银符考试题库-在线练习-MBA联考英语真题2014年

MBA联考英语真题2014年

Section Ⅰ Cloze
Thinner isn't always better. A number of studies have 1 that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases, compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually 2 . For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. 3 , among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an 4 of good health.
Of even greater 4 is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined 6 body mass index, or BMI. BMI 7 body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be moral weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, 8 , can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese. While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 . For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small flame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI. Today we have a(n) 14 to label obesity as a disgrace. The overweight are sometimes 15 in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes 16 with obesity include laziness, lack of will power, and lower prospects for success. Teachers, employers, and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. 17 very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.
Negative attitudes towards obesity, 18 in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity 19 . My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama has launched a high-visibility campaign 20 children obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.

A.concluded
B.ensured
C.doubted
D.denied

A B C D

[解析] 逻辑关系/语义衔接题。根据这句话的意思：“一系列的研究已经______，事实上，正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。”横线后面的一句话是这一系列研究的总结。A选项concluded意为总结，B选项ensured意为确认，C选项doubted意为翻倍，D选项denied意为否定。选项A.符合题意。

A.dangerous
B.protective
C.sufficient
D.troublesome

A B C D

[解析] 逻辑关系题。根据后面的例子：“heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. 体重稍重比体重轻的女性能减少缺钙的风险。”说明超重带来的作用是积极的。A选项dangerous意为危险的，B选项protective意为防护的、保护的，C选项sufficient意为充足的，D选项troublesome意为麻烦的。根据句意，B选项符合题意。

A.Instead
B.However
C.Likewise
D.Therefore

A B C D

[解析] 语义衔接题。第三句话说明了超重女士的情况，第四句说明的是老人的情况，二者在同一个例子里面，表明的是承接关系，同一个意思。A选项Instead意为但是、反而，B选项However意为然而，C选项Likewise意为同样，D选项Therefore意为因此。A.、B.表明转折，D.表明结论，都不符合题意，C.指明两句话同样意思，因此C.是正确答案。

A.objective
B.indicator
C.origin
D.example

A B C D

[解析] 语义衔接题。“among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ______ of good health. ”在老人中，一定程度上超重，经常是健康的______。文章中明确表示超重带来的正面、积极的影响。A选项objective意为客观的，B选项indicator意为指示、指标，C选项origin意为来源，D选项example意为例子。超重带来的是健康，超重是健康的指标，选项B.indicator是正确答案。

A.impact
B.relevance
C.assistance
D.concern

A B C D

[解析] 语义衔接题。这句话的意思“需要更加______的是，很难对肥胖加以定义”。A选项impact意为印象，B选项relevance意为相关性，C选项assistance意为辅助，D选项concern意为关注。前文已经说到肥胖事实上有利健康，已经有一系列的研究表明了这个，但是又面临一个问题，到底如何去定义肥胖，因此需要更加关注的是对肥胖的定义，其他选项均不符合题意，所以正确答案为D.。

A.in favor of
B.in case of
C.in terms of
D.in respects of

A B C D

[解析] 语义衔接/固定搭配题。本句话的意思“肥胖经常______体质指数，或称为BMI来定义”。这个时候，学生应该有一定的医学常识：BMI通常是衡量受试者健康的重要指标。根据这一点，我们来看A选项in favor of表示赞成、以……来取代，B选项in case of表示在某种情况下，C选项in terms of表示根据……、就……而言，D选项in respects of表示关于……。选项C.是正确答案。

A.equals
B.determines
C.measures
D.modifies

A B C D

[解析] 词汇辨析题。前文提到肥胖通过BMI指标来定义。这题题干“BMI______体重除以身高的平方”。这句话表明了BMI的计算方法，即BMI等于体重除以身高的平方。英语中“加、减、乘、除”是“add，substract，multiply，divide”，“等于”是“equal”。

A.in turn
B.in contrast
C.in essence
D.in part

A B C D

[解析] 语义衔接/惯用搭配题。divide into是“分为”，本句话的意思“肥胖______能够分成中度肥胖、重度肥胖和极度肥胖”。A选项in turn意为依次，B选项in contrast意为相反地，C选项in essence意为事实上、实际上，D选项in part意为部分地。中度肥胖、重度肥胖和极度肥胖是逐步加深的过程，所以这句话的意思是肥胖可以依次分为以下几种。

A.complicated
B.conservative
C.variable
D.straightforward

A B C D

[解析] 逻辑衔接题。上文中，肥胖依次分为以上三种，文中题干表示“这样的数字标准(指肥胖的分类)看起来______，实际上不是的”。肥胖的分类清晰明确地表明出来，A选项complicated意为复杂的，B选项conservative意为保守的，C选项variable意为可变的，D选项straightforward意为直截了当的。A选项不符合题意，B选项一般指人而不是数学公式。肥胖的分类是确定的，就是这三种，因此C选项不对。D.符合题意。

10.

A.so
B.unless
C.since
D.while

A B C D

[解析] 逻辑衔接题。上文中表示肥胖的分类看起来简单，但是立刻转折：事实上却不是。Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, ______others with a low BMI may be in poor______. 这句话是对上文转折的解释：一些人有很高的BMI，实际上身材正好，______其他人有较低的BMI指数，可能______。前半句表示一些人BMI高，看起来属于肥胖人员，但是实际上身材很好，这是反常现象。后半句是表明有人BMI低……两句是转折关系。so表示因此，unless表示除非，since表示因为，这三个选项均不符合此意，D选项while有然而的意思，表示转折。

11.

A.shape
B.spirit
C.balance
D.taste

A B C D

[解析] 语义衔接题。本题承接上一题，“一些人的BMI很高，实际上身材正好，然而其他人的BMI指数较低，可能______”。“可能”表示的是虽然BMI指数较低，身材不一定好。A选项shape除了表示形状，这里考熟词新意，表示“外形”。spirit意为精神，balance意为平衡，taste意为品味，均不符合题意。

12.

A.start
B.qualify
C.stay
D.retire

A B C D

[解析] 语义衔接题。本题干是对上句“一些人的BMI很高，实际上身材正好，然而其他人的BMI指数较低，身材不一定好”的举例说明：有些专业的足球运动员BMI很高，但是体脂率很低。qualify考熟词新意，表示“证明是……，被认为是……”。start开始，stay停留，retire退休，均不符合题意。

13.

A.strange
B.constant
C.normal
D.changeable

A B C D

[解析] 语义衔接题。“有些人脂肪过高，但是BMI却______”，根据句子意思，不难理解，这些人脂肪过高，但是BMI应该是正常或者过低。A选项strange意为奇怪的，B选项constant和D选项changeable意为善变的，C选项normal意为正常的。所以，本题应该选C.。

14.

A.option
B.tendency
C.opportunity
D.reason

A B C D

[解析] 逻辑衔接题/词汇辨析。本题干是文章后面句意的总括性表达。“Today we have a(n) ______ to label obesity as a disgrace. ”如今，我们总______给肥胖贴上耻辱的标签。文章后面一句：“obesity includes laziness, lack of will power, and lower prospects for success. ”就是对这句话详细的解释。A选项option意为选择，B选项tendency意为倾向于，C选项opportunity意为机会，D选项reason意为原因。根据句子意思，B选项符合题意。

15.

A.employed
B.pictured
C.imitated
D.monitored

A B C D

[解析] 词汇辨析/语义衔接题。本题干是对上句总括性表达(肥胖是耻辱的标签)的解释说明，表明媒体不尊重肥胖者。出现在媒体中的肥胖者的脸都是打了马赛克的。本题用-ed的形式，表明出现在媒体中的肥胖者被______。A选项employed意为雇用，B选项pictured意为描述，C选项imitated意为模仿，D选项monitored意为监视。C选项符合题意。

16.

A.compared
B.combined
C.settled
D.associated

A B C D

[解析] 词汇辨析/语义衔接题。Stereotypes刻板印象。“对于肥胖者的刻板印象是懒惰，缺乏意志力，对成功的期望值不高。”A选项意为与……相比，B选项意为与……相结合，C选项意为和……和解，D选项意为与……相联系。人们总是把这些不好的品质与肥胖者联系起来。D选项符合题意。

17.

A.Yet
B.Still
C.Even
D.Only

A B C D

[解析] 逻辑衔接题。这个题目系上文的逻辑联系。前一句话的意思是“教师、雇员和专家都对肥胖者有歧视，______小孩子蔑视超重者。”“look down on”意为看不起、蔑视。后半句是对前半句意思的加深，表示让步关系。Even意为甚至，符合题意。Yet意为然而，Still意为仍然，Only意为仅仅，均不符合题意。

18.

A.despised
B.ignored
C.corrected
D.grounded

A B C D

[解析] 词汇辨析题。这句话是对上段情况的总结。“Negative attitudes towards obesity, in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity ______.”对于肥胖的负面态度，______健康考虑，已经激发一批反肥胖______的产生。该题前后所表达的意思是一致的，反对肥胖是基于对健康的关注。A选项despised意为轻视，B选项ignored意为忽略，C选项corrected意为改正，D选项grounded意为基于、考虑。D选项符合题意。

19.

A.discussions
B.businesses
C.policies
D.studies

A B C D

[解析] 语义衔接题。该空承接上面句子的意思：基于健康考虑，已经激发一批反肥胖______的产生。文章后文中提到hospital system, many employers institute，指向的意思是一个系统中所出台的政策问题。C选项policies符合题意。A选项discussions意为讨论，B选项businesses意为商业，D选项studies意为学业，均不符合句意。

20.

A.against
B.for
C.without
D.with

A B C D

[解析] 词汇辨析/语义衔接题。这一段的基调是反对肥胖。各相关部分已经出台政策，现在特指美国第一夫人的行为：米歇尔·奥巴马已经发起了一个高知名度的运动______儿童肥胖。这项运动肯定是反对儿童肥胖。只有介词against含有反对意思，for表示支持，without意为没有，with意为有。

Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

Text 1
What would you do with $590m? This is now a question for Gloria MacKenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. The blogosphere is full of advice for this lucky Powerball pensioner. But if she hopes her new-found lucre will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read "Happy Money" by Elizabeth Dunn and Michael Norton.
These two academics—she teaches psychology at the University of British Columbia; he lectures on marketing at Harvard Business School-use an array of behavioural research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and palatial homes on remote bluffs. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly. What was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; remorse creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms Dunn and Mr Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time—as stories or memories—particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.
This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most "happiness bang for your buck". It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it). Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason McDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib—a marketing gimmick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.
Readers of "Happy Money" are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not hunger. Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors' policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.

1. According to Dunn and Norton, which of the following is the most rewarding purchase?

A.A rich meal
B.A special tour
C.A stylish car
D.A big house

A B C D

[解析] 细节题。定位于文章第二段“It is far better to spend money on experiences...like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema.”这句话意思是“钱花在经历上更好……比如说旅行……”，后文中紧接着一句话“These purchases often become more valuable with time—as stories or memories—particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others. ”大意是“随着时间流逝，更能给人留下美好记忆的东西是最好的”。C、D文章没提到，虽然提到晚餐，但是特指“特殊的”，而不是“丰盛的”，丰盛的不一定能让人回味，所以B选项更符合题意。

2. The author's attitude toward Americans' watching TV is ______.

A.critical
B.supportive
C.sympathetic
D.ambiguous

A B C D

[解析] 观点态度题。定位于文章第三段“something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it”，意思是“普通美国人一年花两个月的时间看电视，并且看电视几乎不可能使人更愉快”，因此可以得知作者对于看电视的态度是A选项“批评的”。

3. McRib is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to show that ______.

A.popularity usually comes after quality
B.consumers are sometimes irrational
C.marketing tricks are often effective
D.rarity generally increases pleasure

A B C D

[解析] 观点例证题。大家需要读懂文章第三段。找到关键词McRib，定位于第三段这句话“and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly”，“sparingly”是“节俭的，保守的”，这句话大意是“有节制地消费奢侈品最令人愉悦”。对应的是答案D。虽然C在文中有所提及，但表明的是结果，并不是这个例子显示的原因。

4. According to the last paragraph, Happy Money ______.

A.may prove to be a worthwhile purchase
B.has left much room for readers' criticism
C.has predicated a wider income gap in the US
D.may give its readers a sense of achievement

A B C D

[解析] 细节题。首先在题干中找到关键词，即“Happy Money”，然后带着关键词回到原文中定位，最后一段的最后一句“most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent”，“money well spent”意思是“钱花的恰到好处”，所以这句话大意是“大多数人看完这本书后，认为物有所值”，对应答案是A。B，C，D文章中没有提及。

5. This text mainly discusses how to ______.

A.balance feeling good and spending money
B.spend large sums of money won in lotteries
C.obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent
D.become more reasonable in spending on luxuries

A B C D

[解析] 主旨题。掌握全文意思。文章第一段举例说明意外获取一大笔钱，怎样花钱是值得的。第二段说明消费于能给人留下美好记忆的事情是值得的。第三段说明稀有会增加消费乐趣，最后一段更直接说明，“yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others...”，所以文章主要说明选项A。

Text 2
An article in Scientific American has pointed out that empirical research says that, actually, you think you're more beautiful than you are. We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing (to use the psychological terminology) strategies to achieve this. Social psychologists have amassed oceans of research into what they call the "above average effect", or "illusory superiority", and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving (across the ages and genders) and 85% at getting on well with others-all obviously statistical impossibilities.
We rose-tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations. We become defensive when criticized, and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem. We strut around thinking we're hot stuff.
Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key study into self-enhancement and attractiveness. Rather than have people simply rate their beauty compared with others, he asked them to identify an original photograph of themselves from a lineup including versions that had been morphed to appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the study, is "an automatic psychological process, occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation". If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image-which most did-they genuinely believed it was really how they looked.
Epley found no significant gender difference in responses. Nor was there any evidence that those who self-enhanced the most (that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored pictures were real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. In fact, those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other markers for having higher self-esteem. "I don't think the findings that we have are any evidence of personal delusion," says Epley. "It's a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves." If you are depressed, you won't be self-enhancing.
Knowing the results of Epley's study, it makes sense that many people hate photographs of themselves so viscerally-on one level, they don't even recognize the person in the picture as themselves. Facebook, therefore, is a self-enhancer's paradise, where people can share only the flukiest of flattering photos, the cream of their wit, style, beauty, intellect and lifestyles. It's not that people's profiles are dishonest, says Catalina Toma of Wisconsin-Madison University, "but they portray an idealized version of themselves". (People are much more likely to out-and-out lie on dating websites, to an audience of strangers. )

1. According to the first paragraph, social psychologists have found that ______.

A.our self-ratings are unrealistically high
B.illusory superiority is a baseless effect
C.self-enhancing strategies are ineffective
D.our need for leadership is unnatural

A B C D

[解析] 细节题。根据关键词“first paragraph”，“social psychologists”定位到文章第一段第三句：“Social psychologists have amassed oceans of research into what they call the 'above average effect', or 'illusory superiority...all obviously statistical impossibilities'”，这句话大意是“社会心理学家对所谓的‘高于均数效应’或者‘虚幻的优越感’进行大量的研究，发现我们中70%的人认为自己的领导力在平均水平之上……这些数据明显都是不可能的。”总结这句话可以得出我们总是对自己评价过高的结论。

2. Visual recognition is believed to be people's ______.

A.rapid matching
B.intuitive response
C.automatic self-defense
D.conscious choice

A B C D

[解析] 细节题。根据关键词“Visual recognition”定位到文章文章第三段第三句：“Visual recognition, reads the study, is 'an automatic psychological process, occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation'”。这句话大意是“视觉识别是自动的心理过程，这个过程依靠直觉快速发生，且并不是故意的。”“automatic”的意思和“intuitively”相近，对应的是B选项。

3. Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to ______.

A.underestimate their insecurities
B.cover up their depressions
C.believe in their attractiveness
D.oversimplify their illusions

A B C D

[解析] 细节题。根据关键词“Epley”“higher self-esteem”定位到文章文章第四段第二句“those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other markers for having higher self-esteem. ”这句话的大意是“事实上，那些认为自己的形象高于吸引力标准的人就是那些表现出更高自尊的人”。“the images higher up the attractiveness scale”，就是C选项的同义改写。

4. The word "viscerally" (Line 2, Paragraph 5) is closest in meaning to ______.

A.occasionally
B.instinctively
C.particularly
D.aggressively

A B C D

[解析] 词汇辨义题。关键词是“viscerally”，我们定位到文章最后一段，“viscerally”所在句子的大意是“许多人讨厌照片中的自己，从某种层面上说，他们甚至不承认照片中的人是他们自己。”而下文又讲到Facebook是自我提升者的天堂，在那里人们可以分享最满意的照片。所以副词viscerally表明的是一种程度，根据句子意思，应该是“事实上，实际上”，最接近的意思是B选项instinctively，本能地，本质上地。

5. It can be inferred Face book is a self-enhancers paradise because people can ______.

A.present their dishonest profiles
B.withholds their unflattering sides
C.define their traditional lifestyles
D.share their intellectual pursuits

A B C D

[解析] 推理判断题。这道题承接4题，上文中提到“Facebook是自我提升者的天堂，在那里人们可以分享最满意的照片”，而后文中又紧接着说道“It's not that people's profiles are dishonest”，“but they portray an idealized version of themselves”，不是人们不诚实，而是人们展示了自己最理想的形象，所以答案选B。A选项直接否定，C、D均没有在文章中提及。

Text 3
The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as the industrial revolution, but this phenomenon tends to be most acutely felt during economic downturns and fragile recoveries. And yet, it would be a mistake to think we are right now simply experiencing the painful side of a boom and bust cycle. Certain jobs have gone away for good, outmoded by machines. Since technology has such an insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs, this phenomenon will continue to restructure our economy in ways we can't immediately foresee.
When there is exponential improvement in the price and performance of technology, jobs that were once thought to be immune from automation suddenly become threatened. This argument has attracted a lot of attention, via the success of the book Race Against the Machine, by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee, who both hail from MIT's Center for Digital Business.
This is a powerful argument, and a scary one. And yet, John Hagel, author of The Power of Pull and other books, says Brynjolfsson and McAfee miss the reason why these jobs are so vulnerable to technology in the first place.
Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U.S. that tend to be "tightly scripted" and "highly standardized" ones that leave no room for "individual initiative or creativity." In short, these are the types of jobs that machines can perform much better at than human beings. That is how we have put a giant target sign on the backs of American workers, Hagel says.
It's time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted, since we are still relying on a very 20th century notion of work, Hagel says. In our rapidly changing economy, we more than ever need people in the workplace who can take initiative and exercise their imagination "to respond to unexpected events." That's not something machines are good at. They are designed to perform very predictable activities.
As Hagel notes, Brynjolfsson and McAfee indeed touched on this point in their book. We need to reframe race against the machine as race with the machine. In other words, we need to look at the ways in which machines can augment human labor rather than replace it. So then the problem is not really about technology, but rather, "how do we innovate our institutions and our work practices?"

1. According to the first paragraph, economic downturns would ______.

A.ease the competition of man vs. machine
B.highlight machines' threat to human jobs
C.provoke a painful technological revolution
D.outmode our current economic structure

A B C D

[解析] 细节题。根据关键词“economic downturns”，我们定位到文章第一段的第一句。“The concept of man versus machine...but this phenomenon tends to be most acutely felt during economic downturns and fragile recoveries.”注意重点副词“acutely”的意思是“尖锐地，剧烈地”。这句话的大意是“人和机器人之间的对应关系自工业革命开始就有了，但是这种现象在经济衰退和经济复苏中尤为尖锐”。表明的是二者之间的矛盾在经济衰退时更为剧烈。强调了机器对人类工作机会的威胁。B选项正确。

2. The authors of Race Against the Machine argue that ______.

A.technology is diminishing man's job opportunities
B.automation is accelerating technological development
C.certain jobs will remain intact after automation
D.man will finally win the race against machine

A B C D

[解析] 细节题。根据关键词“Race Against the Machine”，我们定位到文章第二段。第二段一开始就提到：当价格的指数增长或者科技进步时，曾经一度不受自动化科技影响的工作突然受到威胁。这种争论受到了很多关注，其中这本书“Race Against the Machine”就阐述了这种情况。根据题意，工作会受到机器的影响。所以A选项符合题意。

3. Hagel argues that jobs in the U.S. are often ______.

A.performed by innovative minds
B.scripted with an individual style
C.standardized without a clear target
D.designed against human creativity

A B C D

[解析] 细节题。根据“Hagel”，“jobs in the U.S”定位到文章第四段。“Hagel says...tend to be 'tightly scripted' and 'highly standardized'...'individual initiative or creativity.'”这句话的意思是“Hagel表示美国的工作趋向于标准化和产业化，而没有给个体创造力和能动力留下空间。”下一句又说道：这些工作，机器比人类做得更好。就是因为没有个体创造力参与其中。D选项符合题意。A和B选项与文章意思相反。C选项是文章的断章取义，文章没有提到“a clear target”。并且“标准化”本身就是不对的。

4. According to the last paragraph, Brynjolfsson and McAfee discussed ______.

A.the predictability of machine behavior in practice
B.the formula for how work is conducted efficiently
C.the ways machines replace human labor in modern times
D.the necessity of human involvement in the workplace

A B C D

[解析] 细节题。文章倒数第二段提到“It's time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted”，我们应该重置我们的工作方式了，接着表明原因支持这一观点，文章最后一段最后一句说道：现在的问题并不在于科技，而是我们怎样创新我们的体系和工作准则。B选项符合题意。

5. Which of the following could be the most appropriate title for the text?

A.How to Innovate Our Work Practices
B.Machines will Replace Human Labor
C.Can We Win the Race Against Machines
D.Economic Downturns Stimulate Innovations

A B C D

[解析] 主旨题。纵观全文，文章开篇提到自从工业革命开始，机器就开始威胁人类的工作机会。接着以Hagel等人的观点支持这一论点。接着表明原因：人类的工作没有创新力，因此能轻易被取代。第五段开始表示人类应该重置工作方式：让人而不是机器在工作中变得越来越重要。另外文章最后一段点题：“We need to reframe race against the machine as race with the machine.”通过分析C选项符合题意。A选项以偏概全，文章提到需要创新工作，但是没有陈述“how”，B选项太过绝对化，本身语言太过绝对。D选项文章没有提及。

Text 4
When the government talks about infrastructure contributing to the economy the focus is usually on roads, railways, broadband and energy. Housing is seldom mentioned.
Why is that? To some extent the housing sector must shoulder the blame. We have not been good at communicating the real value that housing can contribute to economic growth. Then there is the scale of the typical housing project. It is hard to jostle for attention among multibillion-pound infrastructure projects, so it is inevitable that the attention is focused elsewhere. But perhaps the most significant reason is that the issue has always been so politically charged. This government does not want to see a return to large-scale provision of council housing, so it is naturally wary of measures that will lead us down that route.
Nevertheless, the affordable housing situation is desperate. Waiting lists increase all the time and we are simply not building enough new homes. The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity for the government to help rectify this. It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgent housing need.
There are some indications that it is preparing to do just that. The communities minister, Don Foster, has hinted that George Osborne may introduce more flexibility to the current cap on the amount that local authorities can borrow against their housing stock debt. The cap, introduced in 2012 as part of the Housing Revenue Account reform, has been a major issue for the sector. Evidence shows that 60,000 extra new homes could be built over the next five years if the cap were lifted, increasing GDP by 0.6%. Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rental environment, which would have a significant impact on the ability of registered providers to fund new developments from revenues.
But it is not just down to the government. While these measures would be welcome in the short term, we must face up to the fact that the existing ￡4.5bn programme of grants to fund new affordable housing, set to expire in 2015, is unlikely to be extended beyond then. The Labor party has recently announced that it will retain a large part of the coalition's spending plans if it returns to power. The housing sector needs to accept that we are very unlikely to ever return to the era of large-scale public grants. We need to adjust to this changing climate.

1. The author believes that the housing sector ______.

A.has attracted much attention
B.has lost its real value in economy
C.shoulders too much responsibility
D.involves certain political factors

A B C D

[解析] 细节题，观点题。题目要求给出作者关于房地产的态度，根据题干的关键词“the housing sector”，定位到文章第二段末，最后一句话“but”转折给出了作者关于房地产的意见“But perhaps the most significant reason is that the issue has always been so politically charged. ”。用“the most significant reason”表明最重要的原因是政治原因，对应的是D选项。A选项文章中没有提及，B项说的丧失价值，原文说的是不善于表明真正价值“not been good at communicating the real value”，C项的承担太多责任，原文说的shoulder the blame。

2. It can be learned that affordable housing has ______.

A.suffered government biases
B.increased its home supply
C.offered spending opportunities
D.disappointed the government

A B C D

[解析] 推断题。根据关键词“affordable housing”定位到文章第三段。第三段讲到因为没有足够的房源，我们不得不排队买房。B选项不对。C、D选项没有提及，第三段最后一句“It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgent housing need. ”，这句话的意思是：政府需要把历史的偏见放在一边并且采取一些策略解决我们迫切的住房需求，政府应该怎么样，说明政府过去对它是存在偏见的。“prejudices”是“biases”的同义词，所以A选项正确。

3. According to Paragraph 5, George Osborne may ______.

A.prepare to reduce housing stock debt
B.release a lifted GDP growth forecast
C.allow greater government debt for housing
D.stop local authorities from building homes

A B C D

[解析] 细节题。根据人名George Osborne，定位到倒数第二段第二句。“George Osborne may introduce more flexibility...their housing stock debt...Evidence shows that 60000 extra new homes...increasing GDP by 0.6%”。这句话的大意是“他将会让当地政府用来偿还建房借贷的限额变得更加宽松，并且在借贷限额放宽的情况下，在未来的五年中将会另有60000所房屋建立，并由此拉动国内生产总值的0.6%。”由此可以推断，政府对建房借贷的限额更加宽松，对应的是答案C。

4. It can be inferred that a stable rental environment would ______.

A.lower the costs of registered providers
B.relieve the minister of responsibilities
C.contribute to funding new developments
D.lessen the impact of government interference

A B C D

[解析] 推断题。这题考查的是对稳定租房环境的理解，定位于文章第四段最后一句“...greater certainty in the rental environment, which would have a significant impact on the ability of registered providers to fund new developments from revenues. ”“stable”对应的是单词“certainly”，前半句对应的是题干，后半句是题目答案，即“这种稳定的租房环境会对注册供应者提供资金支持产生很大的影响。”A选项是断章取义，并没有提到成本问题。B、D文章中并没有提及。“contribute to”(有助于)对英文中的have a significant impact(有重要影响)，C选项是正确答案。

5. The author believes that after 2015, the government may ______.

A.implement more policies to support housing
B.stop generous funding to the housing sector
C.renew the affordable housing grants programme
D.review the need for large-scale public grants

A B C D

[解析] 推断题。关键词“after 2015”定位到文章最后一段，“the existing ￡4.5bn programme of grants to fund new affordable housing, set to expire in 2015, is unlikely to be extended beyond then.”这段的意思是￡4.5bn支持项目将会在2015年到期，并且这之后不大有可能追加款项。B选项为正确答案。

Text 5
Emerging in the late Sixties and reaching a peak in the Seventies, Land Art was one of a range of new forms, including Body Art, Performance Art, Action Art and Installation Art, which pushed art beyond the traditional confines of the studio and gallery. Rather than portraying landscape, land artists used the physical substance of eland itself as their medium.
The British land artist, typified by Richard Long's piece, was not only more domestically scaled, but a lot quirkier than its American counterpart. Indeed, while you might assume that an exhibition of Land Art would consist only of records of works rather than the works themselves, Long's photograph of his work is the work. Since his "action" is in the past the photograph is its sole embodiment.
That might seem rather an obscure point, but it sets the tone for an exhibition that contains a lot of black-and-white photographs and relatively few natural objects. Long is Britain's best-known Land Artist and his Stone Circle, a perfect ring of purplish rocks from Portishead beach laid out on the gallery floor, represents the elegant, rarefied side of the form. The Boyle Family, on the other hand, stands for its dirty, urban aspect. Comprising artists Mark Boyle and Joan Hills and their children, they recreated random sections of the British landscape on gallery walls. Their Olaf Street Study, a square of brick-strewn waste ground, is one of the few works here to embrace the mundanity that characterizes most of our experience of the landscape most of the time.
Parks feature, particularly in the earlier works, such as John Hilliard's very funny Across the Park, in which a long-haired stroller is variously smiled at by a pretty girl and unwittingly assaulted in a sequence of images that turn out to be different parts of the same photograph.
Generally however British land artists preferred to get away from towns, gravitating towards landscapes that are traditionally considered beautiful such as the Lake District or the Wiltshire Downs. While it probably wasn't apparent at the time, much of this work is permeated by a spirit of romantic escapism that the likes of Wordsworth would have readily understood. Derek Jarman's yellow-tinted film Towards Avebury, a collection of long, mostly still shots of the Wiltshire landscape, evokes a tradition of English landscape pain ting stretching from Samuel Palmer to Paul Nash.
In the case of Hamish Fulton, you can't help feeling that the Scottish artist has simply found a way of making his love of walking pay. A typical work, such as Seven Days, consists of a single beautiful black-and-white photograph taken on an epic walk, with the mileage and number of days taken listed beneath. British Land Art as shown in this well selected, but relatively modestly scaled exhibition wasn't about imposing on the landscape, more a kind of landscape- orientated light conceptual art created passing through. It had its origins in the great outdoors, but the results were as gallery-bound as the paintings of Turner and Constable.
A. originates from a long walk that the artist took
B. illustrates a kind of landscape-orientated light conceptual art
C. reminds people of the English landscape painting tradition
D. represents the elegance of the British land art
E. depicts the ordinary side of the British land art
F. embodies a romantic escape into the Scottish outdoors
G. contains images from different parts of the same photograph

1. Stone Circle

[解析] 根据关键词“Stone Circle”，定位到文章第三段第三行。“Stone Circle...represents the elegant.”中间省略部分是对Stone Circle的描述和解释，插入语可以省略不看。它代表的是一种优雅。和D选项“elegance”对应。

2. Olaf Street Study

[解析] 根据关键词“Olaf Street Study”，定位到文章第三段第六行。“Olaf Street Study...is one of the few works here to embrace the mundanity...”。同样，插入语和后面that从句可省略不看，句子主干是Olaf Street Study is one of the few works here to embrace the mundanity. “mundanity”的意思是“尘俗，世俗”，和E选项“the ordinary side”相对应。

3. Across the Park

[解析] 根据关键词“Across the Park”，定位到文章第四段第一行。“Across the Park...that turn out to be different parts of the same photograph.”中间省略部分仍是对“Across the Park”的描述，表明是的同一幅画的不同部分。对应的是G选项“from different parts of the same photograph”。

4. Towards Avebury

[解析] 根据关键词“Towards Avebury”，定位到文章第五段第四行。“Towards Avebury...evokes a tradition of English landscape painting stretching from Samuel Palmer to Paul Nash.”“Towards Avebury”唤起了英国风景画的传统，对应的是C选项“the English landscape painting tradition”，“evoke”对应“remind”。

5. Seven Days

[解析] 根据关键词“Seven Days”，定位到文章最后一段第二行。“the Scottish artist has simply found a way of making his love of walking pay”，“Seven Days, consists of a single beautiful black-and-white photograph taken on an epic walk”。艺术家们喜欢行走，Seven Days呈现的就是这种行走的画面，所以A选项正确。

Section Ⅲ Translation
Directions:
In this section there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese, write your translation on ANSWER SHEET.

1. Most people would define optimism as being endlessly happy, with a glass that's perpetually half full. But that's exactly the kind of false cheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn't recommend. "Healthy optimism means being in touch with reality", says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor. According to Ben-Shahar, realistic optimists are those who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best.
Ben-Shalar uses three optimistic exercises. When he feels down-say, after giving a bad lecture. He grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction, He analyzes the weak lecture, learning lessons, for the future about what works and what doesn't. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the grand scheme of life, one lecture really doesn't matter.

大多数人可能把乐观定义为无休止的快乐，就像水杯中永远有半杯水。但那是一种绝不会为积极心理学家所推荐的虚假快乐。“健全的乐观意味着要与事实相结合。”哈佛大学的教授泰勒’本一沙哈尔这样说道。在他看来，现实的乐观主义者是指能够充分利用既定事实的人，而不是认为所有的事情都会有最好的结果的人。
泰勒·本一沙哈尔会进行三种乐观方面的练习。首先，当他感觉不好的时候——比如，在结束一场糟糕的演讲后，他坦然承认自己只是很普通的人。他提醒自己，并不是每次演讲都能获得诺贝尔奖，并不是所有演讲都有效。其次，就是自我重建，他分析效果不好的演讲，并且从那些起作用和不起作用的演讲中吸取教训为将来做准备。最后，需要有这样一种观点，那就是承认，在广阔的生命当中，一次演讲根本算不上什么。

Section Ⅳ Writing

1. Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with John, a local student, write him an email to
1) tell him about your living habits, and
2) ask for advice about living there.
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.

Dear John,
I am Li Ming, and l am so delighted not only to have the opportunity to study abroad but also to have the chance to be your roommate. So I am writing to talk about the information regarding the details.
First of all, I would like to tell you something about my living habits. I am accustomed to getting up late and going to sleep early. In addition, I usually invite friends to hold party at home. I deeply hope we could get on well with each other. At the same time, could you be so kind as to give me some relevant advices on what I should prepare and bring abroad?
Thank you for your kindness, and your prompt attention to this letter will be highly appreciated, looking forward to your reply.

Yours sincerely,
Li Ming

Section Ⅰ Cloze

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Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

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Section Ⅲ Translation

Section Ⅳ Writing

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