Part Ⅰ Writing Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic on a Harmonious Dormitory Life. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:
1. 1．宿舍生活有时会出现不和谐的情况 2．一个和谐宿舍生活的必要性 3．如何创造和谐的宿舍生活
[范文] On a Harmonious Dormitory Life Dormitory life is an indispensable part of college life. But sometimes the harmony in the dormitory will be disturbed in one way or another. For example, some members listen to music late into the night and make those light sleepers restless. Worse still, the smell of some students’socks is powerful enough to drive other members out of the room. As is known to all, a harmonious dormitory life is important to college students and benefits all the members. On the one hand, we can have a good rest and put our heart into study. On the other hand, we will have a goodmood and enjoy being together. In contrast, an unharmonious life will be depressing and counterproductive. There are several ways to create and maintain a harmonious dormitory life. Firstly, you have to evaluate your life style and try to get rid of your dirty habits, if there are any. Secondly, when an annoying situation arises, you'll just have to learn to tolerate each other and coexist. Thirdly, you'll have to share with each other and make good friends. In conclusion, we should try our best to build a harmonious dormitory life for the purpose of good study and good life.
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Labor Force The labor force is the part of a nation's population that works for pay or that is looking for a paying job. In 1800, the United States had about 2 million people in its labor force. Most of them worked on farms, most of whom were men. In 1993, about 130 million Americans were in the labor force. 96 million workers were found in large cities, 46 percent of whom were women. New Kinds of Jobs In the twentieth century, the U. S. labor force has undergone many changes. One of the most significant of these changes is in the decline in the number of blue collar jobs and the rise in the number of white-collar jobs. A blue-collar job involves manual or outdoor labor. Blue-collar workers include factory assemblers and welders; carpenters, plumbers(水暖工), mechanics, and painters; construction workers, and truck drivers. Although the number of blue-collar workers increased in the twentieth century, the future will see a declining need for such workers. Some of their jobs will be taken over by advanced automated and computerized machinery that can do certain blue-collar jobs more quickly and efficiently than people can. In contrast, a white-collar job involves work that is not chiefly manual. For example, white collar workers include accountants, engineers, teachers, lawyers, and sales personnel. In 1900, white collar workers made up about 20 percent of the labor force; today, 67 percent of all American wage earners hold white collar jobs. Advances in computer technology have created many new white-collar jobs, such as those in programming and information processing. These changes will continue to dramatically change the nature of existing jobs. The Rise of Women in the Labor Force Until 1940, the opportunities for women to hold jobs were limited. Prejudice and discrimination(歧视)against women forced many of them to find employment as teachers, nurses, and secretaries. In 1940, women held only 25 percent of the jobs. World War Ⅱ-1941 through 1945-brought about many changes in the labor force. Men were drafted to serve in the armed forces of the United States. At the same time, the country needed labor to keep factories running at full production to support the war effort. As a result, women were suddenly needed and hired even though they had been previously excluded from such jobs. Women not only repaired airplanes and land vehicles, but they also drove trucks, operated radios and ma chinery, and did clerical work. During the war years, the percentage of women in the labor force rose from 25 percent to 35 percent. Married women, many of whose husbands were in the armed forces, made up the greatest number of new women workers. In 1940, fewer than half of working women were single, but by 1945 a majority of women workers were married. By the end of the war, one out of every three workers in industry and business was a woman. The Postwar Years After the war, the men who returned from the armed forces went back to the same jobs they had held prior to the war. As a result, many women lost their wartime jobs. However, not all the women who had held jobs for the first time returned to their former roles as homemakers. Women had proved they could do these jobs well. As a result, the traditional barriers against the employment of women in such industries as steel and shipbuilding started to disappear. As the postwar prosperity continued, new positions became available for the returning men and for the many women workers now in the labor force. Many women found that they enjoyed not only employment outside their homes but also the benefits of paying jobs. Many women were beginning to see work as a permanent part of their lives. By earning their own income, they became less dependent and more self-sufficient. Their independence gave them new choices and made them aware of a wider range of roles available to them. The economic prosperity that followed the war also enabled many young couples to purchase houses. Many began raising families. Some women chose to stay at home to raise their children, while their husbands went to work. As a result, the percentage of women workers declined after the war, but it never went as low as it was in 1940. The 1960s to the 1990s The 1960s saw the beginning of many social changes in the United States, some of which were brought about by the women's liberation movement. Many women became keenly aware that they were often paid less than men for doing the same kind of work and that they were not promoted as easily or quickly as men. They also found that discrimination in jobs and in education still existed. As a result of women's protests, equal opportunity laws were passed that made discrimination against women in jobs and education illegal. This legislation opened up to women many business and professional positions that had previously been closed to them. The 1970s were troubled by ongoing inflation. For many couples, the high standard of living combined with the high cost of living, made it necessary for both the husband and wife to hold paying jobs. The two-income family became a way of life that continues today. Many divorced, separated, or widowed women also entered the labor force in the 1970s. The 1980s brought more changes. Many businesses were not able to survive the recession of that period. Many manufacturing industries, such as the auto, steel, textile, and clothing industries, suffered at the hands of increased competition from foreign countries. As a result, many plants and factories closed; the number of available jobs sharply declined. Because of the recession more mothers of young children entered the labor force. In general, families in the 1970s,’80s, and’90s have had fewer children than families of earlier generations. There has therefore been less need for women to stay at home for many years to care for young children, and more married women have been free to join the job market. Coupled with the trend toward two-income families, the labor force participation of married women with young children has risen dramatically since the 1970s. About 19 percent of mothers with children below age 6 were employed in 1970. In 1993, About 60 percent were employed. A Changing Labor Force Shifts from blue-collar to white-collar jobs and the increase in the number of working women continue to affect the labor force. These trends are altering the relationship between workers and their work, and people require new skills and training in all fields of employment. Nevertheless, today's (1990s) workers-whether blue-collar or white-collar, male or female-earn higher wages, work shorter hours, and receive more extra benefits than workers prior to the 1940s.
1. In 1993, women held 46 percent of the paying jobs in the United States.
2. The application of advanced automated and computerized machinery will result in loss of some blue-collar jobs.
Y
[解析] 第二段提到了蓝领工作和白领工作的变化，接着在第三段最后一句指出，Some of their jobs will be taken over by advanced automated and computerized machinery，这里的their jobs根据上下文可知是蓝领工作。题干与原文调换了一下主语和宾语的位置，并改变了语态。
3. During World War Ⅱ, some jobs which previously excluded women were open to them.
Y
[解析] 纵观全文，以时间年代为序，因此要注意题干中的时间表达，以便在原文中定位。此外，出题顺序一般与原文行文顺序一致。在The Rise of Women in the Labor Force小标题下第二段首句以World War II 开头，应该集中注意力在此处查找。根据As a result，women were suddenly needed and hired even though they had been previously excluded from such jobs．可以判断题干正确。只是题干的句式有了变化，将jobs变为主语，将women变为介词宾语。
4. After the war, returned male workers were responsible for the total loss of women's jobs.
N
[解析] 根据题干中的after the war将查找内容定位在The Postwar Years小标题处。根据其后的第一、二和三句可知，many women(not all)失去了战时的工作，题干中的total loss过于绝对。
5. Few women realized they suffered inequality in jobs and education in the 1960s.
N
[解析] 本题的解题思路与上题相仿，根据题干中的1960s进行时间定位，找到小标题The 1960s to the 1990s，其后第一段第二句指出Many women．．．aware，题干中的few women与此不符，而题；于中用inequality概括了paid less以及not promoted as quickly等现象。
6. As the children grew up, most of the mothers entered the labor force again in the 1970s.
NG
[解析] 根据1970s在原文中定位，文中提到Many divorced，separated，or widowed women also entered the labor force in the 1970s，但没有提及题干中孩子长大后，大多数母亲重返工作。因此，在原文中没有确切的内容。
7. The passage mainly illustrates trends in the US labor force during 1940s and 1990s.
Y
[解析] 本文主要以时间为序，主要探讨了20世纪40年代到90年代美国职业发展的趋势。
8. In the 1970s, the high standard and cost of living contributed m the emergence of _____________.
the two-income families
[解析] 根据题干中的1970s在原文中定位查找内容，1970s属于1960s to 1990s部分。在The 1970s were troubled by ongoing inflation．引导的段落中，查找到the high standard of living combined with the high cost of living，而原文中的the husband and wife to hold paying jobs即是下句的The two-income family的说明。根据题干语法语义的需要，of后面需要填名词(短语)，emergence表示“出现”，故填the two-income families，为复数形式。
9. In 1980s, many manufacturing industries were increasingly confronted with ____________________.
competition from foreign countries
[解析] 根据题干中的1980s在原文中定位查找内容，1980s属于1960s to 1990s部分。在The 1980s brought more dances．引导的段落中，第三句Many manufacturing industries．．．与题干话题相同，suffered．．．increased 与 increasingly confronted with为主动语态与被动语态转换。
10. Compared with the workers before 1940s, workers in the 1990s earn more, work shorter hours, and are given ________________________.
more extra benefits
[解析] 答案在原文最后一句，将20世纪90年代的工人待遇和40年代之前做比较。
Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension
Section A Directions:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B],[C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the correspond- ing letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
B.He regularly gives talks to high school students.
C.He doesn't want the woman to postpone the talk.
D.He hasn't finished preparing for his presentation.
A B C D
D
[解析] W: What's the problem, Paul? You really look panicked. M: I am speaking to a group of high school students about engineering this afternoon. But I have no idea how I am going to simplify some of the concepts for them. Q: What can be inferred about the man?
[解析] 事实状况题。解答此题的关键是从现象(have no idea how I am．．．)推导出结论 (hasn't finished preparing．．．)。
2.
A.To be an architect.
B.To go into the business.
C.To be more interesting.
D.To become an artist.
A B C D
A
[解析] W: I really wish our son would take more interest in our business. I don't know why he wants to be- come an architect. M: But. Sarah, he's only sixteen. I think he should do what he wants. Q: What does the man want his son to do?
[解析] 观点态度题。解答此题的关键是理解代词(what)所指示的内容(become an architect／To be an architect)。
3.
A.Photocopy the book at Sands store.
B.Go back to the school bookstore and look near the side.
C.Go to the bookstore near the school.
D.Go to the bookstore near the Sam's.
A B C D
D
[解析] M: I've been trying every bookstore in town for a copy of the chemistry textbook. The school's bookstore ran out for quite some time. W: Have you tried the one near the Sam's? I heard they still have a few copies left. Q: What does the woman suggest the man to do?
[解析] 行为活动题。解答此题的关键是把口语表达(tried the one near the Sam's)转换成书面表达(Go to the bookstore near the Sam's)。
4.
A.She rarely makes mistakes.
B.Her boss is hard to work with.
C.She always tells others what she thinks.
D.She regretted having replaced the secretary.
A B C D
C
[解析] W: I'm surprised that Sarah told her boss he was wrong to have fired his secretary. M: I know. But that Sarah... If she has an opinion, everyone's got to know it. Q: What does the man say about Sarah?
[解析] 观点态度题。解答此题的关键是把形象的描述(If she has an opinion，everyone's got to know it)转换成一般的陈述(Sarah usually says what she thinks)。
5.
A.He is always late on Friday.
B.He is most forgetful on Friday.
C.He is always behind on his work on Friday.
D.He prefers Friday mornings to; Monday mornings.
A B C D
B
[解析] W: I can't seem to leave my apartment on Monday morning without leaving something behind. M: You know I'm just like you. Except for me, it's al- ways on Friday. Q: What does the man mean?
[解析] 事实状况题。解答此题的关键是从对两人的对比(just like you，Except for me，it's always on Friday)中推导出其中一人的特点 (most forgetful on Friday)。
6.
A.Mary forgot about the seminar.
B.Mary has been ill for several weeks.
C.Mary wasn't able to attend the seminar.
D.Mary hadn't planned to attend the seminar.
A B C D
D
[解析] M: I kept looking for Mary at the seminar but never did see her. I can't imagine she forgot about it. She'd been talking about it for weeks. W: Oh she didn't. It's just that she caught a really bad cold a couple of days ago. Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?
[解析] 事实状况题。解答此题的关键是从过去的动作或状态(caught already bad cold)推导出结果(wasn't able to attend the seminar)。
7.
A.Dave will never listen.
B.She doesn't know Dave.
C.She thinks Dave is insane.
D.She thinks Dave will listen one day.
A B C D
A
[解析] M: Why don't you suggest to Dave that he at least improve his habits for showing up late to class? W: When do you think he'll listen to someone? Q: What does the woman imply?
[解析] 观点态度题。解答此题的关键是从反问语气(When do you think he'll listen to someone?)推导出否定含义(will never listen)。
8.
A.She may not be able to help the man.
B.She will talk to Judy about the problem.
C.She isn't sure if Judy can solve the problem.
D.The man should solve the problem by himself.
A B C D
A
[解析] M: Hi, thanks for your help. I guess I can handle the rest by myself. But just in case, are you going to be around later? W: I don't know, hut you can always ask Judy. She's really good with these kinds of problems. Q: What does the woman imply?
[解析] 事实状况题。解答此题的关键是从建议(you can always ask Judy)推导出可能的行动(She may not be able to help the man)。
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
[解析] 19-22 M: You should have seen the line at the housing office. It took me an hour to make my dormitory deposit for next year. Have you made yours yet? W: No, I'm not sure I'm going to. M: There's not much time left. The deadline's May 1. That is just two weeks from now. Are you short of cash. W: No, I'm Okay. M: You'd better hurry up if you want a dorm room next September. There aren't enough rooms for every one, and first-year students have priority. W: Well, I've been thinking about living off campus. M: Have you any idea how much that would cost? There is the rent, utilities, and you'd probably need a car. W: I know it would be more expensive. I think I can handle it though. The dorm is just so noisy that I can't get anything done. Maybe my grades would be better if I had some peace and quiet in a place of my own. M: You should study in the library the way I do. Think of the money you'd save. W: I've got to think it over some more. There's still two weeks left in April. 19．What are the speakers discussing?
B.Inform the director of student housing in a letter.
C.Fill out a form in the library.
D.Maintain a high grade average.
A B C D
A
[解析] What must a person do in order to live in a university house?
[解析] 推理题。对话中男士说You'd better hurry up if you want a room next September，而从前面的对话内容(make my dormitory deposit for next year)可知男士说的hurry up指的是赶紧去交dormitory deposit，由此可知如果要住学校的房子，就要付一些钱给 housing office，因此答案选[A]。
3.
A.Both live on campus:
B.Both live off campus.
C.The man lives on campus; the woman lives off campus.
D.The woman lives on campus; the man lives on campus.
[解析] 23-25 M: Excuse me. Are you going to buy concert tickets? W: Yes, I am. So are all these people in front of me. M: Have you been here long? W: About 45 minutes. I've moved forward a total of about 3 feet in that time. M: You are kidding. W: Not at all. There was a couple up ahead of me who got so disgusted they finally gave up and left. They said they'd been waiting for more than an hour. M: Terrific. Does anyone know what's causing the delay? W: If so, no one has let us know. It could be that there aren't enough people selling tickets this afternoon. Or maybe their computer is down. I'm sure the concert hasn't been cancelled. M: I just hope they don't run out of tickets before I get up there. W: That really would be annoying, wouldn't it? M: I guess I should have come before lunch. Or has it been like this all day? W: Apparently it has. In fact, before I came I tried calling to charge my tickets over the phone, just to avoid this long wait. But they are not taking phone orders, or checks, or credit cards. It's cash or nothing, and you have to come in person. M: Well, there are two more hours before the tickets of rice closes. Tickets for a good concert are worth waiting for. So I think I'll just make myself comfortable. 23．What is the woman's attitude toward what's happening?
[解析] 态度题。此题考查女士对what's happening的态度。从buy concert tickets和all these people in front of me可以判断what's happening就是排队买票的situation。女士说自己等了45 minutes，之后又补充说a couple．．．．finally gave up and left，这些都说明她为了买到tickets而情愿等候。选项[D]．．．resigned to the situation“顺从这种情形”符合题干要求。
2.
A.By writing a personal check.
B.By changing them to their personal account.
C.By paying in cash.
D.By using a store credit card.
A B C D
C
[解析] How are people expected to purchase their tickets?
[解析] 细节题。预览选项可知此题考查的是付款方式。女士最后说，they are not taking phone orders，or checks，or credit cards．It's cash or nothing，．．．。这就说明除了cash“现金”，其他方式都不行，因此选[C]。选项[B]中的charge．．． to one's account意为“把．．．记在某人帐上，赊购”。
3. A. Stay where he is. B. Go home to telephone the order. C. Try to get the tickets elsewhere.D. Return after lunch.
A B C D
A
[解析] What will the man probably do next?
[解析] 推理题。男士在对话结束时说“Tickets for a good concert are worth waiting for”。既然他认为买票看一场好的音乐会是值得等待的，那么他肯定会等下去，即选项[A]。
Section B Directions:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B],[C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
B.Some Americans blame China for the trade imbalance.
C.Some Americans blame Japanese for the trade imbalance and loss of jobs.
D.Americans think that they lost their jobs because Asian-Americans have taken the job places.
A B C D
C
[解析] 26-28 More and more people are immigrating into the United States. The growing numbers of new immigrants have caused some tensions. Asian-Americans are concerned about a number of anti Asian incidents in the last five years. Some of the incidents involved racial insults. Some involved violence. The United States Civil Rights Commission reported last autumn that anti-Asian violence is a national problem. Social experts say some Americans are looking for someone to blame for the country's economic problems. These people believe Japan is responsible for the trade imbalance and loss of industrial jobs. So they blame anyone who, to them, looks like Japanese... or simply Asian. This feeling is strongest, experts say, among poorer Americans who are struggling for survival. Partly because of this problem, Asian-Americans are becoming more politically active. They are speaking out against anti-Asian violence and against policies based on anti-Asian feelings. Traditionally, Asians have taken little part in politics in the United States. They put their energy into hard work and taking care of their families. Now, a movement for more political power has begun. Asian-American politicians say the reason is mainly the desire for political representation. They say all Asian Americans do not share the same political goals, but share a desire to end all forms of racism. These political leaders would like to see more Asian-Americans in political life. California politician Jule Tang believes that Asian-Americans will become a united political force with their own elected officials. Ms. Tang says, "Asians want to be really part of the American system." 26．According to social experts，what is the reason for anti-Asian incidents?
[解析] 细节题。四个选项都与一些美国人看待其他民族有关，而look down upon和blame等都暗示文章讲的是出现的问题。短文的第一句提到了immigrating，下面可能就是移民带来的问题，接下来的tension验证了这种猜测。既然有了问题，一般就会有问题的表现形式；原因和解决方法。录音中提到social experts认为一些美国人认为Japan应该对美国的trade imbalance和loss of industrial jobs负责。后面的so一词正是体现了因果关系。
2.
A.They try very hard to save money.
B.They take part in the movement for more power.
C.They put more of their energy into their business.
D.They pay more attention to taking care of their families.
A B C D
B
[解析] According to the passage，what do Asian-Americans currently do?
[解析] 细节题。面对种族歧视，亚裔美国人展开运动，要求获得more political power。其他选项或是亚裔美国人的传统做法，或是未提及。
3.
A.They want to be more powerful than other American minorities.
B.They want to gain more economic benefits.
C.They want to be united into a new political force.
D.They want to be absorbed into American culture.
A B C D
D
[解析] Why are more Asian-Americans taking an interest in polities?
[解析] 细节题。亚裔美国人的政治热情源于end all forms of racism并成为part of the American system的渴望。选项[D]与末句同义。
Passage Two Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
[解析] 29-31 If you are a college student, there are several things you should know about renting an apartment. First, you must know how to look for a place to live. Friends, teachers, and other people you meet may know of apartments that are available. You may also find a place to live by looking in the campus or city newspapers. In some towns, there are rental agencies that can help you find an apartment, but think carefully about using agencies. Usually they will charge you a fee. You should also walk around and look for buildings with For Rent signs. When you go to look at apartments to rent, there are several things you ought to do. First, you should find out if the apartment is safe. Be sure there are good locks on all the windows and doors. It is also a good idea to check all the appliances as well as the water and electricity to be sure everything is working. It might also be a good idea to talk to other people who rent apartments in the same building. This will help you to find out if there are any problems. If you decide to rent an apartment, the landlord will probably want you to sign a lease. This is a legal contract, and you ought to read it carefully. You will also need to pay a security deposit. If there is no damage, the landlord has to return this money to you when you leave. 29. How many ways of finding apartments are mentioned in this talk?
[解析] 推理题。四个选项都是数字，因此在听录音的过程中要注意捕捉与数字有关的信息。解答此题的关键是对罗列的细节(Friends， teachers，and other people．．．)进行辨认推断 (Three)。
2.
A.Walk around the apartment for dangerous signs.
B.Check the water and electricity to see if they are working.
C.Make sure there are good locks on all the windows and doors.
D.Talk to other people who rent apartments in the same building.
A B C D
C
[解析] What does the speaker advise you to do to make sure the apartment is safe?
[解析] 细节题。四个选项都是动词短语，因此可以判断此题询问的与做事情有关。解答此题的关键是从上下文的衔接(．．．is safe．Be sure there are good locks on all the windows and doors)中推导出它们之间的关系。
3.
A.Deposit some money in a bank.
B.Read the lease carefully and sign it.
C.Ask the landlord for a damage deposit.
D.Sign the contract and pay a security deposit.
A B C D
D
[解析] What should you do if you decide to rent an apartment?
[解析] 细节题。四个选项都是动词短语，因此可以判断此题询问的与做事情有关。解答此题的关键是理解同义表达间的转述(sign a lease≈Sign the contract)和注意原文的信息再现(pay a security deposit)。
Passage Three Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
A.The advantages of traditional surveying methods.
B.Using satellites to communicate with mountain climbers.
C.Obtaining new information about a mountain.
D.Controlling satellites from the top of a mountain.
A B C D
C
[解析] 32-35 Not, long ago, some of you may have read about the team of mountain climbing scientists who helped to recalculate the elevation of the highest mountain in the world, Mount Everest. Of course the elevation of Mount Everest was determined many years ago using traditional surveying methods. But these scientists wanted to make a more pre else measurement, using a new method that takes advantage of recent advances in technology; it's called the Global Positioning System. The Global Positioning System uses 24 satellites that circle the earth. Each of the satellites is constantly sending out signals, and each signal contains important information that can be used to determine the longitude, latitude and elevation at any point on the earth’s surface. Well in order to use the system to calculate a mount of Everest's elevation, scientists need to put a special receiver on the summit to receive signals from the satellites. The problem with this was that in the past, the receivers were much too heavy for climbers to carry. But now these receivers have been reduced to about the size and weight of a hand held telephone, so climbers were able to take the receiver to the top of the Everest, and from there, to access the satellite system signals that would allow them to determine the precise elevation. And it turns out that the famous peak is actually a few feet higher than us previously thought. 32．What is the talk mainly about?
[解析] 主旨题。解答此题的关键是把具体复杂的表达(recalculate the elevation of the highest mountain)转换成简单概括的表达(Obtaining new information about a mountain)。
2.
A.To indicate how climbers communicated.
B.To show that climbers enjoyed many comforts.
C.To show that modern telephones work at high altitudes.
D.To emphasize how small some equipment had become.
A B C D
D
[解析] Why does the speaker mention a hand-held telephone?
[解析] 推理题。解答此题的关键是通过和过去的落后进行对比(in the past．．．much too heavy．But now．．．have been reduced to．．．)推导出对现在进步的肯定(emphasize how small)。
3.
A.Detailed maps from previous studies.
B.Recent advances in technology.
C.Plenty of funding for the study.
D.Experience carrying heavy loads up mountains.
A B C D
B
[解析] According to the talk，what probably contributed most to the success of the new study of Mount Everest?
[解析] 细节题。解答此题的关键是原文 (takes advantage of recent advances in technology)在选项中的再现(Recent advances in technology)。
4.
A.To carry information that would help determine elevation.
B.To provide accurate weather reports.
C.To relay information from scientists around the world.
D.To indicate which route the mountain climbers should take.
A B C D
A
[解析] In the study described，how were satellite signals used?
[解析] 细节题。解答此题的关键是把原文(contains important information that can be used to determine the longitude，latitude and elevation)进行概括(carry information that would help determine elevation)。
Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. After retiring from 30 years of teaching, Ethbell Pepper could easily have decided to sit back and 1 and enjoy a peaceful 2 . But that kind of life is not for Ethbell pepper. "I just wanted to do something 3 . If you are going to 4 in life, do it. Don't just sit down and look out the window," said she. At 68, she decided to become one of the 5 participants in a program at the University of California; The program offers 6 housing and classes to people over sixty. She 7 up for a class called Human Relationships and 8 Society. "I taught my minority students in my English and drama classes in a high school for 20 years. But in this course, I found out a lot about other cultures I didn't know then. 9 ." Older adults can add to the educational resources of the university by bringing with them a lot of valuable experience. 10 . Young students may have fears of growing older. But 11 . The younger students can begin to see aging as a natural part of living.
意为“退休”。sit back and relax and enjoy本来是Ethbell Pepper可以在retiring之后很容易就决定去做的事情。此处，retirement是retiring的复现，只不过词性发生变化，enjoy a peaceful retirement有“安享晚年”之意。
3.
different
意为“有差异的，不同的”。此空前的But that kind of life is not for Ethbell Pepper．表示“但这种生活不适合Ethbell Pepper”，可见，Ethbell Pepper是想过跟以前不一样的生活，因此填different。
4.
participate
意为“参与”。这句话的主句是do it而If引导的是条件状语从句。从句中要求填入谓语动词，而且可以和介词in搭配。下句话中的just sit down and look out the window和上文sit back and relax and enjoy a peaceful retirement相照应，但是和do it、_______ in life相对立。
这句话的宾语是a class，所填词和up for共同构成谓语。sign up for sth．/sign up to do sth．意为“报名参加．．．”，其同义词组是enroll in sth．。
8.
Diverse
意为“不同的”。首先注意，所填词是专有名词词组中的一个词，它修饰Society，是个实词，因此首字母要大写。下一句话是Ethbell Pepper的陈述，她说this course的内容涉及“a lot about other cultures”，cultures和 Society照应，那么所填词应该含有“多样”的意思。
9.
One of the most important lessons that I'm learning is to perceive, not to judge
[解析] One of the most important lessons is to perceive, not to judge
10.
Their presence on campus helps break some of long beliefs about aging
[解析] Their presence on campus helps break the beliefs about aging
11.
that kind of fear can be reduced when older people can be active, healthy, and continue to contribute to society
[解析] that kind of fear can be reduced when older people can be healthy and contribute to society
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. The vast majority of children in Britain (87%) attend state (local authority) schools which provide 1 education from the age of 5 to 16 years. These schools can be 2 according to the age 3 of the pupils and the type of education provided. 4 , there are two types of school, primary and secondary, although in some areas there are also middle schools. Primary schools 5 for children aged 5-11, and secondary schools for ages 11-16 (and in some areas up to 18 years). Primary schools earl be sub-divided into infant schools (for ages 5-7) and junior schools (for ages 7-11). Secondary schools are normally of one 6 for all abilities, that is to say, comprehensive schools. More than 90% of children in state schools attend this kind of school. In some areas middle schools exist as an 7 level after primary school for children aged 8 or 9 to 12 or 13. Pupils then move to comprehensive schools. In a very small number of areas, pupils may be grouped according to their ability and 8 by means of an examination at the age of 11. In these areas, grammar schools are ones for those who pass the exam. Those who fail go to another secondary school. When pupils reach the age of 16 there may be three choices 9 to them. Firstly, they may leave school. Secondly, they may stay on at school for two more years if it has a Sixth Form. Thirdly, they may 10 to a Sixth Form College, a Tertiary College or a Further Education College. A. extra F. type [K] optional B. open G. transfer [L] form C. compulsory [H] cater [M] scope D. selected [I] basically [N] defined E. range [J] classified [O] finally
1.
C
[解析] 从语法角度看，所填词修饰education，因此应为形容词。从搭配来看，compulsory education为习惯用语，指“义务教育”。根据education后的修饰语from the age of 5 to 16 years，结合常识我们也可此处所指的应该是义务教育。
2.
J
[解析] 所填词应该为动词的过去分词。根据下句说there are two types of school可判断此处应该是讲学校的分类，因此选classified，空后的according to．．．引出了分类的标准。
[解析] 第三段的首句为这段的主题句。下文用Firstly，Secondly和Thirdly引出了学生从中学毕业后的选择。根据句法的分析，choices后面的内容后置定语修饰choices，因此应该填入一个分词或形容词。此外，根据这段的结构可知下文的内容是对首句的扩充，因此此处表示的含义应该学生“拥有”三种选择，因此选open。 open to为惯用表达，此处指“possible for”。
10.
G
[解析] 根据上题的分析我们已经知道了第三段的结构和内容。学生的三种选择中，第一种是离开学校，第二种是继续留在学校，那么根据逻辑推理可知第三种转学到其他学校去，而to后面内容是一些别的学校，证实了我们推理的合理性，表达“转学”含义的是transfer，这一点我们从transfer的构词方法进行推断，trans-这一词根常表示“转移，变化”。从搭配上看，选项中可以和to直接搭配的动词(根据may可判断此处应为动词原形形式)只有cater和transfer，cater已选，可以排除，cater to指“投合，迎合(尤指不良的愿望、希望等)”。transfer (from，to)指to move from one place，job，position，ect．to another。
Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One Bringing up children is hard work, and you are often to blame for any had behavior of your children. If so, Judith Rich Hams has good news for you. Parents, she argues, have no important long term effects on the development of the. personality of their children. Far more important are their playground friends and neighborhood companions. Ms Harris takes to bits the assumption which has dominated developmental psychology for almost half a century. Ms Harris's attack on the developmentalists’"nurture" argument looks likely to reinforce doubts that the profession was already having. If parents matter, why is it that two adopted children, reared in the same home, are no more similar in personality than two adopted children reared in separate homes? Or that a pair of identical twins, reared in the same home, are no more alike than a pair of identical twins reared in different homes? Difficult as it is to track the precise effects of parental upbringing, it may be harder to measure the exact influence of the peer group in childhood and adolescence. Ms Harris points to how children from immigrant homes soon learn not to speak at school in the way their parents speak. But acquiring a language is surely a skill, rather than a characteristic of the sort developmental psychologists hunt for. Certainly it is different from growing up tensely or relaxedly, or from learning to be honest or hard-working or generous. Easy though it may be to prove that parents have little impact on those qualities, it will be hard to prove that peers have vastly more. Moreover, mum and dad surely cannot be ditched completely. Young adults may, as Ms Harris argues, he keen to appear like their contemporaries. But even in those early years, parents have the power to open doors: they may initially choose the peers with whom their young associate, and pick that influential neighborhood. Moreover, most people suspect that they come to resemble their parents more in middle age, and people% child-rearing habits may be formed partly by what their parents did. So the balance of influences is probably complicated, as most parents already suspected without being able to demonstrate it scientifically. Even if it turns out that the genes they pass on and the friends their children play with matter as much as affection, discipline and good example, parents are not completely off the hook.
1. According to the passage, developmentalists would agree with which of the following views?
A.Children tend to assume their parents’personality.
B.Children reared in the same home are similar in personality.
C.Children are more influenced by their peers than by their parents.
D.Identical twins under the same parents develop separate personalities.
A B C D
B
[解析] 推理判断题。此题考查的是developmentalists的观点。这个词出现在第二段第一句，这句话中的attack on表明了Ms Harris是反对developmentalists的观点的。那么Ms Harris的观点是什么呢? 根据第一段可知，Ms Harris支持的观点是Parents……have no important long-term effects on the development of the personality of their children。由此可以推断，developmentalists是反对这一观点的。弄清了各自的立场之后，再来看第二段第二句。首先要理解no more．．．than．．．的意思是“与……同样不……”。这句话是说，two adopted children reared in separate homes的个性不同是正常的，如果父母果真有影响的话，那么为什么two adopted children reared in the same home也不同呢?也就是说，如果developmentalists的观点正确的话，two children reared in the same home的个性应该相同。因此，选项[B]最为合适。
2. Ms Harris's conclusion would be more convincing if ________.
A.she had based study exclusively on twins
B.she had attacked tile developmentalists more harshly
C.she had truly understood the developmentalists’views
D.she has provided evidence pointing to developmental characteristics
A B C D
D
[解析] 推理判断题。题干使用的是虚拟语气，暗示了Ms Harris's conclusion还没有彻底让人信服的 (convincing)。第三段第二句是说Ms Harris指出的一个论据，第三句用But把话锋一转，之后的内容很有可能就是其结论还没有彻底让人信服的地方。这段的最后一句说，尽管prove that parents have little impact on those qualities也许非常容易，但是it will be hard to prove that peers have vastly more。言外之意是，Ms Harris还没能证明peers have vastly more impact on those qualities。因此，如果她能提供证据，她得出的结论就会more convincing。选项[D]最符合题干要求。
3. The author believes that ________.
A.peers have little impact on children's development
B.Ms Harris's work strengthens the developmentalists’views
C.evidence Should be provided to prove peer influence on child development
D.Ms Harris's work had little effect on the developmentalists’"nurture" argument
A B C D
C
[解析] 事实细节题。第三段和第四段基本上是作者在阐述观点。那么可以用排除法来解此题。选项 [A]说，孩子的同龄人对他们的成长几乎没有影响，而作者在第三段第一句只是提到来自同龄人的影响may be harder to measure，因此排除[A]。第二段第一句是说Ms Harris's work似乎加深了已经存在的疑惑，而不是the developmentalists’ views，因此排除[D]。第三段指出，提供证据来证明同龄人对孩子成长有影响是非常困难的，但如果可以提供出来，Ms Harris的结论就更令人信服了，因此选项[C]符合作者的观点。第二段第一句说明Ms Harris's work对the developmentalists'“nurture” argument还是有影响的，虽然这种影响是负面的，因此排除 [D]。
4. The word "ditched" in Para. 5 could best be replaced by "________".
A.proved
B.ignored
C.understood
D.compared
A B C D
B
[解析] 语义理解题。ditched出现在第四段第一句，这句话以Moreover起始，表明它是上一段内容的递进。既然第三段是说Ms Harris的结论的不足之处是缺少证据，那么这一段应该是说其结论的其他缺陷。第四段第二句：也许正如Ms Harris所说，年轻人看起来很像他们同辈的人。第三句的But进行转折说，在孩子还小的时候，家长会给孩子选择交往的伙伴；下文进一步说，人到中年就会更像他们的父母，就连他们抚养孩子的习惯也受到家长的影响。这些都是Ms Harris的结论中的不足之处。从以上分析可以看出，mum and dad对孩子的成长不但有影响，这种影响还是长期的。因此，选项[B]ignored最符合文章语境，即父母的作用不能被完全忽视。
5. The author's main purpose in writing .this passage is ___________.
Passage Two Mobility of individual members and family groups tends to split up family relationships. Occasionally the movement of a family away from a situation which has been the source of Conflict results in greater family organization, but on the whole mobility is disorganizing. Individuals and families are involved in three types of mobility: movement in space, movement up or down in social status, and the movement of ideas. These are termed respectively spatial(空间的), vertical, and ideational(概念的)mobility. A great increase in spatial mobility has gone along with improvements in rail and water’transportation, the invention and use of the automobile, and the availability of airplane passenger service. Spatial mobility results in a decline in the importance of the traditional home with its emphasis on family continuity and stability. Even more important is the fact that spatial mobility permits some members of a family to come in contact with and possibly adopt attitudes, values, and ways of thinking different from those held by other family members. The presence of different attitudes, values, and ways of thinking within a family way, and often does, result in conflict and family disorganization. Potential disorganization is present in those families in which the husband, wife, and children are spatially separated over a long period, or are living together but see each other only briefly because of different work schedules. One index of the increase in vertical mobility is the great increase in the proportion of sons, and to some extent daughters, who engages in occupations other than those of the parents. Another index of vertical mobility is the degree of intermarriage between social classes. This occurs al- most exclusively between classes which are adjacent(邻近的)to each other. Engaging in a different occupation, or intermarriage, like spatial mobility, allows one to come in contact with ways of behavior different from those of the parental home, and tends to separate parents and their children. The increase in ideational mobility is measured by the increase in publications, such as news papers, magazines, and books, the increase in the percentage of the population owning radios, and the increase in television sets. All these tend to introduce new ideas into the home. When individual family members are exposed to and adopt the new ideas, the tendency is for conflict to arise and for those in conflict to become psychologically separated from each other.
1. What the passage tells us can be summarized by the statement that _________.
A.potential disorganization is present in the American family
B.family disorganization is more or less the result of mobility
C.the movement of a family is one of the factors in raising its social status
D.social development results in a decline in the importance of traditional families
A B C D
B
[解析] 主旨大意题。从题干的主语What the passage tells us可以判断，此题考查的是对文章大意的把握。浏览文章可以看出，mobility和family是贯穿全文的关键词。再看每段的首句，就能判断出文章首句既是第一段的主题句，又是全文的中心，句中的split up family relationships是Mobility导致的后果；而且与段尾的disorganizing相互照应。因此，选项[B]最能概括文章大意。选项[A]只是第三段最后一句提到的一个现象，选项 [C]的内容与文章不符，文章没有提及选项[D]的内容。
2. According to the passage, those who live in a traditional family ___________.
A.can get more help from their family members if they are in trouble
B.will have more freedom of action and thought if they move away from it
C.are less likely to quarrel with others because of conventionality and stability
D.have to depend on their relatives and friends if they do not move away from it
A B C D
C
[解析] 事实细节题。题干中的traditional family是第三段第二句中traditional home的同义转述。该句提到传统家庭十分注重family continuity and stability。接着在第三句和第四句中说，spatial mobility让部分家庭成员接触并采纳了其他家庭不同的attitudes，values，and ways of thinking，这些会result in conflict and family disorganization。既然传统的家庭没有spatial mobility，那么就不会有conflict and family disorganization。因此，选项[C]符合文章语义。
3. Potential disorganization exists in those families in which _______.
A.both parents have to work full time
B.the husband, wife, and children work too hard
C.the family members are subject to social pressures
D.the husband, wife, and children seldom get together
A B C D
D
[解析] 事实细节题。题干中的Potential disorganization出现在第三段最后一句，而且题干中的exists in是该句中is present in的同义转述，由此可以看出此题考查的是对文章中those families in which后面的内容的改写。文章中的spatially separated over a long period和living together but see each other only briefly都说明了家庭成员seldom get together。因此，选项[D]符合文章语义。
4. Intermarriage and different occupations play an important role in family disorganization because ______.
A.they enable the children to travel around without their parents
B.they allow one to find a good job and improve one's social status
C.they permit one to come into contact with different ways of behavior and thinking
D.they enable the children to better understand the ways of behavior of their parents
A B C D
C
[解析] 事实细节题。题干中的Intermarriage and different occupations出现在第四段最后一句。这句话中的allows．．．和and tends to．．．是两个并列的谓语，而且暗含着因果关系--正因为从事不同的职业和联姻allows one to come in contact with ways of behavior different．．．，才导致了父母和孩子的分开。选项[C]是对“allows．．．”这个分句的同义转述，符合题干要求。
5. This passage suggests that a well-organized family is a family whose members ______.
A.often help each other with true love and affection
B.are not psychologically withdrawn from one another
C.never quarrel with each other even when they disagree
D.exposed to the same new ideas introduced by books, radios, and TV sets
A B C D
B
[解析] 推理判断题。题干中提到a well-organized family，而文章中却没有出现。但是，文章中提到了三种mobility使家庭变得disorganizing。第三段说，spatial mobility导致了conflict 以及 spatially separated over a long period；第四段说vertical mobility导致了separate parents and their children第五段说，ideational mobility导致了psychologically separated from each other。那么进行逆向推理可以判断，a well-organized family应该没有以上的问题。只有选项[B]符合题干要求。强干扰项[C]中，因为有了even when they disagree的限制，那么使用 never就过于绝对。
Part Ⅴ Error Correction Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. I you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (—)in the blank. Changes in the way people live bring about changes in the jobs that they do. More and more people live in towns and cities instead on farms 67. ______. and in villages. Cities and states have to provide services city people want, such like more police protection, more hospitals, more technicians, and 68. ______. more teachers must be hired. Advances in technology has also changed peo- 69. ______. ple's lives. Dishwashers and washing machines do jobs that are once done 70. ______. by hand. The widespread use of such electrical appliances means that there is a need for servicemen to keep it running properly. 71. ______. People are earning lower wages and salaries. This leads to changes in 72. ______. the means of life. As income goes up people may not want more food to 73. ______. eat or more clothes to wear. Therefore they may want more and better care 74. ______. from doctors, dentists and hospitals. They are likely to travel more and to want more education. So, many more jobs are available in these services. The government also affects the kind of works people do. The govern- 75. ______. ments of most countries spend huge sums of money for international de 76. ______. fense. They hire thousands of engineers, scientists, clerks, typists and secretaries to work on the many different aspects of defense.
Part Ⅵ Short Answer Questions Directions: In this part there is a short passage with 8 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Your answer may be a word, a phrase, or a short sentence. Write your answers in the spaces provided on the right of the page. Teaching is a highly-complex occupation. It has been described in terms of very different types of roles. For example, teachers manage time, material, knowledge, and students. They are expert communicators with their students as well as parents and other adults within the school. They are decision makers, making numerous decisions in one class period. In their basic role as instructors, teachers have a number of methods for involving their students in the content of the curriculum. The most popular, by far, is the lecture technique. Excluding lab periods, approximately 90% of college teaching is lecture technique. The figure is somewhat lower at the secondary level, and lower still in primary school classrooms. Secondary school teachers also rely extensively on seatwork, during which students work at their desks on a task, and teachers circulate to answer questions or sit at their own desks and correct the seatwork. Many teachers in secondary classes use discussions to stimulate their students’interest, and to evaluate their grasp of the material. Discussions go beyond the usual question-and answer sequences that accompany lectures, because they are meant to help students extend their knowledge through higher-level thinking. Grouping of students within the classroom occurs primarily at the elementary level. This organizational arrangement places students together in two or more groups in the classroom to improve the learning conditions for those students. Grouping in reading places students of the same achievement level together to enable the teacher to more easily work with them. Grouping, how- ever, is becoming more popular in other subjects, and for other purposes. Cooperative(协作的) learning groups, for example, place students of different abilities in the same group, and the students within that group help each other on assignments. These programs have been shown to be effective in raising students’achievement as well as improving .their social skills and attitudes toward one another.
1. Teaching is a highly-complex occupation because __________.
teachers take on various kinds of roles
[解析] 细节题。依据是首段第二句It has been described in terms of very different types of roles。
2. Secondary school students often use 2 _______________ method while college students use 3 _______________ method.
(1)seatwork and discussion (2)lecture
[解析] 细节题。第二段说老师有许多方法让学生参与课堂，90%的大学教学采用lecture technique。secondary school teachers借助seatwork，discussions。
3. When the students doing seatwork, teachers usually 3 ___________________ or 4 _______________.
(1)answer questions (2) come to their own desks and correct students’ seatwork
[解析] 细节题。题干是对第二段第五句前半部分的改写，答案依据是circulate to answer questions及and teachers circulate to answer questions or sit at their own desks and correct the seatwork。
4. In secondary classes, discussions are different from the question-and-answer sequences because __________.
they require higher level thinking
[解析] 细节题。依据是because they are meant to help students extend their knowledge through higher level thinking。
5. Elementary education often relies on grouping .students to _______________.
make their learning conditions better
[解析] 细节题。依据是 This organizational arrangement places students together in two or more groups in the classroom to improve the learning conditions for those students。
6. According to the passage, why are students of the same achievement level grouped together?
Because the teacher can work easily with them.
[解析] 细节题。 依据是 to enable the teacher to more easily work with them,
7. Students of different abilities are placed together in a cooperative learning groups in that ___________________.
they can help each other work effectively
[解析] 细节题。依据是 and the students within that group help each other on assignments。
8. In what way are cooperative learning groups effective?
In improving students’ achievement and ability to communicate with others.
[解析] 细节题。依据是 to be effective in raising students achievement as well as improving their social skills and attitudes toward one another,
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