[解析] 对于网络业务而言,服务质量(Quality of Service,QoS)是网络在传输数据流时要求满足的一系列服务请求,可量化为带宽、延迟、抖动、丢失率、吞吐量、可用性、差错率、响应时间、连接建立时间、故障检测、改正时间等指标。集成服务(IntServ)是Internet实现QoS的一种方式,它主要依靠资源预留协议(RSVP)。而RSVP在从源端到目地端的每个路由器上预留了所需要的资源。
[解析] 常见DoS攻击方法有(但不限于):①SYN Flooding(洪泛)攻击;②ICMP洪泛攻击;③UDP洪泛攻击;④Ping of Death攻击;⑤IP欺骗DoS攻击;⑥IP分片攻击;⑦Teardrop(泪滴)攻击;⑧Land攻击;⑨Smurf攻击;⑩Fraggle攻击;(11)WinNuke攻击;(12)NVT攻击;(13)电子邮件轰炸。
The de facto standard application program interface (API) for TCP/IP applications is the "sockets" interface. Although this API was developed for ______ in the early 1980s. it has also been implemented on a wide variety of non-Unix systems. TCP/IP ______ written using the sockets API have in the past enjoyed a high degree of portability and we would like the same ______ with IPv6 applications. But changes are required to the sockets API to support IPv6 and this memo describes these changes. These include a new socket address structure to carry IPv6 ______. new address conversion functions, and some new socket options. These extensions are designed to provide Access to the basic IPv6 features required by TCP and UDP applications, including multicasting, while introducing a minimum of change into the system and providing complete ______ for existing IPv4 applications.