一、选择题 在每小题列出的四个备选项中选择一个最佳答案。
Coasts mark the area where dry land meets oceans or other large bodies of water. They are one of the most active environments found on Earth. The coastal landscape is ever-changing. It reflects the conflicting processes of erosion and deposition. It is a landscape that is affected by the interactions of the Earth, the Moon, and the Sun.
Coasts are among the most beautiful and inspiring landscapes on the planet, whether they are scenes of torrential storms or serene calm. Throughout recorded history, humans have sought to live on or near coasts. Although coasts account for only 10 percent of Earth's land surface, they serve as home to two thirds of the world's human population.
Coasts and shore, coastline and shoreline, are commonly used in place of each other. Technically, they are different areas along a coastal landscape. The line that marks the boundary between water and land is the shoreline. It constantly fluctuates because of the regular action of waves and tides. The shore is that strip of ground bordering a body of water that is alternately covered or exposed by waves or tides. The boundaries of the shore are marked by the shoreline at its farthest seaward (low tide) and farthest landward(high tide).
Tide is the periodic rising and falling of water in oceans and other large bodies of water in response to the gravitational attraction of the Moon and the Sun upon Earth. Although the Sun is larger than the Moon, the Moon is closer to Earth and, therefore, its gravitational force is approximately 2.2 times greater. The gravitational pull of the Moon creates two types of tides: high and low. A tidal bulge occurs in the oceans on the side of Earth nearest the Moon, at the same time, a second tidal bulge occurs on the opposite side of Earth. This second bulge forms because the force of the Moon's gravity pulls the solid body of Earth slightly away from the water on Earth's far side. These bugles are high tides. The areas between the tidal bulges experience low tide.
As Earth rotates, the tides move over its surface. It takes approximately 24 hours and 50 minutes for a given point on Earth to make a complete cycle relative to the Moon, and two lunar tidal cycles occur during this time. Thus, the average time between high tides is 12 hours and 25 minutes. This is a generalized explanation of tides. They do not move evenly and predictably over Earth's surface. Variations in the depth of the oceans and the distribution of landmasses combine with other factors to produce highly complex tidal behavior.
The coast and coastline begin where the shore ends at its high tide mark (farthest landward). The line between the coast and the shore at high tide is the coastline. The coast extends landward from the coastline to the first major change in terrain features, which may be miles inland. This could be a highland or a forest or some other type of terrain. Sometimes, the change between the coast and the adjacent terrain is not so distinct. Respect is not included in the marriage vows. No illustrated books show how to achieve it. And yet it is central to a lasting, satisfying marriage.
What is this thing called respect? It is not the same as admiration. "When you fall in love, you admire the other." says Dr. Alexander Symonds, associate clinical professor of psychiatry at the New York University School of Medicine, "You look up to someone—much the way a child idealizes a parent".
Such romantic admiration thrives and even depends on the illusion that he or she is "perfect for you." That's why it doesn't last. You come to see that the person you married isn't exactly what you expected," says Francine Gaborone, "There are differences of personality, of approaches to life, different ways of doing things".
You can try to change your mate back into your fantasy. But for the marriage to last and grow it's better to agree to disagree, to learn to let each other be. Only by taking this path can you begin to develop real respect toward each other.
"I have one patient whose husband loves sports, especially tennis," says Dr. Symonds. "She would prefer to go to the theatre, or to stay at home and read. She could simply say, 'We have different tastes.' Instead, she says, 'How can he waste his time and money that way?' She puts him down."
The put-down is the chief symptom—and weapon—of lack of respect, or contempt. "Contempt is the worst kind of emotion." says Symonds. "You feel the other person has no worth."
We've all seen marriages in which one or both partners attack the other quite savagely in the guise of "It's for your own good." Any "good" is undone by the hostile tone. A wife nags her husband to be more ambitious and makes him feel like a failure because he prefers craftsmanship or community projects to the competitive business world. Or a husband accuses his wife of wasting time whenever she gets together with a friend: "Why isn't she doing something productive? "
In good marriage partners nurture each other's self-esteem. They may experience humorous incomprehension of one another's preferences, but they never make their loved person feel like an idiot. "Marty's idea of a vacation is to go down to basement on a sunny day and spend time wood-working," says Dr. Alexander Symonds of her husband, psychiatrist and surgeon Martin Symonds.
But there's fondness in the gibes and firm support for the other's right to be himself. Respect is expressed in words like, "Sure, I'll come with you. Just don't be mad if I fall asleep."
That's the paradox of a good marriage: only by respecting each other as you are do you open the door to change. The root meaning of the word respect is "to look at". Respect is a clear yet loving eye. It sees what is there, but it also sees what is potentially there and helps bring it to fruition. Respect is the art of love by which married couples honor what is unique and best in each other. 二、简答题 根据题目要求完成下列任务，用中文作答。
1. “My friend speaks very well English.”是某学生的语误。简述这句话所要表达的意图，指出该语误可能存在的两个问题，并写出至少两种正确的表达方式。
(1)这句话所要表达的意思为“我的朋友英语讲得非常好”。
(2)该语误可能存在的两个问题：
一是认为副词修饰动词时，应紧跟动词；
二是受到汉语思维的影响，认为修饰语应放在中心语的前面。
(3)正确的表达方式：
My friend speaks English very well.
My friend's oral English is good.
四、教学设计题 根据提供的信息和语言素材设计教学方案，用英文作答。
1. 设计任务：根据下列学生信息和语言素材，设计一节英语听说课的教学方案。该方案应突出以下要点：
● teaching objectives
● teaching contents
● key and difficult points
● major steps and time allocation
● activities and justifications
教学时间：45分钟
学生概况：某城镇普通中学八年级(初中二年级)学生，班级人数40人。多数学生已经达到《义务教育英语课程标准(2011年版)》三级水平。学生课堂参与积极性一般。
语言素材：
[参考设计]
Teaching Contents: This listening and speaking class is about asking and introducing travel experiences.
Teaching Objectives:
(1) Knowledge objective
Students will be able to grasp the new words, master the sentence pattern "Have you ever been to...? /I have never been to..." and use it to introduce their travel experience.
(2) Ability objective
Students can develop their ability of independent thinking and cooperation through individual work, pair work and group work.
(3) Emotional objective
Students can enhance mutual understanding of each other.
Teaching Key Points:
Grasp the words and sentence patterns and learn to introduce others' travel experience.
Teaching Difficult Points:
How to improve their interest in joining the class.
Teaching Procedures:
Step 1 Leading-in (3 minutes)
Activity: Good morning, look at our city's map in my hand. I think you have been to some places. So tell me where you have been to.
(Justification: The map will attract Ss' interest and the teaching content would be naturally led in.)
Step 2 Presentation (20 minutes)
Activity 1: Practice in pairs and ask your partners with the sentence pattern "Have you ever been to...?"
Activity 2: Look at the map above and role play conversations. Talk about where you have been, where you want to go, and how you are going to get there.
(Justification: These two activities can help Ss practice what they have just learned and cultivate Ss' awareness of cooperation and competition.)
Step 3 Practice (10 minutes)
Activity 1: Invite several groups to come to the front to introduce where they have been to and give some evaluation.
Activity 2: Listen to the tape and finish task 2b.
(Justification: These activities can improve students' speaking and listening abilities.)
Step 4 Production (10 minutes)
Activity: Talk about where you want to go and image what scene you want to see there.
(Justification: Cultivate Ss' creativity.)
Step 5 Summary and Homework (2 minutes)
Summary: Retell what they have learned in this class.
Homework: Please do a survey of your friends to find out places they have been to.
(Justification: This step can help students review what they have learned in class and promote the communication between them and their friends as well.)
Blackboard Design:
Have you ever been to...?
Yes, I have. I have ever been to...
，对比它们的音标可知，C项正确，故选C。
深色：已答题 浅色：未答题