Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. Anonymity is not something which was invented with the Internet. Anonymity and pseudonymity has occurred throughout history. For example, William Shakespeare is probably a pseudonym, and the real name of this 1 author is not known and will probably never be known. Anonymity has been used for many purposes. A well-known person may use a pseudonym to write messages, where the person does not want people's 2 of the real author 3 their perception of the message. Also other people may want to 4 certain information about themselves in order to achieve a more 5 evaluation of their messages. A case in point is that in history it has been 6 that women used male pseudonyms, and for Jews to use pseudonyms in societies where their 7 was persecuted. Anonymity is often used to protect the 8 of people, for example when reporting results of a scientific study, when describing individual cases. Many countries even have laws which protect anonymity in certain circumstances. For instance, a person may, in many countries, consult a priest, doctor or lawyer and 9 personal information which is protected. In some 10 , for example confession in catholic churches, the confession booth is specially 11 to allow people to consult a priest, 12 seeing him face to face. The anonymity in 13 situations is however not always 100%. Ifa person tells a lawyer that he plans a 14 crime, some countries allow or even 15 that the lawyer tell the 16 . The decision to do so is not easy, since people who tell a priest or a psychologist that they plan a crime, may often do this to 17 their feeling more than their real intention. Many countries have laws protecting the anonymity of tip-offs to newspapers. It is regarded as 18 that people can give tips to newspapers about abuse, even though they are dependent 19 the organization they are criticizing and do not dare reveal their real name. Advertisement in personal sections in newspapers are also always signed by a pseudonym for 20 reasons.
Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
Text 1 A truly informed diner would choose a restaurant based on the quality of the menu and the chef's experience. The discerning investor would decide which company to back after studying the business plan and meeting the founders. In reality, people often copy the choices of others. Diners pick the crowded restaurant over the empty one. Investors go with the company that already has multiple backers. Such bandwagon effects are not necessarily irrational. Often, the buyer knows less about a product than the seller; the collective wisdom of the crowd can correct for such "asymmetric information". Scholars are now asking whether herd behavior also prevails in labor markets. To find out, Kory Kroft of the University of Toronto devised an experiment in which they applied for 3,000 clerical, administrative, sales and customer-service jobs advertised online by submitting 12,000 fictitious CVs. The submissions were designed so that applicants with similar backgrounds, education and experience went for the same job. The only difference was how long the applicant had been jobless, a period that ranged from no time at all to as much as 36 months. They found that the odds of an applicant being called back by an employer declined steadily as the duration of unemployment rose, from 7.4% after one month without work down to 4-5% at the eight-month mark, where the call-back rate stabilized. These results, the authors say, cannot be because employers found some qualitative flaw in the longer-term unemployed that was hidden from outsiders, since the applicants were similar in other respects. Another explanation for long-term unemployment—that people make less effort to find work as their time out of the labor force lengthens—is also not applicable here. A third possibility is that employers equate lengthening unemployment with atrophying skills and thus falling productivity. But this should be true whether the economy is booming or in recession. The decline in call-back rates was much more pronounced in cities with tight labour markets; call-back rates changed relatively little when higher unemployment prevailed locally. From this, the authors infer that employers are more likely to overlook a long period of unemployment if overall economic conditions are stacked against candidates. These results strongly suggest that long-term unemployment is at least partly self-fulfilling. Like patrons who avoid restaurants purely because they are empty, employers were reluctant to hire someone other employers didn't want.
1. By saying "asymmetric information" (Para. 1), what does the author mean?
A.The collective wisdom is more than an individual's.
B.The crowd may have more information of product.
C.The seller have more wisdom than the buyer.
D.The seller know more than the buyer of the product information.
A B C D
D
[解析] 含义题。根据题干关键词asymmetric information定位到文章第一段。最后提到Often, the buyer knows less about a product than the seller; the collective wisdom of the crowd can correct for such "asymmetric information". 由such可知“asymmetric information”指的就是前文的the buyer knows less about a product than the seller, 因此D项“卖方对产品信息的了解多于买方”为正确答案。A项“大众智慧高于个人”并非其所指。B项“大众对产品了解得更多”、C项“卖家比买家聪明”，均与原文不符。
2. Kory Kroft of the University of Toronto devised an experiment to ______.
A.figure out whether bandwagon behavior is also popular in labor markets
B.test the difference of applicants with similar backgrounds, education and experience
C.test the fictitious CVs for 3,000 clerical, administrative, sales and customer-service jobs
D.figure out how the bandwagon behavior affect the choice of employee
A B C D
A
[解析] 细节题。根据题干关键词Kory Kroft，devised an experiment定位到第二段。由本段第一、二句Scholars are now asking whether herd behavior also prevails in labor markets. To find out, Kory Kroft of the University of Toronto devised an experiment... ，可知实验的目的是to find out whether herd behavior also prevails in labor markets，由此可知A项为正确答案，figure out，bandwagon behavior，popular分别是对原文find out，herd behavior，prevail的同义复现。B项“测试这些有相似背景、学历和经验的申请者的不同”、C项“测试3000份应聘办事员、管理人员、销售人员以及客服人员的虚假简历”均不是实验目的。D项“探索从众行为如何影响面试者的选择”，与原文不符，原文是探索从众行为对雇主招聘的影响。
3. One reasonable explanation for the research results may be ______.
A.employers found some qualitative flaw in the longer-term unemployed
B.people make less effort to find work as their unemployment time lengthens
C.lengthening unemployment is equated with falling productivity
D.call-back rates declined clearly when higher unemployment prevailed
A B C D
C
[解析] 细节题。根据题干关键词reasonable explanation，the research results定位到第四、五段。本题要求找出能够合理解释实验结果的选项。由第五段的第一、二句可以得出C项“长时间失业等同于工作效率的下降”为正确答案。根据第四段These results...cannot be because...可知A项不对。根据第四段Another explanation for...is also not, applicable here可知B项不对。D项declined clearly与原文表述不符，且不属于对实验结果原因的解释，也排除。
4. The research results convey the message that ______.
A.long-term unemployment has nothing with call-back rates
B.long-term unemployment is partly self-fulfilling
C.patrons avoid restaurants purely because they are empty
D.employers were willing to hire someone other employers didn't want
A B C D
B
[解析] 细节题。根据题干关键词research results，convey the message定位到最后一段。首句指出These results strongly suggest that long-term unemployment is at least partly self-fulfilling，因此B项为正确答案。A项“长期失业与回应率没有任何关系”，显然与原文表述不符。C项“常客因为餐馆门庭冷落而避免去此类餐馆”，这在实验之前就存在。D项“雇主愿意雇佣那些别人不想要的人”，与原文表述相反。
5. Generally speaking, the author's attitude towards bandwagon behavior is ______.
A.indifferent
B.critical
C.negative
D.favorable
A B C D
D
[解析] 态度题。此题考查作者对从众行为的态度，需结合全文做出判断。首段指出Such bandwagon effects are not necessarily irrational...the collective wisdom of the crowd can correct for such "asymmetric information" ，即从众效应不一定是非理性的，因为一般来说，买方对商品的了解要少于卖方，因而大众的集体智慧可以作为这种“不对称信息”的修正而存在。中间四段研究了从众效应对招聘市场的影响，最后一段指出，长期失业至少有一部分原因是自己造成的，雇主在招聘时候也不愿意雇佣那些别人不想要的人。可见作者认为从众效应是有一定道理的。因此D项。favorable“赞成的”为正确答案。
Text 2 Using Facebook makes people sadder, at least according to some research. But just what is it about the social network that takes a hit on our mood? A study of the different ways of interacting with the site now offers an answer: Grazing on the content of other people's idealized lives may make reality painful. Scientists have long debated Facebook's impact on users' in-the-moment mood as well as their deeper satisfaction with life. Some studies have found that the site makes us happier; others, sadder. One of the problems is that most studies were cross-sectional, taking a snapshot of people at one point of time. But that makes it difficult to separate our use of Facebook from the many other factors known to affect well-being, from overwork to romantic meltdowns. A 2013 study led by Ethan Kross, a psychologist at the University of Michigan, sidestepped this problem by studying people's use of Facebook over time, surveying them about their well-being five times per day for 2 weeks. The conclusion was that the more you use Facebook, the sadder you get. That study generated an enormous amount of attention. But the results offered no clue to what it is about the social network, or how people are using it, that might have this negative effect. Since then, a collaboration of labs including Kross's has tried to tease apart the mechanisms. The researchers performed an "intervention," using subjects' personal Facebook accounts in specific ways. After all, interaction with Facebook consists of a whole set of activities, from browsing photos and "liking" websites to directly interacting with others through messages and comments. Last week, Kross shared a sneak preview of his team's results. Their findings suggest that there is no effect on well-being if one "actively" uses Facebook. When subjects directly interacted with the social network by posting status updates, sharing content, and messaging others, their mood stayed the same over the course of a day. But the negative impact on well-being that Kross discovered in his 2013 study reappeared for individuals who were made to "passively" use the site—just browsing through photographs of other people's happy moments, reading people's conversations, and not contributing anything. "Using Facebook is not bad for well-being per se," Kross concluded, but "grazing" its content is. Possible reasons for this were bounced around by the audience of psychologists. For example, one theory holds that people post idealized versions of themselves on Facebook, and comparing those to your own real-world life is toxic if you don't take part in the online theater.
1. The word "Grazing" (Para. 1) most probably means
2. What does the phrase "this problem" in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A.Most studies were typical and not general.
B.Most studies made a detailed study of people.
C.It's difficult to separate the use of social network from other factors.
D.There are some other factors affecting well-being.
A B C D
A
[解析] 细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段。倒数第二句中出现了this problem这个短语。本段第一句为One of the problems is that most studies were cross-sectional, taking a snapshot of people at one point of time, 指出了problem是什么。But that makes it difficult...则是problem引起的结果。接下来即以A 2013 study led by Ethan Kross为例说明这个实验也忽视了上文提到的problem，因此可知this problem是指第一句的内容，A项“大部分实验都是典型性的，不具有一般性”为正确答案，typical相当于原文的cross-sectional。B项made a detailed study与原文taking a snapshot不符。C项是problem引起的结果。D项为无关信息干扰项。
3. Ethan Kross's 2013 study failed to find
A.how people use social network.
B.whether people will get sad when they use Facebook.
C.what it is about Facebook that might have negative effect.
D.when people get sad during the use of Facebook.
A B C D
C
[解析] 细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第三、四段。第三段最后一句提到了实验结果。第四段But the results offered no clue to what it is about the social network, or how people are using it, that might have this negative effect. 则提到了实验的缺陷，即研究结果并没有指出究竟是社交网络的哪一方面，或者人们怎样使用社交网络会带来消极影响。因此C项为正确答案。A项“人们怎样使用社交网络”，B项“人们使用脸谱网的时候是否会变得悲伤”，D项“人们在使用脸谱网的何时会变悲伤”，均与题干不符。
4. It can be inferred from the last two paragraphs that
A.well-being can be affected if one actively uses Facebook.
B.subjects' mood changed when they messaged others through Facebook.
C.using Facebook is bad for well-being when people graze its content.
D.it's good for people to post their idealized lives on Facebook.
A B C D
C
[解析] 推断题。根据题干关键词定位到最后两段。本题可用排除法。由there is no effect on well-being if one "actively" uses Facebook可知A项“人们积极地使用脸谱网会使幸福生活受到影响”错误。由When subjects...messaging others, their mood stayed the same...可知B项“当实验者在脸谱网上留言时，他们的情绪会受到影响”错误。最后一段提到Using Facebook is not bad for well-being per se...but "grazing" its content is。因此C项“只有人们过度关注其中的内容时，使用脸谱网才对幸福生活有坏处”为正确答案。由最后一句可知D项错误。
5. Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of the text?
A.Social network has negative impact on well-being.
B.Facebook is bad for users' in-the-moment mood.
C.Whether people can actively use social network.
D.Whether Facebook will make you sad depends on how you use it.
Text 3 Our culture has caused most Americans to assume not only that our language is universal but that the gestures we use are understood by everyone. We do not realize that waving good-bye is the way to summon a person from the Philippines to one's side, or that in Italy and some Latin-American countries, curling the finger to oneself is a sign of farewell. Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after World War Ⅱ and marked them GIFT to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that "Gift" means poison in German. Moreover, we like to think of ourselves as friendly, yet we prefer to be at least 3 feet or an arm's length away from others. Latins and Middle Easterners like to come closer and touch, which makes Americans uncomfortable. Our linguistic and cultural blindness and the casualness with which we take notice of the developed tastes, gestures, customs and languages of other countries, are losing us friends, business and respect in the world. Even here in the United States, we make few concessions to the needs of foreign visitors. There are no information signs in four languages on our public buildings or monuments; we do not have multilingual guided tours. Very few restaurant menus have translations, and multilingual waiters, bank clerks and policemen are rare. Our transportation systems have maps in English only and often we ourselves have difficulty understanding them. When we go abroad, we tend to cluster in hotels and restaurants where English is spoken. The attitudes and information we pick up are conditioned by those natives—usually the richer—who speak English. Our business dealings, as well as the nation's diplomacy, are conducted through interpreters. For many years, America and Americans could get by with cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance. After all, America was the most powerful country of the free world, the distributor of needed funds and goods. But all that is past. American dollars no longer buy all good things, and we are slowly beginning to realize that our proper role in the world is changing. A 1979 Harris poll reported that 55 percent of Americans want this country to play a more significant role in world affairs; we want to have a hand in the important decisions of the next century, even though it may not always be the upper hand.
1. It can be inferred that Americans being approached too closely by Middle Easterners would most probably ______.
A.stand still
B.jump aside
C.step forward
D.draw back
A B C D
D
[解析] 细节题。根据题干关键词Middle Easterners定位到第二段。末句提到Latins and Middle Easterners like to come closer and touch, which makes Americans uncomfortable(但是拉丁美洲人和中东人喜欢靠得很近，甚至接触身体，这使美国人感到不舒服)，由此可以推断美国人不喜欢与别人有身体接触，因此这种情况下他们可能会做出后退的反应，D项“退缩”为正确答案。
2. The author gives many examples to criticize Americans for their ______.
3. In countries other than their own most Americans ______.
A.are isolated by the local people
B.are not well informed due to the language barrier
C.tend to get along well with the natives
D.need interpreters in hotels and restaurants
A B C D
B
[解析] 推断题。根据题干关键词in countries other than their own可以定位到第五段when we go abroad...(我们往往聚在讲英语的旅馆、饭店里。人们对我们的态度和给我们的信息受到能说英语的当地人——通常是有钱人——的影响。我们的商务及国家外交都要通过翻译才能进行)。由此可见B项“由于语言障碍，消息不灵通”为正确答案。
4. According to the author, Americans' cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance will ______.
A.affect their image in the new era
B.cut themselves off from the outside world
C.limit their role in world affairs
D.weaken the position of the US dollar
A B C D
C
[解析] 细节题。根据题干关键词cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance定位到第三段，本段提到...are losing us friends, business and respect in the world(在世界上失去朋友、商机和威信)。文章结尾提到：但这一切都已过去，美元再也买不到所有的好东西，我们仍想在21世纪的重要决策中发挥作用，因此C项“限制了美国在国际事务中的作用”为正确答案。
5. The author's intention in writing this article is to make Americans realize that ______.
A.it is dangerous to ignore their foreign Mends
B.it is important to maintain their leading role in world affairs
C.it is necessary to use several languages in public places
D.it is time to get acquainted with other cultures
Text 4 Old stereotypes die hard. Picture a video-game player and you will likely imagine a teenage boy, by himself, compulsively hammering away at a game involving rayguns and aliens that splatter when blasted. Ten years ago that might have borne some relation to reality. But today a gamer is as likely to be a middle-aged commuter playing "Angry Birds" on her smartphone. In America, the biggest market, the average game-player is 37 years old. Two-fifths are female. Over the past ten years the video-game industry has grown from a small business to a huge, mainstream one. With global sales of $56 billion in 2010, it is more than twice the size of the recorded-music industry. Despite the downturn, it is growing by almost 9% a year. Is this success due to luck or skill? The answer matters, because the rest of the entertainment industry has tended to treat gaming as being a lucky beneficiary of broader technological changes. Video gaming, unlike music, film or television, had the luck to be born digital. In fact, there is plenty for old media to learn. Video games have certainly been swept along by two forces: demography and technology. The first gaming generation—the children of the 1970s and early 1980s—is now over 30. Many still love gaming, and can afford to spend far more on it now. Meanwhile rapid improvements in computing power have allowed game designers to offer experiences that are now often more cinematic than the cinema. But even granted this good fortune, the game-makers have been clever. They have reached out to new customers with new methods. They have branched out into education, corporate training and even warfare, and have embraced digital downloads and mobile devices with enthusiasm. Though big-budget games are still popular, much of the growth now comes from "casual" games that are simple, cheap and playable in short bursts on mobile phones or in web browsers. The industry has excelled in a particular area—pricing. In an era when people are disinclined to pay for content on the web, games publishers were quick to develop "freemium" models, where you rely on non-paying customers to build an audience and then extract cash only from a fanatical few. As gaming comes to be seen as just another medium, its tech-savvy approach could provide a welcome shot in the arm for existing media groups.
1. The two examples in Paragraph 1 are used to illustrate that ______.
A.video-game players tend to be older
B.females in America tend to enjoy playing video games
2. All of the following methods are employed to attract new customers EXCEPT ______.
A.to expand business into other fields
B.to embrace mobile devices
C.to develop big-budget games
D.to develop "casual" games
A B C D
C
[解析] 细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第五段。第五段提到reached out to new customers with new methods。因此答案信息在此句后面。根据branched out into education, corporate training and even warfare可知A项正确。根据have embraced digital downloads and mobile devices可知B项正确。根据Though big-budget games are still popular, much of the growth now comes from "casual" games...可知D项正确，排除C项。因此C项符合题意。
3. One special factor of the success of video games is that ______.
A.demography
B.flexible pricing
C.digital technology
D.cinematic design
A B C D
B
[解析] 推断题。根据题干关键词special factor定位到第六段。开头提到The industry has excelled in a particular area—pricing，题干是对原文的同义复现。四个选项都是造成电子游戏行业成功的原因，但特殊的因素之一就是pricing了，这是音乐、电影和电视等传统媒体尤其需要学习的。根据下文解释也可知道正确答案为B项“灵活的定价”。
4. What can you learn from "freemium" model?
A.It makes people inclined to pay for content on the web.
B.It relies on non-paying customers to make a profit.
C.It makes money only from a few fanatical customers.
D.It earns little for the game-publishers.
A B C D
C
[解析] 细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第六段。根据..."freemium" models, where you rely on non-paying customers to build an audience and then extract cash only from a fanatical few可知“免费增值”模式依赖不付费的顾客来扩大客户群，然后从少量痴迷的顾客身上赚钱。C项It makes money only from a few fanatical customers是对原文extract cash only from a fanatical few的同义复现，为正确答案。A项为张冠李戴，且不符合事实。B项将build an audience偷梁换柱为make a profit。D项属于主观推断，原文无根据。
5. The phrase "tech-savvy approach" in the last paragraph probably means ______.
Part B Directions: Reading the following text and choose the best answer from the fight column to complete each of the unfinished statements in the left column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. The share of young adults living with their parents edged up last year despite improvements in the economy—a sign that the effects of the recession are lingering. In a report on the status of families, the Census Bureau on Tuesday said 13.6% of Americans ages 25 to 34 were living with their parents in 2012, up slightly from 13.4% in 2011. Though the trend began before the recession, it accelerated sharply during the downturn. In the early 2000s, about 10% of people in this age group lived at home. The figures are the latest evidence of the recession's continuing impact on young Americans, who are finding it harder to land jobs and take on the costs of setting up their own homes. Vivien Tsuong, 28, has a job as a marketing specialist, but is living at home in San Gabriel, Calif., to save money. In 2010, after returning from Japan, where she taught English for two years, Ms. Tsuong struggled for a year to find work. After landing a position in 2012, she moved into her current job at a company that sells computer and Internet products this spring. Now that she is stable professionally, she wants to build savings, just in case she encounters more job turbulence, she said. Ms. Tsuong said many of her friends are spending $700 or $800 a month on rent. "I can move out if I really wanted to, but given the situation with rent and gas, I feel like I can save more living at home," she said. "If you can save now, you're sort of investing in your future." Demographers say joblessness during the recession and in its aftermath has fueled the trend of young adults living at home. The percentage of 25-to-34-year-olds living with parents climbed from 10.6% early in the 2000s to 11.8% in 2007, when the recession officially began. But after that the figure jumped sharply. Richard Fry, an economist at Pew Research Center, said the rising share of young adults at home reflects changing attitudes about the phenomenon as well as economic pressures. "Recent surveys by Pew found over 60% of people ages 18 to 34 knew someone who had moved back in with their parents because of the economy," he said, "and that four of five people ages 25 to 34 who were living with their parents were satisfied with the arrangement." "That may suggest there is less stigma attached to living at home," said Mr. Fry. "Living with your parents may not be what it once was," he said. Other trends also are playing a role: Young adults are marrying later, putting off having children and finding it harder to establish stable careers. The latest findings have important implications for the nation's housing market and broader recovery, since they suggest fewer young Americans are buying houses, furniture and appliances—purchases that fuel much of the country's economic growth. While Americans are spending much more than they did during the throes of the recession, overall consumption growth has remained much weaker than in past recoveries. A. said people's attitude about young adults living at home as well as the economic pressure is changing. B. found that there were 11.8% of Americans ages 25-34 living at home in 2007, which was higher than that in 2011. C. trend to get married later and postpone having a baby. D. thinks the consequence of unemployment in recession has intensified the trend of young adults living at home. E. emphasizes that more people feel it shameful to live with parents nowadays. F. held that before the recession, the trend of young adults living at home has already begun, and accelerated sharply during the downturn. G. would like to save money by living at home for fear of running into job turbulence.
1. The Census Bureau
F
[解析] 根据题干关键词The Census Bureau(人口普查局)定位到第二段。在这一机构关于家庭状况的一份报告中比较了2010年、2011年和2012年，年龄在25岁～34岁之间的仍和父母一起居住的美国青年的比例，结果显示这一比例在逐年上升。并由此得出结论：这一趋势在经济衰退前就已显现，但在经济低迷期间得到了急速发展。所以F项符合题意，为正确答案。
[解析] 根据题干关键词Richard Fry定位到第七至九段。文章第七至九段都在阐述Richard Fry——Pew Research Center的观点。他认为越来越多的人选择和父母一起居住恰恰反映了人们对于这一现象及经济压力的态度的变化。他的研究表明大多数的年轻人都是出于经济原因而搬回家住，他们中的大多数人也对这一安排十分满意，不再像以前一样为此而感到羞愧。所以A项为正确答案。
5. American young adults
C
[解析] 本题是针对整个American young adults进行提问的。通读全文后，我们对这一群体倾向于和父母一起居住的现象有了一个大致的了解。而本篇的最后三段又提出了当前的另一个趋势，即现在年轻人成家生子更晚，安居立业更难。这项最新的研究发现将对国家的房产市场及家居家具用品销售有重要的指导作用，虽然相较于经济低迷期美国人消费得更多了，但消费增长较之从前还是十分微弱。由此可知C项符合文章事实，postpone即原文中put off“推迟”的意思。故C项为正确答案。
Section Ⅲ Translation Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.
1. Living standards have soared during the twentieth century, and economists expect them to continue rising in the decades ahead. Does that mean that we humans can look forward to increasing happiness? Not necessarily, warns Richard Easterlin, an economist at the University of Southern California, in his new book. He concedes that richer people are more likely to report themselves as being happy than poorer people are. But steady improvements in the American economy have not been accompanied by steady increases in people's self-assessments of their own happiness. The explanation for this paradox may be that people becomes less satisfied over times with a given level of income. In Easterlin's words, "As incomes rise, the aspiration level does too, and the effect of this increase in aspiration is to weaken the expected growth in happiness due to higher income."
[解析] (1)Not necessarily, warns Richard Easterlin, an economist at the University of Southern California, in his new book译为“南加州大学一位经济学家理查德·伊斯特林在他的新书中警告世人：未必如此”。在翻译的时候可根据汉语习惯适当调整语序。 (2)richer people are more likely to report themselves as being happy译为“富人更有可能称自己是幸福的”。be more likely to意为“很有可能，更可能”。 (3)with a given level of income译为“一定水平的收入”，given在此作形容词意为“特定的，一定的”。 (4)the effect of this increase in aspiration is to vitiate the expected growth in happiness due to higher income译为“期望值的提高会削弱收入提高所带来的预期增加的幸福感”。其中increase in意为“在……方面的增长”；aspiration意为“渴望”；due to意为“由于，应归于”。
Section Ⅳ Writing
Part A
1. Directions: You are going to take part in MBA exam. Write a letter of inquiry to the dean of Management School to inquire about: 1) the subjects to be examed; 2) the number of students to be enrolled; 3) other things you should pay attention to. You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not use your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.
[参考答案] I am Li Ming, a graduate from Shandong University, preparing to take part in MBA entrance test of your school. And I am writing to inquire some information about the test. Firstly, I am eager to know what subjects and types of questions are going to be tested. Secondly, I am also concerned about the number of your planned and extra enrollment By the way, I would like to know if there are any pre-exam training programs and other matters which I should pay attention to. Thank you for your time on my inquiries and I am looking forward to your early reply.
1. Directions: Write an essay based on the following bar graph and pie chart. In your essay, you should 1) interpret the graph and chart, and 2) give your comments. You should write at least 150 words. Write your essay on the ANSWE SHEET.
[参考答案] As is indicated by the two pictures, the latest three years has witnessed a steady increase in the number of smartphone users in China, rising from 160 million in 2011 to 420 million in 2013. Besides, it is clear that people from 18 to 34 years old account for the largest proportion of the smartphone subscribers. It is not difficult for us to come up with some possible factors that illustrate the above changes. First of all, by means of sophisticated mobile operating system, the smartphone is thin and handy, with an array of functions, such as taking clearer photos, watching high-definition videos and playing big games, which cater to the young Chinese's phycology of pursuing fashion. Furthermore, the smartphone possesses high quality and is convenient to use, thus it is the preferred handheld device for managers and clerks. In conclusion, smartphones, with their merits, are increasingly popular among Chinese, especially young and middle-aged people.
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