)；根据常识就可排除A)、C)两项。
4. From Professor Barbara's experiment, we can learn that______.
A.people increase the number of calories they eat per day and gain weight
B.the "low fat" yogurt group ate less calories later than the other group
C.two groups ate the same amount of yogurt
D.people who eat low fat yogurt will not gain weight
A B C D
A
[解析] 事实细节题。文章第三段第二、三句提到“When we add them to our diet,... was born out in...”，即当我们把不含脂肪的食物增加到我们饮食中时，实际上我们同时也就增加厂每天摄人的卡路里的数量，就会增加体重。这已被巴巴拉教授的研究所证明。下文接着就叙述了这位教授对两组妇女的实验，因此可知，这个实验是为了证明前面的理论，故应选A)。[避错指导]根据最后一段提到的“The ' low fat ' yogurt group ate significantly more calories later in the day than the other ”可知．”可知，食用低脂酸奶的那组在晚些时候比另一组人摄人了更多的卡路里，故排除B)；文中提到两组酸奶的卡路里的数量相同，但结果食用低脂的却摄人了更多的卡路里量，故可知这一组食用了更多的酸奶，故排除C)；从实验可知，食用低脂的人因摄人更多的卡路里并没有减肥，故排除D)。
5. What can be inferred from the passage?
A.To avoid being overweight, people should eat nonfat food.
B.Nonfat and regular food have no difference in calories.
C.Americans think it necessary to count calories of food.
D.We can eat nonfat food as much as we like.
A B C D
C
[解析] 推理判断题。从文章内容可知：脂肪中所含卡路里较多，但美国人由于过量食用卡路里少的食物，较之有些无脂肪的食物中由于糖分的添加而使卡路里摄入量加大而导致肥胖。由此推知，美国人认为有必要计算食物中卡路里的含量。[避错指导] 根据文章最后一段前两句可知，不含脂肪的食物电会变成附加的食物，当摄人的卡路里数量增加时，我们也会增重，故A)项不正确，D)项也与文意不符；由第二段第二句“…between nonfat and regular cookies，there's trivial difference in calories”可知，脱脂与普通食物在卡路里的数量上差别虽较小，但还是有差别的，故排除B)。
Passage Two To enable the steel industry to move out of its present troubles, certain technological challenges have to be recognized, faced and overcome. First of all, steel must become more affordable. Steel consumption is an index of economic development and the per-capita consumption in industrialized countries is substantially higher than that in the largely agricultural economies of Asia, Africa and South America. As the economic focus of these regions shifts inexorably towards industry, this vast under-privileged population would consume more steel than the complete currently idle steel-making capacity could ever hope to produce. The second challenge: Like any other mineral processing industry, production of steel results in a net depletion(用尽) of non-renewable resources of ore and energy and leads to an irreversible degradation (退化) of the global environment. Apparently, this cannot go on for ever. The steel industry must harmonize itself to the needs of both the current generation as well as those of the future, and devise ways to transcend the ecological limits on growth. The third challenge is the ability to change. Change is a time-tested mechanism for growth, and the ability to change is the hallmark of successful organizations. The steel industry with its large capital investments and long product development life cycles, finds itself very often out of accordance with global trends. The industry in general and individual plants in particular, must reengineer their technological operations, and become flexible enough to manage change, cope with uncertainty and thrive in a dynamic environment. The image of steel has become one of a sunset industry, which in turn deters(阻止) the best and brightest brains in the land from making a career in iron and steel. If not today, then very shortly, we are heading for an acute scarcity of new ideas with which to overcome our current problems. This is the final and perhaps the most difficult challenge. We must improve our image. We must motivate and assemble the best talents to our cause, if only to have the money to meet all the other challenges which we are facing.
Part Ⅴ Cloze Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four chokes marked A), B), C) and D) under the passage. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. Being fit is more important than being thin. Research shows that overweight or even obese (肥胖 )men who 1 have a lower death rate than "normal" weight men who do not exercise. Fat 2 begins in childhood. One study showed that as early as nursery school children 3 images of disfigured or disabled peers to images of fat kids. A 4 of college students said they'd 5 marry a cocaine user, a shoplifter or a blind person than someone who was fat. The prejudice creates 6 that affects fat people in every part of their lives including finances. Fat white women usually earn less than slim white women--24 percent less, 7 to one study. People often 8 their judgements about fat people by saying they 9 to be fat. Choose? Who would choose life as a fat person in this weight-obsessed culture? There are many 10 about fat people. That all fat people have eating disorders or unresolved emotional or mental issues. That 11 they really wanted to lose weight they could( implying laziness). This is completely illogical 12 body weight is determined by many factors such as genetics, metabolism and dieting history. Some people are 13 fat. Genetics are simply science, not character 14 . The Center for Disease Control reports that 78 percent of American women are actively trying to 15 weight, and at an amazing failure rat9---95 percent of dieters 16 what they lost within two to five years. Alter dieting, the body often gains 17 the lost weight and more. Determined to survive, the body 18 for the next starvation period. The diet industry is extremely 19 , earning $ 33 billion each year. But if diets 20 wouldn't we all be thin by now? Recent estimates say 55 percent of Americans are overweight.
1.
A.work
B.exercise
C.eat
D.relax
A B C D
B
[解析] 动词辨析题。本句说的是肥胖者锻炼与正常体重者不锻炼相比，哪一种人的死亡率较高。从句子结构来看，本句中包括两个定语从句，分别位于obese men 与 normal weight men之后，根据后一个定语从句的内容normal weight men who do not exercise 可推断出空格处也应为exercise。[避错指导]这三个词均属日常生活用词，但都与句意不符。
2.
A.preference
B.prescription
C.preservation
D.prejudice
A B C D
D
[解析] 名词辨析题。prejudice 意为“偏见，成见”，根据常识可知，在日常生活中，人们一般对肥胖者存有偏见，所以D)项与上下文相符。[避错指导]A)preference意为“偏爱，优待”，如：have a preference for (偏爱…)；B) prescription 意为“规定，处方”，如：a medical prescription (药方)；C)preservation意为“保存，维护”，如：the preservation of world peace(维护世界和平)。
3.
A.compared
B.hated
C.preferred
D.predicted
A B C D
C
[解析] 习惯搭配题。prefer 常与to 连用，表示“更喜欢…，宁愿…不愿…”，根据本句句意以及后面的to images of fat kids，可推断出只有C)项符合。[避错指导]A)compare可与to 搭配，意为“把…比作，比喻”，如：A teacher's work is often compared to a candle，(教师的工作常被比作蜡烛。)B)hate可与to搭配，意为“不喜欢”，如：I hate to interrupt a man when he's busy working.(一个人忙于工作时，我最不愿打搅人家。) D)predict常与that连用，意为“预测，预言”，如：She predicted that he would marry a doctor．(她预言他将娶一位医生)
4.
A.research
B.study
C.investigation
D.survey
A B C D
D
[解析] 名词辨析题。survey 意为“调查，测验”，通常指民意测验。从上下文来看，文中所指应是对大学生关于肥胖问题的民意测验，故应选D)。[避错指导] A)research 一般是指科学家或学者进行的调查或研究，如：He made a research into the cause of cancer．(他对癌症病因进行了研究。)B)study指对某种专题或特别问题的调查和研究，如：make a study of history (研究历史)；C) investigation 通常指正式的或官方的调查，以弄清事实的真相，如：the investigation of a crime(调查罪行)。
5.
A.better
B.rather
C.prefer
D.enjoy
A B C D
B
[解析] 结构衔接题。would rather do... than do... 为固定句式，意为“宁愿…不愿…”。句子下文出现than，可推断出此处应为rather。[避错指导]A)had better do... 为固定句式，意为“最好，应该”，如： prefer coffee to tea (喜欢咖啡胜过茶)；D)enjoy后接名词或动名词作宾语，表示“喜坎，欣赏”，如：enjoy free medical care(享受公费医疗)。
6.
A.disgrace
B.distinction
C.discrimination
D.dishonor
A B C D
C
[解析] 语义衔接题。discrimination 意为“歧视”，根据上文内容以及空格后的内容that affects fat people in every part of their lives 可知，______ 影响着胖人生活的各个方面，且比prejudice(偏见)更近一步，因此可判断出此处为“歧视”。[避错指导]A)disgrace意为“耻辱”，如：Being poor is no disgrace．(贫穷并非耻辱。)B)distinction 意为“差别”，如：make a distinction between(对…加以区别)；D)dishonor意为“不光彩”，如：bring dishonor to one's family，country (使自己的家庭、国家蒙羞)。
7.
A.abiding
B.according
C.relying
D.depending
A B C D
B
[解析] 习惯搭配题。according to 是介词短语，意为“按照，依据”。另外，according as 意为“视…而定，根据”。[避错指导]A)abide 与by 搭配构成动词短语，意为“遵守，坚持”，如：abide by the rules(遵守条例)；C)rely和D)depend 常与on (upon) 连用，意为“依靠，依赖”，如：rely/depend on one's own efforts(依靠自己的努力)。
[解析] 语义衔接题。根据下文的提示"Choose? Who would choose life as a fat person...”，可以猜测出此空格处应为C)choose。
10.
A.views
B.theories
C.myths
D.sayings
A B C D
C
[解析] 名词辨析题。 下文有一个that引导的句子，而空格处应为其同位语，其大意为：历来有许多关于肥胖者的荒谬说法，即胖人都有饮食紊乱和感情或精神方面的问题。从文章内容可知，这种说法缺乏理论根据。由此可推断出C)myths(虚构的理论)为正确答案。[避错指导]A)view意为“观点，看法”，指个人的察觉、判断或者解释，如：air one's views(公开发表意见)；B) theory 意为“理论，见解”，如：integrate theory with practice (理论联系实际)；D)saying 意为“谚浯，话”，如：Saying and doing are two things．(说与做是两回事。)
[解析] 逻辑衔接题。根据上下文内容可知：人的体重足由多种因素决定的，所以认为如果想减肥就能成功的观点是完全不符合逻辑的。由句意可知，空格处应表示原因，因此应选since。[避错指导]A) although 表示转折关系；B)as引导原因状语从句时，通常置于句首，如：As you are tired，you had better have a rest．(既然你累了，最好休息一下)D)but为转折连词。
[解析] 名词辨析题。flaw意为“缺点”，指物品上的缺陷、缺点或瑕疵，也指人的性格．上的缺点。由此可知，B)项为正确答案。[避错指导]A)mistake 意为“错误，误会”，指人的行为、观点或言论上的错误，或是由于有缺陷的判断、知识不足或粗心造成的失误或错误，如：admit a mistake(承认错误)，eradicate mistakes (消除误会)；C)shortcoming 意为“缺点，短处”，一般指某人的性格和能力上的缺点或某产品、系统上的不足，如：Not being punctual is his greatest shortcoming. (不守时间是他最大的短处。)D)error意为“错误，过失”，指无意识地偏离正确的行为、主张或信念，如：amend one's error(改正自己的过失)。
15.
A.reduce
B.decrease
C.decline
D.lose
A B C D
D
[解析] 动词辨析题。为避免来自各方面的歧视，很多美国妇女积极减肥。lose weight 是减肥的习惯表达。[避错指导] A)reduce意为“减少，缩小”，指在范围、数量上或程度上减少或降低，如：reduce one's expenditure (减少某人的开支)；B)decrease 意为“减少”，指在数目、数量或强度方面逐渐变小或变少，如： It is necessary to decrease the amount of coal used．(缩减用煤量是必要的。)C)decline意为“下降，衰落”，指质量或重要性上的降低或减少，如：an empire that has declined(业已衰落的帝国)。
16.
A.repeat
B.recover
C.regain
D.refresh
A B C D
C
[解析] 动词辨析题。本句讲到：许多美国妇女在积极减肥，然而却有着惊人的失败率，有95%的节食者在两到五年内______他们所减掉的体重，由此可推知，此处应为“重新增加”。[避错指导] A)repeat意为“重复，反复”，如：to repeat a mistake (重犯错误)；B)recover 意为“恢复，复原”，指使自己恢复到正常的状态，如：recover one's reputation (恢复名誉)；D)refresh 意为“恢复”，指精力通过休息、食物或饮料得到恢复，如：refresh oneself with a cup of tea(喝杯茶提神)。
17.
A.on
B.back
C.around
D.in
A B C D
B
[解析] 语义衔接题。本题所在句意思是上句意思的延续，即节食过后，体重经常会反弹。gain back与regain同义，此处表示体重的反弹，故B)项为正确答案。[避错指导]A)gain on 意为“逼近，赶上”；C) gain 与 around 不能搭配；D)gain in意为“在…方面有所增加或增长”。
18.
A.exchanges
B.makes
C.prepares
D.runs
A B C D
C
[解析] 习惯搭配题。prepare for意为“为…做准备”，符合题意。[避错指导]A)exchange for意为“交换，兑换”，如：The deputy manager exchanged the company's interest for his personal honor．(这个代理经理为了个人荣誉而出卖了公司的利益。)B)make for意为“有利于”，如：The large print makes for easier reading (大号字体便于阅读。)D) run for意为“竞选，逃跑”，如；run for president (竞选总统)。
19.
A.profitable
B.terrible
C.undesirable
D.accessible
A B C D
A
[解析] 形容词辨析题。根据下文的"earning $33 billion each year"可推知此处是说减肥产业是非常赚钱的(profitable)，故A)项为正确答案。[避错指导]B)terrible意为“糟糕的”，如：a terrible performance (糟糕的表演)；C)undesirable 意为“不受欢迎的”，如：undesirable intrusions (不受欢迎的侵扰)；D)accessible意为“易接近的”，如：He is proud that his wife is accessible to reason．(他的妻子通情达理，对此他引以为豪。)
20.
A.benefited
B.effected
C.worked
D.produced
A B C D
C
[解析] 动词辨析题。本句意为“如果减肥食品都______，我们现在不就都成瘦人了吗?”据此可推知，空格处为“有效，起作用”之意，故C)项为正确答案。[避错指导]A)benefit意为“有益于，有助于”，常与from 和 by连用，如：The plants benefited from the rain．(植物得益于这场雨。)B)effect意为“招致，达到 (日的等)”，如：effect one's purpose (达到目的)；D) produce 意为“生产，制造”，如：produce electricity(发电)。
Part Ⅵ Translation Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English, the Chinese given in brackets.
1. He found it very difficult____________(赶上)the development of physics.
to keep pace with
[解析] 本题主要考查 keep pace with的用法，表示“赶上，追上”；另外，find it difficult后应加动词不定式形式。
2. The danger of extinction of tiger____________(不容忽视).
深色：已答题 浅色：未答题