Part Ⅰ Writing Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Solve The Energy Crisis. You should write at least 120 words according to the guidelines given below in Chinese:
1. 1. 能源在人类的生存和发展中的重要作用; 2. 描述目前的能源现状，并指出引起全球能源危机的原因; 3. 如何解决能源危机。 How to Solve The Energy Crisis
Model Essay One How to Solve The Energy Crisis As is known to ail, energy is of great importance to man. We can hardly imagine how man could live without energy. We wouldn't be able to drive our ears and listen to our favorite songs. In addition, the night would become dark all the time. In short, once man loses all the energy resources, he will not be able to exist in the world. Energy is a serious problem people are facing today. Some far-sighted people point out that our natural resources are much limited. If we keep consuming our resources at the present rate, they warn, the world will soon be running out of oil, coal and metals, and this will certainly lead to a serious energy crisis threatening mankind's survival. Therefore, it is urgently necessary for people to conserve the natural recourses. But the best way to solve the energy problem is, I think, to develop new sources of energy. Model Essay Two How to Solve The Energy Crisis Energy resources are those materials which can supply us with power. The supplied power does everything for us. If the world was deprived of energy, the whole society would be unable to function; everything would be in a mess. Moreover, our existence would become a problem. Energy resources are not inexhaustible, and in fact, the earth is short of energy reserves. With the development of the world's population and the ever-increasing consumption of energy by industry and the thoughtless waste of energy by individuals, the world is facing the danger of running out of energy resources. To avoid an energy crisis in the future, the public should be educated about the scarcity of energy and urged to conserve the actually limited resources. And meanwhile great efforts should be made to develop new energy resources, such as solar energy, nuclear energy, etc. We have reasons to be optimistic in this respect.
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly For questions 1 - 7, mark Y (for YES ) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG(for NOT GIVEN) if the' information is not given in the passage. For questions 8 - 10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. The World of the Flat-footed Fly George Poinar has been fascinated by amber, and the insects embedded in it, since childhood. Now a professor of entomology at the Berkeley Campus of the University of California, he has successfully combined these interests to produce Life in Amber, a scholarly and yet very readable book. In it he tells the story of this curious, almost magical substance and the unique record of fossilized life that became trapped and entombed in the sticky resin as it oozed from the forest trees of the ancient past. Amber has been endowed with special worth from prehistoric times, Adornments of amber have been found that date back as far as 35,000 BC, and in 1701, King Frederick I of Prussia commissioned an entire room made of amber as a gift for Peter the Great of Russia. Historically that probably represented the peak of value for amber. Since then our appreciation of it as a decorative material worth its weight in gold has declined somewhat. In Victorian times amber beads had something of a renaissance as an adornment. It now holds greater value as a potential store of fossil DNA. Scientific interest in amber has also fluctuated. The embedded small organisms, particularly insects but also frogs and feathers, have always been part of amber's allure. In the first century AD, Pliny noted that amber was the discharge of a pine-like tree, originated in the north and often contained small insects. It was not until the 19th century that collection of the amber flora and fauna really got under way. The largest hoard was of Baltic origin, amassed by Wilhelm Stantien, an innkeeper, and Moritz Becker, a merchant. They took their collecting seriously and used mining techniques to extract pieces of amber from clays of Tertiary age that had formed during the Eocene, 38 million years ago, in the Samland peninsula, near Kaliningrad (the former Kbnigsberg) on the Russian Baltic seaboard. Their efforts resulted in about 120,000 amber-embedded animal and plant fossils. These were housed in the Geological Institute Museum at Kbnigsberg University. Unfortunately, despite being dispersed for safety during the Second World War much of this amazing collection was lost. Although the depth of this unique view of the insect life in Baltic forests of Eocene age is sadly no longer available in a single collection, we can see something of it. There are still large collections of Baltic amber in public museums around the world but even in total they do not amount to much more than that one unrepeatable collection. The Natural History Museum in London has a "mere" 25,000 specimens. Popular misconceptions about amber exist; for example, suggesting that it is the fossilized resin of coniferous trees from the Baltic region, and that its abundance is the result of some unusual condition of these ancient trees. It is true that an astonishing amount of amber has been recovered from this region. However, the most likely candidate to have produced the Baltic amber is an araucariacean tree similar to the living Agathis from New Zealand, which secretes resin. This could well accumulate in this order of magnitude, given the geological time scale of hundreds of thousands, if not million of years. And, as Poinar discusses, the Baltic region was only one of many different areas, on a worldwide scale, from the Dominican Republic, which is his own favourite hunting ground, to China and Romania, that produced amber in Tertiary times. Furthermore, amber resin producing trees are shown to have an extended geological history extending back to Cretaceous times, more than 100 million years ago and possibly as far back as the Carboniferous ( more than 300 million years ago ). Many of these older ambers have not been rigorously investigated with modem techniques but Poinar has collected all the available published knowledge on their biological content. If you want to know about the record of the Mycetophagklae (hairy fungus beetles or the Platypezidae( flat-footed flies) in amber, this is where to look. Amber does provide a uniquely wellpreserved view of the past. And we can see them all in amber from the parasitic wasp larva and its spider host to the flies the spider trapped. Poinar' s book is a slightly curious mixture of academic taxonomic treatise on the biology of amber and a fascinating semipopular account of how, where and when amber has been produced. But it is by far the best available, well-written and illustrated by a biologist, who is an active and major contributor in the field. As the last chapter on the implications of this type of preservation and the prospects for palaeobiological research intimates, amber is perhaps only just beginning to show its worth. Since Poinar wrote Life in Amber, two independent teams of American investigators have extracted and sequenced the oldest known DNA from insects trapped in Dominican amber, more than 30 million years ago. Poinar was one of them.
1. King Frederick and Peter' the Great lived in the same historic period.
Y
2. King Frederick's time was earlier than Victorian time.
Y
3. Wilhelm Stantien died earlier than Moritz Becker.
NG
4. The Eocene is a geological era that is earlier than Cretaceous times.
N
5. Compared with what the Genlogical Institute Museum at Kbnigsberg University used to house, the Natural History Museum in London has a small collection of amber fossils.
Y
6. Amber was more valuable in Victorian times than in the times of Peter the Great.
N
7. It is wrong to believe that amber is the fossilized resin of coniferous trees.
Y
8. Poinar has gained ail the published information concerning those older ambers'__________.
biological content
9. Because of his book on biology of amber, Puinar is regarded as an__________.
active and major contributor
10. Among the places that produced amber in Tertiary times, Poinar is most interested in_________.
the Dominican Republic
Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension
Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the, pause , you must read the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) , and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have fist heard.
[解析] M: The performance starts in eight minutes: We'll never make it. Should we go to the next one? W: I don't mind missing the beginning. It's a common performance anyway. Q: What does the woman want to do?
B.The woman has written down Mr. Smith's phone number.
C.The woman forgot to write down the number.
D.The woman needed paper to write down the number.
A B C D
B
[解析] W：What a memory I have! I did write down the number on a sheet of paper when I answered the phone this morning．But now the paper has disappeared without any trace． M：Don't worry．I'll be seeing Mr．Smith in an hour． Q：What do we learn from the conversation?
[解析] W：I feel very angry when the plane captain keeps announcing the names of places where we are flying. I can't get any sleep. M：But for those who have never made up the trip before，such announcements are very helpful． Q：Where does the conversation probably take place?
[解析] W：I just made up a pint of orange juice this morning，and now I can't find it anywhere．Do you know what happened to it? M：Did you hear a crash earlier? That Was it ．I'm just as clumsy as ever． Q：What can we conclude from the conversation?
[解析] W：I have eaten in too many restaurants during the past month and now I feel it will make me weak when I think of eating out again． M：I'm feeling that way too，but there's no way to get out of this appointment． Q：What does the man think of the woman's feelings?
[解析] M：Why is Susan so tired and upset? W：She's been studying day and night for her final exam．I warned her many times to prepare earlier，but she wouldn't listen． Q：What does the woman mean?
[解析] W：David，could you look after the children for me while I go to the doctor? The only appointment I could get is at eleven o'clock． M：All right．But I have to leave at one o'clock．I'm going to a party in the afternoon． Q：What is the woman going to do?
[解析] 信息明示题。对话中明确指出女士请求男士帮忙照顾孩子，因为她十一点要赴约(the only appointment)去看医生，男士答应帮她照顾到下午一点。由此可知，女士打算去赴约会。
8.
A.They will take the translation work despite attending night class.
B.They took the night class to accept the translation work.
C.They won't accept the translation work because it is useless.
D.They won't accept the translation work due to less time.
A B C D
D
[解析] M：I suppose we should accept the translation work，but I don't see how we can afford it in the future． W：If only we hadn't taken the night class this week． Q：What do we learn from the conversation?
[解析] 19-21 W: Good morning, this is Dr. Allen's office. M: Good morning, I'd like to make an appointment with Dr. Allen to have my teeth cleaned and checked. I'd like to have it done this week if possible. W: I'll see whether the doctor has time to see you this week. Have you seen Dr. Allen before? M: No, I've just moved to town and Dr. Allen was recommended by a friend of mine. My name is Edward Johnson. W: The doctor has no free time this week, Mr. Johnson. If you are having trouble with your teeth, I'll try to work you in, otherwise I can give you an appointment on Friday, the 22nd. Will that be all right? M: I'm sorry, I'1l be working on the 22nd. I'm not having any trouble with my teeth, but 1 hoped to have the appointment this week because I won't start work at my new job until next Monday. W: How about Saturday, the 23rd, at 10' AM? M: That will be fine. Thank you. W: We'll see you on the 23rd then, Mr. Johnson, Goodbye. M: Good bye. 19. Why does Mr. Johnson want an appointment this week?
[解析] 22-25 W: What do you plan to order? M: I think I'll have a salad and a cup of tea. W: Is that all? M: Yes, I'm on a diet, my doctor told me that I should lose some weight because I'm too heavy--and that's not healthy. W: How do you feel? M: I feel fine, in fact, I've never felt better. Furthermore, some of my old clothes would fit me if I lose about 40 pounds. W: How long will that take you? M: Well, I've just started my diet, so it may take me six months to get down to my proper weight. W: Do you plan to eat nothing but salads for six months? M: No, I'll be able to eat fruit and certain meats and dairy products, but most important, I should never eat anything between meals and I should not eat anything containing sugar. W: Then you probably won't want to try the delicious pizza they serve here, I understand the head cook is good at making pizza. M：Now that you mention it，I may have two or three of these delicious hot rolls，I usually have five or six． 22．Where did this conversation probably take place?
Section B Directions:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B) , C) and D) . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
[解析] 26-28 In America, serf-improvement is a national pastime. Every year, more and more Americans spend their leisure time trying to improve themselves one way or another. One popular form of self-improvement is the search for physical fitness. Thousands of Americans who never exercised are now out an the streets jogging in fashionable running suits and expensive gym shoes. They boast of how many miles they run each day and of how many pounds they lose each week. Others are turning to swimming, tennis, dance, and the martial arts to improve their physical fitness. Instead of running around the park in the morning or evening, other Americans are studying yoga or meditating quietly in their homes. They are seeking to improve themselves by finding peace and tranquility. Adult education is another form of self-improvement. After a hard day's work, many Americans take evening courses at a local high school or college. There they can study variety of subjects. Often these people are preparing to return to the job market or trying to qualify themselves for better jobs. A mother busy raising her children might attend a night school to learn secretarial skills. A secretary might return to study accounting. Some retired people go back for the education they missed at an earlier age. 26. What is the popular form of self-improvement in America?
[解析] 事实细节题。短文分别在二、三、四段的句首提到了几种常见的自我提高的方式，包括：the search for physical fitness，studying yoga or meditating quietly in their homes 和 adult education。根据第二段首句可知，追求身体健美是最为流行的，故应选C)。
2.
A.On the job market.
B.At their former schools.
C.In their homes.
D.At the local high schools or colleges.
A B C D
D
[解析] Where do many Americans go for adult education?
[解析] 事实细节题。短文最后一段指出“After a hard day's work，... at a local high school or college． There they can study variety of subjects”(一天的辛苦工作后，许多美国人参加当地中学或大学举办的夜校。在那儿，他们能够学到各种课程。)由此可知，D)项正确。
[解析] 29-31 There are different ideas about pets in different parts of the world. In most cultures, animals have an inferior position to human beings. In some instances, however, people treat their pets like members of their families, or perhaps better. In the United States and Europe, where pets are very popular, there are special shops that sell jewelry, clothing and delicious food for cats and dogs. There are shops on fashionable streets in New York City, for example, that sell gold and diamond collars, fur jackets, and hats for pets. In many countries of the world, there is special food for pets. It is common for supermarkets in many places to sell cat food and dog food. However, in Nice, France, there is a special restaurant for dogs.. Dogs are the only customers. There is seating for twenty dogs, On the menu, there is a variety of special tasty dishes for the dogs to choose. Of course, in most parts of the world, pets don't live in wealth and luxury. There is a more practical and functional attitude toward pets. People own cats and dogs because they keep away mice and other unwanted animals. Certainly, owners generally have some affectionate feelings for their pets. However, they do not see them as equal to family members. Pets around the world live in a great variety of ways, just as people do. 29. What kind of shops are mentioned in the U.S. and Europe?
[解析] 事实细节题。短文第一段第三句指出：“In the United States and Europe，... special shops that sell jewelry，clothing and delicious food for cats and dogs．”(在宠物流行的美国和欧洲，有许多商店卖宠物用的珠宝、衣服和美食。)由此可知，应选B)。
2.
A.To have a good company.
B.To make them live a nice life.
C.To keep away unwanted animals.
D.To keep away loneliness.
A B C D
C
[解析] Why do the majority of people own pets?
[解析] 事实细节题。短文最后一段第三句指出"People own cats and dogs because they keep away mice and other unwanted animals．”(人们之所以养猫和狗是因为它们可以驱赶老鼠和其他讨厌的动物。)由此可知，C)项为正确答案。
3.
A.People treat their pets as family members.
B.Most pets live a very comfortable life.
C.Pets all over the world live in the similar way.
D.Pet owners have some tender feelings for their pets.
A B C D
D
[解析] What do we learn from the passage?
[解析] 推理判断题。根据短文内容可知，人们对待宠物有的像家人一样疼爱，让它们过非常舒适的生活，而有的人却是为了某种实用目的才养宠物。但短文最后一段倒数第三句指出“Certainly，owners generally have some affectionate feelings for their pets，”(当然，一般人们对他们的宠物都有深厚的感情。)由此可知，应选D)。
Passage Three Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
[解析] 32-35 Ludwig Beethoven was born in Bonn, in the Rhineland. His father was a professional musician in the Court of The Elector of Cologne; he was often drunk, and he was a hard task-master to his son. Ludwig began learning violin and piano when he was only 5, and by the time he was 8 years old the began giving public concerts. He received very little education apart from music, but he was fortunate in having a good music teacher, the court organist, who recognized his abilities and taught him well. When he was 14, Ludwig was appointed second court organist, a post which gave him some opportunity to travel. He visited Vienna, where Mozart heard him play and said, "Watch that young fellow; he is going to cause a stir in the world." When he was 16 his mother died, and three years later his father was dismissed from his post at Court. Ludwig, with characteristic loyalty and devotion to his family, accepted responsibility both for his father and his two younger brothers. Throughout his life Beethoven produced numerous musical works. First and foremost, Beethoven was a composer of extended music, that is, long works in several movements. His masterpieces remain the greatest and most personal compositions of one of the world's greatest musical thinkers. No composer has put more of himself into his music; everything he left, from anger to tenderness, from misery to hope is found there. 32. When did Beethoven begin giving public concerts?
[解析] 事实细节题。文章首段第三句提到“Ludwing began learning... he was 8 years old he began giving public concert．”(他年仅五岁时开始学小提琴和钢琴，八岁时开始参加公共音乐会。)由此可知，C)项为正确答案。
2.
A.He was given a chance to Vienna.
B.He met ,Mozart for the first time.
C.He supported his family by his performance.
D.He became a second court organist.
A B C D
D
[解析] What happened to Beethoven when he was fourteen years old?
[解析] 事实细节题。短文首段第五句指出“When he was 14，Ludwig was appointed second court organist，...” (十四岁时贝多芬被任命为第二宫廷风琴演奏者)，故应选D)。
3.
A.Having an outstanding father.
B.Having a tendering mother.
C.Having the court organist as his music teacher.
D.Having Mozart as his good friend.
A B C D
C
[解析] What was Beethoven fortunate in?
[解析] 事实细节题。文章首段第四句指出“... but he was fortunate in having a good music teacher，the court organist,...”(虽然除了音乐之外贝多芬没有受过什么教育，但他很幸运拥有一个非常优秀的音乐老师——当时的宫廷风琴手，这位老师看出了他的天赋并认真教导他。)由此可知，本题应选C)。
4.
A.Long works in several movements.
B.Long works based on short pieces.
C.Excellent works praised by people.
D.Classical works lasting forever.
A B C D
A
[解析] According to the passage，what does "extended music" refer to?
[解析] 事实细节题。最后一段第二句提到extended music，然后紧接着就做了解释"that is，long works in several movement"。由此可知，本题应选A)。
Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written U.S. rates of disease and some cancers, 1 of the breast, are among the highest in the world. Many factors 2 to cancer and heart disease, including an individual's genetic 3 . But when scientists 4 the course of diseases across the globe, the role of 5 stands out sharply. Japan offers an example. The 6 Japanese diet is the direct 7 of ours: typically they eat rice, vegetables and a little fish, while Americans put a big portion of meat in the center of the plate and add a few French fries. 8 only about a quarter as much fat as we do, and far more carbohydrates, the Japanese live longer than anybody else in the world. That is, until they move to the United States. 9 says Dr. Peter Greenwald, director of the Division of Cancer Prevention and Control at the U.S. National Cancer Institute. "When they move to Hawaii, the rate goes up." 10 . Similar patterns are emerging all over the globe. "I've been in Mauritius, Cuba and Hungary, three completely different countries, advising their governments on nutrition education," says Marion Nestle, professor of nutrition at New York University. 11 .
The Japanese in Japan have one fifth or one sixth the rate of breast cancer that we do．
[解析] People in Japan have a much lower rate of breast cancer than we do．
10.
In the last few decades，moreover，as hamburgers and other high-fat foods have become popular in Japan，higher rates of cancer and heart disease have followed．
[解析] And in the last few decades，high-fat foods like hamburgers are eaten by more and more Japanese， resulting in higher rates of cancer and heart disease.
11.
People in all the three countries are starting to imitate our diet— they're eating more animal fat and dairy products， and their rates of disease are rising quickly.
[解析] People in the three countries are beginning to follow us in eating more fat and milk products，so the rates of disease there are increasing quickly．
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. New technology links the world as never before. Our planet bas 1 . It's now a" global village" where countries are only seconds away by fax or phone or satellite link. And, of course, our ability to 2 from this high-tech communications equipment is greatly 3 by foreign language skills. Deeply involved with this new technology is a 4 of modern business people who have a 5 respect for the economic value of doing business abroad. In modern markets, success overseas often helps support domestic business efforts. Overseas assignments are becoming 6 important to advancement within executive ranks. The executive 7 in another country no longer need fear being "out of sight and out of mind". He or she can be sure that the overseas effort is central to the company's plan for success ,and that promotions often followed or accompany an assignment abroad. If an employee can succeed in a difficult assignment overseas, 8 will have greater confidence in his or her ability to cope back in the United States where cross-cultural and foreign language issues are becoming more and more prevalent(普遍的). Thanks to a variety of relatively inexpensive communications devices with business applications, even small businesses in the United States are able to get into international markets. English is still the international language of business. But there is an ever-growing need for people who can speak another language. A second language isn't generally required to get a job in business, but having language skills gives a 9 the edge when other qualifications appear to be equal. The employee posted abroad who speaks the country's language has an opportunity to fast-for- ward certain negotiations, and can have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly. The employee at the home office who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious 10 to the firm. A. constricted B. stationed C. inferior D. benefit E. increasingly F. increase G. enhanced H) breed I) growing J) domestic K) candidate L) superiors M) shrunk N) asset O) cape
1.
M
[解析] 原文中有两个单词供选择：shrunk 和 constricted，shrink 指“引起长度、尺寸、体积或范围减小的收缩”，例如：Wool jersey should be shrunk before being cut and stitched．(羊毛平针织物在裁剪和缝纫前应先缩水。) constrict指“通常通过捆绑或压紧而变得更小或更窄”，例如：Tight shoes constrict the feet．(鞋子太紧会挤脚。)
2.
D
[解析] benefit意为“获益；得益于(常与from，by连用)”，例如：The plants benefited from the rain．(植物得益十这场雨。)根据上下文的含义应选择benefit。
Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One Ironically, in the United States, a country of immigrants, prejudice and discrimination(歧视) continue to be serious problems. There was often tension between each established group of immigrants and each succeeding group. As each group became more financially successful, and more powerful, they excluded newcomers from full participation in the society. Prejudice and discrimination are part of American history; however, this prejudicial treatment of different groups is nowhere more unfair than with black Americans. Blacks had distinct disadvantages. For tile most part, they came to the "land of opportunity" as slaves and they were not free to keep their heritage and cultural traditions. Unlike most European immigrants, blacks did not have the protection of a support group; sometimes the slave owners separated members of the same family. They could not mix easily with the established society either because of their skin color. It was much difficult for them to adapt to the American culture. Even after they became free people, they still experienced discrimination in employment, housing and education and even in public facilities. Until the twentieth century, the majority of the black population lived in the southern part of the United States. Then there was a population shift to the large cities in the North. Prejudice against blacks is usually associated with the South. Slavery was more common there and discrimination was often easier to see. In the 1950s and 1960s, blacks fought to gain fair treatment, and they now have legal protection in housing, education, and employment. Because their neighborhoods are segregated(隔离), many blacks feel that educational opportunities are not adequate .for their children. Busing children from one neighborhood to another is one solution to inequality in education. Naturally, all parents want the best possible education for their children. The situation of blacks is better today than it was in the 1950s, but racial tension continues. Time will be the genuine solution to the problem of race.
1. Established and succeeding immigrants ______.
A.were treated unequally by American Indians
B.were willing to support newcomers financially
C.were great helpers of slaves and Indians
D.were reluctant to help newcomers to adapt to the new surroundings
A B C D
D
[解析] 推理判断题。文章首段第三句提到"As each group became... from full participation in the society．" (每个移民团体变得更有钱更强大时，它们就会排斥新移民，不让后来者全面融入该社会。)由此可推断出，定居下来或有成就的移民不愿帮助新来的移民适应新环境。[避错指导]A)项“受到美国印第安人的不平等对待”在文中并未提及；定居下来或有成就的移民不愿意外新移民融人社会，自然不会在经济方面给予他们帮助，故排除B)；C)项“帮助奴隶和印度人”在文中没有涉及。
2. When a group of immigrants became strong in its economy, they were likely to______.
A.show 'prejudice and discrimination against newcomers
B.fight among themselves to establish a more dominating role
C.prevent new settlers from being greatly involved in social activities
D.fight against natives to gain more profits
A B C D
C
[解析] 事实细节题。根据文章第一段第三句"As each group became more financially successful.... from full participation in the society.”可知，当移民团体的经济更加富足时，他们可能会阻止新移民参与社会活动，故应选C)。[避错指志]A)项的说法正确，但不全面，故排除；B)项“内部进行斗争占据统治地位”和D)项“与当地人斗争以获得更多的利益”均未在文中提及。
3. Black Americans could not easily mix in American society because______.
A.they speak different language
B.they can't keep their traditions
C.most Americans are immigrants
D.their skin color is black
A B C D
D
[解析] 事实细节题。文章第二段第四句提到"They could not mix easily with the established society either because of their skin color．”(美国黑人由于他们的肤色而不能融入到现存的社会。)由此可知，D)项与文章内容相符，为正确答案。
4. By "busing children from one neighborhood to another is one solution to inequality in education", the author means______.
A.black children are slow in learning in their own neighborhood
B.black children can't enjoy adequate education
C.black children are severely discriminated in their own neighborhood
D.black children are required to receive an education of a different culture
A B C D
B
[解析] 语义理解题。题干的意思是“用校车将一个社区的孩子送往另一个社区去上学是解决教育不平等问题的一种方法”，这句话的上文讲到“Because their neighborhoods are segregated... for their children．” (黑人社区是隔离开的，所以许多黑人感到对孩子们来说教育机会是不够的。)由此可见，作者提出教育不平等问题的解决方法，也就表明黑人孩子享受不到好的教育。[避错指导]A)项“黑人孩子在他们自己的社区学习较慢”在文中未提及，从常识也可排除；第四段第二句指出：黑人社区是隔离开的，所以他们在自己的社区不会受到歧视，故排除C)；第四段指出黑人孩子需要的是良好的教育，而不是不同文化的教育，故排除D)。
5. It can be inferred from the passage that______.
A.the problem of prejudice and discrimination in the U.S. will be solved soon
B.blacks are free people now, so they can enjoy equal rights as whites
C.prejudice and discrimination are more severe in the South than in the North
D.now there are more blacks living in the North than in the South
Passage Two As is known to all, the organization and management of wages and salaries are very complicated. Generally speaking, the Account Department is responsible for calculations of pay, while the Personnel Department is interested in discussions with the employees about pay. If a firm wants to adopt a new wage and salary structure, it is essential that the firm should decide on a method of job evaluation and ways of measuring the performance of its employees. In order to be successful, that new pay structure will need agreement between Trade Unions and employers. In job evaluation, all of the requirements of each job are defined in a detailed job description. Each of those requirements is given a value, generally in "points", which are added together to give a total value for the job. For middle and higher management, a special method is used to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the job, their responsibility, and their ability to solve problems. Because of the difficulty in measuring management work, however, job grades for managers are often decided without reference to an evaluation system based on points. In attempting to design a pay system, the Personnel Department should compare the value of each job with those in the job market. It should also consider economic factors such as the cost of living and the labor supply. It is necessary that payment for a job should vary with any distinctions in the way that job is performed. Where it is simple to measure the work done, as in the work done with the hands, monetary encouragement schemes are often chosen, for indirect workers, where measurement is difficult, methods of additional payments are employed.
1. If a company wants its new pay structure to be successful, it is necessary to______.
A.give the workers extra pay to encourage them
B.share the same opinion between the Trade Union and the employers
C.consult some problems associated with pay
D.adopt a special way to evaluate the performance of its employees
A B C D
B
[解析] 事实细节题。文章第二段第二句提到"In order to be successful，that new pay structure will need agreement between Trade Unions and employers．"(为了成功地执行新的薪酬制度，工会和雇主之间必须达成一致。)由此可知，B)项与本文内容相符。[避错指导]文中最后一句提到"for indirect workers，where measurement is difficult，methods of additional payments are employed．”(对于其工作难于测量的间接工作人员，就得采用额外报酬的方法。)A)项与此内容相关，但与题干不符；文章第一段末提到：人事部门负责和员工协商与报酬有关的问题，但这与新的薪酬制度是否成功无关，故排除C)；D)项“采用特殊方法来评估雇员的表现”在文中虽然提到，但与题意不符。
2. The methods of additional payments are adopted for indirect workers because______.
A.they don't have a higher pay
B.the firm hasn't enough fund
C.the measurement of their work is very difficult
D.their work is less important than that of other workers
A B C D
C
[解析] 事实细节题。文章最后一句指出"Where it is simple... additional payments are employed．"(对于易于测量的工作，如手工工作，经常选用现金奖励制度；而对于其工作难于测量的间接工作人员，就需要采用额外报酬的方法。)由此可知，C)项为正确答案。
3. What should a firm consider in designing a new pay system?
A.The value of each job alone.
B.The method of calculating the pay.
C.The requirements of each job.
D.The labor supply and the cost of living.
A B C D
D
[解析] 事实细节题。文章第四段指出：在尝试设计薪酬制度时，人事部门应将每项工作的价值与其在工作市场上的价值进行比较，应该考虑到生活水平和劳动力供给(the cost of living and the labor supply)等经济因素。由此可知，D)项为正确答案。[避错指导]文中虽提到每项工作的价值，但在涉及薪酬制度时，并不仅仅是考虑这一个因素，故排除A)；B)项“计算报酬的方法”和C)项“每项工作的要求”均未在文中提到。
4. It can be inferred from the passage that______.
A.only the Accounts Department is involved in the management of salaries
B.different job performances should be given different payments
C.an evaluation system based on points is usually used to measure management work
D.evaluating management work makes no difference from other work
A B C D
B
[解析] 事实细节题。文章第五段第一句指出"It is necessary that payment for a job should vary with any distinctions in the way that job is performed．”(报酬应随工作表现的不同而有所改变。)由此可知，不同的工作表现应得到不同的报酬。[避错指导]文章首段第二句指出：会计部门计算报酬，而人事部门则与雇员商议薪酬。由此可知，并不只是会计部门参与工资的管理，故排除A)；文章第三段最后两句指出：公司的高层人员有特殊的评估方法，因为管理工作很难衡量，所以经理的工作成绩无需参照基于分值的评估系统，由此可排除C)、D)两项。
5. The main purpose of this passage is to______.
A.explain how the performance of a job can be measured in points
B.describe the responsibilities of various departments
C.tell readers how a firm can succeed in adopting a new pay system
D.tell readers how difficult the management work is
Part Ⅴ Short Answer Question Directions: In this part there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in .fewest possible words. Your answer may be a word, a phrase, or a short sentence. Write your answers in the spaces provided on the right of the page. The science of meteorology(气象学) is concerned with the study of the structure, state, and behavior of the atmosphere. The subject may be approached from several directions, but the scene cannot be fully approached from any one vantage point. Different viewpoints must be integrated to give perspective to the whole picture. One may consider the condition of the atmosphere at a given moment and attempt to predict changes from that condition over a period of a few hours to a few days ahead. This approach is covered by the branch of the science called synoptic meteorology(天气学). Synoptic meteorology is the scientific basis of the technique of weather forecasting by means of the preparation and analysis of weather maps and aerological diagram( 高空气象图). The practical importance of the numerous applications of weather forecasting cannot be underestimated. In serving the needs of shipping, aviation, agriculture, industry, and many other interests and fields of human activity with accurate weather warnings and professional forecast advice, great benefits are obtained in the form of the saving of human life and property and in economic advantages of various kinds. One important purpose of the science of meteorology is constantly to strive, through advanced study and research, to increase our knowledge of the atmosphere with the aim of improving the accuracy of weather forecasts. The tools needed to advance our knowledge in this way are the disciplines of mathematics and physics applied to solve meteorological problems. The use of these tools forms that branch of the science called dynamic meteorology.
1. The science of meteorology studies______.
the structure，state and behavior of the atmosphere
[解析] 细节题。文章首句就给出了气象学的定义，即气象学是研究大气结构、状态和行为的科学。
2. The author implies that increased accuracy in weather forecasting will lead to______.
greater protection of human life
[解析] 推断题。文章第三段第三句提到"In serving the needs... the saving of human life and property and in economic advantages of various kinds．”(通过对航海、航天、农业、工业以及很多其他领域的人类活动提供精确的天气警报和专业的预报建议，天气预报在挽救人类生命、财产和其他方面的经济领域做出了很大贡献。)根据天气预报的重要性可推断出，提高天气预报的精确度将会更好地保护人类的生活。
3. What fields need the serve of weather forecasting?
深色：已答题 浅色：未答题