填空题 Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with one suitable word. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. The earliest settlers came to the North American continent to establish colonies which were free from the controls that existed in European societies. They wanted to 1 the controls placed on their lives by kings and governments, priests and churches, noblemen and aristocrats. To a great 2 , they succeeded. In 1776 the British colonial settlers 3 their independence from England and 4 a new nation, the United States of America. In 5 doing, they overthrew the king of England and declared that the power to govern would lie in the 6 of the people. They were now 7 from the power of the kings. In 1787, when they 8 the Constitution for their new nation, they separated church and state so that there would never be a governmentsupported church. This greatly 9 the power of the church. Also, in this Constitution they expressly forbade titles of nobility to ensure that an aristocratic society would not develop. There would be 10 ruling class of noblemen in the new nation. The historic decision 11 by those first settlers has had a profound 12 on the shaping of the American character. By limiting the power of the government and the churches and eliminating a formal aristocracy, they 13 a climate of freedom where the emphasis was 14 the individual. The United States came to be associated in their minds 15 the concept of individual freedom. This is probably the most 16 of all the American values. Scholars and outside observers often 17 this value "individualism", but many Americans use the word "freedom". Perhaps the word is one of the most respected popular words in the United States today. By "freedom", Americans 18 the desire and the ability of all individuals to control their own destiny without outside interference from the government, a ruling noble class, the church or 19 other organized authority. The desire to be free of controls was a basic value of the new nation in 1776, and it has continued to 20 immigrants to this country.
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escape
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extent
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declared/got/gained/achieved
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established/founded
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so
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hands
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free
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wrote
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limited / restricted
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no
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made
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effect / influence / impact
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created
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on
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with
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basic / important / essential
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call
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mean
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any
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attract / draw
Archaeologist Timothy Kendall was leading an expedition in northern Sudan when one of his diggers came across a slab of intricately carved stone hidden in rubble. Soon after, another slab 21 up, and then another, until there were 25 in all, laid 22 in the sand like an archaeological jigsaw puzzle. 23 together, the pieces formed a dazzling tableau: golden stars set against a blue sky, with crowned eagles flying 24 into the distance. Flying where, precisely? Kendall, an associate curator at Boston Museum of Fine Arts, thinks he knows. And 25 his hunch is correct, he may be a few tons of rubbles 26 from a major archaeological find. Kendall's 27 , when and if it comes, should be one of many 28 from that corner of Africa. Long 29 an archaeological afterthought by scientists exploring the more famous temples and pyramids of Egypt, just to the north, Sudan becomes suddenly the hot place to be and not just because 30 the equatorial temperatures that register as 31 as 100 degrees F. 32 during the prime winter digging season. At least 15 teams from the U.S., Europe and Sudan are sifting 33 the same sands for secrets of ancient Nubia, the world's first black civilization, 34 at its height stretched more than 1,000 miles 35 the Nile River, from 36 is today the central part of Sudan to the southern reaches of Egypt. Everything uncovered thus 37 supports the conviction that the Nubians were not just dependents and trading partners of the Egyptian Pharaohs but also the 38 of an ancient and impressive civilization of their 39 , with a homegrown culture that may have been the most complex and advanced in 40 Africa.
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