Ⅱ1. What are the characteristics of Ireland's climate?
It can be described as "mild, moist and changeable".
2. What is the most significant feature of Irish landscape, which covers all the mountains and large areas of lowlands?
Bogs remain the most significant feature of Irish landscape.
3. What is the ethnic composition of Ireland?
In Ireland the basic ethnic stock is Celtic, with a mixture of Norse, French, Norman and English.
4. In which way is Ireland unique among the European countries in terms of its national population?
It has a century-long population decline.
5. What are the two official languages used in Ireland?
They are Irish (or Gaelic) and English.
6. What was the consequence of the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921?
Violent opposition to the treaty by ultranationalists led to a civil war.
7. When did Eire become the Republic of Ireland?
Eire became the Republic of Ireland in April 1949.
8. Why did Ireland refuse to join in World War Ⅱ?
Ireland kept out of World War II to demonstrate its continued displeasure with the British.
9. What was the result of growing Irish nationalism in the early decades of the 20th century?
Irish nationalism became stronger and even more violent in the early decades of the 20th century and climaxed in the Easter Uprising of 1916 in which an Irish Republic was proclaimed.
10. What is the Irish Republic Army?
Irish Ultranationalists who started violent opposition to the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921 set up the Irish Republican Army.
11. How many people were immigrants in the United States in 1992?
About 20 million people were immigrants in 1992.
12. How did the black people come to the United States?
The first blacks were brought to North America as slaves in 1619. Then slave trade brought more blacks to North America.
Ⅲ1. IRA
IRA: IRA stands for Irish Republican Army. It commits in to the goal of a united Ireland, probably in violent way.
2. baby boom
baby boom: Baby boom refers to the great increase of birth rate between 1946 and 1964. People born in this period are called baby boomers.
3. the Civil Rights Act of 1964
the Civil Rights Act of 1964: Civil Rights Act of 1964 is considered to be the most far-reaching act on civil rights in modern times, forbidding discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, gender and national origin. It is the result of a strong civil rights movement in the 1960s. The act added protections for the rights to vote, to use public facilities and to enjoy the same education as white people. It also contained provisions guaranteeing equal employment opportunities.