Part Ⅰ Writing Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter in reply to a friend's inquiry about his or her choice after graduation from university. You should write at least 120 words according to the guidelines given below in Chinese:
1. 1. 提出建议; 2. 阐明你的理由； 3. 应该注意问题; A Letter of Suggestion
Model Essay One A Letter of Suggestion Dear Susan, I'm delighted to learn that you will graduate from university next year. It has been several years since heard from you last time. In my opinion, to find a job after graduation is the best choice for you. On the one hand, you can put what you have learned into practice. On the other hand, you cart make a living on your own instead of depending on your parents. As to which job to take, I suggest that you choose one that allows you to bring your knowledge and ability into full play. If you have much spare time after work, you can study by yourself and keep on your skills. It is unnecessary for you to work over rune. In addition, you can take the postgraduate entrance examination some years later if you want to. I am sure you will have a bright future. Sincerely yours, Mary Model Essay Two A Letter of Suggestion Dear Susan, I'm glad to know that you will graduate from university. You have asked me for my advice concerning whether you should study further or find a job. You must keep in mind that, above all, your university training is a preparation for your future career. Therefore, your first consideration should be to take the postgraduate entrance examination. Without doubt, you can not only obtain more. knowledge, broaden your horizons, but also get a better job. after you have achieved a master's degree. As to the tuition, I suggest you apply for a bank loan. If you meet the requirements, you will get the loan. Be- sides, you can take part-time jobs in holidays. I believe you can make it. Please inform me when you have come to a decision. I am looking forward to your reply. Yours, Mary
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly For questions 1 - 7, mark Y(for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N(for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage ; NG(for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 8 -10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Time To Panic? Nobody needed to read George Bush's lips when he visited Russia recently as the guest of Goldman Sachs to mark the opening of the U.S. investment bank's Moscow outpost. Bush declared his faith in "the power of freedom" and of free markets. "I am optimistic," he proclaimed. "I believe Russia is going to thrive. "Bush may yet be proved right. But coming as the country's stock market hit a new record low and interest rates leapt skyward, the former President's speech was ill-timed. For anyone who has invested in Russia, this is the summer of sleepless nights as the dreaded word deval’vatsiya--Russian for devaluation— makes an unwelcome comeback. "It's taboo to say it," says one prominent Russian banker, "but this threat hangs over us like a nightmare." Last week, Finance Minister Mikhail Zadornov declared devaluation unavoidable unless tax collection improves "by a third" in the coming months. With billions of dollars in unpaid taxes, the government has launched yet another desperate crackdown on tax evaders, even freezing the assets of the country' s top debtor, gas giant Gazprom which owes some $ 2.5 billion. The showdown was dramatic, with the tax police storming Gazprom's Moscow skyscraper and salivating over its vast collection of yachts, planes and holiday villas. But within hours, the confrontation was over. On Friday, Gazprom's CEO Rem Vyakhirev won a private audience with President Boris Yeltsin, where he defused attempts to rip up the agreement granting him control of 35 % of the state's 40% stake in Gazprom and promised, in due time, to pay off the debt. But as every sentient observer knows, the clock is ticking fast. "When treasury bill rates rise to 80 %, it means we' re in a pre-collapse state," says Vladimir Potanin, so-called oligarch and founder of Unexim Bank, one of Russia's largest. "It's logical what could come next: devaluation, the crash of the banking system, huge' lines of people trying to get their money out, unpaid wages and heightened social tension." Everybody agrees that a devaluation would devastate Russia as it struggles to retain its fragile financial credibility earned over six years of haphazard reform. Particularly hard hit would be Russia' s banking system, which has debts of at least $ ,200 billion and dangerously few assets. What assets the banks do have could be wiped out thanks to their exposure to so-called "dollar forward contracts" signed with Western banks. "If there' s a devaluation," says Potanin, "it' s clear that there is this massive amount of future obligations that will have to be paid off, and of course the method will be by defaulting." Little wonder then that the crisis has reduced Russia's financial elite, once a pride of chest-beating fat cats, to a threatened species screeching about the coming apocalypse. Their counterparts in the political arena are no less panicked. On June 23, Yeltsin warned his opponents in parliament that if an austerity package was not passed before they recessed on July 16, he would resort to "other means'--a hint that he would rule by decree. Yet last week, the Russian President informed his subjects and stunned international observers: "We have no crisis." Yeltsin may be the only person in Russia who believes that, as devaluation rumors hit fever pitch. "This week," predicts a top financial journalist, who boasts close ties to the Central Bank. Even as they brace for the coming storm, many are looking to the International Monetary Fund to save the day. After twice delaying it, on June 25 the IMF, citing its faith in the cabinet of Prime Minister Sergei Kiriyenko, released a $ 670 million tranche of a previous $ 9.2 billion credit. But Russia's chances for a world-class bailout--the $ 10-15 billion that Anatoli Chubais, Yeltsin's envoy to the IMF talks, deems the bare minimum Russia needs to escape catastrophe--look slim. In the meantime, Kiriyenko is fighting to hang on to his new job, and his blueprint for rescuing Russia. By midweek, the beleaguered Prime Minister had submitted his anti-crisis plan to the Duma including measures to cut corporate taxes and introduce a single value-added tax of' 20%. The package, Western financial experts warned, is long on generalities, short on implementation. The Duma, however, has other ideas. Sergei Baburin, the Communist vice speaker, denounced the proposed laws as "lethal medicine cooked up by vengeful Western economists." Some optimists are looking to the long term. "We' ve been able to get more cuts out of this new government," muses one IMF official in private, "than we did from the Chernomyrdin government in the last three years." But in the short term, the crisis threatens to consume everything in its path. Among those clamoring loudest for a bailout are the Western bankers who find themselves embarrassingly exposed. Of Russia' s $ 72.2 billion in outstanding loans, German banks alone hold $ 30.5 billion. At home, the so-called oligarchs are also running scared. With the conflagration encroaching, they have put aside personal rivalry to form a "cooperation council" to advise Kiriyenko. But Yeltsin has yet to give his blessing to this "shadow cabinet." Although there have been no runs on Russian banks so far, there are reasons to fear a panic: the stock market has plunged by 63% since January; Russia's debt pyramid of compounding treasury bills has grown dangerously; interest rates hover above 80%; while more than a third of the budget goes to service the government's burgeoning debt. In July, Russia will have to pay out $ 6.5 billion to redeem maturing loans, while cash reserves have sunk to $ 11.5 billion. The government is finding it difficult to raise new funds and has had to cancel its latest treasury bill auctions. "No one believes in this paper," says the head of one of Russia's largest banks. Those fretting the loudest may be the foreigners--the fund managers and deal makers who rail against the "fools in Washington" who tend to Asia' s woes while ignoring Russia' s. They warn darkly of the danger of "losing Russia." Without help from abroad, they claim, the pro-reform Kiriyenko cabinet will fall and in the post-crash wake a "nationalist-patriot' will rise. A dark scenario, but one taken seriously of late. As a senior IMF official, who'd love to see Western governments give large loans to Russia, puts it: "No doubt about it, a bailout is expensive, but it' s our cheapest insurance policy." Maybe, but just the premiums on such a policy could prove extortionate.
1. Privatization of the banking system makes devaluation unnecessary.
NG
2. Devaluation will cause the crash of the banking system.
Y
3. If there's a devaluation, the Russian banks will afford to pay off the massive, amount of future obligations.
N
4. The crisis has reduced Russia's financial elite's economic benefits.
Y
5. The writer compare President Yeltsin to a king by using the words "private audience" and "subjects".
Y
6. Yeltsin's envoy to the IMF talks show Russia will get more help from the INF.
N
7. The sales of banks to foreigners will cause a panic.
NG
8. To counter the coming economic crisis, many are expecting to seek help from_________.
the Internationa Monetary Fund
9. To pay the debts which are due in July, Russia will have to pay out a sum of_________.
$ 6.5 billion
10. The foreigners who advocate to give large loans to Russia are the__________
fund managers and deal makers
Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension
Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must rend the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
[解析] M: Now I'm going to start off by asking you a difficult question. Why would you like to get this post? W: Well, first of all, I know that your school has a very good reputation. Q：What do we learn from this conversation?
[解析] M：My physics project is in trouble because my partner and I have completely different ideas about how to proceed． W：You should try to meet each other halfway. Q：What does the woman suggest then man do?
[解析] W：I'm so sorry for being late．You must have been waiting for a long time． M：That's all right．Actually，I got here just a couple of minutes ago． Q：What does the man imply?
[解析] M：I've forgotten my passbook，but rd like to make a deposit to my savings account if I may． W：No problem．Just bring this receipt with you the next time you come in along with your passbook，and we will adjust the balance． Q：Where did the conversation most probably take place?
[解析] W：Since you have made so many business trips，you must have visited many places in the country． M：I wish I．had，but Shenzhen and Beijing are the only places I've ever been to． Q：What does the man mean?
[解析] W：I'd like to ask you，Mr．John，what do you feel about woman labor? M：My answer is，let the，woman work as much as they want to，just as long as they don't take jobs away from men that need them． Q：What's the man's attitude towards woman labor?
[解析] 观点态度题。男士认为，只要女人们不抢男人的饭碗，那么就让她们做自己想做的工作。 take away from意为“带走，使离开”，根据句意叫‘知，男士对女性劳动力持否定态度。
7.
A.The man can ask her for help.
B.Everyone can help the man.
C.The man's uncle won't help him at all.
D.The-man can certainly count on his uncle.
A B C D
C
[解析] M：I hope I can rely on my uncle to lend me some money when I am short of it W：As far as I know，he turns his back on anyone who asks for money. Q：What does the woman mean?
[解析] 推理判断题。本题的关键在于理解turn one's back on(避开，不理睬)。男士希望他缺钱时能从叔叔那儿借些钱，女十说：“就我所知，你叔叔对借钱的人都不子理睬。”由此可推知，叔叔不会借钱给他。
8.
A.Take the subway.
B.Take a bus.
C.Take a taxi.
D.Hurry to the convention.
A B C D
B
[解析] W：If you're in a hurry you can take the subway. If you want to sightsee，take a bus． M：Actually，I don't have to be at the convention before noon． Q：What will the man probably do?
[解析] 19-22 W：Hi，Mike! You missed a great history lecture this morning．Where were you? M: Oh, I overslept again. This really is becoming a bad habit. What did Professor Brown talk about today? W: Can you believe it? We talked about George Washington's false teeth. M: All I know is that they were made of wood. W: A professor at a dental school in California recently presented a paper showing that Washington's teeth were made of many things, including, can you imagine, elephant ivory and cow's teeth, but not wood. M: But why do people say Washington's teeth were made of wood? W: A set of his teeth that were made of elephant ivory were shown publicly at various exhibitions about a hundred years ago. The ivory had turned a very dark color, and I guess, looks like wood. M: Yes, I've seen some ivory that was dark brown color. W: It seems that ivory turns dark easily with age, especially if it's exposed to drinks, such as coffee, tea, or wine. I guess that's how the story got started. M: What's about cow's teeth? W: You know cows have teeth just on their bottom jaws. After about five years of biting grass off against their hard up- per jaws, the bottom teeth wear down into the shape of a human tooth. 19. Who are the speakers?
[解析] 23-25 W: How's the car search going7 M: Not so good. Didn't you tell me that when cars get older they get cheaper! W: Sure! Why, what happened? M: I called in response to an ad yesterday for a very old car. It was priced somewhere over $15,000! Do you think I can get anything for $3,500? W: Sure. But what kind of car was it? M: A 1964 Mercedes 230SL. W: Yes, it's also a classic, and is getting more expensive every year. Take good care ot' it, and in a few years it would be worth a lot more. But you have to have enough to buy it first! M: Well, I don't. W: Look, don't be discouraged. I just heard about something I wanted you to know about. My uncle's mother-in-law is 86 and she can't drive anymore, but she's got a 1978 Buick Century that would be perfect for you. M: Is it quite good? How much do you think she wants? W: It's really very good; 'only 43,000 miles on it, and most of those come from her driving down to Florida each winter. You could buy it for $1,150, a lot less than the $3,000 or so you were thinking of spending. M: When can I see it? W: How about right now? 23. What does the man want to do?
[解析] How old is the woman's uncle's mother-in-law?
[解析] 事实细节题。女士在对话中提及自己叔叔的岳母是86岁。
3.
A.California.
B.Florida.
C.Texas.
D.Georgia.
A B C D
B
[解析] Where does the old lady drive her Buick each winter?
[解析] 事实细节题。女士介绍Buick Century 的车况，开了四万三千英里，主要是叔叔的岳母每年冬天开车到佛罗里达州跑的里程，因此可知老夫人每年冬天开车去佛罗里达。
Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question , you must choose the best answer from the four chokes marked A) , B) , C) and D) . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
[解析] 26-28 If you plan to remain in the United States for any length of time, you will soon find it too expensive to stay in a hotel and will want to find another place to live in. As is true in cities everywhere in the world, the farther you live outside the city, generally the lower the rents will he. However, traveling to and from the city by bus, car, or train may make it as expensive as living in the city. Naturally, it is easier to join in the life of a city if one is close to the center. For this reason, you may prefer to live as close to the center of the city as possible. Or, you may prefer to rent a place for only a month or two until you become more familiar with the area. Your best source of information about either houses or apartments is likely to be the local newspaper. Usually, the week's most complete listing of houses or apartments to rent appears in the Sunday newspaper, which in many cities, can be obtained late Saturday night. Many people looking for houses or apartments believe that they have a better chance of finding a place to live in if they have all the information as soon as possible. On Sunday morning, they are ready to call or visit. 26. If you would like to pay lower rents, where should you live?
[解析] 事实细节题。本文开篇就指出住在大城市的费用是很昂贵的，所“... the farther you live outside the city，generally the lower the rents will be．”(住在越是远离城市的地方，你的租金就越便宜。)所以你想付较低的租金的话，就应该住在远离城市的地方。
2.
A.Traveling by bus or car.
B.Living in an expensive way.
C.Enjoying city life.
D.Finding places to live in.
A B C D
C
[解析] What's the benefit of living close to the city center?
[解析] 事实细节题。作者在第二段中指出“... it is easier to join in the life of a city if one is close to the center．”(如果住在城市的中心的话，就比较容易享受到城市能够为你提供的生活。)所以住在城市里的好处就是C) Enjoying city life．(享受城市生活)。
3.
A.When they are on holidays.
B.On Sunday mornings.
C.On Saturday night.
D.As soon as they have information.
A B C D
B
[解析] When do most people go visiting houses or apartments?
A.She died across from the US Department of Housing and Urban Development. B. US Department of Housing and Urban Development threw the dead woman out onto the street.
C.She died in Washington D.
C., the nation's capital.
D.No one cared about the homeless woman.
A B C D
A
[解析] 29-32 The problem of the homeless has become very serious in the United States. Almost in every community, you can find homeless people. An ironical case is: in November, 1993, a woman died on a street in Washington, D. C. , the nation's capital, and she died at a bus-stop across the street from the US Department of Housing and Urban Development. People become homeless for various reasons. Some may not be able to pay for the housing they used to have, because they have lost their job and cannot find another place they can afford. Others have mental disorders, or are addicted to drugs or alcohol, and there are not enough centres to care for them. As ways to help these people, the federal government and many communities have set up all kinds of projects. .Some programs include permanent housing, training for jobs and treatment for people who are addicted to drugs or alcohol. Some communities have opened centres that offer services for as many as 700 people. The homeless can stay as long as they want. People are making efforts to solve the problem. However, it will not be easy, because it is a personal and economic problem as well as a social problem. 29. Why is the death of the woman an ironical case?
[解析] 推理判断题。文中清楚明白地提到“An ironical case is：in November，... a woman died on a street in Washington，... across the street from the US Department of Housing and Urban Development"，从中可以做出这样的判断：无家可归的人在住宅建设与城市发展部门前死去，这是对美国政府的一个绝妙的讽刺。
2.
A.Because they do not want to pay for the houses.
B.Because they have financial troubles.
C.Because they like traveling across the country.
D.Because they like drinking out.
A B C D
B
[解析] Why do people become homeless according to this passage?
[解析] 事实细节题。文中分析了人们流离失所的原因，其中包括：" unable to pay for the housing they used to have"，"mental disorders"，" addicted to drugs or alcohol"，" there are not enough centre"，只有选项B)与上述内容相符。
3.
A.Finding houses; training for jobs; medical treatment.
B.Treatment for those who use drugs or 'alcohol; finding places to live; training for jobs.
C.Finding them jobs; sending them to hospitals; looking for houses.
D.Building houses for homeless people; teaching them English; finding doctors for them.
A B C D
B
[解析] What do these governmental programs include．
[解析] 事实细节题。文中指出这些项目包括："permanent housing'，"training for jobs and treatment for people who are addicted to drugs or alcohol"，"open centres"，由此可知B)为正确答案。
4.
A.Because it is a personal and economic problem as well as a social one.
B.Because it is a totally personal problem.
C.Because it is a huge burden on economics.
D.Because it is social problem.
A B C D
A
[解析] Why is the problem of the homeless difficult to solve?
[解析] 事实细节题。文中在最后指出：" it will not be easy，because it is a personal and economic problem as well as social problem．"，许多人无家可归这一问题不仅足个人问题，更是经济问题与社会问题，比较复杂。选项A)表达的正是此意。
Passage Three Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
[解析] 33-35 Janet's sister is a stewardess for a famous international airline, and Janet wants to become one too. Of course she is still too young. The minimum age for a stewardess is twenty and Janet is only just over sixteen. For the moment she has taken a job in an office. But she is going to attend evening classes. In particular, she wants to improve her French and she has also decided to take up a second language. This is because foreign languages are essential for a stewardess. Later on, when she is about eighteen, she plans to work in a hotel for a while. This will not be difficult to arrange because one of her uncles is the manager of a big London hotel. Among other things, she proposes to work in the kitchen and the dining-room. This will be especially valuable experience because an important part of a stewardess' work is to serve and feed the passengers. Finally, if she has the time, she will go and work in a hospital for a while. Again this will provide more valuable experience. So, you see, Janet has made up her mind and she is preparing for her career very carefully. But it was not easy for her to decide. She asked a large number of people and they all gave her conflicting advice ! 33. Why doesn't Janet work as a stewardess now?
[解析] 事实细节题。Janet 现在还无法做空中小姐的原因是“... she is still too young”更具体一些，空中小姐的最低年龄是twenty，而Janet 仅有sixteen。
2.
A.She has to have worked in a hospital once.
B.She has to have some experience of hotel work.
C.She has to know foreign languages.
D.She has to know how to fly a plane.
A B C D
C
[解析] What is the essential demand for a stewardess?
[解析] 事实细节题。题干中的 essential 是比较有特色的一个词，也是听力的关键词，因为它表示的都是比较重要的内容。原文"foreign languages are essential for a stewardess”一句给出了原因，即掌握外语是对空中小姐的基本要求，这也是为什么Janet去夜校学外语的原因。
3.
A.They advise her to change her mind.
B.They agree with her.
C.They think it is difficult to be a stewardess.
D.They say she can earn a lot.
A B C D
A
[解析] How do most people respond when she tells them her choice of her career?
[解析] 推理判断题。文章最后一句说Janet 向很多人征求了意见，可是“... they all gave her conflicting advice．”conflicting表示人们的意见与她的志向矛盾，即大家都劝她改变主意。
Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you' have written. Careerists are people whose self-image is determined almost exclusively by their jobs. 1 everything they do is designed to 2 their careers. They are defined by their jobs. When you meet a careerist at a party, he immediately tells you his 3 Take away a careerist's job and he does not know who he is. He loses his 4 . His life is seriously out-of-balance. This 5 disease is called careerism. Workaholics may or may not be careerists. Workaholics also spend most of their time and 6 on their jobs. But there may be different reasons for their work 7 . They may not even 8 with their jobs. Work may simply be an escape, an effort to avoid dealing with life. On the other hand, 9 . Careerists may not even like their jobs In fact, they may not even work that hard. They may spend most of their time on organizational politics and other schemes for advancement. 10 . A workaholic may be working to help others or to support a noble cause. If we are working on projects we see as important to social transformation, 11 . Managers must be alert to both careerist and workaholics, recognize the differences, and seek to help both move in the direction of wholeness.
a workaholic may love his job and simply become addicted to the pleasure of doing it and doing it well．
[解析] a workaholic may love his job and become crazy over the pleasure that his work brings．
10.
Careerists are not so much into work as into seeking identity through their career advancement，and the symbols of success．
[解析] Careerists prefer pursuing identity of the symbol of success to working hard．
11.
it is easy to become obsessed with the project and let other are as of our lives slide．
[解析] we are easily absorbed in the project and put other fields of our lives aside．
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Section A Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. In recent yearn, Israeli consumers have grown more demanding as they've become wealthier and more worldly-wise. Foreign travel is a national passion; this summer alone ,one in ten citizens will go abroad. 1 to higher standards of service elsewhere. Israelis are returning home expecting the same. American firms have also begun arriving in large numbers. Chains such as KFC, McDonald's and Pizza Hut are 2 a new standard of customer service, using strict employee training and constant monitoring to ensure the friendliness of frontline staff. Even the American habit of telling 3 customers to "Have a nice day" has 4 on all over Israel. "Nobody wakes up in the morning and says, ' Let's be nicer, '"says Itsik Cohen ,director of a consulting firm. "Nothing happens without competition." Privatization, or the threat of it, is a motivation as well. Monopolies(垄断者) that until recently have been free to take their customers for granted now fear what Michael Perry, a marketing professor, calls" the revengeful(报复的)consumer. "When the government 5 up competition with Bezap, the phone company, its international branch lost 40% of its market share, even while offering competitive rates. Says Perry, "People wanted to 6 for all the years of bad service. "The electric company, whose monopoly may be short-lived, has suddenly stopped requiting users to wait half a day for a repairman. Now, appointments are 7 to the half-hour. The 8 El A1 Airlines, which is already at auction (拍卖) ,has 9 its employees to emphasize service and is boasting about the results in an ad. campaign with the slogan, "You can feel the change in the air. "For the first time, praise 10 complaints on customer survey sheets. A. disclosed B. exposed C. settling D. setting E. opened F. scheduled G. retained H) retrained I) restrained J) graceless K) campaign L) outnumbers M) revenge N) caught O) departing
1.
B
[解析] expose 意为“使受影响，使受到或允许受到某种行为或影响的支配”，例如：expose themselves to disease(使他们受到疾病的影响)；expose their children to classical music(使他们的孩子们受到占典音乐的影响)。受到国外其他地方高标准服务的影响，以色列人回到国内也希望享受到同样的服务。
2.
D
[解析] 原文中后面的宾语standard 需要一个与之匹配的动词，来表示制订一套新的服务标准。set a new standard 为一固定词组，符合本题的要求。
Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by .some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a .single line through the centre.
Passage One Disposing of garbage has been a problem since humans started producing it. More and more people choose to live close together in cities, and the waste disposal issue becomes increasingly complex. During the eighteenth century, it was customary for several neighboring towns to get together to designate a remote spot as a dumpsite. Residents or trash haulers (运输) would transport household garbage, rotted or scrap wood, and old possessions to the site. Periodically some of the trash was burned and the rest was buried. The unpleasant sights and smells that resulted were endured because nobody lived nearby. Factories, mills, and other industrial facilities also had waste to be disposed of. Those located on rivers often just dumped the unwanted remains into the water. Others built enormous burners with smokestacks(烟窗) to deal with the problem. Several factors made these solutions unacceptable to modern society. The first issue is space. Dumps, which are now called landfills, are most needed in densely populated areas. Property is either too expensive or too close to residential neighborhoods. Long-distance trash hauling has been common practice, but once rural areas are refusing to accept garbage from elsewhere, cheap land within trucking distance of major metropolitan areas is almost nonexistent. Awareness of pollution dangers has resulted in more strict regulation of waste disposal. Contamination (污染) of rivers, groundwater, land, air is a price people can no longer pay to get rid of garbage. However, the amount of garbage continues to grow. Recycling efforts have become commonplace, and many towns require their residents to participate. Even the most vigorous and efficient recycling programs, however, can hope to handle only about 50 percent of a city's reusable waste.
1. How was garbage usually disposed of during the eighteenth century?
A.All the garbage was burned.
B.All the garbage was thrown into the river directly.
C.Most of garbage was recycled.
D.Garbage was transported to a remote dumpsite.
A B C D
D
[解析] 事实细节题。文章第二段前两句指出“During the eighteenth century，it was customary... designate a remote spot as a dumpsite. ... transport household garbage,... to the site．”(在十八世纪，通常几个相邻的城镇聚集起来指定一个偏僻地方作为垃圾场。居民或垃圾运输工把家里的垃圾、碎木屑和旧东西运往那里。)由此可知，过去人们把垃圾运往指定的垃圾场。[避错指导]第二段倒数第二句指出“Periodically some of the trash was burned and the rest was buried．”(一些垃圾定期被烧，其他的被埋掉，：)可见并不是所有的垃圾都被烧掉，故排除A)；第三段中提到"Those located on rivers often just dumped the unwanted remains into the water．”(那些位于河边的工厂通常把不要的废物倒入河里。)由此可知，只是河边工厂的垃圾，而不是所有的垃圾都被倒入河中，故排除B)；文章并未提及十八世纪人们循环利用垃圾，故排除C)。
2. The outdated methods of dealing with garbage are now considered unacceptable because of______.
4. It can be inferred from the passage that______.
A.people in the future will live far from the dumpsite
B.the garbage will become less and less
C.the recycling program is the only solution to waste disposal
D.strict regulation of waste disposal will be needed
A B C D
D
[解析] 推理判断题。根据文章第五段前两句可知，对污染危险性的认识导致对垃圾处理的严格规定。为清除垃圾对河流、地下水、土地和空气造成的污染所付出的代价，人们再也负担不起了。由此可推知，人们需要严格规定垃圾处理问题。[避错指导]文章第二段指出：布十八世纪，垃圾场位于偏远的地方，人们不愿住在附近，因为人们尤法忍受看到垃圾或闻到味道，但并未提到将来人们的居住情况，故排除 A)；第五段最后一句"However，the amount of garbage continues to grow．”指出，垃圾数量继续增长，而不是越来越少，由此可排除B)；再循环是垃圾处理的一种方法，但并不是惟一的方法，故排除C)。
5. The main idea of the passage is that______.
A.new approaches are found to solve the garbage problem
B.garbage disposal becomes a growing problem with limited solutions
C.garbage pollution is becoming more and more serious
D.recycling is an effective way to handle the waste
Passage Two Does a drink a day keep heart attacks away? Over tile past 20 years, numerous studies have found that moderate alcohol consumption say, one or two beers, glasses of wine or cocktails daily-- helps to prevent coronary heart disease. Last week a report in the New England Journal of Medicine added strong new evidence in support of that theory. More important, the work provided the first solid indication of how alcohol works to protect the heart. In the study, researchers from Boston's Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School compared the drinking habits of 340 men and women who had suffered recent heart attacks with those of healthy people of' the same age and sex. The scientists found that people who sip one to three drinks a day are about half as likely to suffer heart attacks as nondrinkers are. The apparent source of the protection those who drank alcohol had higher blood levels of high-density lipoproteins (脂蛋白), the so-called good cholesterol(胆固醇), which is known to repel heart disease. As evidence has mounted, some doctors have begun recommending a daily drink for patients of heart diseases. But most physicians are not ready to recommend a regular happy hour for everyone. The risks of teetotalling (绝对戒酒) are nothing compared with the dangers of too much alcohol, including high blood pressure, strokes and liver troubles--not to' mention violent behavior and traffic accidents. Moreover, some studies suggest that even moderate drinking may increase the incidence of breast and colon cancer. Until there is evidence that the benefits of a daily dose of alcohol outweigh the risks, most people won't be able to take a doctor's Prescription to the neighborhood bar or liquor store.
1. The medical article quoted in the first paragraph demonstrates______.
A.that reports on the advantages of alcohol were mistaken
B.the way in which alcohol does good to the heart
C.how a couple of cocktails daily can stop heart problems
D.why alcoholic drinks are dangerous to one's health
A.The nondrinkers are much healthier than those who drink alcohol.
B.Moderate drinking can help to prevent the incidence of the cancer.
C.Moderate drinking is worthy of being recommended to everyone,
D.People who drink too much alcohol take more risks than teetotalers.
A B C D
D
[解析] 推理判断题。最后一段第三句指出“The risks of teetotalling... mention violent behavior and traffic accidents．”(绝对戒酒的危险性比起饮酒过量的危险来说并不算什么，过量饮酒可能会引发高血压、中风以及肝脏疾病，更不用说暴力行为和交通事故。)由此可推知，饮酒过量者比绝对戒酒者承担更多的危险。[避错指导]文章第二段第二句指出：适量饮酒者患心脏病的几率是不饮酒者的一半，由此可知，不饮酒者并一定比饮酒者更健康，故排除A)；文章倒数第二句指出“some studies suggest that even moderate drinking may increase the incidence of breast and colon cancer．”(有些研究表明：适当饮酒可能增加乳腺癌和结肠癌的患病率。)故排除B)；根据最后一段第二、三句可知：大部分医生不准备推荐大家饮酒，故排除 C)。
Part Ⅴ Cloze Directions: There are 20 blanks in. the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) under the passage. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. The Internet can make the news more democratic, giving the public a chance to ask questions and seek 1 facts behind stories and candidates, according 2 the head of the largest US on-line services. "But the greatest 3 for public participation is still in the future," Steven Case, Chairman of America On-line, told a recent meeting on Journalism and the Internet 4 mainly by the Freedom Forum. 5 , stone other experts often say the new technology of computers is 6 the face of journalism, giving reporters 7 to more information and their readers a chance to ask questions and turn to 8 sources. "You don't have to buy a newspaper and be 9 to the four comers of that paper any more", Sam Meddis, on-line technology editor at USA Today, 10 about the variety of information 11 to computer users. But the experts 12 the easy access to the Internet also 13 anyone can post information for others to sec. "Anyone can say anything they want, 14 it's right or wrong," said Case. Readers have to 15 for themselves whom to trust. "In a world of almost 16 voices respected journalists and respected brand names will 17 become more important, not less," Case said. The Internet today is about 18 radio was 80 years ago, or television 50 years ago or cable 25 years ago, he said. But it is growing rapidly 19 it provides people fast access to news and a chance to 20 on it.
1.
A.after
B.through
C.out
D.for
A B C D
C
[解析] 惯用搭配题。文章首句指出，互连网可以使新闻更加民主，使公众有机会提问并______故事和候选人背后的真相。根据句意可推知，此处表示“找出”的意思。seek out意为“找山，搜出”，故C)项为正确答案。[避错指导]seek常与for、after连用，意为“寻找，追求”，如：seek (for) solutions for current problems (寻找日前问题的解决办法)，young graduates seeking (after) success in life(探索人生成功之途的毕业生)；seek 也可与介词 through 搭配，意为“找遍”。
2.
A.with
B.for
C.in
D.to
A B C D
D
[解析] 惯用搭配题。according to为介词短语，意为“据…所说，依据，按照”，如：according to historians (按历史学家所说)，act according to circumstances (随机应变)。此外，according 还可与as搭配构成连词短语，表示“视…而定，根据”，如：Everyone contributes according as he is able．(每个人根据自己的能力做出贡献。)
3.
A.responsibility
B.potential
C.possibility
D.opportunity
A B C D
B
[解析] 词辨析题。根据本句中的but可推知，此处与上文意思为转折关系。上文讲到公众通过互联网可以获得更多提问和了解事情真相的机会。紧接着讲到，但是对于公众参与最大的______还在将来。根据句意可推断出，此处应表示“潜力，可能性”的意思，故应选B)。[避错指导]A)responsibility 意为“责任，职责”，如：take/ bear/ assume full responsibility for the consequences (对后果承担全部责任)；C)possibility意为“可能性”，后常跟介词of，如：The possibility of breaking the world record never occurred to him．(他从来没想到有可能打破世界记录。)D)opportunity 意为“机会，时机”，如：equal employment opportunity (就业机会均等)。
4.
A.sponsored
B.supported
C.promoted
D.proceeded
A B C D
A
[解析] 动词辨析题。从空格所在的相关部分可知，此处应为过去分词作定语，修饰meeting。空格后是一个组织或机构的名称，由此可知，此处意思是：最近有个会议是由这个机构主办或发起(sponsor)的，故A)项为正确答案。[避错指导]B)support 意为“支持，拥护”，如：support a claim/ a political party (支持某项要求/某政党)；C) promote 意为“促进，提升”，如：promote growth，prosperity，and understanding(促进增长、繁荣和了解)；D) proceed意为“开始，进行”，如：The interview proceeded in a most friendly atmosphere． (会见在极友好的气氛中进行。)
[解析] 语义衔接题。此处意思是：电脑新技术正在______新闻业的面貌。四个选项中只有D) change (改变)填人此处最为恰当，故D)项为正确答案。[避错指导]A)improve意为“改善，提高”，如：improve in health(改善健康)，improve abilities(提高能力)；B)make意为“制造，产生”，可与faces构成短语，表示“扮鬼脸”；C)shape 意为“塑造，使定形”，如：He shaped a pot out of the clay.(他用黏土塑成一只罐子。)
7.
A.right
B.freedom
C.access
D.chance
A B C D
C
[解析] 名词辨析题。此处意思是：电脑新技术使记者们______更多的信息。根据句意不难得知，此处填入“有机会获得”更为合适。aceess 意为“接近，进入”，常与介词to连用，如：Citizens may have free access to the library．(市民可以自由使用图书馆。)[避错指导]A)right意为“权利”，如：the right to vote(选举权)；B)freedom 意为“自由”，如：The children enjoyed the freedom of the school holidays．(孩子们喜欢学校放假时的无拘无束。)D)chance意为“机会，可能性”，如：The Ox doesn't seem to have any chance of winning the league basketball matches．(看来公牛队没有打赢这次篮球联赛的可能了。)
8.
A.different
B.similar
C.reliable
D.original
A B C D
A
[解析] 形容词辨析题。此句相关部分的意思是：电脑新技术使记者们获得更多信息，给新闻读者们一个提问和求助于______渠道的机会。根据上下文可知，different 填入此处最为恰当。[避错指导]B)similar意为“相似的，类似的”，如：My new dress is similar to the one you have．(我的新衣服和你的那件相似。) C)reliable意为“可靠的，可信赖的”，如：It's not reliable to judge a man only by his looks．(单凭外表来判断一个人是不可靠的。)D)original 意为“最初的，独创的”，如：an original edition(原版)，an original writer(有独创性的作家)。
9.
A.obliged
B.confined
C.accustomed
D.related
A B C D
B
[解析] 动词辨析题。此处相关部分的意思是：你不必再买份报纸，被______在那张四方纸中。confine意为“把…限制在”，be confined to 表示“局限于，被限制在”。[避错指导]A)oblige意为“强迫，感谢”，be obliged to do sth．表示“不得不做某事”，be obliged to sb，表示“感谢某人”，如：I am obliged to you for your gracious hospitality．(我很感谢你的热情好客。)C)accustom意为“使习惯于”，be accustomed to是固定搭配，如：I am accustomed to humble fare．(我习惯于粗茶淡饭。)D)relate 意为“使联系，有关”，如：all the papers that relate to this subject(有关这个问题的所有论文)。
10.
A.inquired
B.worried
C.concerned
D.observed
A B C D
D
[解析] 动词辨析题。根据前面说话内容可知，这是Sam Meddis 关于各种各样的信息所作的评论，在四个选项中只有observe有“评论，说”的意思，如：He observed that it would probably rain．(他说很可能会下雨。)，[避错指导]A)inquire意为“询问，调查”，inquire about表示“向问”，如：inquire about trains to London (打听去伦敦的火车)；B)worry意为“使担心，使苦恼”，可与about连用，如：Don't worry about trifles，(不要为小事烦恼。)C)concern 意为“关心，担忧”，可与about连用，如：We're rather concerned about father's health．(我们非常担心父亲的健康。)
11.
A.possible
B.favorable
C.available
D.applicable
A B C D
C
[解析] 形容词辨析题。空格所在处意为：电脑用户可以得到的各种各样的信息，available 意为“可得到的，可利用的”，后常跟介词for，但后面跟人时只能用to。由句意及用法可知，C)项为正确答案。 [避错指导]A)possible 意为“可能的”，其后可跟动词不定式，如：I'll do everything possible to help you．(我将尽一切可能帮助你。) B)favorable 意为“有利的，良好的”，如：a favorable situation(有利的形势)；D)applicable (to)意为“可适用的”，如：This rule is not applicable to foreigners．(这项规定不适用于外国人。)
12.
A.indicated
B.discovered
C.illustrated
D.estimated
A B C D
A
[解析] 动词辨析题。空格所在句的意思是：但是专家们______容易上网也就______任何人都能够发送信息使其他人看到。结合上下文意思可推知，此处填入indicate (指出)最为恰当。[避错指导]B)discover意为“发现，发觉”，如：discover new oil fields(发现新油田)；C)illustrate 意为“举例说明，阐明”，如： His story illustrates her true generosity very clearly．(他所说的事很清楚地说明了她确实慷慨大方。)D)estimate意为“估计，评价”，如：estimate one's ability (评价某人的能力)。
13.
A.explains
B.means
C.emphasizes
D.conveys
A B C D
B
[解析] 动词辨析题。空格所在句的意思是：但是专家们指出容易上网也就______任何人都能够发送信息使其他人看到。根据上下文内容可推知，此处填入mean(意味着)最为恰当。[避错指导]A)explain意为“解释，说明”，如：explain the word properly in English(用英语正确地解释这个词)；C)emphasize意为“强调”，如：He emphasized the need for hard work．(他强调了苦干的必要。)D)convey意为“传达，运送”，如I can't convey my feelings in words．(我的情感难以言表。)
[解析] 动词辨析题。空格所在句的意思是：读者必须自己______信任谁。determine意为“决定”，根据上下文，符合句意的选项是B)。[避错指导]A)deduce意为“推论，推断”，如：deduce a conclusion from these facts (从这些事实推出结论)；C)prove意为“证明，证实”，如：prove oneself worthy of confidence(证明有信用)；D)investigate意为“调查，研究”，如：The police are investigating the robbery．(警察正在调查这起抢劫案。)
[解析] 动词辨析题。与空格相关的意思是：互联网为人们提供了快速得到消息的途径和______消息的机会。从上文可知，人们可以在网上发表自己的见解，也就是对新闻或消息做出评论。comment on为习惯搭配，意为“评论，提意见”。[避错指导]B)concentrate on意为“集中”，如：Concentrate on your work．(集中精神工作。)C)agree on意为“对…意见一致”，如：We agree on this count．(在这一点上，我们的意见一致。)D)depend on 意为“依靠，取决于”，如：It all depends on how you tackle the problem．(那要看你如何应付这个问题而定。)
Part Ⅵ Translation Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English, the Chinese given in brackets.
1. I do not want to____________(陷入) the quarrel between Tom and Mary.
get involved in
[解析] 本题考查固定表达get involved in，意为“卷入，牵涉，涉及”。
2. ____________(尽管天来旱) , there were several people at the advance booking office.
深色：已答题 浅色：未答题