Section Ⅰ Use of English Direction: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. Millions of Americans and foreigners see G.I. Joe as a mindless war toy, the symbol of American military adventurism, but that's not how it used to be. To the men and women who 1 in World War Ⅱ and the people they liberated, the G.I. was the 2 man grown into hero, the pool farm kid torn away from his home, the guy who 3 all the burdens of battle, who slept in cold foxholes, who went without the 4 of food and shelter, who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder. This was not a volunteer soldier, not someone well paid, 5 an average guy, up 6 the best trained, best equipped, fiercest, most brutal enemies seen in centuries. His name is not much. G.I. is just a military abbreviation 7 Government Issue, and it was on all of the articles 8 to soldiers. And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9 it to the top. Joe Blow, Joe Palooka, Joe Magrac ... a working class name. The United States has 10 had a president or vice-president or secretary of state Joe. G.I. Joe had a 11 career fighting German, Japanese, and Korean troops. He appears as a character, or a 12 of American personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of G.I. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle 13 portrayed themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the 14 side of the war, writing about the dirt-snow-and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were 15 or what towns were captured or liberated. His reports 16 the "Willie" cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men 17 the dirt and exhaustion of war, the 18 of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. 19 Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier, 20 the most important person in their lives.
1.
A.performed
B.served
C.rebelled
D.betrayed
A B C D
B
本文的开头一句大体意思是：很多美国人和外国人都把G.I．Joe看成是一个没有脑子的战争玩偶，是美国军事冒险主义的象征，但并不总是这样的。接下来作者说“对于那些在二战中______和他们所解放的人来说”，句法上来说，To the men and women who 1 in World War Ⅱ and the people they liberated是两个介词短语，一个是to the men and women who ______ in World War Ⅱ，另一个是to the people they liberated，分别 都含有一个定语从句。they很明显是指the men and women，they解放别人，所以一定是在二战中“服役”，故选择B。perform是“施行；履行；表现”；rebel是“反叛；反对”，如：rebel against the government反抗政府；rebel against the conventions of polite society反抗矫饰社会的习俗；betray是“背叛”，如：betray one's country背叛祖国。
2.
A.actual
B.common
C.special
D.normal
A B C D
B
在这个句子中，作者告诉我们G.I．Joe的真实身份，“他是一个变成英雄的______人，是从水产农场家里被强行带走的孩子……”，从其出身来看，他也就是个“普通”人，所以选择B。actual是“实际的”，如：actual buying power实际购买力；the actual state of affairs实际情况；special是“特殊的”；normal是“正常的”。
3.
A.bore
B.eased
C.removed
D.loaded
A B C D
A
作者进一步告诉我们，“他是一个______所有战争压力的家伙”，将选项带进去，只有“承受”最合理，故选A项，bore是bear的过去式；ease是“减轻；缓解”，如：ease the pain减轻痛苦；ease the anxiety缓解压力；remove是“清除”，如：remove the dirt from the floor清除地板上的脏迹；load是“装载”，如：be loaded with sand装上沙子。
4.
A.necessities
B.facilities
C.commodities
D.properties
A B C D
A
从这个选项的存在句可以看出，“吃的和住的”应该算是人生存的必需品，所以选择necessities；facilities是“设备；设施”；commodities是“商品”；properties是“属性”，如：chemical properties of the drug这个药物的化学属性，注意：当property为单数时意思是“财产”。
这个小句告诉我们“G．I．出现在所有______给士兵的物品上”，不难理解应该是handed out。因为hand out是“分发”，如：The teacher handed out the examination papers老师分发考卷；turn over是“倾覆；把……翻过来”，如：turn over the boat把船弄翻；turn over the sleeping baby把睡觉的婴儿翻身；bring back是“带回”；pass down是“把……传下去”，如：pass down the fine tradition to the young generation把优良传统传给年轻人。
9.
A.pushed
B.got
C.made
D.managed
A B C D
C
上面解释了G.I．的意思，那么Joe呢?从这个句子和下面两个句子很容易看出，Joe是一个小人物的名字，这样的人从来都没有爬到社会的顶层，所以选择C，因为make it to意思是“到达”；其他三个动词都没有这样的搭配。
从这个句子我们了解到，Joe是电影The Story of G.I．Joe中一个人物，这个电影取材于美国战地记者Ernie Pyle人生最后的日子。既然是个电影中的人物，Joe就必然有代表性，因而是美国人性格的一个“集合”，所以选择B；company是“公司；陪伴”，如：foreign company外国公司；keep sb．company陪伴某人；He was tired from too much company yesterday．昨天来客太多，他累着了。community是“社会；社区”，如：international community国际社会；community college社区大学；colony是“殖民地”。
从这个句子中的分词短语writing about the dirt-snow-and-mud soldiers我们可以看出，Pyle应该是以刻画战争的“人性”一面而闻名，所以选择human；ethical是“合乎道德的；伦理的”，如：ethical conduct合乎道德的行为；military是“军事的”；political是“政治上的”。
15.
A.ruined
B.commuted
C.patrolled
D.gained
A B C D
D
Pyle关心的“不是军队向前推进多少英里，拿下或解放什么城镇”，这一意思决定我们只能选择gained。ruin是“毁灭；毁坏”；commute是“减轻；兑换；经常乘车于两地”，如：commute a death sentence to life imprisonment把死刑减轻为无期徒刑；commute foreign money to domestic把外币兑换成本国币；commute between one's home and his work在住处和工作地点乘车上下班；patrol是“巡逻”。
16.
A.paralleled
B.counteracted
C.duplicated
D.contradicted
A B C D
A
要理解这个句子，首先要搞清楚Bill Maulden是何许人也：此人是美国漫画家，以刻画第二次世界大战中的士兵闻名，漫画中的代表人物是Willie和Joe。漫画所表现的是士兵们厌战的心理以及他们需要忍受的困难和危险。后来Bill Maulden被称为“星条旗”艺术家。有了这个背景知识，我们可以推知，Pyle的战地报道与Bill Maulden的漫画应该是相得益彰，所以选择parallel“与……平行；与……相当”；counteract是“抵消”，如：counteract sb.'s bad influence抵消某人的恶劣影响；duplicate是“复制”；contradict是“否认……的真实性；反驳”，如：contradict a rumour辟谣。
这个句子告诉我们，士兵们彼此分享或与平民分享咖啡、烟草、威士忌酒或住处等，这些分享的东西都是文明的“碎片”，所以选择fragments；stages是“舞台；阶段”；illusions是“错觉”，如：live under illusions生活在错觉之下；advances是“进展”，如：major advances in science科学上大的进步。
本题选择at that point，其意思是“在那个时候”；on the contrary是“相反”；by this means是“通过这个手段”；from the outset是“从一开始”，如：From the outset，some scholars have been highly suspicious of the use of numerical methods in literary studies．从一开始，一些学者就高度怀疑把数据统计方法应用到文学研究的有效性。
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A Direction: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Text 1 Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student's academic grade. This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children. District administrators say that homework will still be a part of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework accounting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see very little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule. At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students' academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework matters, it should account for a significant portion of the grade meanwhile, the policy does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct. The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.
1. It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework ______.
A.is receiving more criticism
B.is no longer an educational ritual
C.is not required for advanced courses
D.is gaining more preferences
A B C D
A
引申题。第一段中提到“Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents，but in recent years it has been particularly scorned．”文中提到过去学生乃至许多家长都不太欢迎作业，但近年来大家尤其鄙视(scorn)作业，由此引申为批评的态度。
2. L.A. Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students ______.
A.tend to have moderate expectations for their education
B.have asked for a different educational standard
C.may have problems finishing their homework
D.have voiced their complaints about homework
A B C D
C
细节题。第二段“This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework．”这规定是解决来自贫穷家庭或家庭矛盾严重而不能独自完成作业的学生的困难。
3. According to Paragraph 3, one problem with the policy is that it may ______.
A.discourage students from doing homework
B.result in students' indifference to their report cards
C.undermine the authority of state tests
D.restrict teachers' power in education
A B C D
A
引申题。第三段“But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades，students can easily skip half their homework and see very little difference on their report cards．Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework．”从第三段的转折词看起，作业成绩占总成绩的10%，对总评分的影响小，故一些州中考试成绩优秀的学生不愿做作业，可见造成的后果是学生不愿做作业。B项有推断过度之嫌，故排除。
4. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether ______.
A.it should be eliminated
B.it counts much in schooling
C.it places extra burdens on teachers
D.it is important for grades
A B C D
B
引申题。第四段“If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students' academic achievement，it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments，not make them count for almost nothing．Conversely，if homework matters，it should account for a significant portion of the grade”．从两个对比句子看出作业对学生的学业的作用，如果作业不重要的，就应该减少或取消。如果作业重要的话，它理应占学生成绩的较大比例。由此推出答案为B项。D项有较大的干扰作用，但原文强调作业对学业(schooling)的作用。
5. A suitable title for this text could be ______.
A.Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy
B.A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students
C.Thorny Questions about Homework
D.A Faulty Approach to Homework
A B C D
D
中心题。利用关键词，排除A项和B项，作者批评洛杉矶地区实施的作业规定，在最后一段提出“It is not too late for L.A．Unified to do homework right,...”洛杉矶联合学区做好功课(准备)也为时不晚。一语双关，提出作者观点，对作业规定明显存有不足，和D项A Faulty Approach to Homework(对作业的错误方法)一致。
Text 2 Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the color, yet it is pervasive in our young girls' lives. It is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls' identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls' lives and interests. Girls' attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not color-coded at all until the early 20th century, in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What's more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colors were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine color, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolized femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children's marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years. I had not realized how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children's behavior: wrong. Turns out, according to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularized as a marketing trick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s. Trade publications counseled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create "third stepping stone" between infant wear and older kids' clothes. It was only after "toddler" became a common shoppers' term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences—or invent them where they did not previously exist.
1. By saying "it is ... the rainbow" (Line 3, Para.1), the author means pink ______.
A.should not be the sole representation of girlhood
B.should not be associated with girls' innocence
C.cannot explain girls' lack of imagination
D.cannot influence girls' lives and interests
A B C D
A
细节题。先排除B，它与文中提到“it (pink) presents that connection，even among two-year-olds，between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence．”(粉色代表女孩的无暇)，选项B(粉色和女孩的无暇无关)与上述原文内容相反，故排除。关于选项C和D项，注意原文的逻辑主语“I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls' lives and interests．”(对女孩的生活和兴趣缺少想象力实在令我绝望)，选项C和D和原文不符，故排除。应选A项，符合“a section of rainbow”表示的意思，即多彩的。
2. According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colors? ______.
A.Colors are encoded in girls' DNA
B.Blue used to be regarded as the color for girls
C.Pink used to be a neutral color in symbolizing genders
D.White is preferred by babies
A B C D
B
细节题。第二段提到“Blue，with its intimations of the Virgin Mary，constancy and faithfulness，symbolized femininity．”(蓝色，代表着圣女玛丽，象征着恒定，忠诚和女性)，A项偷换逻辑主语，原文是pink，而不是colors，故排除A项。
3. The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development was much influenced by ______.
A.the marketing of products for children
B.the observation of children's nature
C.researches into children's behavior
D.studies of childhood consumption
A B C D
A
细节题。利用题目中关键词perception of children's psychological development，定位于第三段“I had not realized how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids，including our core beliefs about their psychological development”．Marketing(市场营销)影响着我们对孩子的认知。故选A项。
4. We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to ______.
A.focus on infant wear and older kids' clothes
B.attach equal importance to different genders
C.classify consumers into smaller groups
D.create some common shoppers' terms
A B C D
C
引申题。题目问“department stores”建议得做些啥?定位最后一段中“Trade publications counseled(advise建议)department stores that，in order to increase sales， they should create a‘third stepping stone’between infant wear and older kids’ clothes... Splitting kids，or adults，into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits．”这题得结合前后两句才能得出答案，即顾客群体的细分才能获得更多利润。
5. It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be ______.
A.clearly explained by their inborn tendency
B.fully understood by clothing manufacturers
C.mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen
D.well interpreted by psychological experts
A B C D
C
引申题。从题目中“conclude”这词，问的是结论，一般在最后一段寻找，尤其最后一句，“And one of the easiest ways(to make profits)to segment a market is to magnify gender differences—or invent them where they did not previously exist．”细分市场最简单的方法是强化性别差异，或涉足于尚未开发的领域。
Text 3 In 2010, a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades— by 2005 some 20% of human genes were parented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO), a trade group, assured members that this was just a "preliminary step" in a longer battle. On July 29th they were relieved, at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed hold patents to two genes that help forecast a woman's risk of breast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad, a company in Utah, said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike. But as companies continue their attempts at personalized medicine, the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over. Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; and patents' monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad's. A growing number seem to agree. Last year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecule "is no less a product of nature... than are cotton fibers that have been separated from cotton seeds." Despite the appeals court's decision, big questions remain unanswered. For example, it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of individual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court. As the industry advances, however, other suits may have an even greater impact. Companies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules—most are already patented or in the public domain. Firms are now studying how genes interact, looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug's efficacy. Companies are eager to win patents for "connecting the dots", explains Hans Sauer, a lawyer for the BIO. Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO recently held a convention which included sessions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.
1. It can be learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like ______.
A.their executives to be active
B.judges to rule out gene patenting
C.genes to be patentable
D.the BIO to issue a warning
A B C D
C
细节题。题目主干是“biotech companies would like...”，第一段提到“Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades-by 2005 some 20% of human genes were parented．But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable．”几十年来，公司持有已分离DNA的专利权，约20%的人类基因已获得专利，但是2010年3月，法官判决基因不可获取专利权，令公司总裁大怒。得出公司想要获得是基因专利权。
2. Those who are against gene patents believe that ______.
A.genetic tests are not reliable
B.only man-made products are patentable
C.patents on genes depend much on innovation
D.courts should restrict access to genetic tests
A B C D
B
细节题。反对者的理由出现在第二段“Critics make three main arguments against gene patents：a gene is a product of nature，so it may not be patented；gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it；and patents' monopolies restrict access to genetic tests．”原因有3个，分别是基因是自然之产物，基因专利权有碍创新，专利垄断限制人们使用基因测试。A项没有提到，而D项的逻辑主语被偷换了，C项说的与原文相反。故选B项。可能学生看到“only”一字，就不假思索排除它，选其他的选项。注意在考试时，应仔细核对原文。
3. According to Hans Sauer, companies are eager to win patents for ______.
A.establishing disease correlations
B.discovering gene interactions
C.drawing pictures of genes
D.identifying human DNA
A B C D
B
细节题。利用Hans Sauer定位，题区“Firms are now studying how genes interact，looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug's efficacy, companies are eager to win patents for 'connecting the dots'，”公司现在研究基因如何互相作用，寻找相关性，以便用来确定病因或预测药效，公司正争取“基因互相作用”。故选B项。
4. By saying "Each meeting was packed" (line 4, Para.6), the author means that ______.
A.the Supreme Court was authoritative
B.the BIO was a powerful organization
C.gene patenting was a great concern
D.lawyers were keen to attend conventions
A B C D
C
引申题。最后一段“The BIO recently held a convention which included sessions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents．Each meeting was packed．"Bio公司最近开会，辅导律师有关专利的事务，每次会议人都挤得满满的，引申得出人们对此事的关注。
5. Generally speaking, the author's attitude toward gene patenting is ______.
Text 4 The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends, it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics, our culture, and the character of our society for years. No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending. But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U. S., lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes. Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them — especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed, those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind. In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden within American society. More difficult, in the moment, is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society's character. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this recession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly will, and all the more so the longer they extend.
1. By saying "to find silver linings"(Line 1, Para.2) the author suggest that the jobless try to ______.
A.seek subsidies from the government
B.explore reasons for the unemployment
C.make profits from the troubled economy
D.look on the bright side of the recession
A B C D
D
引申题。“to find silver linings”中“silver lining”(福)源于一句谚语“Every cloud has a silver lining．”第二段提到“Many said that unemployment，while extremely painful，had improved them in some ways；”(大家说失业虽然痛苦不堪，但一定程度上完善了自我。)“They had become less materialistic and more financially prudent；they were more aware of the struggles of others．In limited respects，perhaps the recession will leave society better off．”(他们变得不再那么追求物质，变得节俭，更加意识到他人日子的不易)，总结这些结果，得出答案是D“look on the bright side of the recession”(看到经济萧条好的一面)。
2. According to Paragraph 2, the recession has made people ______.
A.realize the national dream
B.struggle against each other
C.challenge their lifestyle
D.reconsider their lifestyle
A B C D
D
引申题。先排除文中未提到的A和B项。选项C和D接近，但细细分析，尤其是第二段最后一句“it has awoken US from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses，and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending．”(失业唤醒我们，让我们不再追寻一夜暴富或拥有大房子等梦想，结束我们乱花钱的时代)。由此推断经济萧条没有挑战我们的生活方式，而是改变了我们的生活方式。选D项。
3. Benjamin Friedman believes that economic recession may ______.
A.impose a heavier burden on immigrants
B.bring out more evils of human nature
C.Promote the advance of rights and freedoms
D.ease conflicts between races and classes
A B C D
B
归纳题。在第三段结束处，找到题目所问Benjamin Friedman，“society more mean-spirited and less inclusive，and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms．Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases，as does conflict between races and classes．”他认为社会变得小气，缺乏包容性，阻碍权利和自由的进步，反对移民的情绪高涨，种族和阶级纠纷四起。先排除C和D项，说失业有利一面，与文中内容相反，A项虽然提到移民，但没讲移民负担重，故选B项。
4. The research of Till Von Wachter suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to ______.
A.lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities
B.catch up quickly with experienced employees
C.see their life chances as dimmed as the others'
D.recover more quickly than the others
A B C D
D
引申题。问举例说明了什么，但可参考作者先提的观点，“not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed：”(并非所有经历经济萧条的人命运都坎坷)，“those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times；it is the masses beneath them that are left behind．”名校毕业的学生能迅速恢复到原来的生活，而平民百姓则时运不济。
5. The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is ______.
A.certain
B.positive
C.trivial
D.destructive
A B C D
A
态度题。文章最后一句“But they certainly will，and all the more so the longer they extend”，这里“they”指hard times，注意副词“certainly”，可以看出作者对艰辛岁月对社会的影响是明确的。
Part B Direction: Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT 1. "Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here," wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not. Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favorite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from our forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration. From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus— On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, he championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders. Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samuel Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers, industrialists and explorers. "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, of patient purpose, resolute working, and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formation of truly noble and manly character, exhibit," wrote Smiles. "what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself" His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life. This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals. Not everyone was convinced by such bombast. " The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles," wrote Marx and Engels in The Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles: "It is man, real, living man who does all that." And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. For: "Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past." This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding—from gender to race to cultural studies—were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too. downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs A. emphasized the virtue of classical heroes. B. highlighted the public glory of the leading artists. C. focused on epochal figures whose lives were hard to imitate. D. opened up new realms of understanding the great men in history. E. held that history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. F. dismissed virtue as unnecessary for successful leaders. G. depicted the worthy lives of engineer industrialists and explorers.
1. Petrarch
A
第三段提到Petrarch “highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes”．这和A项emphasized the virtue of classical heroes中一致。
2. Niccolo Machiavellli
F
第三段提到“Niccolo Machiavellli”，原文“In The Prince，the championed cunning， ruthlessness，and boldness，rather than virtue，mercy and justice，as the skills of successful leaders．”Machiavellli认为领导是狡诈、无情和大胆，而不是美德，怜悯和正义。这和F项“dismissed virtue as unnecessary for successful leaders”相同。成功的领袖无须拥有美德。
3. Samuel Smiles
G
第四段提到“Samual Smiles”，原文“wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers，industrialists and explorers”．G项depicted the worthy lives of engineer industrialists and explorers．利用G项中的提到企业家和探索家(industrialists and explorers)。
4. Thomas Carlyle
C
Thomas Carlyle出现在第四段。“who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther，Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte．These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate，but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals．”他写自传强调像马丁，拿破仑等名人，他们生活难以复制。这和C项中提到的“epochal figures”相仿。
5. Marxand Engels
E
倒数第二段提到Marx and Engels．原文“It is man，real，living man who does all that.” And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle．这和 E项提到的“the story of the masses and their record of struggle”完全一致。注意：这类题型，不求字字看懂，只求选项中提及的名词在原文中找到对应处，很容易匹配，得分不难。
Section Ⅲ Translation Directions: Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.
1. When people in developing countries worry about migration, they are usually concerned at the prospect of their best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world. These are the kind of workers that countries like Britain, Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates. Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate. A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40% of emigrants had more than a high-school education, compared with around 3.3% of all Indians over the age of 25. This "brain drain" has long bothered policymakers in poor countries. They fear that it hurts their economies, depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities, worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make.
[解析] When people in developing countries worry about migration，they are usually concerned at the prospect of their best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world． 此句是主从复合句，主句中谓语结构部分be concerned at the prospect of...可译成“关心……的前景”，亦可译成“关注……的趋势”。 These are the kind of workers that countries like Britain，Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates． 句中第一个由that引导的定语从句修饰workers；第2个由that引导的定语从句修饰 immigration rules。需要注意的是句中的privilege一词，不是名词，而是动词，意为“给予……特权或者优惠条件”。 Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate． 句中studies意为“研究”；found意为“表明或揭示”；emigrate意为“移出”。前面提及的immigrate为“移入”，而migrate为“迁移”。 A big survey of India house holds in 2004 found that really 40% of emigrants had more than a high-school education，compared with around 3.3% of all Indians over the age of 25． 此句采用的句法结构类似上一句，只不过是survey(调查研究)代替了studies。句中使用了compared with...过去分词短语，用作状语。 This “brain drain” has long bothered policy-makers in poor countries． 此句是简单句，但句中的“brain drain”不能按字面意思去理解，需作引申翻译，可译为“人才流失”。 They fear that it hurts their economies，depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities，worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make． 此句含有两个从句。由that引导的从句作fear的宾语从句；由who引导的定语从句使用了虚拟语气，修饰much-needed skilled workers。句中有两个动词短语，第一个是deprive sb．of sth．，意为“使某人失去某物”；第2个是come up with，意为“勾画、勾勒出或设计出”。
Section Ⅳ Writing
Part A
1. Direction: Suppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that youbought from an online store the other day. Write an email to the customer service center to (1) make a complaint and (2) demand a prompt solution. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Zhang Wei" instead. You should write about 100 words on ANSERE SHEET 2.
Dear Customer Service Center Manager，
Jan．5，2012
Five days ago, I bought a Casio electronic dictionary from your online store that I had long wanted to have．It initially worked well but from yesterday on it began to be dysfunctional．When I am still using it，the screen may become blank all of a sudden．At first, I thought the battery was the cause of the problem．But the replacement of battery didn't solve the problem．My friends who recommended me to buy the dictionary all said that they had never met such a problem．Please respond as soon as possible with instructions on how I can return the dictionary and receive a refund． I am looking forward to your reply． Zhang Wei
[解析] 这是投诉信。投诉信，顾名思义，就是对购买的商品或服务产生不满而写的信件。在写投诉信时，一定要把不满的缘由说清楚，而且要做到有礼有节。只有这样才能促成事情的圆满解决。所以，作者一开始交代了电子词典的问题所在：一开始工作很正常(it initially worked well)，但是从昨天起(from yesterday on)就出现问题(dysfunctional)：使用期间，其屏幕会突然变黑(become blank all of a sudden)，换上新的电池也解决不了这个问题。推荐Casio词典的朋友都说没有碰到类似的问题。因此，作者最后提出退货(return the dictionary and receive the refund)。签名之前，作者使用了I am looking forward to your reply这个句式，是MBA考生务必牢记在心的表达方式，可以用在类似信件中。
Part B
1. Direction: Write an essay based on the following table. In your writing you should (1) describe the table, and (2) give your comments. You should write at least 150 words.
某公司员工工作满意度调查
年龄/满意度
满意
不满意
不清楚
小于等于40岁
16.7%
50%
33.3%
41～50岁
0
36%
64%
大于50岁
40%
50%
10%
As the table informs US，the sense of satisfaction among the company staff is generally low．The survey shows that half of people younger than 40 years old and older than 50 say that they are dissatisfied．Even though the dissatisfaction percentage for the age group 40-50 is smaller(36%)，no one in this age category feels satisfied and 64% of them say that they have no idea about their state of mind．Interestingly，40% of people above 50 express their satisfaction．How should we interpret the figures? In my understanding，the staffs are unhappy most likely because they feel that their jobs are not financially rewarding．This may particularly explain the zero satisfaction among the middle-aged people，the sandwich generation who have to support their young and old． The second cause is that they find their jobs unchallenging，boring and uninspiring．Probably for this reason，people older than 50 are more likely to be satisfied—they are approachingtheir retirement age. The third possible reason could be the unhappy interpersonalrelationship within the company． The management of the company should make a careful analysis of this depressing survey result．Robust amounts of researches indicate that workers' sense of satisfaction correlates closely with their productivity．So if the company wants to improve its work efficiency and enlarge its profit，the management should address the staff's dissatisfaction inthe first place．
[解析] 范文的第一段是对所给数据的描述。第一句概括了数据传递的信息是什么——公司员工满意度很低。然后揭示了年轻组和老年组有一半的人不满意，即便中年组不满意率低，但是这组人中恰恰没有人满意，大多数人感到彷徨。满意率最高的却是在老年组。本段在结束时也提出一个问题，目的是为下文原因分析作出铺垫。 第二段分析原因。造成员工不满的原因不外乎下面三点：报酬低(not financially rewarding)、工作没劲(unchallenging，boring and uninspiring)、人际关系不和(unhappy interpersonal relationship)。本段中几个表达法尤其需要读者注意。“根据我的理解”是in my understanding，而不是according to my understanding；“由于这个原因”是for this reason，而不是because of this reason。此外，读者可以学会表达“上有老、下有小的这代人”是sandwich generation。 第三段是结尾段。作者提出建议，建议公司仔细分析(make a careful analysis)这个调查结果，因为大量的研究表明(robust amounts of researches indicate)，员工的满意度与其生产率存在密切的相关性(correlates closely with)，所以公司要提高工作效率、增加盈利，就必须首先(in the first place)解决(address)员工的不满问题。
深色：已答题 浅色：未答题